Ijambo ry‟ibanze

1

1

1

Ijambo ry‟ibanze

Icyorezo cya covid 19 cyatumye amashuri afunga byihuse mu mpera z‟igihembwe cya mbere cy‟umwaka w‟amashuri 2020-2021. Ibyo

byatumye Guveninoma y‟u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi itegura Gahunda Nzamurabushobozi kugira ngo abanyeshuri batari

ku rwego rukwiye rw‟ubushobozi bafashwe kugera ku rwego rukwiye rw‟umwaka bigamo.

Kugira ngo bishoboke, inyoborabarezi za gahunda nzamurabushobozi z‟amasomo 12 y‟ibanze zarateguwe: Ikinyarwanda, Imibare

n‟Icyongereza mu kiciro cya mbere cy‟amashuri abanza, Ikinyarwanda, Imibare, Icyongereza n‟Ubumenyi n‟Ikoranabuhanga Riciriritse (SET)

mu kiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza naho mu kiciro rusange cy‟amashuri yisumbuye harimo Imibare, Ubugenge, Ibinyabuzima,

Ubutabire n‟Icyongereza. Izi nyoborabarezi zereka umwarimu ibyo asabwa gukora ndetse zirimo imyitozo akeneye kugira ngo abashe

gutanga ubufasha bukwiye ku banyeshuri bagomba kuzamurirwa ubushobozi, uburyo atanga amasuzuma yo kunoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize

ndetse n‟amasuzuma akomatanya kugira ngo ibyo bifashe aba banyeshuri kugera ku bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe muri ayo masomo

y‟ingenzi.

Iyi nyoborabarezi ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi ni imfashanyigisho igaragaza neza uburyo abarimu bazahitamo abanyeshuri bakeneye

ubufasha mu myigire yabo ndetse n‟uburyo bazabafasha bagendeye ku byo bakeneye. Ntabwo bivuze ko izasimbura integanyanyigisho

ishingiye ku bushobozi; ahubwo ni imfashanyigisho abarimu bazifashisha kugira ngo bafashe abanyeshuri bafite imbogamizi mu myigire

yabo. Irimo uburyo bufasha umwarimu guha umwanya abo banyeshuri bakabigisha bashingiye ku bushobozi bwabo.

Mu mashuri yose, mu masomo asanzwe y‟icyumweru isaha ibanza y‟icyumweru kuri buri somo muri ariya ateganyijwe izaharirwa gahunda

nzamurabushobozi muri buri shuri umwarimu yigishamo iryo somo. Uretse iyo saha, muri wikendi iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi

izakomeza gusa ku banyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha. Muri buri mwaka, umwarimu azifashisha iyi nyoborabarezi afashe abanyeshuri ashingiye

ku bibazo bafite. Mu gutegura amasomo, umwarimu arasabwa kuzifashisha ingero z‟amasomo ateguye ari muri iyi nyoborabarezi. Turasaba

abarimu rero kuyisoma kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa n‟uburyo bazafasha abanyeshuri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.

Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda kirahamagarira rero abashingwabikorwa bose mu burezi bo ku rwego rw‟akarere,

imirenge, abayobozi b‟ibigo by‟amashuri ndetse n‟abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ry‟uburezi gufasha abarimu mu ishyirwa mu

bikorwa ry‟iyi gahunda. Turashimira byimazeyo abantu bose bagize uruhare mu gutegura iyi mfashanyigisho. Turasaba kandi

abazayikoresha, baba abarimu cyangwa abandi, kuzakomeza gutanga ibitekerezo by‟ibyarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo iyi mfashanyigisho

igirire akamaro abazayikoresha.

Dr. Sebaganwa Alphonse

Umuyobozi w‟agateganyo w‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda

2

IBIRIMO

ABAGIZE URUHARE MU GUTEGURA IYI NYOBORABAREZI ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

1. INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

2. IMITERERE Y‟INYOBORABAREZI ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

3. IMITERERE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

4. AMAHANGE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI .............................................................................................................................................................. 6

A. KWIGISHIRIZA BURI MUNYESHURI MU RWEGO RW‟UBUSHOBOZI AFITE ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

B. IMYIGIRE IBEREYE BURI MUNYESHURI (UDL) ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5. NI IBIKI BISABWA UMWARIMU MURI GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI? ............................................................................................................................ 8

6. IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

IBYIGWA BYO MU MWAKA WA KANE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Igihembwe cya kabiri .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Igihembwe cya gatatu ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20

IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI MU MWAKA WA GATANU ................................................................................................................................................... 25

Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

Igihembwe cya kabiri ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30


IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI MU MWAKA WA GATANDATU ............................................................................................................................................. 39

Igihembwe cya mbere ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39

Igihembwe cya kabiri ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44


AMASOMO NTANGARUGERO Y‟IKINYARWANDA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 54

IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 54

IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 5 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63

IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 68

IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 73

IMIGEREKA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74

3

ABAGIZE URUHARE MU GUTEGURA IYI NYOBORABAREZI

Abakozi ba Minisiteri y‟Uburezi n‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda

1. NDAYAMBAJE Johnson, Umuyobozi w‟Agashami k‟Isuzuma ry‟Amasomo y‟Indimi mu Kigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)

2. RUBANDA Jean-François, Umukozi Ushinzwe Ibizamini by‟Ikinyarwanda mu Kigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)

3. UWIZEYEYEZU Marie Therese, Umukozi Ushinzwe Amashuri y‟Inshuke n‟Abanza muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi (MINEDUC)

Abarimu

1. BYUKUSENGE Peninah, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu ishuri nderabarezi wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda

2. MUKANKUSI Francine, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza

3. MURERA Jean Marie Vianney, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri yisumbuye wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda

4. UWAMARIYA Clotilde, Umwarimu w‟Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza wanagize uruhare mu kwandika imfashanyigisho z‟Ikinyarwanda

Abandi bagize uruhare

1. KIMENYI Angelo, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye ushinzwe gutanga inama ku bijyanye n‟amasuzuma muri REB

2. MWISENEZA Thacien, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye Ushinzwe Amashuri Nderabarezi

3. NTIRENGANYA Alphonse, Umukozi wa USAID – Soma Umenye Ushinzwe Ururimi rw‟Ikinyarwanda

4. NZEYIMANA Jean Claude, Umukozi wa BLF akaba n‟Umugishwanama ufasha Ishami Rishinzwe Isuzuma muri REB

4

1. INTANGIRIRO RUSANGE

Mu kwezi kwa Gatatu hagati mu mwaka wa 2020, mu mpera z‟igihembwe cya mbere amashuri yafunzwe bitunguranye bituma abanyeshuri

bagera kuri 4,087,339 bahagarika amasomo yabo. Izi mbogamizi mu myigire zatumye ubushobozi bwa bamwe mu banyeshuri busubira

inyuma bikagaragarira mu musaruro wabo mu gihe bagarutse ku mashuri. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere

Uburezi mu Rwanda cyashyizeho ubundi buryo bwo kwiga mu gihe amashuri yari afunze. Byagaragaye ko nubwo abanyeshuri babashije

kwiga hifashishijwe uburyo bw‟iyakure, abana benshi mu Gihugu bazakenera ubundi buryo byo kubunganira kugira ngo babashe kugera ku

bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamije mu myaka bigamo.

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n‟ingaruka za Covid-19 mu burezi, Guverinoma y‟u Rwanda ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y‟Uburezi yashyizeho

“Gahunda Nzamurabushobozi” yo gufasha abanyeshuri bashobora kugira ibibazo byo gusibira cyangwa guta ishuri. Iyi gahunda izafasha

abanyeshuri byagaragaye ko bafite imbogamizi gusobanukirwa aho bafite ubushobozi buke no gushaka uburyo bagira uruhare rwo

kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo. Umunyeshuri uri mu “rwego rw‟imyigire rudakwiye” ni umunyeshuri watsinzwe cyane mu ishuri bikaba

byamuviramo ingaruka zo guta ishuri mbere y‟uko arangiza. Iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi igamije guhitamo imyitozo n‟uburyo

bw‟imyigire binoze bikifashishwa mu gufasha aba banyeshuri bari ku rwego rw‟imyigire rudakwiye kugira ngo babashe kugera ku rwego

rukwiye cyangwa urw‟ikirenga.

Iyi nyoboraberezi yereka umwarimu ibyo asabwa gukora ndetse irimo imyitozo akeneye kugira ngo abashe gutanga ubufasha bukwiye ku

banyeshuri bagomba kuzamurirwa ubushobozi, uburyo atanga amasuzuma yo kunoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize ndetse n‟amasuzuma

akomatanya kugira ngo ibyo bifashe aba banyeshuri bari mu byiciro bitandukanye kugera ku bushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe mu isomo

ry‟Ikinyarwanda. Iyi nyoborabarezi igabanyijemo ibice bitandukanye kandi byuzuzanya bizafasha umwarimu nk‟umufatanyabikorwa

w‟ibanze muri iki gikorwa. Harimo kandi zimwe mu ngero z‟ibyigwa ziri kumwe n‟ibikorwa biteganyijwe. Harimo nanone ingero

z‟amasomo ateguye azafasha umwarimu gutegura andi masomo.

2. IMITERERE Y‟INYOBORABAREZI

Imiterere y‟iyi mfashanyigisho ijya gusa n‟iy‟integanyanyigisho. Iteye mu buryo bukurikira:

● Imitwe: Imitwe yatoranyijwe muri iyi nyoborabarezi yavuye mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda. Ni imitwe y‟ibanze irimo ibyigwa

abanyeshuri benshi bashobora kugiramo imbogamizi nk‟uko byagaragajwe n‟abarimu.

● Ibyigwa: Ibyigwa byatoranijwe byavuye na byo mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda. Ni ibyigwa bikomerera muri rusange

abanyeshuri bose kandi bikaba ari iby‟ibanze.

5

● Ibikorwa by‟abanyeshuri: Ni ibikorwa by‟ingero bihabwa abanyeshuri kugira ngo bizamure ubushobozi bwabo. Umwarimu agomba

kumenya ko agomba gufasha abanyeshuri agendeye ku bushobozi bwabo.

● Imfashanyigisho: Izo ni imfashanyigisho abarimu bakoresha kugira ngo zifashe abanyeshuri kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo. Muri izi

mfashanyigisho harimo izifatika kandi zikoze mu bikoresho tubona iwacu nk‟amakarita y‟inyuguti, imifuniko y‟amacupa, igitabo

k‟inyoborabarezi ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi n‟ibindi.

● Igihe kigenewe amasomo: Igihe kigenewe amasomo kijyanye n‟ibyigwa byatoranyijwe muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi ndetse

n‟umuvuduko umunyeshuri asanzwe afite mu myigire ye.

● Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma: Ni ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba intego yari igamijwe

kugerwaho ku mpera z‟umutwe runaka yaragezweho. Ubu bushobozi busuzumwa ni ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe mu mutwe

runaka nk‟uko buba bwagaragajwe mu nteganyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda.

● Uburyo bw‟imyigishirize: Iki ni igice kerekana uko abarimu bayobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa bitandukanye baba bakora kugira ngo

bagere ku bushobozi bwifuzwa muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.

Mu minsi isanzwe y‟amasomo, mu isaha igenewe gahunda nzamurabushobozi, umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda

agendeye ku bushobozi bwabo hanyuma akabaha imyitozo itandukanye. Kuri abo banyeshuri bakenewe gufashwa kuzamura

ubushobozi, umwarimu yifashisha imyitozo n‟imikino binyuranye akanabayobora uburyo bayikora.

Ku bandi banyeshuri badafite imbogamizi mu myigire yabo, umwarimu abagenera imyitozo nyagurabushobozi. Mu gihe cya wikendi,

umwarimu aba afite umwanya uhagije wo kunganira ba banyeshuri bafite ubushobozi buke kuko noneho aba ari kumwe na bo

bonyine. Umwarimu akomeza kwifashisha za mfashanyigisho zitandukanye agafasha ba banyeshuri kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo.

6

3. IMITERERE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI

Gahunda nzamurabushobozi izashyirwa mu bikorwa nk‟uko bigaragara kuri iki

gishushanyo. Mu gihe abanyeshuri bazaba bagarutse ku ishuri, hazakoreshwa

ibyumweru bibiri by‟isubiramo ku byizwe mu gihembwe cya mbere.

Hazakurikiraho isuzuma ku byigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere. Iri suzuma

rizagaragaza abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke mu myigire rizakurikirwa

n‟indi myitozo izafasha gutahura neza ibyo umunyeshuri akeneye gufashwaho.

Ibi bizafasha umwarimu kumenya mu by‟ukuri ibyigwa bikenewe kwibandwaho

muri gahunda nzamurabushozi bitume umwarimu ashyira buri munyeshuri mu

kiciro akwiye.

Iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi ijyanye n‟ibyigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere,

hagakorwa n‟amasuzuma agaragaza uko abanyeshuri bahagaze, iyi gahunda

izakomeza no ku bindi bihembwe kugeza umwaka urangiye.

Ishusho y‟imiterere ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi

4. AMAHANGE YA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI

A. Kwigishiriza buri munyeshuri mu rwego rw‟ubushobozi afite

Kwigishiriza buri munyeshuri mu rwego ariho rw‟ubushobozi ni uburyo umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda agendeye ku

bushobozi bwa buri munyeshuri aho buri tsinda ariha imyitozo ijyanye n‟ibyo bakeneye aho kugendera ku mwaka bigamo cyangwa imyaka

bafite. Ubu buryo bwibanda cyane ku bushobozi bw‟ibanze umunyeshuri akeneye aho kubakira gusa ku biri mu ntaganyanyigisho.

Abanyeshuri kandi bahabwa isuzuma rya buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane uko umunyeshuri agenda yongera ubushobozi aho getegereza

gusa ibizamini.

Bimwe mu byitabwaho muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi

Gushyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda ugendeye ku bushobozi bwabo

Isubiramo ku

byizwe mu

gihembwe cya 1

Isuzuma ku

byigwa

by'igihembwe

cya 1

Gutanga irindi

suzuma

rishyira

abanyeshuri

mu byiciro

Ibikorwa

nzamurabusho

bozi (mu minsi

y'imibyizi na

wikendi)

Isuzuma rinoza

imyigire

n'imyigishirize

(nyuma ya buri

byumweru 3)

7

Buri tsinda rihabwa imyitozo ijyanye n‟ubushobozi bw‟abaririmo

Kureba niba abanyeshuri basobanukiwe n‟ibyo bari kwiga mbere yo gukomeza ku bindi bishya

Gukomeza gukoresha isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize kugira ngo ibikorerwa umunyeshuri bihuzwe n‟ubushobozi akeneye.

B. Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri (UDL)

Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda gikoresha Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri nk‟uburyo bufasha umwarimu kwigisha

buri munyeshuri. Uburezi Bubereye buri munyeshuri bufasha abanyeshuri bose harimo abafite imbogamizi mu myigire, abafite ubumuga

cyangwa abakeneye ubufasha bwihariye mu myigire. Umwarimu yifashisha amakuru afite ku bumuga bw‟umwana no ku mbogamizi afite

mu myigire. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari bumwe mu bumuga cyangwa imbogamizi mu myigire abarimu batabasha gutahura. Muri iyi

gahunda nzamurabushobozi, umwarimu bashobora kuzabona abanyeshuri bagenda buhoro. Umwarimu ashobora gusanga kugenda buhoro

k‟umunyeshuri gushobora kuba gufitanye isano n‟imbogamizi mu myigire zimwe zikaba ziterwa n‟ubumuga afite. Bitewe n‟uko iyi gahunda

nzamurabushobozi ifite intego imwe nkuru yo gufasha abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke mu myigire, uburyo bushingiye ku burezi

bubereye buri munyeshuri buzafasha umwarimu gufasha buri munyeshuri nta kurobanura.

Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri yubakiye ku mahame atatu akurikira:

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushishikariza abanyeshuri kugira uruhare mu kigwa: Abanyeshuri bose bashishikarizwa kwiga no gukora

mu buryo butandukanye. Guha abanyeshuri uburyo butandukanye nko gusoma inkuru n‟imyitozo. Imyitozo yo mu matsinda ni

bumwe mu buryo buboneye bwo gushishikariza abanyeshuri kwigana umwete. Gushishikariza umunyeshuri kugira uruhare mu kigwa

bituma yita ku byo yiga.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ikigwa: Abanyeshuri biga mu buryo butandukanye. Bamwe biga neza iyo bumva, abandi bakiga

neza iyo bitegereje, abandi bakiga neza iyo bandika ndetse hari n‟abiga neza iyo ibyo biga bishyizwe mu buryo bw‟agakino.

Umwarimu agomba kwigisha ku buryo yubahiriza uburyo butandukanye umwana ashobora kwigamo.

Uburyo butandukanye umunyeshuri akoresha agaragaza ko yumvise ikigwa: Nk‟uko abanyeshuri biga batandukanye, umwarimu na

we agomba kugerageza kubaha amahirwe yo kugaragaza ibyo biga mu buryo bahisemo butandukanye. Twibuke ko buri wese afite

uburyo bwe bwihariye bwatuma yiga neza. Bityo rero si byiza ko abanyeshuri basubiriza hamwe cyangwa mu buryo bumwe mu gihe

umwarimu ashaka kumenya ibyo bumvise.

8

Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu myigire n‟imyigishirize ariko ntibuhindura ibyigwa umwarimu yigisha.

Bamwe mu barimu basanzwe bakoresha ubu buryo aho buri munyeshuri, harimo n‟abafite ubumuga, bitabwaho mu myigire yabo

hagendewe ku bushobozi, imbogamizi n‟uburyo babasha kwigamo. Ku bifuza gusobanukirwa kurushaho uburyo bw‟ Imyigire Ibereye

Buri Munyeshuri mwasoma Imfashanyigisho ku Myigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri yateguwe na USAID Soma Umenye ku bufatanye

n‟Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda iri ku rubuga rwa REB ahari amasuzuma anoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize.

Ibintu by‟ingenzi bituma gahunda nzamurabushobozi irushaho kunoga

Kwita kuri buri munyeshuri ku giti ke

Kwifashisha ibyavuye mu isuzuma kugira ngo hamenyekane umunyeshuri ukeneye ubufasha n‟ibyo akwiye gufashwaho;

Gushyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato ashingiye ku bahuje ibibazo;

Gukoresha amatsinda ya babiribabiri kugira ngo bunganirane mu myigire;

Kwifashisha ibyavuye mu masuzuma kugira ngo harebwe niba urwego rw‟umunyeshuri rurimo ruzamuka;

Guha buri munyeshuri imyitozo yo buri kanya ituma usobanukirwa uko umunyeshuri ahagaze;

Kwitabira gahunda nzamurabushobozi si igihano. Abarimu bakwiye kwirinda imvugo zose mbi zisesereza abanyeshuri bitabiriye iyi

gahunda;

Guha umwanya abanyeshuri wo gutekereza ku bushobozi n‟imbaraga nke bafite, umusaruro wavuye mu masuzuma yakorewe mu ishuri

n‟imikoro;

Gutanga imyitozo kuri buri gace k‟ikigwa urangije kugira ngo bakomeze kubyibuka mbere yo kongeraho ibindi bishya;

Gutegura gahunda yo gufasha abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke nyuma ya buri suzuma risoza umutwe. Imbonerahamwe

igaragaza uko umwarimu yabikora iri inyuma mu mugereka.

5. NI IBIKI BISABWA UMWARIMU MURI GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI?

Kugira ngo iyi gahunda nzamurabushobozi irusheho kugenda neza, hari ibyo umwarimu asabwa. Muri byo harimo:

A. Gufasha abanyeshuri gusubiramo ibyizwe mu gihembwe cya 1: Amashuri niyongera gufungura, abarimu bazakoresha isubiramo

ry‟ibyizwe mu gihembwe cya 1 mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere. Kugira ngo isuzuma rikorwe neza, umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo,

akangurira abanyeshuri gufashanya hagati yabo akoresha kandi imfashanyigisho zitandukanye.

9

B. Isuzuma rya mbere rikomatanya: Mu cyumweru cya gatatu abanyeshuri bagarutse ku ishuri, abanyeshuri bakora isuzuma

rikomatanya ryateguwe ku byigwa by‟igihembwe cya mbere bakozeho isubiramo mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere. Iri suzuma

rigamije gutahura abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke ku byigwa byo mu gihembwe cya mbere.

C. Gufasha abanyeshuri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi: Guhera ku cyumweru cya kane umwarimu afasha abanyeshuri kuzamura

ubushobozi ku byigwa byo mu gihembwe cya mbere yibanda cyane ku bagaragaje ubushobozi buke. Muri iki gihe, umwarimu

yifashisha ibikorwa biri muri iyi nyoborabarezi byibanda cyane ku bushobozi bw‟ibanze abanyeshuri bakeneye.

D. Isuzuma rya kabiri rigenewe abanyeshuri bagaragaje ubushobozi buke: Nyuma ya gahunda nzamurabushobozi yakozwe ku byigwa

by‟igihembwe cya mbere, umwarimu arongera agaha ba banyeshuri isuzuma ryenda gusa n‟iryo yabahaye mu cyumweru cya 3

kugira ngo bimufashe gutahura ubushobozi abo banyeshuri bagezeho bityo arusheho kumenya insanganyamatsiko bagifitemo

imbogamizi.

E. Gutegura no gutanga amasuzuma anoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize n‟amasuzuma akomatanya: Mu masuzuma umwarimu agomba

gutanga harimo isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize n‟isuzuma rikomatanya. Isuzuma rinoza imyigire n‟imyigishirize rifasha

umwarimu gutahura uko abanyeshuri bakurikiye kandi basobanukirwa n‟ibyo barimo kwiga bigatuma arushaho kumenya niba

akomeza iyo nsanganyamatsiko, niba ayisubiramo cyangwa niba ahindura uburyo bw‟imyigishirize. Isuzuma rikomatanya ririmo

irigomba gukorwa nyuma ya buri byumweru 3, isuzuma risoza umutwe, isuzuma risoza igihembwe n‟isuzuma rikorwa ku byigwa

by‟umwaka wose. Ibyavuye muri aya masuzuma yose bibikwa ku mbuga za REB zijyaho amasuzuma (Comprehensive Assessment).

F. Gushyira abanyeshuri mu byiciro: Isuzuma rya kabiri rizatangwa n‟umwarimu rizamufasha kumenya ubushobozi buri munyeshuri

uzitabira gahunda nzamurabushobozi arimo. Mu Kinyarwanda abo banyeshuri bagomba gushyirwa mu byiciro bitewe n‟ibyavuye

mu isuzuma rya mbere ni abashobora kuba babonye zeru abo ku rwego rw‟ibanze cyangwa urwego ruciriritse.

G. Gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu minsi y‟amasomo isanzwe: Isomo ryose rya mbere ry‟icyumweru umwarimu azajya yinjira mu ishuri

izibanda cyane muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi. Icyo gihe umwarimu azifashisha amatsinda atandukanye bitewe n‟ubushobozi

bw‟abanyeshuri. Abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye umwarimu azabashyira mu matsinda yabo yo kubafashirizamo, hanyuma

abandi basigaye na bo bashyirwe mu matsinda yabo bahabwe imyitozo nyagurabushobozi ibafasha kwagura ubushobozi bwabo.

Muri uyu mwanya, umwarimu ashyira imbaraga nyinshi ku banyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye abandi bagakomeza gukorera

mu matsinda bayobowemo n‟abahagarariye amatsinda.

H. Gahunda nzamurabushobozi muri wikendi: Muri wikendi ku wa gatandatu cyangwa ku cyumweru abanyeshuri batoranyijwe muri

gahunda nzamurabushobozi ni bo bonyine bagomba kwitabira. Isomo ry‟Ikinyarwanda rizagira byibura isaha imwe muri icyo gihe.

I. Kwimakaza uburezi budaheza: Umwarimu agomba kubanza kumenya abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga cyangwa izindi mbogamizi

zibabuza kwiga afite. Biranashoboka ko hari ibyo umwarimu atasobanukirwa ku mbogamizi umunyeshuri afite. Umwarimu ashobora

10

kwifashisha inyobora igaragaza imbogamizi zigera kuri 12 abanyeshuri bashobora guhura na zo. Izo mbogamizi zishingiye ku bibazo

by‟ingingo, imbogamizi zishingiye ku bibazo by‟imitekerereze, abanyeshuri bafite imbogamizi zo kuvuga, gusubiza, kuganira,

gusobanukirwa n‟ibyavuzwe n‟undi no kugenzura amarangamutima. Umwarimu wabashije gusobanukirwa imbogamizi abanyeshuri

bafite hari uburyo bagomba kubafasha.

J. Gukurikirana no gutanga raporo ijyanye n‟abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha: Uburyo buhoraho bwo gutanga raporo kuri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi ni ingenzi. Buri munyeshuri afite umwihariko we ushingiye ku bushobozi afite, uburyo bw‟imyigire n‟umusaruro

uturuka mu masuzuma. Inshingano z‟umwarimu ni ugukora ku buryo atahura abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha yifashishije ibyavuye

mu isuzuma aba yahaye abanyeshuri. Umwarimu kandi asabwa kubika ibyavuye mu masuzuma yakorewe ba banyeshuri bakurikiye

gahunda nzamurabushobozi. Umwarimu rero asabwa kubika ibyavuye muri ayo masuzuma yifashishije urubuga rwa REB ruriho

ibyerekeranye n‟isuzuma (Comprehensive Assessment). Uretse kwandika amanota umunyeshuri yabonye, umwarimu kandi akora

raporo mu magambo y‟uko umunyeshuri ahagaze. Muri iyi raporo, umwarimu agaragaza ibikorwa bizakorerwa umunyeshuri kugira

ngo abashe kuzamura urwego rwe (Reba mu mugereka wa A uri inyuma muri iyi nyoborabarezi urugero rw'uko raporo ikorwa). Iyi

raporo ihabwa kandi umwarimu uhagarariye ishuri, umuyobozi w‟ishuri ndetse n‟ababyeyi. Kubika ibyavuye mu isuzuma bifasha

umwarimu gusobanukirwa n‟uko umunyeshuri agenda ava ku rwego rumwe rw‟ubushobozi ajya ku rundi.

11

6. IBYIGWA BYA GAHUNDA NZAMURABUSHOBOZI

Ibyigwa byo mu mwaka wa kane

Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa kane:

Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa kane agomba kuba ashobora:

Kumva ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe no kubisobanukirwa;

Kuvuga ashize amanga;

Gusoma uko bikwiye, bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi;

Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye;

Kwandika yubahiriza imyandikire yemewe kandi anoza umukono;

Gusobanura imiterere y'ururimi.

Igihembwe cya mbere

UMUTWE WA 1:

Umuco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu nteganyanyigisho):

24

Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi bugamijwe:

- Gusesengura imyandiko ku muco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda no gusesengura umugani muremure no kuwuca.

- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha neza utwatuzo tuzisoza.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi): 13

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi

Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri

Imfashanyigisho

Ibigenderwaho mu

isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

kubaha no kwakira

abatugana: Inyana ni

iya mweru

- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko.

- Gusoma bucece.

- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro

zitarenze ebyiri).

- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa

umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo

umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo,…

- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo

umwandiko usomwa kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw

- Amashusho ajyanye n‟ibivugwa

mu mwandiko

- Amakarita yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko no

gusesengura interuro.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha uko bikwiye

utwatuzo dusoza

http://www.reb.rw/

12

- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo

yumvise

- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo

mu yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite

interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika.

- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro

byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.

- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa

bibuka byavuzwe mu mwandiko.

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima

busanzwe. (Urugero: Ni ikihe gikorwa wakorera umuntu

ukugannye mu buryo bwo kumwakira neza?)

- Amakarita ariho amagambo

n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.

interuro.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura umugani

no kuwuca.

2 Utwatuzo dusoza

interuro n‟amoko

y‟interuro hakurikijwe

utwatuzo tuzisoza.

- Kuvuga interuro yishakiye akanayandika (gusoma

interuro yahawe ku makarita).

- Gukina umukino wo guhuza amakarita yanditseho

interuro zisozwa n‟utwatuzo dutandukanye.

- Gusesengura interuro zatanzwe bashyiraho utwatuzo

dusoza cyangwa baca akarongo ku katuzo bashyizeho.

- Kugereranya utwatuzo twashyizwe kuri izo nteruro.

- Gusobanura utwatuzo dusoza interuro n‟amako

y‟interuro hakurikijwe utwatuzo tuzisoza.


zisozwa n‟utwatuzo

dutandukanye.

- Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo

amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n0

001/14/2014 yo ku wa

08/10/2014 agenga imyandikire

y‟Ikinyarwanda

3 Imimaro y‟ingenzi

y‟amagambo mu

nteruro.

- Gutondeka amakarita ariho ibice bitatu bigaragaza

imimaro y‟ingenzi y‟interuro.

- Kugenda bakuraho buri gice muri byo bagasuzuma niba

ibice bisigaye by‟interuro bifite igisobanuro.

- Kugaragaza imimaro y‟ingenzi y‟amagambo mu nteruro.

- Gukora interuro zabo bwite zigaragaramo iyo mimaro.

- Amakarita ariho ibice bitatu

bigaragaza imimaro y‟ingenzi

y‟amagambo agize interuro

4 Inyunguramagambo:

Impuzanyito

n‟imbusane

- Gutoranya amagambo abirabiri ahuje inyito mu

magambo avangavanze yanditse ku makarita.

- Guhitamo impuzanyito y‟ijambo yahawe mu magambo

ari mu dukubo akaryandika.

- Amakarita yanditseho

amagambo avangavanze ariko

hagiye habamo ijambo

n‟impuzanyito zaryo

13

- Gutoranya amagambo abirabiri y‟imbusane mu

magambo avangavanze yanditse ku makarita.

- Gukora igikorwa (umunyeshuri umwe) mugenzi we

begeranye agakora imbusane yacyo.


avangavanze ariko hagiye

habamo ijambo ry‟imbusane

5 Umugani muremure

n‟uturango twawo

- Gucira abandi umugani ashatse.

- Kubwirana babiribabiri uturango tw‟umugani baciriwe.

Igitabo cy‟umwarimu cy‟umwaka

wa 4 w‟amashuri abanza

kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB ari

rwo www.reb.rw

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda. Umuntu umwe muri buri tsinda asure itsinda begeranye maze bamwakire neza. Ashobora no

kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.

- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke, abatega amatwi, abashishikariza

gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero

rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi

cyangwa agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).

- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo

atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Mu gukina umukino wo guhuza amakarita yanditseho interuro zisozwa n‟utwatuzo dutandukanye, abanyeshuri bafite interuro zihuje utwatuzo

bagenda bajya hamwe, bakanasobanurira bagenzi babo utwo twatuzo ndetse n‟ubwoko bw‟izo nteruro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 3

- Mu gihe basesengura imimaro y‟ingenzi mu nteruro, bagenda bakuraho buri gice mu bigize interuro, bagasuzuma niba ibice bisigaye by‟interuro bifite

igisobanuro (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bakora ibikorwa byo gutahura impuzanyito n‟imbusane, umwarimu agomba gukurikirana neza ko igikorwa kigera ku bo

kigenewe bose. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 5

- Mu gihe cyo guca umugani, umwarimu agomba kugenzura ko bazi uko umugani utangira, amakabyankuru mu bikorwa bivugwamo n‟uko umugani

usoza.

- Iyo abanyeshuri babwirana uturango tw‟umugani baciriwe, umwarimu agomba kugenzura ko bazi uko umugani utangira, amakabyankuru mu bikorwa

http://www.reb.rw/

14

bivugwamo n‟uko umugani usoza. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Ikitonderwa:

- Uru ni urugero rw‟uburyo umwarimu yakoresha, ariko hari ubundi yabona bwamufasha kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri basigaye inyuma

ntiyabura kubukoresha.

- Mu gihe abanyeshuri bari mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo kwiga, ni ngombwa ko umwarimu ashishikariza abakigaragaza intege nke gukora cyane,

akanabemerera uduhembo dutandukanye kandi akatubaha. Urugero nko kubahemba utugofero dukoze mu mpapuro, kubereka utubuye azajya agenda

ashyira mu gacupa igihe cyose bakoze cyangwa bitwaye neza, maze twose twashiriramo akabahemba nko kubaririmbira akaririmbo n‟ibindi.

- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri

suzuma ryagenerwa isomo rimwe, kandi rigakorwa mu gihe aba banyeshuri bari bonyine (mu mpera y‟icyumweru).

UMUTWE WA 2:

Iterambere

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu

nteganyanyigisho): 24


- Gusesengura imyandiko ku iterambere, imigani migufi, ibisakuzo n‟ibyivugo by‟amahomvu.

- Gukoresha neza utwatuzo tujya hagati mu nteruro.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi)

:11

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi

Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu

isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

kwigira: Umurage

w‟abavandimwe batatu

- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana

(interuro zitarenze ebyiri).

- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku

gikorwa umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse,

ikibazo umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…


yumvise.

- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo

mu yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite

interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika.

- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo

umwandiko usomwa kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw-

Amakarita yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo


n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusoma yubahiriza

utwatuzo n‟iyitsa.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko no

guhimba imyandiko

inyuranye.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha utwatuzo

http://www.reb.rw/

15


byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.

- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa

bibuka byavuzwe mu mwandiko.


busanzwe. (Urugero: Ni iki umuntu yakora mu rwego

rwo guharanira kwigira?)

mu nteruro.

2

Utwatuzo: Akitso,

utubago tubiri,

utwuguruzo n‟utwugarizo

n‟agakato.

- Gusoma igika bahawe batahuramo utwatuzo

twakoreshejwe hagati mu nteruro.

- Kugereranya utwatuzo batahuye muri cya gika

basobanura aho dukoreshwa.

- Gukosora interuro bashyiramo utwatuzo dukoreshwa

hagati mu nteruro.

- Impapuro zanditseho igika

kigaragaramo utwatuzo

twigishwa



001/14/2014 yo ku wa


y‟Ikinyarwanda

3

Imigani migufi - Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko bahawe.

- Gusobanura imigani batahuye.

- Guhuza ibice bibiri by‟umugani mugufi biri ku makarita

bakawuzuza uko bigomba.

Impapuro ziriho umwandiko

abanyeshuri batahuramo imigani

migufi.

- Amakarita yanditseho ibice

by‟imigani bahuza

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo icyo umuntu yakora mu rwego rwo guharanira kwigira. Ashobora no kubaza

ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.





- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko, (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo

atatu).

Isomo rya 2

16

-Umwarimu akurikirana igikorwa cyo gusoma igika bahawe batahuramo utwatuzo twakoreshejwe hagati mu nteruro, akagenda ashishikariza abo bireba

bose kugira uruhare, ashimira abagaragaje ubushake.

- Agenda akosora interuro abanyeshuri bashyiramo utwatuzo dukoreshwa hagati mu nteruro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu akora uko ashoboye agategura umwandiko ushimishishije abanyeshuri, urimo imigani migufi myinshi kandi imenyerewe abanyeshuri

batahura. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Igihembwe cya kabiri

UMUTWE WA 3:

SIDA n‟izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no guhashya no gukumira SIDA n‟izindi ndwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina,

- Gusesengura urwenya na byendagusetsa no kurutera, no gukoresha amasano yo mu muryango n‟amagambo adahinduka.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

11

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi

Ibikorwa by‟abanyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu

isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku ngingo

zerekeye isuku y‟imyanya

ndangagitsina: SIDA,

uburagaza: Isuku y‟imyanya

ndangagitsina


zitarenze ebyiri).


umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu

amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…

- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise.

- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo

bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye,

bakazisoma bakanazandika.

- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo

(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.

- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka

byavuzwe mu mwandiko.

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe.

- Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

usomwa kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- Amakarita

yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo.

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanura byayo.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko no

gusesengura interuro.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura urwenya

no kurutera

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha amasano

yo mu muryango

n‟amagambo

adahinduka.

http://www.reb.rw/

17

(Urugero: Wakwirinda ute indwara zirimo n‟izandurira mu

myanya ndangagitsina?)

2 Amasano yo mu muryango - Gukina umukino w‟amasano hagati y‟abagize amatsinda

- Kugaragaza amasano y‟abagize umuryango bakoresheje “igiti

cy‟umuryango”.

Impapuro

zishushanyijeho “igiti

cy‟umuryango”

3

Indangahantu - Gutahura indangahantu bakurikije aho ibikoresho biherereye.

- Gutahura indangahantu bagendeye ku hantu umuntu atuye

cyangwa akorera ibikorwa.

Bimwe mu bikoresho

byo mu ishuri

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo ibyo iwabo bakora mu mwanya wo gutarama. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo

by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.






atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba kwitwara nk„aho ari abagize umuryango, maze bagakina umukino w‟amasano hagati yabo.

(Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

- Akurikirana igikorwa cyo kugaragaza amasano y‟abagize umuryango bakoresheje “igiti cy‟umuryango”, akagenda abunganira aho bibaye ngombwa.

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu ategura ibikoresho binyuranye bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu ishuri, agategura umwanya biza kujya bishyirwamo mu gihe abanyeshuri bakina

umukino wo gutahura indangahantu bakurikije aho ibikoresho biherereye.

Ategura ibibazo bisubizwa hakoreshejwe amagambo akoreshwamo indangahantu i. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

18

UMUTWE WA: 4

Imikino n‟imyidagaduro

Umubare w‟amasomo


24


- Gusesengura imyandiko ku guteza imbere imikino n‟imyidagaduro.

- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha utwatuzo (uturegeka, akanyerezo n‟udukubo) mu nteruro.

- Gusesengura indirimbo n‟imbyino gakondo agaragaza uturango twabyo mu nteruro.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda


Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:


zerekeye imikino

gakondo: Imikino

gakondo


zitarenze ebyiri);




- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise;



bakazisoma bakanazandika.


byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;


byavuzwe mu mwandiko;


busanzwe. (Urugero: Mu gihe abantu bafashe umwanya wo

kuruhuka barangije imirimo yabo bashobora gukora iki?)

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

usomwa cy‟umwaka

wa kane w‟amashuri

abanza kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- Amakarita

yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura umwandiko

n‟imbyino n‟indirimbo

gakondo.

Ubushobozi bwo

guhanga umwandiko

yitaye ku ngingo

yahawe.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha uko bikwiye

amagambo yungutse

n‟akanyerezo

n‟uturegeka.

Ubushobozi bwo

kuririmba injyana

y‟imbyino n‟indirimbo

gakondo.

2 Utwatuzo: Akanyerezo - Gukora ikiganiro kigufi hagati y‟abanyeshuri babiribabiri;

- Kwandika ikiganiro bakoze;

- Gusangizanya ibyo banditse banakosorana.

- Amakayi

- Amakaramu

- Igazeti ya Leta

ikubiyemo

http://www.reb.rw/

19

amabwiriza ya

Minisitiri n0

001/14/2014 yo ku

wa 08/10/2014

agenga imyandikire

y‟Ikinyarwanda

3 Impuzashusho - Gusoma interuro zirimo amagambo y‟impuzashusho zanditse

ku rupapuro bitegereza amagambo yanditse kimwe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda berekana itandukaniro riri hagati y‟ayo

magambo y‟impuzashusho.

-Impapuro

zanditseho interuro

zirimo amagambo

y‟impuzashusho

4 Imvugwakimwe - Gusoma interuro ebyirebyiri zirimo amagambo

y‟imvugwakimwe zanditse ku rupapuro bitegereza amagambo

yanditse kimwe.

- Gukorera mu matsinda berekana itandukaniro riri hagati y‟ayo

magambo y‟imvugwakimwe.

-Impapuro

zanditseho interuro

ebyirebyiri zirimo

amagambo

y‟imvugwakimwe

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda, akabasaba kuganira ku byo abantu bakora mu mwanya wo

kuruhuka. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.

- Mu gihe umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusoma, agenda agenzura aho bagaragaza intege nke,

abatega amatwi, abashishikariza gukomeza (urugero, ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho,

ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero rwiza rwo gusoma umwandiko cyangwa

agakoresha amajwi yafashwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu gusoma uwo mwandiko, yarifashe amajwi cyangwa

agafata ay‟umwarimu bigishanya iryo somo akoresheje terefoni).

- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanye n‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu

mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri babiribabiri bakora ikiganiro kigufi hagati, ibyo banditse n‟uko bakosorana,

akagenda abunganira aho biri ngombwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri basoma interuro zirimo amagambo y‟impuzashusho n‟uko batahura

20

ibiranga impuzashusho. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuzamura ubushobozi ku mpuzashusho ni na bwo bwakoreshwa mu kuzamura ubushobozi

ku mvugwakimwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Igihembwe cya gatatu

UMUTWE WA 5:

Kubana neza n‟abandi

Umubare

w‟amasomo(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no guteza imbere imibanire myiza n‟abandi agaragaza amazina bwite n‟amazina rusange,

imikoreshereze y‟inyuguti nkuru.

- Gusesengura inteko z‟amazina rusange no gukora ihinamwandiko.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

14

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

gufashanya no gutabarana:

Ibintu ni magirirane


zitarenze ebyiri);




- Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise ;



bakazisoma bakanazandika;


(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma.


byavuzwe mu mwandiko.


(Urugero: Abantu babanye neza barangwa n‟iki?)

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

usomwa cy‟umwaka

wa kane w‟amashuri

abanza kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- Amakarita

yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanura byayo

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko.

Ubushobozi bwo

guhina umwandiko.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha uko

bikwiye izina bwite

n‟izina rusange

n‟imikoreshereze

y‟inyuguti nkuru mu

nteruro no mu

myandiko.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha uko

http://www.reb.rw/

21

2 Imikoreshereze y‟inyuguti

nkuru mu mazina

- Gukosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo

imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru ku mazina.

- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu

hari amazina amwe bakoreshejemo inyuguti nkuru andi inyuguti

nto.

- Amakarita

yanditseho interuro

zirimo amazina

bikwiye inteko

z‟amazina.

3 Inteko z‟amazina rusange - Gushyira hamwe amagambo ahuje inteko mu yo bahawe ku

makarita.

- Gukora interuro zirimo amagambo ahuje inteko bubahiriza

isanisha.

- Guhuza ibice by‟interuro bakurikije isanisha rishingiye ku nteko.

- Amakarita

yanditseho

amagambo

- Amakarita

yanditseho ibice

by‟interuro bahuza

4 Ihinamwandiko - Gusomera mu matsinda mato umwandiko bahawe

- Kugaragaza ingingo (ibitekerezo) z‟ingenzi z‟umwandiko

- Kwandika umwandiko uhinnye bakoresheje izo ngingo z‟ingenzi

bagaragaje bubahiriza uburebure bw‟inshamake basabwe.

- Umwandiko uri mu

gitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

cy‟umwaka wa kane

w‟amashuri abanza

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB

www.reb.rw

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kujya mu matsinda, akabasaba kuganira ku buryo bumva bakemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo. Ashobora no

kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.






atatu).

Isomo rya 2

Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru ku mazina, umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa

22

kigera ku ntego yacyo. Azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu hari amazina amwe n‟amwe

bakoreshejemo inyuguti nkuru. Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

Umwarimu aha abanyeshuri amakarita yanditseho amagambo yo mu nteko zinyuranye akabasaba gushyira hamwe ahuje inteko, barangiza

bakayakoresha mu nteruro bubahiriza isanisha.

Akurikirana kandi uko abanyeshuri bahuza ibice by‟interuro bakurikije isanisha rishingiye ku nteko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusomera mu matsinda mato umwandiko bahawe inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.

- Abasaba kandi kugaragaza ingingo (ibitekerezo) z‟ingenzi z‟umwandiko, hanyuma bakandika umwandiko uhinnye bakoresheje izo ngingo z‟ingenzi

bagaragaje bubahiriza uburebure bw‟inshamake basabwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

UMUTWE WA 6:

Gukunda no kwitabira umurimo

Umubare

w‟amasomo(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gukunda no kwitabira umurimo bigaragara mu mwandiko.

- Gusesengura amazina rusange mbonera agaragaza uturemajambo n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi ajyanye n‟inyajwi

- Gusesengura ikinamico no gukoresha mu nteruro udukubo n‟udusodeko.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

12

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi

Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu

isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko ku

gukora umurimo:

Umuhinzi n‟abana be


zitarenze ebyiri)









- Igitabo kirimo

umwandiko usomwa

kiboneka ku rubuga rwa

REB www.reb.rw


interuro ziburamo ijambo.

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanura byayo.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura ikinamico

no gusoma no

kwandika yubahiriza

utwatuzo n‟iyitsa.

Ubushobozi bwo

guhanga umwandiko

yitaye ku ngingo

yahawe.

Ubushobozi bwo

http://www.reb.rw/

23

(bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;




(Urugero: Sobanura impamvu buri muntu wese akwiye kwitabira

umurimo).

gusesengura amazina

rusange agaragaza

uteremajambo

n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi ajyanye

n‟inyajwi

2

Utwatuzo: Udusodeko - Gusomera mu matsinda igika bahawe batahuramo udusodeko

mu twatuzo twakoreshejwe mu nteruro;

- Gusobanura aho udusodeko dukoreshwa mu nteruro;

- Gukosora interuro zirimo udusodeko;

- Impapuro zanditseho

igika kigaragaramo

utwatuzo harimo

n‟udusodeko.



001/14/2014 yo ku wa

08/10/2014 agenga

imyandikire

y‟Ikinyarwanda

3 Uturemajambo

tw‟amazina rusange

mbonera n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi ajyanye

n‟inyajwi.

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza uturemajambo twanditse ku

mifuniko y‟amacupa y‟ibinyobwa nk‟amazi, inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi

cyangwa amakarita bagakora ijambo;

- Guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina

mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye.

- Imifuniko y‟amacupa

y‟ibinyobwa nk‟amazi,

inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi

cyangwa amakarita

yanditseho uturemajambo

tw‟amagambo anyuranye

4

Ikinamico - Gukina agakino k‟ikiganiro hagati y‟abantu barenze babiri mu

buryo bw‟ikinamico.

- Kuganira mu matsinda ku byaranze ako gakinamico.

- Ibitabo binyuranye

bigaragaramo uturango

tw‟ikinamico. Urugero:

- Umwaka wa kane

w‟amashuri abanza.

- Umwaka wa gatatu

w‟amashuri yisumbuye.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

24

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga ku ngaruka z‟ubunebwe no ku byiza byo gukunda umurimo. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko

biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.

- Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.






atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gusomera mu matsinda igika bahawe batahuramo udusodeko mu twatuzo twakoreshejwe mu

nteruro.

- Akurikirana uko basobanura aho udusodeko dukoreshwa mu nteruro, akanakurikirana uko bakosora interuro zirimo udusodeko anabafasha aho biri

ngombwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu ategura imifuniko y‟amacupa y‟ibinyobwa nk‟inzoga, fanta n‟ibindi cyangwa amakarita yanditse uturemajambo tw‟amagambo anyuranye,

akayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza uturemajambo bagakora amazina mbonera bagakora amagambo.

- Ayobora kandi igikorwa cyo guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye. (Iki

kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri bakina agakinamico n‟uko baganira mu matsinda ku biranga ikinamico. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

25

Ibyigwa bya gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu mwaka wa gatanu

Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa gatanu

Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatanu agomba kuba ashobora:

Kumva ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe no kubisobanukirwa;

Kuvuga ashize amanga kandi ashyiramo isesekaza;

Gusoma uko bikwiye, bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi;

Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye;

Kwandika no guhanga yubahiriza inyurabwenge n'imyandikire yemewe;


Igihembwe cya mbere

UMUTWE WA 1:

Kwimakaza indangagaciro nyarwanda

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kubungabunga umuco n‟indagagaciro nyarwanda.

- Gusesengura igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda agaragaza uturango twacyo no kunoza imvugo akoresha neza amagambo

yabugenewe ku nka, ku mata, ku gisabo no guhina umwandiko.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi) :

16

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

gukunda igihugu:

Dukunda Igihugu cyacu

- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko;

- Gusoma bucece;

- Gusoma umwandiko bubahiriza utwatuzo basimburana;

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko;

- Guhuza amakarita ariho amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo (bari

mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;



bakazisoma bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- Amashusho ajyanye

n‟umwandiko.

- Amakarita

- Ubushobozi bwo

gusoma, kumva no

gusesengura

umwandiko yasomye.

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura mu

buryo buboneye

igitekereo cyo muri

rubanda agaragaza

http://www.reb.rw/

26

- Gukoresha mu nteruro yihimbiye amagambo yungutse;



- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko bijyanye n‟ubuzima busanzwe;

- Gushaka izindi ndangagaciro nyarwanda zigaragaza umuntu ukunda

igihugu.

yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo

-Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo

uturango twacyo.

- Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha uko

bikwiye amagambo

ajyanye

n‟ikeshamvugo ku

nka, ku mata no ku

gisabo

2

Ingingo z‟ingenzi zigize

umwandiko

n‟ihinamwandiko

- Gusubiza ibibazo bahawe bibafasha kuvumbura ingingo z‟ingenzi

zigize umwandiko;

- Gutondeka ingingo z‟ingenzi zigize umwandiko mu buryo bw‟

inyurabwenge ku buryo bahina umwandiko bakawandika mu makayi

yabo.

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

cyangwa impapuro

ziriho umwandiko.

-Ikibaho cyangwa

impapuro zanditseho

ibibazo

3 Igitekerezo cyo muri

rubanda: inshoza

n‟uturango

- Gusubiza ibibazo mu matsinda bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturango

by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda bahereye ku mwandiko bamaze

gusoma;

- Kwandika inshoza n‟uturango by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda.

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB

www.reb.rw

Impapuro cyangwa

ikibaho biriho

ibibazo.

4 Amagambo yabugenewe

ku nka, ku mata no ku

gisabo

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amagambo yabugenewe ku

nka, ku mata no ku gisabo aho yakoreshejwe mu mwandiko bahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagahuza imvugo iboneye n‟igisobanuro

cyayo bakoresheje amakarita yanditseho amagambo yabugenewe

n‟andi yanditseho ibisobanuro byayo;

- Gukosora interuro basimbuza imvugo idakwiye imvugo yabugenewe.

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB

www.reb.rw ,

- impapuro, ikibaho

n‟ingwa.

- Amakarita

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

27

yanditseho

amagambo

yabugenewe n‟andi

yanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo.

-Impapuro

zanditseho interuro

zikoreshejwemo

imvugo idakwiye

n‟izanditseho imvugo

yabugenewe.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko, akabasaba gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba

abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda

basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.

- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu akoresha imyitozo inyuranye y‟inyunguramagambo.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe. (Iki kigwa

kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, buri tsinda akarigenera igika risoma n‟ikibazo kirifasha gutahura ingingo y‟ingenzi ikubiye mu gika

ryasomye. Asaba buri tsinda kwandika ingingo y‟ingenzi babonye mu gika basomye.

- Umwarimu asaba umwe mu buri tsinda kujya kwandika ku kibaho ingingo y‟ingenzi babonye bakurikiranya neza ibitekerezo bagahina umwandiko.

Umwarimu yibutsa abanyeshuri ko uhina umwandiko akoresha ingingo z‟ingenzi zawuvuzwemo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).

Isomo rya 3

Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato, akabaha ibibazo bibafasha gutahura inshoza n‟uturango by‟igitekerezo cyo muri rubanda basomye

hanyuma akabasaba kubyandika mu makayi yabo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).

Isomo rya 4

-Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba gutahura mu mwandiko imvugo yabugenewe ikoreshwa ku nka, ku mata no ku gisabo.

-Umwarimu akora amatsinda abiri rimwe akariha amagambo yabugenewe, irindi akariha ibisobanuro byayo hanyuma akabasaba gusoma no guhuza

amagambo yabugenewe n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

28

Ikitonderwa:






- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri


UMUTWE WA 2:

Kwimakaza uburenganzira bwa muntu

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza uburenganzira bwa muntu.

- Gusesengura inkuru ishushanyije no kugaragaza ibiyiranga no kwandika neza amagambo akatwa: na, nka na nyiri.

- Gutahura no gukoresha indango ihakana n‟iyemeza n‟amarangamutima n‟inyigana.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

14

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku kwimakaza

uburenganzira bwa muntu:

Uburenganzira bw‟umwana

- Gukina agakino k‟ivumburamatsiko;

- Gusoma bucece no gusubiza ibibazo bigaragaza ko yasomye;

- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda

bashakisha ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza

ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;


- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu

yo bahawe ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro

zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;


byayo (bari mu matsinda mato), bakabisoma;

-Igitabo cy‟umwarimu.

- Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko


REB www.reb.rw

- impapuro ziriho

umwandiko.


interuro ziburamo

ijambo

-Amakarita ariho

-Ubushobozi bwo

guhimba interuro

akoresha neza

indango yemeza

n‟indango ihakana.

- Ubushobozi bwo

guhimba interuro

akata uko bikwiye na,

nka na nyiri.

- Ubushobozi bwo

guhimba interuro

http://www.reb.rw/

29


busanzwe;

- Kungurana ibitekerezo ku bundi burenganzira bw‟abana.

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo

zirimo

amarangamutima

n‟inyigana

bikoreshejwe uko

bikwiye.

2 Indango ihakana n‟indango

yemeza

-Gutandukanya indango yemeza n‟indango ihakana ahereye ku

nteruro yahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagasoma interuro,

bakavuga indango yakoreshejwe hanyuma bakayihindura

iyemeza cyangwa ihakana bakurikije iyo babonye.

Impapuro zanditseho

interuro, Ikibaho.

3 Amagambo akatwa: na, nka

na nyiri

- Gukoresha mu nteruro bihimbiye na, nka na nyiri imbere

y‟amagambo atangiwe n‟inyajwi;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakosora amakosa y‟imyandikire

mu nteruro bahawe.

Impapuro zanditseho

interuro, ikibaho.

4

Amarangamutima n‟inyigana - Kuvuga amarangamutima cyangwa inyigana bakurikije ikibazo

bahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amarangamutima

mu nteruro bahawe no kuvuga imiterere n‟umumaro wayo;

- Gusoma agace k‟umwandiko bagatahura inyigana zirimo

bakavuga n‟imitere yazo.

Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri


REB www.reb.rw

- impapuro zanditseho

interuro, ikibaho.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba itsinda ry‟abanyeshuri kujya imbere ya bagenzi babo bagakina agakino kagufi kagaragaza kutubahiriza uburenganzira bw‟umwana

(nko kutavuzwa, kutoherezwa ku ishuri…) hanyuma akababaza uburenganzira bw‟umwana butubahirijwe muri ako gakino. Umwarimu asaba

abanyeshuri gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero

hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.

- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo.



Isomo rya 2

Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura indango yemeza n‟ihakana mu nteruro bahawe, akabakoresha imyitozo

http://www.reb.rw/

30

inyuranye ituma basobanukirwa n‟imikoreshereze y‟indango yemeza n‟ihakana. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 3

Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura imikoreshereze y‟amagambo na, nka na nyiri imbere y‟amagambo atangiwe

n‟inyajwi. Umwarimu kandi akoresha abanyeshuri imyitozo inyuranye yo gukosora interuro. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo akayobora abanyeshuri, bakabasha gutahura ko amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro yabahaye ari

amarangamutima.

- Umwarimu yifashisha ibibazo akayobora abanyeshuri, bakabasha gutahura ko amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu mwandiko bahawe ari inyigana. (Iki

kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).


UMUTWE WA: 3

Gufata neza ibidukikije

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gufata neza ibidukikije.

- Kwandika inshinga akoresha ingiro nkora n‟ingiro ntega.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda


Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


Imfashanyigisho Ibigenderwaho mu

isuzuma:

1 Inkuru ngufi ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

gufata neza ibidukikije:

Ibidukikije

- Kuririmba akaririmbo kavuga ku bidukikije;


- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato;

- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye;

- Gusubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;


- Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe

ribura bashatse mu rindi tsinda rifite interuro zituzuye, bakazisoma

bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;

- Guhuza amakarita ariho ijambo n‟imbusane yaryo amakarita ariho

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- amakarita ariho

amagambo n‟

impapuro ziriho

interuro.

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umyandiko ijyanye

no gufata neza

ibidukikije.

- Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha neza ingiro

nkora n‟ingiro ntega

http://www.reb.rw/

31

cyangwa ijambo n‟impuzanyito yaryo. (bari mu matsinda mato),

bakabisoma bakanabyandika.


- Kungurana ibitekerezo ku ngaruka ziterwa no kwangiza ibidukikije mu

matsinda mato.

2 Ingiro nkora n‟ingiro

ntega

- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagasoma interuro bahawe

hanyuma bakavangura interuro bakurikije ko ruhamwa ariwe ukora

igikorwa cyangwa akorerwaho igikorwa;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatombora udupapuro turiho interuro,

bagatahura ingiro y‟inshinga iciyeho akarongo hanyuma bagahindura

ingiro;

- Gukora mu matsinda imyitozo yo kuzurisha interuro ingiro nkora

cyangwa ingiro ntega.

Impapuro ziriho

interuro

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuririmba akaririmbo ku bidukikije cyangwa akakabumvisha (urugero: Rwanda nziza …) hanyuma akababaza ibidukikije

byavuzwemo. Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi

akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana bandika

n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.

- Yifashishije amakarita yanditseho amagambo n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo, umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo.



Isomo rya 2

Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabayobora bagakora imyitozo inyuranye ibafasha gutahura ingiro nkora n‟ingiro ntega mu nteruro

bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri)

32

UMUTWE WA: 4

Kuboneza ubuzima bw‟imyororokere

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye n‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere;

- Gusesengura izina rusange mbonera, gusesengura ntera, izina ntera n‟igisantera no kubikoresha mu nteruro no kunoza

imyandikire.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

12

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

kuboneza ubuzima:

kwirinda abadushora

mu mibonano

mpuzabitsina


- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda bashakisha

ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza ibibazo byo kumva

umwandiko;




bakanazandika bubahiriza utwatuzo;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibyo basomye bakabihuza

n‟ubuzima busanzwe.

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

- impapuro ziriho

amagambo n‟iziriho

ibisobanuro

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

imyandiko ijyanye

n‟ubuzima

bw‟imyororokere.

-Ubushobozi bwo

guhimba interuro

akoresha neza ntera,

izina ntera

n‟igisantera.

-Ubushobozi bwo

kwandika mu buryo

buboneye interuro

zirimo amagambo

y‟ahantu.

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura amazina

2 Uturemjambo

tw‟amazina rusange

mbonera arimo

amategeko y‟igenajwi

ajyanye n‟ingombajwi.

- Gusomera mu matsinda interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;

- Guca akarongo ku mazina rusange;

- Gushaka intego no kuyigereranye n‟imvugo;

- Kugaragaza amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe;

- Gusesengura amazina batomboye bagaragaze intego n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe (mu matsinda ya babiribabiri)

Impapuro ziriho

interuro

3 Ntera - Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro (bari mu matsinda mato), guca

akarongo kuri ntera bazisesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe;

Impapuro ziriho

interuro

http://www.reb.rw/

33

- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro yihimbiye irimo ntera no kuyicaho

akarongo;

- Kugaragaza ntego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe muri iyo

ntera.

rusange mbonera

agaragaza neza

uturemajambo

n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi.

4 Izina ntera - Gusomera mu matsinda mato interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;

- Guca akarongo ku mazina ntera;

- Kuyasesengura bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi

yakoreshejwe;

- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro irimo izina ntera no kuyicaho akarongo;

- Kugaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe muri iryo

zina ntera;

- Kuvuga niba amagambo aciyeho akarongo ari ntera cyangwa ari

izinantera bavuge n‟impamvu (mu matsinda mato).

Impapuro ziriho

interuro

5 Igisantera - Gusoma akandiko bahawe;

- Gusubize ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturango by‟igisantera;

- Gutanga urugero rw‟interuro irimo igisantera no guca akarongo ku

bisantera (mu matsinda ya babiribabiri);

- Gushaka mu kandiko bahawe ibisantera birimo.

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri,

igitabo cy‟umwarimu

umwaka wa gatanu

biboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

6 Imyandikire

y‟amagambo aranga

ahantu

- Gutega amatwi interuro zirimo amagambo aranga ahantu;

- Gukora ibikorwa umwarimu ababwiye bijyanye n‟ayo magambo

(Urugero: Abanyeshuri bicaye imbere bahaguruke,...);

- Kwandika izo nteruro mu makayi yabo;

- Guca akarongo ku ijambo riranga ahantu riri muri iyo nteruro;

- Gutahura imiterere y‟amagambo aranga ahantu aciyeho akarongo;

- Guhimba interuro irimo ijambo riranga ahantu.

- Gusoma akandiko bakosora imyandikire y‟amagambo aranga ahantu..

Igitabo cy‟umwarimu

umwaka wa gatanu

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

Uburyo bukoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

34

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.

Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika

bagenda basimburana hanyuma bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, agaha itsinda rimwe amakarita ariho amagambo, irindi tsinda rigafata amakarita ariho ibisobanuro

akabasaba guhuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bagasubiza ibibazo bibafasha gusesengura umwandiko no kuwuhuza n‟ubuzima busanzwe.

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu agabanya amatsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, agasaba amatsinda guca akarongo ku mazina rusange mbonera, akabayobora

bakayasesengura bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

- Umwarimu arasaba amatsinda ya babiribabiri gushaka intego n‟amategeko y‟amazina rusange mbonera ari ku dupapuro batomboye.

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ahe buri tsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, abasabe kuzisoma no guca akarongo kuri ntera, hanyuma

abayobore bazisesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, ahe buri tsinda impapuro ziriho interuro, abasabe kuzisoma no guca akarongo ku mazinantera,

hanyuma abayobore bayasesengure bagaragaza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi.

- Umwarimu arasaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri, bahimbe interuro zabo bwite zirimo amazina ntera banagaragaze intego

n‟amategeko byayo.

-Umwarimu arayobora abanyeshuri bakore umwitozo wo gutandukanya ntera n‟amazina ntera. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 5

- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, abasabe gusoma akandiko, abayobore basubize ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza n‟uturngo

by‟igisantera.

- Umwarimu arasaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri, bahimbe interuro zabo bwite zirimo ibisantera.

- Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, abayobore bakore umwitozo wo gushaka ibisantera mu kandikobahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo

rimwe).

Isomo rya 6

Umwarimu arashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda abasabe kugaragaza amagambo aranga ahantu yakoreshejwe mu nteruro bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe

amasomo abiri).

35


UMUTWE WA 5:

Kwimakaza imiyoborere myiza

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza imiyoborere myiza.

- Gukoresha mu nteruro ibinyazina ngenga n‟ibinyazina nyereka, ibihe n‟amezi bya Kinyarwanda.

Umubare w‟amasaha

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

8

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

kwimakaza

imiyoborere myiza:

Gufatira ibyemezo

hamwe

- Gusubiza ibibazo no gutanga ibitekerezo bagafatira ikemezo hamwe no

gutahura umutwe w‟umwandiko ugiye kwigwa;


- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato;

- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye;

- Gusubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakora interuro irimo amagambo ari ku

gapapuro batomboye;.

- Kujya impaka ku ngingo yo gufatira ibyemezo hamwe.

Igitabo

cy‟umwarimu.,

n‟igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo umwandiko

usomwa biboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw , -

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko mu

kwimakaza

imiyoborere myiza.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha neza ibihe

n‟amezi ya

Kinyarwanda mu

mvugo no mu

nyandiko.

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha neza

ibinyazina nyereka no

kubitahura mu

nteruro.

2 Ikinyazina nyereka:

amoko y‟ibinyazina

nyereka.

- Gukorera mu matsinda interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka bahawe ku

dupapuro bakazandika mu makayi yabo no ku kibaho;

- Guca akarongo ku binyazina nyereka bahawe;

- Gutahura ubwoko bw‟icyo kinyazina hakurikijwe ikivugwa aho

giherereye no kugishyira mu matsinda;

- Guhimba interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka.

-Igitabo cy‟umwarimu

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

-Impapuro ziriho

ibinyazina nyereka

3 Ibihe n‟amezi bya

kinyarwanda.

- Gusubiza ibibazo bituma batahura ibihe n‟amezi bya kinyarwanda;

- Gukorera mu matsinda imyitozo yo guhuza amasaha asanzwe

n‟amasaha ya kinyarwanda;

- Guhimba interuro zirimo amezi ya kinyarwanda.

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

n‟igitabo

cy‟umwarimu

biboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

36

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gufatira hamwe ikemezo ku ngingo runaka yahisemo ko baganiraho (urugero: uko isuku yakorwa mu ishuri). Umwarimu

kandi ayobora abanyeshuri bagatahura umutwe w‟umwandiko bagiye kwiga (Gufatira ibyemezo hamwe)

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.

Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika

bagenda basimburana hanyuma bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo batomboye ku dupapuro.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo yo gufatira ibyemezo hamwe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda agaha buri tsinda agapapuro kariho ibinyazina nyereka, akabasaba gukora interuro zirimo ibyo binyazina

bakabicaho akarongo, buri tsinda rikandika ku kibaho interuro ryabonye, rigaca akarongo ku kinyazina ryahawe.

- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura amoko y‟ibinyazina nyereka, akanabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo ibinyazina nyereka. (Iki


Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu abaza ibibazo bituma abanyeshuri batahura ibihe n‟amezi bya kinyarwanda.

- Umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri bagakorera mu matsinda umwitozo wo guhuza amasaha asanzwe n‟amasaha ya kinyarwanda, akanabasaba guhimba

interuro zirimo amezi ya kinyarwanda. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

UMUTWE

WA 6:

Umuco w‟amahoro

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kwimakaza umuco w‟amahoro;

- Gukoresha mu nteruro ikinyazina ngenera, ngenga na ndafutura no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo aranga igihe n‟ibaruwa

yubahiriza imiterere yayo.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

10

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko

- Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibikubiye mu mwandiko bagiye

kwiga;

Igitabo

cy‟umwarimu

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

37

yerekeranye no

gukemura

amakimbirane: Umwana

n‟ingona


- Gusomera umwandiko mu matsinda mato bagenda bashakisha

ibisobanuro by‟amagambo akomeye kandi basubiza ibibazo byo kumva

umwandiko;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagakora interuro irimo amagambo ari ku

gapapuro batomboye;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza amagambo n‟ibisobanuro byayo;

- Kujya impaka ku ngingo ijyanye no gukemura amakimbirane.

n‟icy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo

umwandiko

usomwa biboneka

ku rubuga rwa

REB www.reb.rw,

imyandiko ijyanye no

kwimakaza umuco

w‟amahoro

-Ubushobozi bwo

kwandika nta kosa

amagambo aranga

igihe.

-Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura bwo

gusesengura

ibinyazina byizwe

agaragaza

uturemajambo

n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi.

-Ubushobozi

bwokwandika

ibaruwa isanzwe.

2 Ikinyazina ngenga -Kwitegereza amagambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro bahawe

bagatahura ikinyazina ngenga;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakagaragaza ibinyazina ngenga bakurikije inteko

bahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda ya babiribabiri bagakora interuro zirimo

ibinyazina ngenga;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bakuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibinyazina

ngenga.

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

3 Ibaruwa isanzwe. - Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa isanzwe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa isanzwe, bagatahura ibice

biyigize;

- Kwandika ibaruwa isanzwe bubahiriza imiterere yayo.

Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

4 Imyandikire

y‟amagambo aranga

igihe.

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatahura amagambo aranga igihe mu nteruro

bahawe ku mpapuro;

- Guhimba interuro irimo ijambo riranga igihe no kuyisomera mugenzi

we. (Mu matsinda ya babiribabiri)

Impapuro ziriho

interuro

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu kandi ayobora abanyeshuri bagatahura ibikubiye mu mwandiko bagiye gusoma.

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gusoma bucece bagenda bashaka amagambo badasobanukiwe hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye.

Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero.

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

38

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana banashakishiriza hamwe ibisobanuro

by‟amagambo akomeye kandi bagasubiza ibibazo byo kumva umwandiko.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo batomboye ku dupapuro.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo ijyanye no gukemura amakimbirane. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku magambo aciyeho akarongo mu nteruro basomye, akabayobora bagatahura ikinyazina ngenga.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakandika ibinyazina ngenga bakurikije inteko bahawe, hanyuma bakabyandika ku kibaho buzuza

imbonerahamwe.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibinyazina ngenga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura ibaruwa isanzwe.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gusoma ibaruwa isanzwe bagenda batahura ibice biyigize.

- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa yubahiriza imiterere yayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gutahura amagambo aranga igihe mu nteruro bahawe bakayacaho akarongo.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda ya babiribabiri akabasaba guhimba interuro zirimo amagambo aranga igihe bakazisomera bagenzi babo.

(Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

39

Ibyigwa bya gahunda nzamurabushobozi mu mwaka wa gatandatu

Ubushobozi bugamijwe nyuma y‟umwaka wa gatandatu

Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatandatu agomba kuba ashobora:

Gusobanura ibyo yasomye, yasomewe cyangwa yabwiwe;

Kumvikanisha mu ruhame igitekerezo ke;

Kwisomera no gusomera abandi imyandiko iri mu Kinyarwanda;

Kugeza ku bandi ibitekerezo bye mu nyandiko ikwiye;

Kwisesengurira umwandiko;

Gukora inyandiko zisanzwe zo mu buzima busanzwe;

Kwandika no guhanga yubahiriza inyurabwenge n'imyandikire yemewe;


Igihembwe cya mbere

UMUTWE WA 1:

Umuco nyarwanda

Umubare

w‟amasomo (mu

nteganyanyigisho):

24


- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda.

- Gusobanura ikinyazina ngenera, ngenga n‟ikinyazina mpamagazi.

- Kwandika imvugo yabugenewe ku isekuru, ku ngobyi no ku rusyo,

- Guhanga inyandiko y‟ikinyamakuru no kwandika inyuguti nkuru ahabugenewe.

Umubare

w‟amasomo (muri

gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

17

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yo

gutarama mu rugo:

Utaganiriye na se

ntamenya icyo sekuru

yasize avuze


zitarenze ebyiri);


umwarimu akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo

umwarimu amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo…


-Igitabo kirimo umwandiko

usomwa kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw


ziburamo ijambo

-Amakarita ariho amagambo

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

imyandiko ijyanye

no kubungabunga

umuco nyarwanda.

Ubushobozi bwo

http://www.reb.rw/

40

yumvise;



zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika;


byayo bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);




busanzwe. (Urugero: Iyo mubonye umwanya wo gutarama

mu muryango wanyu muwukoramo iki?)

n‟ayanditseho ibisobanura

byayo

gusobanura

ikinyazina ngenera

ngenga

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha imvugo

yabugenewe ku

isekuru, ku ngobyi

no ku rusyo,

Ubushobozi bwo

guhanga inyandiko

y‟ikinyamakuru no

kwandika inyuguti

nkuru

ahabugenewe.

2

Ikinyazina ngenera

ngenga

- Gukoresha ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo

bakagenda bavuga ba nyirabyo;

- Guhuriza hamwe ikintu na nyiracyo, bakabivuga, maze

bakavuga impinduka zabaye mu mikoreshereze y‟amagambo

yageneraga ibintu ba nyirabyo.

- Bimwe mu bikoresho

bikoreshwa mu ishuri (amakayi,

amakaramu, ibitabo)

3 -Ikeshamvugo

(amagambo

yabugenewe) ku isekuru,

ku ngobyi. Ikeshamvugo

(amagambo

yabugenewe) ku rusyo.

Gutondeka amakarita yanditseho amazina y‟ibikoresho

bayahuza n‟ayanditseho amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo bijyanye

- Amakarita yanditseho amazina

y‟ibikoresho n‟ayanditseho

amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo

bijyanye

4 Imiterere y‟inkuru yo

mu kinyamakuru.

- Gukina umukino umwe ari umunyamakuru w‟ikinyamakuru

ashatse ageza kuri bagenzi be inkuru runaka (yaba inkuru

mpamo cyangwa mpimbano);

- Kubwirana ibiranga iyo nkuru bumvise.

-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri

kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

5

Imikoreshereze

y‟inyuguti nkuru


imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru;

- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana

impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.

- Amakarita yanditseho interuro.



001/14/2014 yo ku wa

http://www.reb.rw/

41


y‟Ikinyarwanda

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri banyuranye kugeza kuri bagenzi babo ibyo iwabo bakora mu mwanya wo gutarama. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo

by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.


gukomeza (urugero: ashobora nko kubwira umunyeshuri ati: “Yego, komereza aho, ongera usome neza urabishobora n‟ibindi”. Agenda atanga urugero




atatu).

Isomo rya 2

Umwarimu agenda asaba abanyeshuri kwerekana ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo akagenda abasaba kuvuga ba nyirabyo. Abayobora mu

kwibuka neza uko ikinyazina ngenera kiyunga na ngenga bikabyara ikinyazina ngenera ngenga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 3

Mu gihe batondeka amakarita yanditseho amazina y‟ibikoresho bayahuza n‟ayanditseho amagambo y‟ikeshamvugo bijyanye, umwarimu ababa hafi,

akagenda ashimira ababikoze neza, agashishikariza abatarabigeraho vuba kudacika intege. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 4

Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, agasaba abagize buri tsinda kugenda basimbura kuba abanyamakuru b‟ibinyamakuru bashatse, bakageza

kuri bagenzi babo inkuru runaka (yaba inkuru mpamo cyangwa mpimbano). Uko bakurikira inkuru zinyuranye, abasaba gukurikirana uturango tw‟inkuru

yo mu kinyamakuru (ikinyamakuru iyo nkuru yatangajwemo, itariki, aho yabereye, ibyavuzwemo, umunyamakuru wataye iyo nkuru n‟ibindi), hanyuma

akabasaba kwibukiranya ibiranga inkuru yo mu kinyamakuru. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 5

- Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imikoreshereze iboneye y‟inyuguti nkuru umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa kigera ku

ntego yacyo. Bitewe n‟uko iyi nyigisho ari ndende cyane, umwarimu agabanya ibi bikorwa mu byiciro akurikije igihe bigenewe.

- Umwarimu azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.

Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo ane).

Ikitonderwa:



42




- Nyuma ya buri byumweru bitatu , umwarimu azamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri, abaha isuzuma ryo kureba aho ubushobozi bwabo bugeze. Iri


UMUTWE

WA 2:

Ibidukikije

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye no gufata neza ibidukikije;

- Gusesengura ibiranga inshinga iri mu mbundo, ibiranga ikinyazina nyamubaro n‟inshoberamahanga.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

15

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko

ivuga ku migezi, inzuzi

n‟ibiyaga: Twakoze

urugendo shuri dusura

imigezi,

inzuzi n‟ibiyaga by‟u

Rwanda


zitarenze ebyiri);









bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);





kirimo umwandiko usomwa


REB www.reb.rw


interuro ziburamo ijambo

-Amakarita ariho

amagambo n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanura byayo

Ubushishozi bwo

gusesengura

imyandiko ijyanye no

gufata neza

ibidukikije.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

ikinyazina

nyamubaro.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura imbundo

no kuyikoresha mu

nteruro agaragaza

inshinga ziri mu

http://www.reb.rw/

43

(Urugero: Sobanura akamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije). mbundo

Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha

inshoberamahanaga

mu mvugo no mu

nyandiko.

2

Ikinyazina nyamubaro - Gukorera mu matsinda bakagenda basimburana kubara

ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo;

- Gusobanura uko babonye uturango tw‟ikinyazina nyamubaro.

- Bimwe mu bikoresho

bikoreshwa mu ishuri

(amakayi, amakaramu,

ibitabo) cyangwa ibindi

bikoresho binyuranye

nk‟uduti, utubuye n‟ibindi.

3 Inshoberamahanga - Gukorera mu matsinda bagahuza inshoberamahanga

n‟ibisobanuro byazo biri ku makarita atandukanye;

- Kubwirana inshoberamahanga mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.


inshoberamahanga

n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro

byayo

4

Itondaguranshinga:

Imbundo

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana ibikorwa binyuranye

bakora buri munsi bakabyandika;

- Kuvuga imbundo zigaragaza ibyo bikorwa.


n‟icy‟umwarimu

by‟umwaka wa gatandatu

w‟amashuri abanza

biboneka ku rubuga rwa

REB www.reb.rw

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuvuga ku ngamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku

nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.






atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu, ayobora igikorwa cy‟abanyeshuri cyo gukorera mu matsinda basimburana kubara ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo.

- Akurikirana uko babwirana inshoberamahanga mu matsinda ya babiribabiri. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 3

http://www.reb.rw/

44

- Umwarimu ategura amakarita yanditseho inshoberamahanga n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro byayo abanyeshuri basabwa guhuza.

- Ayobora kandi igikorwa cyo guhuza amakarita yanditseho uturemajambo tw‟amazina mbonera n‟ayanditseho amategeko y‟igenamajwi bijyanye. (Iki

kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri babwirana ibikorwa binyuranye bakora buri munsi bakabyandika.

- Akurikirana uko uvuga imbundo zigaragaza ibyo bikorwa. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).


UMUTWE WA 3:

Ubuzima bw‟imyororokere

Umubare

w‟amasomo (mu

nteganyanyigisho):

24


- Gusesengura umwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko y‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere;

- Gusesengura ikinyazina mbaza ikinyazina mboneranteko, insigamigani n‟indirimbo;

- Gukoresha mu nteruro cyangwa mu mwandiko ibihe bikuru by‟ishinga.

Umubare

w‟amasomo (muri

gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

17

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku ndwara

zandurira mu myanya

ndangagitsina n‟uburyo

bwo kuzirinda:

Ubuhamya bw‟umuntu

wanduye indwara

yandurira mu mibonano

mpuzabitsina

- Gusoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana (interuro zitarenze

ebyiri);

- Gushaka ibisobanuro by‟amagambo agendeye ku gikorwa umwarimu

akoze, ku bikoresho amweretse, ikibazo umwarimu amubajije kiganisha

ku gisubizo…




bakanazandika;



- Gushushanya amashusho bigana bimwe mu bikorwa bibuka byavuzwe

-Igitabo kirimo

umwandiko usomwa

kiboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

- Amakarita

yanditseho interuro

ziburamo ijambo

-Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanura byayo

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko ku

buzima

bw‟imyororokere.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

indirimbo no

guhanga uturirirmbo

two ku rwego rwe.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

http://www.reb.rw/

45

mu mwandiko;


(Urugero: Umuntu yakora iki mu rwego rwego kwirinda indwara

zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina?)

insigamigani.

Ubushobozi bwo

kubaka neza

interuro atondagura

inshinga mu bihe

bikuru byayo.

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

ibinyazina mbaza na

mboneranteko no

kubikoresha mu

nteruro.

2

Insigamigani - Gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana insigamigani baba bazi;

- Kwibukiranya ibiranga insigamigani.

-Igitabo cy‟umwaka

wa gatandatu

w‟amashuri abanza

n‟icy‟uwa gatatu

w‟amashuri

yisumbuye biboneka

ku rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

3 Itondaguranshinga: Ibihe

bikuru by‟inshinga

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakavangura interuro bakurikije ibihe bikuru

by‟inshinga zirimo;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagaragaza ibiranga ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga;

- Gukora interuro zirimo inshinga zitondaguye mu bihe bikuru

by‟inshinga no kuzisangizanya mu matsinda ya babiribabiri.

- Impapuro

zanditseho interuro

zirimo inshinga

zitondaguye mu bihe

bikuru by'inshinga

4 Ikinyazina mbaza - Gukorera mu matsinda bakagenda babazanya ibibazo; byerekeranye

n‟ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo;

- Kwandika amagambo bakoresheje babaza;

- Kwerekana ibinyazina mbaza muri ayo magambo abaza bakoresheje;

- Gukora interuro zabo bwite zikoreshejemo ikinyazina mbaza.

- Bimwe mu

bikoresho bikoreshwa

mu ishuri (amakayi,

amakaramu, ibitabo)

cyangwa ibindi

bikoresho binyuranye

nk‟uduti, utubuye

n‟ibindi.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuganira mu matsinda bakavuga ibyo bazi ku ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ashobora no kubaza

ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.



http://www.reb.rw/

46




atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bakabwirana insigamigani baba bazi.

- Abayobora na none mu kwibukiranya ibiranga insigamigani yifashishije igitabo cy‟umwaka wa gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza n‟icy‟uwa gatatu

w‟amashuri yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu akurikirana uko abanyeshuri bavangura interuro bakurikije ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga zirimo mu matsinda anyuranye.

-Akurikirana kandi igikorwa cyo kugaragaza ibiranga ibihe bikuru by‟inshinga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo rimwe).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda, bakagenda babazanya ibibazo byerekeranye n‟ibikoresho binyuranye bafite muri iryo somo.

- Abasaba kwandika amagambo bakoresheje babaza no kwerekana ibinyazina mbaza muri ayo magambo abaza bakoresheje. (Iki kigwa kigenewe isomo

rimwe).

Umwarimu yibutsa abanyeshuri ko hari amagambo abaza ashobora kwitiranywa n‟ibinyazina mbaza

Aha twavuga nka ryari? iki? nde?107

Ingero:

- Uwatanze ubuhamya avuga ko yanduye mburugu ryari?

- Ni nde wamwanduje iyo ndwara?

- Ni iki umuntu akwiye gukora ngoyirinde inwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina?

http://www.reb.rw/

47

UMUTWE WA 4:

Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye

Umubare

w‟amasomo(mu

nteganyanyigisho):

24


- Gusesengura umwandikoujyanye no kwimakaza uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye;

- Guhanga umwandiko; gutegura ibiganiro mpaka no kubiyobora, no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo y‟Ikinyarwanda.

Umubare

w‟amasomo (muri

gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

17

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko

y‟uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye:

Uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye mu

mirimo

yo mu rugo


zitarenze ebyiri);





yumvise;



zituzuye, bakazisoma bakanazandika;


byayo bakabisoma (bari mu matsinda mato);




busanzwe. (Urugero: Sobanura akamaro k‟ubufatanye hagati

y‟abagize umuryango mu mirimo yo mu rugo).

-Igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri kirimo

umwandiko usomwa kiboneka

ku rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw


interuro ziburamo ijambo

-Amakarita ariho amagambo

n‟ayanditseho ibisobanura

byayo

Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko ujyanye

no kwimakaza

uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye.

Ubushobozi bwo

guhanga guhanga

umwandiko

Ubushobozi bwo

kuyobora no kujya

impaka zubaka,

Ubushobozi bwo

kwandika neza

amagambo afatana

n‟atandukana mu

myandikire.

2

Ihimbamwandiko:

Inshoza, imbata

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko.

- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko


ibitekerezo byo gutondeka

http://www.reb.rw/

48

y‟umwandiko,

amabwiriza

y‟ihangamwandiko

bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru

- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza

amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko yahawe.

- Igitabo cy‟umwaka wa

gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza

n‟icy‟uwa gatatu w‟amashuri

yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga

rwa REB www.reb.rw

3 Ibiganiro mpaka:

Inshoza, amabwiriza.

- Kwandika kimwe mu biranga ikiganiro mpaka (ibikorwamo)

buri wese ku gace k‟urupapuro yahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibiranga ikiganiro

mpaka banditse kuri twa dupapuro banditseho;

- Gusimburana bakora ikiganiro mpaka ku nsanganyamatsiko

bahawe (zishobora kuba zitandukanye) bubahiriza ibiranga

ikiganiro mpaka.

- Uduce tw‟impapuro

twandikwaho ibiranga

ikiganiro mpaka

4 Imyandikire

y‟amagambo afatana

n‟amagambo adafatana.


imyandikire y‟amagambo afatana n‟adafatana.

- Gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana

impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.

Igazeti ya Leta ikubiyemo


001/14/2014 yo ku wa

08/10/2014 agenga

imyandikire y‟Ikinyarwanda


interuro ziriho amagambo

akeneye gukosorwa

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuganira mu matsinda bakavuga ibyo bazi ku ku buringanire n‟ubwuzuzanye bw‟abagize umuryango mu mirimo yo mu

rugo. Ashobora no kubaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko biganisha ku nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu mwandiko.





- Asaba abanyeshuri gushushanya amashusho anyuranye ajyanyen‟ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bumvise mu mwandiko. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo

atatu).

Isomo rya 2

http://www.reb.rw/

49

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko.

- Akurikirana uko batondeka ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru.

- Nanone akurikirana uko buri wese ahanga umwandiko ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko yihitiyemo

yifashishije igitabo cy‟umwaka wa gatandatu w‟amashuri abanza n‟icy‟uwa gatatu w‟amashuri yisumbuye biboneka ku rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw. (Iki


Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika kimwe mu biranga ikiganiro mpaka ku gace k‟urupapuro yahawe. Iyo bamaze kubyandika, bajya mu

matsinda bagahuriza hamwe ibyo banditse kuri twa dupapuro maze bakibukiranya ibiranga ikiganiro mpaka.

- Noneho akayobora igikorwa cyo gusimburana bakora ikiganiro mpaka ku nsanganyamatsiko bahawe (zishobora kuba zitandukanye) bubahiriza ibirang

ikiganiro mpaka. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

- Mu gihe bakosora interuro bahawe ku makarita batahuramo imyandikire y‟amagambo afatana n‟adafatana, umwarimu akurikirana ko iki gikorwa

kigera ku ntego yacyo. Bitewe n‟uko iyi nyigisho ari ndende cyane, umwarimu agabanya ibi bikorwa mu byiciro bibiri: ubwa mbere bagakora ku

magambo afatana, ubwa kabiri bagakora ku magambo adafatana.

- Azayobora kandi igikorwa cyo gusangizanya uko bakosoye interuro banasobanurirana impamvu bazikosoye muri ubwo buryo.

- Azanaboneraho gufasha abakigaragaza imbogamizi zo kubyumva. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).


UMUTWE WA 5 Gukorera mu mucyo

Umubare w‟amasomo

(mu



- Gusesengura umwandiko ku bijyanye no gukorera mu mucyo no gusesengura umuvugo;

- Kwandika umwirondoro n‟amatangazo.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda

nzamurabushobozi):

10

Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:


y‟ubunyangamugayo:

Kamuhanda na

- Gukina agakino ku ngingo y‟ubunyangamugayo no gukorera mu mucyo;


- Gusoma bucece;

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kirimo

- Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura

umwandiko ujyanye

http://www.reb.rw/

50

Katabirora

- Gusoma umwandiko bubahiriza utwatuzo basimburana no gusubiza

ibibazo ku mwandiko;



bakabisoma. (bari mu matsinda mato);

- Gukorera mu amatsinda bagatondeka amagambo bahawe ku dupapuro

bagakora interuro iboneye;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagashaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru;

- Gukina ibivugwa mu nkuru basomye bigana abanyarubuga

bayivugwamo;

umwandiko.

- Igitabo

cy‟umwarimu.

biboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo;

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo

n‟ayanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo

no gukorera mu

mucyo;

-Ubushobozi bwo

guhanga umuvugo no

guseruka mu ruhame

atondagura umuvugo;

- Ubushobozi bwo

kwandika

umwirondoro

n‟amatangazo

atandukanye.

2

Umwirondoro - Kuzuza umwirondoro uri ku kibaho cyangwa ku mpapuro yahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwirondoro.

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwirondoro bagatahura ibice by‟ingenzi biwugize.

- Kwandika umwirondoro we agendeye ku rugero yahawe ku kibaho.

- Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

impapuro zo

kuzuza,

-Ikibaho.

3 Ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi - Gusubiza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi.

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi , bagatahura

ibice biyigize.

- Kwandika ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi bubahiriza imiterere yayo.

- Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- impapuro ziriho

ibaruwa

y‟ubutegetsi.

- Ikibaho

4 Umuvugo

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakavuga imivugo bazi bubahiriza injyana;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma umuvugo bubahiriza injyana,

-Igitabo

cy‟umunyeshuri

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

http://www.reb.rw/

51

bagatahura ibiwuranga;

- Guhanga umuvugo ku ngingo yahawe yubahiriza ibiwuranga, kuwufata

mu mutwe no kuwuvugira mu ruhame yubahiriza isesekaza.

kiboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

, ikibaho n‟ingwa.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri batatu (urega, uregwa n‟ukemura ikibazo) bagakina agakino ku bunyangamugayo mu bibazo bibera mu ishuri, hanyuma

akababaza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko, akabasaba gusoma bucece akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko basomye. Umwarimu kandi asaba abanyeshuri

gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku gika bagenda basimburana

bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.


- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda akabasaba gushaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru, akabasaba no gukina ibivugwa mu nkuru bigana

abanyarubuga. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri kuzuza umwirondoro uri ku kibaho cyangwa ku mpapuro yabahaye.

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwirondoro akawubabazaho ibibazo,bagatahura ibice by‟ingenzi biwugize.

- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika umwirondoro we agendeye ku rugero yahawe mu gitabo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

-Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi, akabashyira mu matsinda bagasoma ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi , bagatahura

ibice biyigize.

- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa y‟ubutegetsi yubahiriza imiterere yayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 4

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato akabasaba kubwirana imivugo bazi bubahiriza injyana.

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda bagasoma umuvugo uri mu bitabo byabo bubahiriza injyana, bagatahura ibiwuranga.

- Umwarimu asaba buri munyeshuri guhanga umuvugo ku ngingo yahawe, yubahiriza ibiwuranga, kuwufata mu mutwe no kuwuvugira mu ruhame

yubahiriza isesekaza. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

http://www.reb.rw/

52

UMUTWE WA 6 Ubukerarugendo

Umubare w‟amasomo


24


- Gusesengura imyandiko mu bijyanye no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo;

- Kubara inkuru ku byo yabonye cyangwa yumvise, gukoresha amagambo yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma;

- Gukoresha amagambo ahinduka: icyungo n‟ingereka.

Umubare w‟amasomo

(muri gahunda


Amasomo ya gahunda

nzamurabushobozi


isuzuma:

1 Umwandiko werekeye

kuri pariki zo mu

Gihugu: Dusure Pariki

y‟Igihugu ya Nyungwe

- Gusubiza ibibazo ku mapariki y‟igihugu bazi;


- Gusoma bucece;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwandiko igika ku

gika, basimburana, bubahiriza utwatuzo. Gusahaka amagambo

akomeye bakayasobanura no gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko;




- Gukorera mu matsinda bagashaka irindi herezo ry‟inkuru.

- Kujya impaka ku ngingo zijyanye na pariki zo mu guhugu.


kirimo umwandiko

- Igitabo cy‟umwarimu. Ibyo

bitabo byombi biboneka ku

rubuga rwa REB www.reb.rw

- Amakarita ariho

amagambo;


n‟ayanditseho ibisobanuro

byayo

- Ubushobozi bwo

gusesengura umwandiko

ujyanye no guteza

imbere ubukerarugendo;

-Ubushobozi bwo

gukora inyandiko mvugo

yubahiriza ibice biyigize

n‟ibiba bikubiye muri

buri gice;

- Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha amagambo

yabugenewe ku mwami

no ku ngoma;

- Ubushobozi bwo

gukoresha icyungo

n‟ingereka mu

magambo, mu nteruro

no mu myandiko.

2

Ikeshamvugo ku

mwami no ku ngoma

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagatahura amagambo

yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma aho yakoreshejwe mu

mwandiko bahawe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagahuza imvugo iboneye

n‟igisobanuro cyayo bakoresheje amakarita yanditseho

amagambo yabugenewe n‟andi yanditseho ibisobanuro byayo.


cyangwa impapuro ziriho

umwandiko.

- Ikibaho cyangwa impapuro

zanditseho amagambo

yabubgenewe n‟izanditseho

ibisobanuro byayo.

http://www.reb.rw/

53

3 Ubwoko

bw‟amagambo

adahinduka: icyungo,

- Gukorera mu matsinda mato bagasoma akandiko bagasubiza

ibibazo bituma batahura ubwoko bw‟amagambo adahinduka

yakoreshejwemo;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bagatahura inshoza y‟icyungo no

gutahura amoko y‟ibyungo bakurikije umumaro wabyo mu

nteruro;

- Gukora umwitozo wo kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibyungo

bahawe.


kiboneka ku rubuga rwa REB

www.reb.rw

- impapuro, ikibaho n‟ingwa.

Uburyo bwakoreshwa:

Isomo rya 1

- Umwarimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo ku mapariki y‟Igihugu bazi, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko bucece hanyuma akababaza ibibazo byo kureba ko

basomye. Asaba abanyeshuri gutega amatwi akabasomera by‟intangarugero hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda, akabasaba gusoma umwandiko igika ku

gika bagenda basimburana bandika n‟amagambo badasobanukiwe.


- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda bakajya impaka ku ngingo yerekeye amapariki yo mu gihugu. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo atatu).

Isomo rya 2

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato bagasoma umwandiko bagatahuramo amagambo yabugenewe ku mwami no ku ngoma.

- Umwarimu akora amatsinda abiri rimwe akariha amagambo yabugenewe, irindi akariha ibisobanuro byayo hanyuma akabasaba gusoma no guhuza

amagambo yabugenewe n‟ibisobanuro byayo. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

Isomo rya 3

- Umwarimu ashyira abanyeshuri mu matsinda mato, bagasoma akandiko, akababaza ibibazo bibafasha gutahura ubwoko bw‟amagambo adahinduka

yakoreshejwemo.

- Umwrimu abaza abanyeshuri ibibazo bituma batahura inshoza y‟icyungo hanyuma akabashyira mu matsinda bagatahura amoko y‟ibyungo bakurikije

umumaro wabyo mu nteruro.

- Umwarimu asaba abanyeshuri gukorera mu matsinda umwitozo wo kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ibyungo bahawe. (Iki kigwa kigenewe amasomo abiri).

http://www.reb.rw/

54

AMASOMO NTANGARUGERO Y‟IKINYARWANDA

IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 4

Imbata y‟isomo 1

Izina ry‟ishuri: ………………………......................................... Amazina y‟umwarimu: …………………….................................………

URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO KU MWANDIKO:

Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe:

Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri bafite ikibazo mu gusoma umwandiko: 8

Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri bafite ibibazo ku nyunguramagambo: 12

Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo: abasigaye bose (20)

Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo

rimara

Umubare

w‟abanyeshuri

cya 1 …../…..//2020 Ikinyarwanda wa 4 wa 1 …. Muri…. Iminota 40 40

Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare

wabo

Babiri batabona neza ibibegereye na babiri batumva neza.

Umutwe wa 1

Umuco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda

Ubushobozi bw‟ingenzi

bugamijwe

- Gusesengura imyandiko ku muco n‟indangagaciro nyarwanda no gusesengura umugani muremure no kuwuca.

- Gusesengura interuro no gukoresha neza utwatuzo tuzisoza.

Isomo Gusoma no gusobanukirwa umwandiko

Intego ngenamukoro

Ahereye ku mwandiko «Inyana ni iya mweru» umunyeshuri arashobora:

Itsinda rya mbere:

• Gusoma yubahiriza utwatuzo n‟iyitsa

Itsinda rya kabiri:

• Gukoresha mu nteruro amagambo yihitiyemo mu yo yumvise

55

• Gukina agakino ko kuzuza interuro bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe ribura

Itsinda rya gatatu:

• Gukomeza gusoma umwandiko no gukoresha izindi nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.

Imiterere y‟aho isomo

ribera

Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.

Imfashanyigisho Umwandiko “Inyana ni iya mweru”, amashusho ajyanye n‟ibivugwa mu mwandiko.

Inyandiko n‟ibitabo

byifashishijwe

Integanyanyigisho, igitabo cy‟umwarimu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟inkoranyamagambo.

Ibice by‟isomo +

igihe

Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora

Umwarimu yifashishije amashusho n‟izindi mfashanyigisho zifatika ayobora

abanyeshuri mu gusoma no gusobanura amagambo akomeye ari mu mwandiko

ndetse no kuyakoresha mu nteruro.

Ubushobozi n‟ingingo nsanganyamasomo

Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu


1. Intangiriro:

Iminota 5

- Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo

mvumburamatsiko;

- Kuyobora abanyeshuri mu bikorwa

bibaganisha ku kigwa.

Amatsinda yose:

- Kwitegereza amashusho beretswe.

- Gusubiza ibibazo mvumburamatsiko ku

mashusho.

- Gutahura insanganyamatsiko y‟umwandiko.

Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo:

- Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo

ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda: (buri wese

yisanzura mu gutanga ibitekerezo)

Ingingo nsanganyamasomo:

- Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye:

(umwandiko uvuga ku bahungu

n‟abakobwa ndetse n‟ababyeyi bombi).

-Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku bafite ibyo

bagenerwa byihariye no kubafasha kujya

56

n‟abandi)

2. Isomo nyirizina:

Iminota 25

2.1. Kwivumburira

ibikubiye mu

kigwa

- Kuyobora

abanyeshuri mu

bikorwa

bibafasha

gusobanukirwa

ikigwa no

kubafasha

kwikosora mu

gihe badasomye

neza

atabahutaza.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Gusoma bucece;


zitarenze ebyiri).

Itsinda rya kabiri:



amubajije kiganisha ku gisubizo;



bahawe bakazisoma bakanazandika;


bakabisoma. (bari mu matsinda mato);

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Gukomeza gusoma umwandiko no gukoresha izindi

nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.


-Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda: (buri wese

yisanzura mu gutanga ibitekerezo)

-Ubushishozi no gushakira

ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira

kunoza ibisubizo bitangwa)


-Umuco w‟amahoro: (aho mu mwandiko

bavuga ko mu rugo babanaga nta

ntonganya n‟umwiryane)

-Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye: (abahungu

n‟abakobwa bagira uruhare mu isomo).

-Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku bafite ibyo

bagenerwa byihariye no kubafasha kujyana

n‟abandi)

2.2. Kumurika

ibyagezweho

- Gukurikirana

ibyo

abanyeshuri bo

muri buri tsinda

bamurika.

- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri tsinda bagezeho mu

bikorwa bitandukanye biteganyijwe.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Kugaragaza uko basoma agace gato k‟umwandiko basimburana

(interuro zitarenze ebyiri)

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Kugaragaza uko bakoze ibikorwa basabwe (ibisobanuro

by‟amagambo, gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro, kuzuza interuro

bakoresheje ijambo mu yo bahawe, guhuza amakarita ariho

amagambo n‟ariho ibisobanuro byayo bakabisoma.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Kugaragaza uko basoma n‟uko bakoresha izindi

57

nyunguramagambo zitavuzweho mu nteruro no kuzandika.

2.3. Kunoza

ibyamuritswe

-Kuyobora

abanyeshuri

kugira ngo

banoze

ibyavuye mu

matsinda.

- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu matsinda yose).


Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo:

(buri wese aharanira kunoza ibisubizo

bitangwa)

2.4. Umusozo/

inshamake

-Kuyobora

abanyeshuri

bagakora

inshamake

y‟ibyo bamaze

kwiga.

(abakobwa

n‟abahungu

igihe ishuri

ririmo ibitsina

byombi).

- Gukora inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.

- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye mu matsinda.


Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo:

(buri wese aharanira kunoza ibisubizo

bitangwa)

3. Isuzuma:

Iminota10

Umukoro

- Gutanga

ibibazo

by‟isuzuma.

- Gusubiza ibibazo by‟isuzuma.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Imyitozo yo gusoma umwandiko

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Imyitozo yo gukoresha amagambo mu nteruro, kuzuza interuro.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Imyitozo yo gusoma no gukoresha izindi nyunguramagambo

zitavuzweho.

- Kwandika umukoro.

- Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo

ibisubizo: (buri wese aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi:

(abanyeshuri bashishikarizwa gukomeza

kwiyungura ubushobozi mu byo biga).

58

- Gutanga

umukoro (mu

nyandiko

cyangwa mu

magambo)

Kwisuzuma

(umwarimu)

- Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda anyuranye).

- Kugaragaza imbogamizi yahuye na zo mu kuzamura ubushobozi bw‟abanyeshuri.

59

Imbata y‟isomo 2


URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UBUVANGANZO-IMIGANI MIGUFI:


Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura imigani migufi: 5

Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri bafite ikibazo mu gusobanura imigani mugufi: 12

Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo ry‟imigani migufi: abasigaye bose (18)


rimara

Umubare

w‟abanyeshuri


Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare wabo Batatu batabona neza ibiri kure yabo.

Umutwe wa 2 Iterambere


bugamijwe

- Gusesengura imyandiko ku iterambere, imigani migufi, ibisakuzo n‟ibyivugo by‟amahomvu.

- Gukoresha neza utwatuzo tujya hagati mu nteruro.

Isomo Imigani migufi

Intego ngenamukoro

Ahereye ku mwandiko urimo imigani migufi, umunyeshuri araba ashobora:

Itsinda rya mbere:

Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko no kuyisobanura.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani migufi no kuyisobanura.

Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.

60

Imfashanyigisho Umwandiko abanyeshuri batahuramo imigani migufi, igitabo cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.


byifashishijwe

-REB, Ikinyarwanda –amashuri abanza Twumve, tuvuge, dusome, twandike, duhange mu Kinyarwanda, umwaka wa

kane, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟icy‟umwarimu, 2019

-REB, Integanyanyigisho y‟ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, 2015

- Imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ibice by‟isomo + igihe Gusobanura igikorwa umwarimu n‟umunyeshuri basabwa gukora

Umwarimu yifashishije umwandiko urimo imigani migufi, abanyeshuri barawusoma

bakore ibikorwa bahawe bakurikije amatsinda barimo.

Itsinda rya mbere:

Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Gutahura imigani migufi mu mwandiko no kuyisobanura.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani migufi no kuyisobanura.

Ubushobozi n‟ingingo

nsanganyamasomo

Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu


1. Intangiriro:

Iminota 5

Kubaza abanyeshuri ibibazo

by‟ivumburamatsiko ku migani migufi.

Amatsinda yose:

Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko ku

migani migufi.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

- Ubushishozi no gushakira

ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri wese

aharanira kunoza ibisubizo

bitangwa)

- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda:

(buri wese yisanzura mu

gutanga ibitekerezo)



(umwandiko uvuga ku bahungu

n‟abakobwa ).

- Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku

61

bafite ibyo bagenerwa

byihariye no kubafasha kujyana

n‟abandi)

2. Isomo nyirizina:

Iminota 25

2.1. Kwivumburira ibikubiye

mu kigwa


bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa

(imigani migufi) no kubafasha

kwikemurira ingorane bahura na zo.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Gusoma umwandiko bahawe bahawe ku

mpapuro bagatahuramo imigani migufi

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Gusoma umwandiko bahawe bahawe ku

mpapuro bagatahuramo imigani migufi

- Gusobanura imigani batahuye.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Gahanga akandiko gakoreshejemo imigani

migufi no kuyisobanura.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

- Gusabana mu Kinyarwanda:

(buri wese yisanzura mu

gutanga ibitekerezo)




bitangwa)


- Umuco w‟amahoro:

(bakorera mu matsinda mu

bworoherane)


(abahungu n‟abakobwa bagira

uruhare mu isomo).

- Uburezi budaheza: (Kwita ku

bafite ibyo bagenerwa

byihariye no kubafasha kujyana

n‟abandi)

2.2. Kumurika ibyagezweho

- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo

muri buri tsinda bamurika.

- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri

tsinda bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye

biteganyijwe.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Bagaragaza imigani migufi batahuyemo.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Bagaragaza ibisobanuro by‟imigani migufi

batahuye mu mwandiko bahawe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Kumurika utwandiko turimo imigani miremire

n‟ibisobanuro byayo.

2.3. Kunoza ibyamuritswe

- Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo

banoze ibyavuye mu matsinda.

- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu

matsinda yose).

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

Ubushishozi no gushakira



62

bitangwa)

2.4. Umusozo/

inshamake

-Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora

inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.

(abakobwa n‟abahungu igihe ishuri

ririmo ibitsina byombi).


- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye

mu matsinda.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:




bitangwa)

3. Isuzuma:

Iminota10

Umukoro

- Gutanga ibibazo by‟isuzuma.

- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko

cyangwa mu magambo)


Itsinda rya mbere:

Imyitozo yo gutahura imigani migufi mu

mwandiko no kuvuga indi migani bazi.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Imyitozo yo kugaragaza imigani migufi

no kuvuga ibisobanuro byayo.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Imyitozo yo gukora akandiko karimo imigani

migufi no gutanga ibisobanuro byayo.

- Kwandika umukoro.




bitangwa)

- Kwiga no guhora yiyungura

ubumenyi: (abanyeshuri

bashishikarizwa gukomeza

kwiyungura ubushobozi mu

byo biga).

Kwisuzuma (umwarimu) - Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda

anyuranye).


63

IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 5


URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟IKIBONEZAMVUGO


Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura ntera no kuzikoresha mu nteruro: 6

Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri batazi gushaka uturemajambo (intego) twa ntera: 10

Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo rya ntera: abasigaye bose (22)


rimara

Umubare

w‟abanyeshuri


Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize n‟umubare

wabo

Umunyeshuri umwe utumva neza.

Umutwe wa 4 Kuboneza ubuzima bw‟imyororokere


bugamijwe

- Gusesengura imyandiko ijyanye n‟ubuzima bw‟imyororokere,

- Gusesengura izina rusange mbonera, gusesengura ntera, izina ntera n‟igisantera no kubikoresha mu nteruro no

kunoza imyandikire.

Isomo Ntera

Intego ngenamukoro

Ahereye ku nteruro zakoreshejwemo ntera, umunyeshuri araba ashobora:

Itsinda rya mbere:

Gutahura ntera, kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango no kuzikoresha mu nteruro ziboneye.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Gusesengura ntera agaragaza intego (uturemajambo) yayo.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Guhanga akandiko gakoreshejemo ntera zinyuranye no kuzigaragariza intego n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi.

64

Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda.

Imfashanyigisho Impapuro ziriho interuro, igitabo cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.

Inyandiko n‟ibitabo byifashishijwe

-REB, Ikinyarwanda –amashuri abanza Twumve, tuvuge, dusome, twandike, duhange mu Kinyarwanda, umwaka

wa gatanu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟icy‟umwarimu, 2019

-REB, Integanyanyigisho y‟ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, 2015

- Imbuga nkoranyambaga.


Umwarimu yifashishije interuro ziri ku dupapuro abanyeshuri barazisoma bakore ibikorwa

bikurikira bakurikije amatsinda barimo.

1. Batahure ntera, bayiceho akarongo, batahure inshoza n‟uturango twa ntera,

2. Bayishakire intego, banerekane amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe aho ari,

3. Bahange akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye banazigaragarize intego n‟amategeko

y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe.


nsanganyamasomo

Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri

1. Intangiriro:

Iminota 5


by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri ntera

Amatsinda yose:

Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri

ntera.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

- Ubushishozi no

gushakira ibibazo

ibisubizo: (buri wese

aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Gusabana mu

Kinyarwanda: (buri wese

yisanzura mu gutanga

ibitekerezo)

Ingingo

nsanganyamasomo:

- Uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye:

65

(umwandiko uvuga ku

bahungu n‟abakobwa

ndetse n‟ababyeyi

bombi).

- Uburezi budaheza:

(Kwita ku bafite ibyo

bagenerwa byihariye no

kubafasha kujyana

n‟abandi)

2. Isomo nyirizina: Iminota 25

2.1. Kwivumburira ibikubiye

mu kigwa


bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa (ntera) no

kubafasha kwikemurira ingorane bahura na

zo.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;

- Gutahura ntera, bayicaho akarongo;

-Gutahura inshoza n‟uturango bya ntera.

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Gusoma interuro bahawe ku mpapuro;

- Kugaragaza intego ya ntera zirimo;

- Kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi

yakoreshejwe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Gahanga akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

- Gusabana mu



ibitekerezo)

- Ubushishozi no

gushakira

ibibazo ibisubizo: (buri

wese aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

Ingingo

nsanganyamasomo:

- Umuco w‟amahoro:

66

2.2. Kumurika ibyagezweho

- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri

buri tsinda bamurika.

- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri

tsinda bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye

biteganyijwe.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Kugaragaza ntera batahuye (bayiciyeho

akarongo)

- Kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango bya ntera

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Kugaragaza intego ya ntera

- Kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi

yakoreshejwe

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Kwerekana akandiko karimo ntera zinyuranye

bahanze

(bakorera mu matsinda

mu bworoherane)

- Uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye:

(abahungu n‟abakobwa

bagira uruhare mu

isomo).

- Uburezi budaheza:

(Kwita ku bafite ibyo

bagenerwa byihariye no

kubafasha kujyana

n‟abandi)

2.3. Kunoza ibyamuritswe

-Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo banoze

ibyavuye mu matsinda.

- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu

matsinda yose).

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:




ibisubizo bitangwa)

2.4. Umusozo/

inshamake

-Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora inshamake

y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga. (abakobwa

n‟abahungu igihe ishuri ririmo ibitsina

byombi).


- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye

mu matsinda.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

- Ubushishozi no

gushakira ibibazo


aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

67

3. Isuzuma:

Iminota10

Umukoro


- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko cyangwa

mu magambo)


Itsinda rya mbere:

Imyitozo yo gutahura ntera bazicaho

akarongo no kugaragaza inshoza n‟uturango

bya ntera

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Imyitozo yo kugaragaza intego ya ntera no

kwerekana amategeko y‟igenamajwi

yakoreshejwe

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Imyitozo yo kugaragaza intego ya ntera

n‟amategeko y‟igenamajwi yakoreshejwe mu

kandiko bahanze

- Kwandika umukoro.

- Ubushishozi no

gushakira ibibazo


aharanira kunoza

ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Kwiga no guhora

yiyungura ubumenyi:

(abanyeshuri

bashishikarizwa

gukomeza kwiyungura

ubushobozi mu byo

biga).

Kwisuzuma (umwarimu) - Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda

anyuranye).


68

IMBATA Y‟ ISOMO RY‟UMWAKA WA 6


URUGERO RW‟IMBATA Y‟ISOMO RY‟UBUMENYI RUSANGE BW‟URURIMI : IHANGAMWANDIKO

Ibyiciro by‟abanyeshuri iri somo rigenewe

Ikiciro cya mbere: abanyeshuri batazi gutahura ibice by‟umwandiko w‟ihangamwandiko: 3

Ikiciro cya kabiri: abanyeshuri batazi gutondeka ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko bahawe ngo bahange umwandiko (intego): 9

Ikiciro cya gatatu: abanyeshuri badafite ikibazo mu isomo ry‟ihangamwandiko: abasigaye bose (29)

Igihembwe Itariki: Inyigisho Umwaka Umutwe Isomo rya Igihe isomo rimara Umubare

w‟abanyeshuri


Abafite ibyo bagenerwa byihariye mu myigire no mu myigishirize

n‟umubare wabo

0

Umutwe wa 4 Uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye


bugamijwe

- Gusesengura umwandiko ujyanye no kwimakaza uburinganire n‟ubwuzuzanye;

- Guhanga umwandiko; gutegura ibiganiro mpaka no kubiyobora, no kwandika uko bikwiye amagambo

y‟Ikinyarwanda.

Isomo Ihimbamwandiko

Intego ngenamukoro

Yishashishije amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo byo gutondeka, umunyeshuri arashobora:

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice by‟umwandiko;

- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru;

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora;

- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko

yahawe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko

69

yihitiyemo.

Imiterere y‟aho isomo ribera

Isomo rizatangirwa mu ishuri, abanyeshuri bakorera mu matsinda ku gice cy‟uruziga aho bishoboka.

Imfashanyigisho Imfashanyigisho zifatika (amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo byo gutondeka ngo bahange umwandiko), igitabo

cy‟umwarimu n‟icy‟umunyeshuri.


byifashishijwe

Integanyanyigisho, igitabo cy‟umwarimu, igitabo cy‟umunyeshuri n‟ibindi bitabo.


Hifashishijwe amakarita yanditseho ibitekerezo, umwarimu ayobora abanyeshuri mu gikorwa

cyo kubitondeka ngo bahange umwandiko.


nsanganyamasomo

Ibikorwa by‟umwarimu Ibikorwa by‟umunyeshuri

1. Intangiriro:

Iminota 5


by‟ivumburamatsiko kuri ku ihimbandiko

Amatsinda yose:

Gusubiza ibibazo by‟ivumburamatsiko ku

ihimbamwandiko

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:




ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Gusabana mu



ibitekerezo)

Ingingo

nsanganyamasomo:

- Uburinganire

n‟ubwuzuzanye:

(umwandiko uvuga ku

bahungu n‟abakobwa

ndetse n‟ababyeyi bombi).

70

-Uburezi budaheza: (buri

munyeshuri yitabwaho mu

isomo)

2. Isomo nyirizina:

Iminota 25

2.1. Kwivumburira

ibikubiye mu kigwa


bibafasha gusobanukirwa ikigwa no

kubafasha kwikemurira ingorane

bahura na zo.

Itsinda rya mbere:

-Gukorera mu matsinda bakibukiranya ibice

by‟umwandiko.

- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita

bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe ku makarita

bakurikije uko bikwiye gukurikirana bigakora inkuru.

- Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza

amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko

yahawe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke yubahiriza

amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko

yihitiyemo.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:

-Gusabana mu



ibitekerezo)

-Ubushishozi no gushakira



ibisubizo bitangwa)

Ingingo

nsanganyamasomo:

-Umuco w‟amahoro:

(bakorera mu matsinda

mu bworoherane).

-Uburinganire

71

2.2. Kumurika

ibyagezweho

- Gukurikirana ibyo abanyeshuri bo

muri buri tsinda bamurika.

- Kugaragaza ibyo abanyeshuri bo muri buri tsinda

bagezeho mu bikorwa bitandukanye biteganyijwe.

Itsinda rya mbere:

- Kwerekana ibice by‟umwandiko.

- Kugaragaza uko bakurikiranyije ibitekerezo bahawe

bigakora inkuru

Itsinda rya kabiri:

- Kugaragaza uko bakurikiranyije ibitekerezo bahawe

bigakora inkuru

- Kugaragaza imyandiko bahanze ku nsanganyamatsiko

bahawe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

- Kugaragaza imyandiko bahanze ku nsanganyamatsiko

bihitiyemo.

n‟ubwuzuzanye:

(abahungu n‟abakobwa

bagira uruhare mu isomo).

-Uburezi budaheza: (buri

munyeshuri yitabwaho mu

isomo).

2.3. Kunoza

ibyamuritswe

- Kuyobora abanyeshuri kugira ngo

banoze ibyavuye mu matsinda.

- Kunoza ibyo bagezeho (ibyavuye mu matsinda yose).

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:




ibisubizo bitangwa)

2.4. Umusozo/

inshamake

- Kuyobora abanyeshuri bagakora

inshamake y‟ibyo bamaze kwiga.

(abakobwa n‟abahungu igihe ishuri

ririmo ibitsina byombi).


- Kwandika mu makayi inshamake y‟ibyavuye mu

matsinda.

Ubushobozi

nsanganyamasomo:




ibisubizo bitangwa)

72

3. Isuzuma:

Iminota10

Umukoro


- Gutanga umukoro (mu nyandiko

cyangwa mu magambo)


Itsinda rya mbere:

Imyitozo yo kugaragaza ibice by‟umwandiko

no gukurikiranya ibitekerezo bahawe uko bikwiye

gukurikirana bigakora inkuru

Itsinda rya kabiri:

Imyitozo yo guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke

yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko bahawe.

Itsinda rya gatatu:

Imyitozo yo guhanga umwandiko buri muntu ku giti ke

yubahiriza amabwiriza y‟ihangamwandiko ku

nsanganyamatsiko yihitiyemo.

- Kwandika umukoro.




ibisubizo bitangwa)

- Kwiga no guhora

yiyungura ubumenyi:

(abanyeshuri

bashishikarizwa gukomeza

kwiyungura ubushobozi

mu byo biga).

Kwisuzuma

(umwarimu)

- Kugaragaza ikigero cy‟uko abanyeshuri bagaragaje uko bazamuye ubushobozi aho bari bafite intege nke (mu matsinda

anyuranye).


73

IBITABO BYIFASHISHIJWE

1. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa mbere w‟amashuri

abanza, REB, Kigali.

2. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa kabiri w‟amashuri


3. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, Igitabo cy‟umwarimu umwaka wa gatatu w‟amashuri


4. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2018, Ikinyarwanda, igitabo cy‟umwarimu gikubiyemo inkuru zisomerwa

abanyeshuri, umwaka wa mbere w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.


abanyeshuri, umwaka wa kabiri w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.


abanyeshuri, umwaka wa gatatu w‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.

7. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2019, Imfashanyigisho y‟Imyigire Ibereye Buri Munyeshuri, REB, Kigali.

8. IKIGO GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE UBUREZI MU RWANDA (REB), 2020, Gahunda nzamurabushobozi yo gusoma no kwandika

Ikinyarwanda. Inyoborabarezi y‟umwaka wa mbere,uwa kabiri n‟uwa gatatu, REB, Kigali.

9. MINISITERI Y‟UBUREZI, 2015, Integanyanyigisho y‟Ikinyarwanda ikiciro cya kabiri cy‟amashuri abanza, REB, Kigali.

10. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, 2020. The general guide to remedial and catch up programs for the students at risk of repetition and dropping out,

MINEDUC, Kigali.

74

Imigereka

Urugero rw‟ifishi itegurirwa buri munyeshuri witabiriye gahunda nzamurabushobozi

Ishuri: …………………………………….. Izina ry‟umunyeshuri ……………………………………………………………………………

Umwaka…… ……………………..Igihembwe: ……………………………. Isomo: IKINYARWANDA. Umutwe: ……………………………

Aho umunyeshuri afite

ubushobozi buke

Impamvu zateye

ubushobozi buke

Ingamba zafatwa

Uburyo umunyeshuri yazamuye

urwego rwe

Ibindi

Birashimishije

cyane

birashimishije gahoro

- Ntashobora gusoma ijambo

Ntashobora guvuga neza

imigemo igize ijambo

Ntashobora kwandika

inyuguti, igihekane,

umugemo, ijambo

Ntashobora gusoma neza

interuro

Ntashobora gusubiza neza

ibibazo byo kumva

umwandiko

Ibindi

Ibibazo

by‟imitekerereze

Ntakunda kwiga

Ntakurikira mu ishuri

Yumva gake

Ntasobanukiwe

ibyigwa byabanje

Ibibazo byo mu

muryango

Ibindi

Gusoma inyuguti zigize

ijambo agemura

Kwigishwa

inyunguramagambo

z‟ibanze

Kwigishwa amasomo

y‟inyongera

Gukoresha imfashanyigisho

zifatika

Kwifashisha uturirimbo

n‟udukino

Gukora utwitozo tworoheje

Gusoma udukuru dufite

amashusho

Ibindi

Ibitekerezo by‟umubyeyi: Ibitekerezo by‟umuyobozi w‟ishuri:

Ikitonderwa: Iyi fishi igenewe kuzuzwa nyuma ya buri mutwe kuri buri munyashuri uri muri gahunda nzamurabushobozi.

Documents

Ijambo ry‟ibanze