levan tyeSelaSvili

imereTis mefe solomon meore

samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli

gelaTis sasuliero akademia da seminaria

levan tyeSelaSvili

imereTis mefe solomon meore _

samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli

quTaisi 2016

wigni eZRvneba solomon mefis gardacvalebidan me–200 da

trapizonidan gadmosvenebis 25–e wlisTavs

ibeWdeba quTaTel–gaenaTeli mitropolit

kalistrates (margalitaSvili) locva-kurTxeviT

redaqtori: gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi,

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori giorgi mWedliZe

ISBN 978-9941-429-86-6

C levan tyeSelaSvili

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Sesavali .............................................................................................................. 41.

erze mzrunveli monarqi ..................................................................... 11 2.

solomon meoris moRvaweobis dasawyisi ............................... 21 3.

elaznauris xelSekruleba da urTierToba ruseTis 4.

imperiasTan ..................................................................................................... 29

solomon mefis damokidebuleba saeklesio 5.

moRvaweebTan da misi sulieri moZRvari

ilarion yanCaveli ................................................................................. 39

solomon mefis Sepyroba (1810 w.) ...................................... 496.

solomon mefe da saxlTuxucesi zurab wereTeli .. 617.

1810 wlis uTanasworo brZolebi .............................................. 708.

solomon mefis gardacvaleba (1815 w.) ......................... 799.

imereTis ukanaskneli dedofali mariam dadiani ...... 9010.

solomon mefis neStis gadmosveneba trapizonidan .. 102 11.

brZola imereTis samefos aRdgenisaTvis; 12.

1819-1820 wlis ajanyeba ................................................................... 107

reziume inglisur enaze ................................................................... 11513.

danarTi ........................................................................................................... 11714.

sarCevi

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Sesavali

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi dReisaTvis gansakuTrebul aqtualurobas iZens, romelTa Soris unda gamovyoT imereTis samefos uTanasworo br-Zola ruseTis imperiis winaaRmdeg. es brZola TiTqmis ori aTeuli wlis manZilze gagrZelda da misi iniciatori im-ereTis ukanaskneli mefe solomon meore iyo. solomonis gardacvalebis Semdeg qveynis ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobas 1819–1820 wlebSi saTaveSi Caudga solomon pirvelis (1752-1784) SviliSvili ivane abaSiZe da mitropolitebi: dosiT-eos wereTeli, eqvTime gaenaTeli da xoneli mTavarepiskoposi anton CijavaZe. 1820 wels ruseTis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebi Sewyda rogorc imereTSi, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos yvela mxareSi. ruseTis imperiam aisrula Tavisi didi xnis ocneba, daipyro saqarTvelo, man udidesi msxverplis fasad gatexa Seupovari qarTvelebis simtkice da qveynis TavisuflebisaT-vis mebrZolebi sisxlSi CaaxrCo.

XIX saukunis meore naxevridan solomon mefis (1789-1810) Sesaxeb araerTi statia, mogoneba da gadmocema SemorCa. XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi, 1902, 1911, 1989–1992 wlebSi, solomon mefes naSromebi miuZRvnes T. xuskivaZem („imereTis mefe solo-mon II“, quT. 1902), al. xaxanaSvilma („imereTis mefe solomon meore“,tf.1911) da m. rexviaSvilma (`imerTa mefeni–solomon pirveli da solomon meore~, quT. 1992). unda SevniSnoT, rom solomon mefis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculia rus avtorTa SromebSi, romelTa umetesoba tendenciurobiT gamoirCeva da solomoni gamoyvanili hyavT saSiS, orgul, orWof da moRalate pirovnebad. sinamdvileSi ki solomon mefe iyo is adamiani, romelic mihxvda ruseTis mesveurTa borot

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zraxvebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom solomoni mraval daTmobaze wavida, rusTa mTavari moTxovna mainc misi mefobidan gan-devna iyo. solomon mefem Rirseulad moixada Tavisi vali samSoblos winaSe, igi 1810 wlis Tavis mowodebaSi imereTis mosaxleobis mimarT brZanebda: „imereTis gulisaTvis Cemi si-cocxle unda davasrulo“, Seasrula kidec Tavisi danapirebi axalgazrda bagrationma, sakuTar samSobloze uzomod Seyva-rebulma mefem yvelaferi gawira qveynis sakeTildReod. misi saxiT Cven winaSea Rrmadmorwmune monarqi, romelic kargad flobda im droisaTvis qveynis marTvis yvela aucilebel moTxovnas da, rac mTavaria, igi gansakuTrebiT zrunavda sakuTari xalxis mimarT. imave mowodebaSi solomoni aRniS-navda amis Sesaxeb: „Tqvenis pativisa da siyvarulisagan Cemi guli ar gamZRara“, yovelive amis gamo aucilebelia, Tana-medrove qarTvelobam icodes am Rirseuli qarTveli mefis damsaxureba da gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli Tavisi xalxis mi-marT, rac saTanadod ar iyo warmoCenili arcerT naSromSi. Tumca solomon mefis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb kvleva-Zieba mo-mavalSic unda gagrZeldes da srulyofilebis pretenzia am naSromsac ver eqneba. magram erTs SevniSnavT: meoce saukunis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli da religiuri TvalsazrisiT kvle-va-Zieba SezRuduli iyo da am mimarTulebiT Tanamedrove etapze bevri ram aris gasakeTebeli. sabolood ki savsebiT axalgazrda mravaltanjuli mefe, samSoblodan devnili, osmaleTSi gardaicvala. solomon mefis Rvawlze marTebu-lad ayalibebda azrs 1911 wels al. xaxanaSvili: „ndoba da siyvaruli, romelic mopovebuli hqonda mas xalxSi, amt-kicebs, rom, igi ar iyo Cveulebrivi batoni, kerZo interes-iT aRsavse, mas xelmZRvanelobda imereTis keTildReoba, da Tavis Zal-RoniT, SegnebiTa da moudrekelobiT emsaxura mas

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sicocxlis ukanasknel dRemdis. deda–zrad misis moqmede-bisa Seiqmna survili damyardes Zlieri SeerTebuli samefo dasavleT saqarTveloisa da Semdeg ganmtkicebulis wes-wyo-bilebiT Tavisi gavlena gadaitanos aRmosavleT iveriazed“. swored es iyo solomon mefis mizani, mas surda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi SeenarCunebina qarTuli saxelmwifo da, Tuki amas moaxerxebda Semdeg ezruna aRmosavleT saqarTvelozec, Tumca solomon mefis gegmebs win aRudga Sinaurica da ga-reSec. solomon mefem saerTo erovnuli saqmisaTvis darazma qarTveli sazogadoeba, man am saqmeSi sakuTari biZebi, erekle mefis memkvidreebi, Tavad–aznauroba, saeklesio ierarqia da rigiTi mamuliSvilebic Caaba, diplomatiuri xerxebiT kav-Siri daamyara sparseTis, osmaleTisa da safrangeTis pirvel pirebTan, magram uZlieres mowinaaRmdegesTan araferi gamou-vida. unda aRvniSnoT, rom aTaswlovani samefo dinastiis ukanasknel warmomadgenels qedi ar mouxria da saxelovnad ibrZola samSoblos dasacavad.

Rvawlmosili mefis amags ukvalod ar Cauvlia. 1990 wlis noemberSi solomon mefe samSobloSi gadmoasvenes da gela-Tis wminda navTsayudelSi, qarTvel mefeTa saZvaleSi dakr-Zales, xolo 2005 wlis 27 ivniss saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma solomon mefe wmindanad Seracxa da mas sam-SoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli uwoda. 2015 wlis 20 Tebervals solomon mefis gardacvalebidan 200 wlisTavi Sesrul-da, swored am faqtma ganapiroba Cveni interesi da gadavw-yviteT, solomon mefis Sesaxeb Segveqmna specialuri naSro-mi, romelSic warmoCindeboda mefis realuri saxe, rogorc wmindanisa da samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli mebrZolisa, rac, Cveni azriT, dRemde srulad arcerT naSromSi ar iyo warmoCenili. amasTanave saWirod CavTvaleT, rom solomon

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mefis cxovrebasTan erTad mogveTxro misi ori Tanamedrove mRvdelmTavris–dosiTeos quTaTelisa (wereTeli) da eqvTime gaenaTelis (SarvaSiZe) mowameobriv Rvawlze, romlebic aseve wmindanad Seiracxnen 2005 wlis 27 ivniss. solomon me-fis gardacvalebis Semdeg samSoblosa da eklesiis ufle-bebis dacvas xelmZRvanelobdnen mitropoliti dosiTeosi, romelic amavdroulad afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) sakaTalikosos ukanaskneli gamgebeli iyo da mitropoliti eqvTime. isini mkacrad iqnen dasjilni. mRvdelmTavrebis gad-asaxlebiT dasrulda mzakvruli gegma, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri uflebebis srul ugulebelyofas iTvaliswinebda. ruseTis xelisuflebam mRvdelmTavrebis gadasaxleba gasaidumloebul pirobebSi moawyo. qarTvelma xalxma Zalian didxans ar icoda mitropolitebis bedis Ses-axeb. imdroindel qarTul wyaroebSi xSirad naxavdiT Semdeg cnobas: „1820 wlis martSi quTaTeli da gaenaTeli ruseTs waiyvanes da gadakarges“.

wignSi naCvenebia aseve solomon meoris sulieri moZRvris ilarionis (yanCavelis) damokidebuleba da zrunva mefisadmi. ilarion yanCavelma solomon mefes bolomde uerTgula da Tavisi sulieri Svili mefuri pativiT dakrZala 1815 wels trapizonSi. saocaria am oTxi adamianis cxovreba, oTxive maTgans mouwia samSoblos datoveba, sami maTgani ucxoeTSi aResrula, dosiTeosi ki wamebiT mokles surams da gors Soris gzaze. oTxive moRvawe saqarTvelos eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa, solomon mefe 1990 wels TurqeTidan, xolo eqv-Time gaenaTeli 2005 wels ruseTidan gadmoasvenes gelaTSi. tanjul mefesa da mRvdelmTavars samSobloSi dakrZal-vis uflebac ki ar miecaT, mefe osmaleTSi, mRvdelmTavari ki ruseTSi miicvala, isini TiTqmis orasi wlis manZilze

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ucxoeTis miwaze ganisvenebdnen, sabolood ki orivem gela-Tis RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis mTavar taZarSi hpova gansasvenebeli. 1820 wels gaenaTelma mitropolitma eqvTimem qarTveli eris gulisnadebi ganucxada ruseTis imperator aleqsandre pirvels. igi ar moerida imperators da peter-burgis sasaxleSi miRebisas mas „axali neroni“ uwoda, im qmedebebisaTvis, romelic man saqarTveloSi daatriala. eqv-Time gaenaTelma aRasrula Tavisi vali, rogorc mRvdelmTa-varma da ruseTis imperatori sakuTari sasaxlis kedlebSi amxila, risTvisac igi aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monas-terSi gamoketes. ucxoobaSi myofma mRvdelmTavarma didxans veRar icocxla da 1822 wels aResrula. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg ki saswaulic aRsrulda.

ucxoobaSi aResrula imereTis ukanaskneli mefis solo-monis meuRle, mariam dedofali, romelic mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ganicdida samSoblodan usamarTlod gadasaxlebas, misi tanjuli meuRlis udrood gardacvalebasa da trapi-zonSi dakrZalvas. miuxedavad mis mier ruseTis umaRlesi moxeleebis mimarT araerTgzis Txovnisa, mariams ar misces ufleba sakuTari meuRlis trapizonidan gelaTSi gadmosven-ebisa, swored es iyo dedoflis ukanaskneli natvra, romel-ic ar Seusrules. imereTis ukanasknelma dedofalma mariam dadianma sam aTeul welze meti ruseTSi gaatara da Tavis samSobloze fiqrSi, ucxoobaSi dalia suli.

aseTia is mZime xvedri, romelic am Rirseul adamianebs hxvdaT wilad, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom maT araferi dai-Sures sakuTari samSoblos sakeTildReod da zvarakad See-wirnen mas. maTTan erTad im periodSi samSoblos uamravma patriotma gawira Tavi da win aRudga imperiis xelisuflebas, mravali maTganis saxeli da gvari saerTod ucnobia, Tumca

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maT sakuTari vali moixades samSoblos winaSe da saqarT-velos gmirul matianeSi erTi lamazi furceli Seqmnes. wignis erT–erT paragrafSi saubari gvaqvs, Tu rogor uaryo samSoblo da sakuTari mefe, solomonis uaxloesma adami-anma saxlTuxucesma zurab wereTelma, romelmac piradi gandidebis mizniT ruseTis mxare daiWira. Tumca sabolood imperiis moxeleebma igi sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad gamoi-yenes da, roca aRar dasWirdaT, misi uflebebic Selaxes. zurab wereTlis qmedebaTa asaxviT SevecadeT, warmogveCina tipiuri moRalatis saxe, romelmac yovelive wminda uaryo. unda aRvniSnoT, rom solomon meoris brZolis Rirseuli gamgrZelebeli iyo 1819–1820 wlis ajanyebis gmiri ivane aba-SiZe, solomon pirvelis SviliSvili (darejan batoniSvilis vaJi). ivane abaSiZe uTanasworo brZolaSi damarcxda da masac mouwia samSoblos datoveba, amasTanave mtris xeli masac miswvda da isev qarTvelis xeliT axalgazrda mamuliSvili wuTisofels gamoasalmes.

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis imperia ramdenime fron-tze ibrZoda da man sabolood warmatebas miaRwia safrangeT-Tan brZolaSi 1812 wels, osmaleTis imperiasTan brZolaSi 1812 wels da warmatebebi hqonda aseve sparseTTan brZolaSi kavkasiis mimarTulebiTac. bunebrivia, aseT uZlieres imperi-asTan brZolaSi patara imereTs Sansi ar gaaCnda, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom solomon mefem Rirseulad daicva Tavisi samefo am uTanasworo brZolaSi. ruseTis imperias ramdenime weliwadi dasWirda, raTa ukanaskneli bagrationi monarqi samSoblodan gaeZevebina. am dapirispirebis dros ruseTma Tavisi tradiciuli meTodebiT gadaibira qarTveli mTavrebi da didgvarovnebi, raTa qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis uka-naskneli erTeuli sabolood gauqmebuliyo. miaRwia ra Tav-

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is sawadels ruseTma, 1810 wlis seqtemberSi, kanonieri mefe samSoblodan gaaZeva, Tumca amas ar dasjerda da igi 1811 wlis zafxulSi axalcixeSi mowamles, magram solomon mefe saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils. imave wels osmaleTSi moulodnelad gardaicvala solomon meoris uaxloesi Tan-amebrZoli solomon lioniZe, xolo 1820 wels axalcixeSi rusuli xelisuflebis davalebiT sicocxles gamoasalmes solomon pirvelis SviliSvili ivane abaSiZe, 1819-1820 wlis ajanyebis damarcxebis Semdeg solomon mefis dawyebuli br-Zola dasrulda da ruseTis imperiam faqtiurad daasrula imereTisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyroba.

wignze muSaobisas gamoviyeneT saqarTvelos saistorio arqivis, quTaisis saxelmwifo arqivis, quTaisis istoriuli muzeumisa da xelnawerTa erovnuli centris dokumentebi, romelTa umravlesoba dRemde ucnobi iyo qarTveli sazoga-doebisaTvis. wignze muSaobisas saarqivo dokumentebis garda gamoviyeneT Sesabamisi wyaroebi da XIX saukunis presa, rom-lebSic gadmocemulia solomon mefis realuri saxe da misi gansakuTrebuli mzrunveloba sakuTari xalxis mimarT.

vfiqrobT, winamdebare naSromi erTgvari pativis migebaa am Rvawlmosili xalxis mimarT. samecniero Tu mkiTxvel-Ta farTe wreebi bevr sagulisxmosa da STambeWdav faqts gaecnoba wignSi daxasiaTebul Tavdadebul mamuliSvilTa Sesaxeb.

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erze mzrunveli monarqi

imereTis mefe daviT arCilis Ze, igive solomon II, uka-naskneli monarqi iyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi. solomoni bagratovanTa ori samefo saxlis warmomadgeneli gaxldaT. mamamisi arCili imereTis gamoCenili mefis solomon pirvelisa da afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTalikos ioseb bagra-tionis Zma iyo, deda elene ki qarTl–kaxeTis saxelovani mefis erekle meoris (1762-1798) qaliSvili. daviT arCilis Ze biZis solomon mefis memkvidred iyo gamocxadebuli da saxelic biZis–sapativcemulod ewoda–solomoni. imereTis momavali mefe aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaizarda papis er-ekle meoris karze. solomons mama jer kidev mcirewlovans gardaecvala 1775 wels da misi aRzrda dedam ikisra. solo-monis gamefebaSi umTavresi roli Seasrula erekle meorem, romelsac uTqvams: „davsvam imereTisa taxtzed SviliSvilsa Cemsa da esreT kavSiriTa TaviT-TvisiT iqmneba erToba imereTs qarTlsa Tana,“ qarTl-kaxeTis mefe, solomonis imereTis tax-tze asvliT xedavda gamosavals, radgan igi misi SviliSvili iyo. 1789 wels, dasavleT saqarTvelodan erekle mefesTan Cavida delegacia, romelSic Sediodnen: eqvTime gaenaTeli, dosiTeos quTaTeli, sardali qaixosro wereTeli, sexnia wulukiZe, ioane abaSiZe, ioane agiaSvili, qaixosro CikvaiZe, ficiskacni: lorTqifaniZe, ioseliani, avaliani da sxvebi. erekle meores (romelsac ar surda mefe daviT mimtacebeli taxtisa inebos imereTis taxtze) imereTis mierTeba sTxoves, samwuxarod, ar Sedga saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da qarTl-kaxeTis mefem Tavisi SviliSvili daadgina imereTis taxtze. amisTvis erekle mefe SviliSvils samxedro ZaliTac daex-mara – „masve welsa waravlines jari qarTvelTa 4000 da

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Tana hyva sardlad muxranis batoni ioane qiziyis mouravi, zaqaria andronikaSvili, jardan ColoyaSvili, andronikaS-vili revaz da mefis Ze iulon. gardaagdes mefe daviT da ganamefes solomon meore quTaiss“ (ioseliani.1936:18). axal-gazrda mefes aseT rTul pirobebSi mouwia taxtze asvla, am saqmeSi umTavresi roli misma babuam erekle mefem iTamaSa. interess iwvevs solomon mefis erT-erTi pirveli xelmowera iverielTa erTobis traqtatze, romelSic qarTl–kaxeTis mefem, solomon meorem, odiSis mTavarma grigol dadianma da guriis mTavarma svimeonma erTguleba gamoucxades erTmaneTs. iverielTa traqtats solomon mefis Semdegi warwera amSve-nebs: „uflisa ieso qristes mona, mefe yovlisa saimereToisa SviliSvili Tqveni solomon qristianebriTa aRTqmiTa garw-munebT umaRlesis mefesa qarTls-kaxeTisa da sxvaTa meoresa iraklis, uganaTlebulessa ZeTa TqvenTa, keTilSobilTa da erTa zemosa iveriisaTa“ (iqve:20).

traqtatis meore pirze xels awers solomon mefe, de-dofali yovlisa saimereToisa da vice-kancleri solomon lioniZe. am striqonebSi aSkarad igrZnoba didi pativiscema erekle meorisadmi, radgan solomoni mis karze iyo aRz-rdili da swored iq Seiswavla is wes-Cveulebebi, rac mo-maval mefes unda scodnoda*. 1790 wels solomon mefe ukve daqorwinebuli iyo mariam kacias asul dadianze, romelic

*mesxur-imeruli dRiurebi solomonis mamis arCilis gar-dacvalebis Sesaxeb gvauwyebs: „arCil batoniSvili imereTs kacxs mokvda... arCili gelaTs miitanes dasaflavad. magram ar dafles, SeCvenebuliao“(saq. ist. qronikebi. 1980:271). savaraudod arCili gelaTis monastris galavnis gareT unda iyos dakrZaluli, ise, rogorc solomon pirvelis vaJi, romlis gardacvalebis Semdegac eklesiam gelaTSi dakrZalvis ufleba ar misca.

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iyo samegrelos mTavris grigol dadianis da. maTi qorwineba 1789 wels Sedga da am dros solomoni 17, xolo mariami 16 wlisa yofila. niko dadiani am qorwinebis Sesaxeb gvau-wyebs: „moiyvanes saqarTvelodam daviT arCilis Ze bagra-tioni, Zmiswuli pirvelis solomon mefisa, romeli zemo vaxseneT, garna eseca yrma da moiyvanes leCxums, sasaxlesa murs da misces meuRled asuli dadianisa kaciasi da dai grigolisi mariam da ukurTxes gvirgvini da qmnes qorwili“ (dadiani.1962:184). qorwilis Semdeg „ese orni yrmani, mimdo-belni RmerTisani“ leCxumidan samegreloSi sofel xunws wavidnen, sadac gaimarTa brZola imereTis mefe daviT gior-gis Zis jarsa da grigol dadians Soris, romelSic daviTi damarcxda. amis Semdeg gaamefes daviT arCilis Ze quTaisSi da am droidan ewoda mas biZis pativsacemad solomon meore. gelaTis gulani zust TariRs gvawvdis solomonis gamefebis Sesaxeb: „uoz (1789) ama qk–sa sruliad imerTa mefed iqmna Ze arCilisa meore solomon, Tvesa ivlissa: ia (11) dResa oTxSa-baTsa“ (Jordania.1967:405). imaves adasturebs karbelaSvilisa da anTaZis qronikebi. solomon meoris gamefebiT imereTSi, aRsrulda misi saxelovani biZis anderZi, radgan 1784 wels imereTis „samefo taxti miimZlavra misma biZaSvilma daviT giorgis Zem, namdvili memkvidre ki erekles asulis elenes Svili aTi wlis daviT arCilis Ze, im xanaT papasTan myofi“ (iqve:404) aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi imyofeboda, ase rom solomonis gamefeba imereTis samefo taxtze legitimuri iyo.

solomon mefis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebul naSromebSi ar aris saTanadod warmoCenili mefis piradi Rirsebebi, misi gansa-kuTrebuli mzrunveloba rigiT adamianebze, qvriv-oblebsa da ubralo xalxze. farTo sazogadoebisaTvis ar aris cno-

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bili mefis zusti fizikuri aRweriloba da a. S. rogorc aRvniSneT, araerTi avtori mizanmimarTulad cdilobda, yve-la saSualebiT daemcirebinaT solomon mefis pirovneba da igi warmoeCinaT susti nebisyofis arastabilur monarqad, romelmac ar icoda kritikul situaciebSi ra nabiji gadae-dga. arsebuli wyaroebisa da cnobebis safuZvelze, solomon mefe savsebiT gansxvavebul pirovnebad warmogvidgeba.

gansakuTrebiT faseulia petre gnilosarovis cnobebi solomon mefis Sesaxeb, romelic daibeWda, „Кавказский календар“-is 1859 wlis gamocemaSi. igive statia qarTul enaze daibeWda Jurnal ciskris 1859-1860 wlis gamocemebSi. petre gnilosarovi gadmogvcems, Tu, rogor iRebda solo-moni stumrebs sasaxleSi. quTaisSi mefes ori sasaxle gaaCn-da: pirveli mdebareobda hospitalTan cacxvebis siaxloves, romelic Sedgeboda oci oTaxisagan. meore sasaxle mde-bareobda qalaqis baRis mimdebare teritoriaze, romelsac uwodebdnen oqros Cardaxs. iqve mdebareobda mefis karis eklesia. swored aq ganmartovdeboda xolme mefe... „mWvre-tels Tvalwin warmoudgeboda mSvenieri Sexeduleba Sors mdebareTa mTaTa da rionis mindori, Tavis WalakebiTa da velebiTa, risTvisac uyvarda mefes aq sadilis mirTmeva da lxini, sadac miirTmevda sajavaxos Rvinos da emusaifeboda Tavis maxlobelTa, sasaxle romelSic maradis cxovrobda mefe siZvelisagan daiqca da darCa marto saZirkveli, rom-lis niSanzed aRSenda gimnaziisTvis abano, garna daSTenils saZirkvelzed etyoba, rom yofila friad didi. bevrs aq macxovrebels axsovT es sasaxle“ (ciskari:1859:351).

sasaxle naSeni yofila or rigad, qvemo rigi qviTkiris yofila, romelSic cxovrobdnen msaxurni da mefis kar-iskacni. samwuxarod, dRes am sasaxlis araviTari kvali aRar

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Cans oqros Cardaxis mimdebare teritoriaze, sasaxlis meore sarTuli xis yofila, romelSic iyo mefisa da dedoflis mosasvenebeli oTaxebi. am periodSi qalaqis centrSi e. w. „patara quTaisSi“ xis saxlebTan erTad qvis Senobebic yo-fila, „maT Soris – qvis eklesiebis nangrevebic, romelTagan erT-erTi maTgani qalaqis saufliswulo baRis mebaRes TavS-esafrad gamouyenebia, xolo meore qalaqis mmarTvelis binis samzareulod gadaukeTebiaT“ (kezevaZe.2013:266)*. uZvelesi eklesiebi quTaisis centrSi savaraudod osmalTa Semosevis Sedegad ganadgurda, saufliswulo baRi da sxva nagebobebi rusuli mmarTvelobis periodSi ganadgurda. es adgili 1833 wels unaxavs warmoSobiT frang mogzaurs diebua de mon-peres, romlis drosac am Senobis araviTari kvali aRar iyo. solomon mefe amis Sesaxeb jer kidev 1810 wels sayve-durobda rusebs, romlebsac mefis sasaxle daungreviaT. maT aseve rusul eklesiad gadaukeTebiaT mefis karis eklesia, romelic dResdReobiT aRar arsebobs. solomonis reziden-cias CrdiloeT mxares hqonia aseve alayafis Sesasvleli karebi. mefis oTaxSi daupatiJeblad aravis SeeZlo Sesvla, misi mowodebis Semdeg ki Tavadni da aznaurni: „Sevidodnen sastumro oTaxSi sruliad SeiaraRebulni da dadgebodnen gamoWimulni, vidre mefe gamobrZandeboda Tavis oTaxTagan da

*„samefo rezidenciis teritoriaze ganTavsda aseve „samxedro qalaqi“ anu „rusuli qalaqi“ romelic `mdinaris piras, oqros Cardaxis“ CrdiloeTiT iyo ganlagebuli, aqve hqondaT samxedro hospitali, xolo misgan Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi yazarmebi“ (kezevaZe. 2013: 266).

„oqros Cardaxi“ garSemortymuli yofila galavniT da mis garSemo TxriliT, romlis kvali mecxramete saukunis dasawyisi-saTvis aRar Canda. iqve yofila TaRiani apartamenti, romelsac zemodan xis Senoba edga, sasaxles irgvliv xSiri tye ertya.

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miesalmeboda mcire Tavis moxriT, maSin yvelani mis winaSe myofni calis xeliT daebjinebodnen Tofzed da meore xels miidebdnen gulzed, moiyridnen muxlsa da romelTanac in-ebebda mibrZanebasa mefe misasalmeblad, an visac dauZaxebda, moixreboda igi kalTaze an muxlze sakocnelad. da radgan solomon mefe iyo friad alersiani, mowyale da keTilmor-wmune, amisTvis TiTqmis yovelTvis Tavisi xeliT Seayenebda mis win muxls modrekils“ (ciskari.1859:352).

Cvens Tvalwin cocxldeba 200 wlis winandeli scena, sadac alersiani da mosiyvarule mefe Rebulobs Tavis qve-Sevrdomebs da qristianuli TavmdablobiT pasuxobda mis wi-naSe muxlmodrekil pirovnebas: „uxerxulia, ar aris saWiro, muxlmodreka saWiroa mxolod RvTis winaSe, me ki codvili adamiani var“ (Кавказский календар.1858:423). amasTanave sol-omon mefe Zalze RvTismosavi yofila, mefed kurTxevis dros mSvidi, Tavaziani, sityviT masiamovnebeli, igi yvelas uy-varda, man kargad icoda wminda werili, uyvarda sasuliero wignebis kiTxva, saubrobda Wkvianurad, hqonda mSvidi xasiaTi, iyo mxiaruli da gawonasworebuli. igi aRzrdili iyo Tavis gamoCenili babuis saqarTvelos mefe iraklis sasaxleSi, sa-dac mas Seuswavlia qarTuli wes-Cveulebebi (iqve:423-424). p. gnilosarovi solomon mefis Sesaxeb iseT detalebs gvau-wyebs, romlebic mas mefesTan axlos myof pirTagan unda hqonoda monaTxrobi, TxrobaSi ki mas yuradReba gamaxvile-buli aqvs mefis sulierebasa da ganaTlebaze. igi saubrobs aseve solomon mefis fizikur aRnagobasa da Cacmulobaze: „solomon mefe yofila saSualoze dabali, mrgvali pirisax-is, gaiRimebda saamoT da mimzidvelobiT. TviTon marad ecva qarTuli tansacmeli, axaluxis garda, romlis nacvlad ecua imeruli zubuni yuTnisa. mefes uyvarda mdidruli tanisa-

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mosis Snoianad Cacma. Coxas Seikeravda evropuli maudis sosnisa anu wablisfers, garSemo buzmen Semovlebuls, ganier lurj osmalur Salvars, qarTul samogvis waRebs, mwvane qoSebiT, wversa da Tavs iparsavda da ganuSorebliv exura maRali qarTuli qudi. gverdze welze ertya vercxlis qa-mari, zed xanjali mdidraT morTuli, gulze atarebda yov-elTvis oqros ZewkviT Zeli WeSmaritis xats, romelic gansa-kuTrebiT pativcemuli iyo imereTSi, ase rom masze daficeba did pativad iTvleboda imereTSi. zamTarSi Coxis naculad Caicvamda dabewvils xaverdis „tolomas“, xolo odes gamovi-doda sasaxlidan, maSin gadaigdebda marcxena mxares nabads da Semoirtyamda lekurs“ (ciskari.1860:70-71).

mefe iRviZebda 7 an 8 saaTze da midioda eklesiaSi wirvis mosasmenad. Tu igrZnobda avadmyofobis niSans an cudi amindi daedreboda, maSin wavidoda dedoflis oTaxSi, sadac yov-elTvis loculobda moZRvari kvirisa da uqme dRis garda, xolo uqme da kvira dRes dedofalic midioda wirvaze Tav-is karis eklesiaSi, im eklesiaSi, romelic iyo „batalionis saydrad da amJamad aris gimnaziis karis eklesiad. aq yofila patara Zveli samreklo naSeni Tlili qviT, romelic gim-naziis aSenebis dros undodaT daeqciaT, Tumc gansvenebulma voroncovma uaryo daqceva misi. sadils miirTmevda yovelT-vis TerTmet saaTze, xan dedofalTan, xan maT Tavadaznau-rTan, romelTac moiwvevda Tavis sasaxleSi. locvis Tqmis Semdeg moarTmevdnen vercxlis taSts da pirsaxocs xelis dasabanad, Semdeg ki moarTmevdnen saWmelsa: Roms vercxlis siniT da sxva saWmelebs brolis TefSebiT (iqve:71-72). aRdgo-mas, qristeSobasa da axal wels solomoni sadilze iwvevda mRvdelmTavarsa da samefo gvaris warmomadgenlebs, rom-lebic im periodSi Zalian cotani iyvnen. rogorc aRvniSneT, dReisaTvis am teritoriaze aRarc taZaria da aRarc sam-

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reklo, Tumca am cnobiT vigebT, rom XIX saukunis Suax-anebSi jer kidev orive arsebobda. p. gnilosarovis cnobiT, mefe zafxuls quTaisSi atarebda, saidanac diliT adre sanadirod dadioda sagorissa da rionis mindvrebSi, sadac mravlad yofila kurdReli da xoxobi. zamTars ki mefe varcixeSi atarebda.

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi solomon mefe mounaxulebia rus moxeles a. sokolovs, romelic am Sexvedris Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis. es Sexvedra unda gamarTuliyo 1802 wels raWaSi. „karavi romelSic mefem mimiRo iyo ubralo karavi, erT koSkze miSenebuli, gadaxuruli iyo simindis CaliT. am karavSi or-sam adgilas iyo ficrebi mofenili loginis, anu taxtis msgavsad. erTzed iyo gadafarebuli abreSumis xaliCa, romelic divnis magivrad iyo. misi aRmatebulebis tanisamosi iyo ubralo. qudi exura qarTuli (boxoxi), Coxa qarTuli mwvane maudisa, garSemo oqro-mkedis sirmiT Semkobili. Coxis sarCuli iyo abreSumisa. tanze ecva kidev wiTeli maudis axaluxi, TaTruli Salvari, magram ar Zlier farTe. ar-abuli waRebi wiTeli samugvis. abreSumis sartyelzed ekida satevari, oqroTi moWedili“ (Sroma.1882.№49:3). sokolovis monaTxrobi TiTqmis emTxveva p. gnilosarovis mier solomon mefis aRwerilobas.

solomon mefis mier erze mzrunvelobis brwyinvale ni-muSia 1808 wlis 20 maiss gamocemuli ganweseba, romelic gamosca „mefeman sruliad imereTisa da erTobiT yovlad samRvdeloTa da TavadTa imereTisaTa“. ganwesebis gamoqveyneb-is mizani iyo „keTilmzrunveloba erisaTvis samefosa Cvenisa“, vinaidan im periodSi adgili hqonia vaWarTa mier sxvadasxva produqtebsa da nivTebze gansakuTrebulad maRali fase-bis dawesebas, rasac mravali problema gamouwvevia. „mun ars gamwareba qvrivTa, obolTa da glaxakTa, romlisTvisac

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Tvinier sjulTa mefobrivTa, iTxovs sjulic bunebiTi da umetesad sjulTaca bunebiTaca gvibrZanebs sjulisdeba qristianebri, raTa SeWirvebulTa da glaxakTa erTa-Tana sazogadoTa aqvndes nugeSiscema nivTTa“ (droeba 1876, #132). qvriv–oblebze da gaWirvebulebze zrunva rogorc mefis, aseve qristianTa upirvelesi movaleoba iyo. amis gamo „ganm-syidvelebs da msyidvelebs“ mefem konkretulad ganusazRvra fasi saxvadasxva produqtebze. mag. sapane Rvino _ sam mar-Cilad, lobio da cercvi ori baTmani _ TxuTmet farad, Wilofi aT farad, xari sruli da msuqani _ oc marCilad, Zroxa msuqani didi _ Tormet marCilad, cxvari ori wlis didi msuqani _ as farad da a. S. sabuTs hqonia solomon mefis, mariam dedoflisa da eqvTime gaenaTelis beWdebi da, rogorc Cans, igi gamoqveynda da yvelas auwyebda „ama zemoT werils nivTebzed ganwesebuls faszed, romelic metad gahy-idis, rogorc mefisa da qveynis orguls, ise unda moekiTxos da asi marCili jarima gadaxdes“. miuxedavad imisa, rom sol-omoni am droisaTvis Tavad iyo mZime mdgomareobaSi da mas rusebis gamo quTaisSi aRar edgomeboda, mainc xalxze zru-navda da yvelafers akeTebda, raTa ubralo adamianebisaT-vis cxovreba Seemsubuqebina, xolo wesis damrRvevi sakmaod didi soliduri TanxiT jarimdeboda da mefisa da qveynis orgulad cxaddeboda. am SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs saqarT-veloSi saxelmwifoebrivi azrovnebisa da xalxze zrunvis aSkara gamoxatuleba, rac mefis umTavres mizans Seadgen-da, samwuxarod, ramdenime weliwadSi xalxze mzrunvelobisa da yovelive erovnuli ideologiis niSnebi iZulebiT gaqra saqarTveloSi da mTeli orasi wlis manZilze xalxze mz-runvelobis amgvari SemTxveva xelisuflebisaTvis sruliad ucxo iyo.

solomon mefis mier ubralo xalxze mzrunveloba mar-

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Tlac samagaliToa da Tanamedrove etapzec TiToeul qarTv-els gvaxsenebs im movaleobas, romelic ase ucxo iyo CvenTvis ori saukunis manZilze. erovnuli ideologiis aSkara SimSils ganvicdiT dResac da solomon mefis moRvaweobis Seswavla am TvalsazrisiT friad sainteresoa, mravali sakiTxi axle-bur gaazrebasa da Seswavlas saWiroebs. samwuxarod, qarTvel mefeTa Rvawli amgvari mimarTulebiT Seuswavlelia.

solomon mefis Sesaxeb arsebuli Seuswavleli sabuTe-bi, romlebic mravlad moipoveba saqarTvelos arqivebsa da muzeumebSi, SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs realurad davinaxoT saqarTvelos ukanaskneli gmiri mefis saxe, romelmac samSob-los sakeTildReod mravali iRvawa, igi yvela saSualebiT Seecada gadaerCina da TviTmyofadoba SeenarCunebina patara imereTisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis winaaRmdeg udidesi da uZlieresi ruseTis imperia ibrZoda. misi cxovreba sam-Soblos siyvarulisa da Tavdadebis brwyinvale magaliTia. am epoqam uamrav gmirTan erTad, samSoblos mravali moR-alatec Sva, romlebmac piradi keTildReobisa Tu oqros moxveWis surviliT samSoblo uaryves da pirvelive SemTx-vevisas ruseTis samsaxurSi Cadgnen, Tumca istoriam yvelas Tavisi kuTvnili adgili miuCina, maT Soris SeiZleba gam-ovyoT solomonis uaxloesi adamiani, imereTis mefis saxl-Tuxucesi zurab wereTeli, romelmac erT-erTma pirvelma uRalata mefes. vfiqrobT, aRniSnulma epoqam bevr rameze unda dagvafiqros da Tanamedrove etapzec sworad ganvsa-joT movlenebi, romlebic saqarTvelos momavals ukavSird-eba. gmiri mefe solomonis cxovreba ki yvelasTvis magaliTi unda iyos (tyeSelaSvili. 2015:108).

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solomon meoris moRvaweobis dasawyisi

solomon mefesa da mariam dedofals memkvidre ar hyav-daT da, bunebrivia, amas ganicdidnen. quTaisis muzeumis xel-nawerTa fondSi daculi sabuTebiT irkveva, rom solomonis samefoSi cxovrobda konstantine batoniSvili (daviT giorgis Zis memkvidre) da igi, rogorc ufliswuli gascemda sige-lebs. aqedan gamomdinare naTelia, rom konstantine batoniS-vili solomonis memkvidred moiazreboda. amis dasturia 1799 wlis 23 Tebervals gacemuli wyalobis sigeli: „q. nebiTa da wyalobiTa RvTisaTa Cven iesian daviTian solomonian pank-ratoanman, sruliad lixT-imerTa ufliswulman batonisS-vilman konstantine wyalobis wigni dagiwereT, Cems sayva-rels siZes cixisTavs sardal qeSikTuxuces agiaSvils daviTs da Cems sayvarels das batonisSvils anastasias da TqvenTa SvilTa da momavalTa saxlisa TqvenisaTa, (swiravs forCx-iZeebs, nikolaZeebs) Tavis col-SviliT, mamuliT“ (qim.986). sigelis bolos moxsenebuli arian: batoniSvili rostom, abaSiZe ivane da mouravi saCino baraTaSvili. konstantine batoniSvili sigelSi bagratovanTa samefo saxlis srulu-flebian wevrad miiCnevs Tavs da sigels amtkicebs aseve Tavisi beWdiT. konstantine batoniSvilis daze zrunavda aseve solomon mefe da mariam dedofali, rac maT Rirse-baze metyvelebs. cnobilia, rom daviT mefesa da solomons Soris ar iyo kargi damokidebuleba. miuxedavad amisa 1792 wels, solomon mefe daviT mefis qaliSvils wyalobisa da samziTvo wigns aZleven: „daviTis asuls anastasias SvilTa da momavalTa saxlisa SenisaTa... rodesac mamaSenman ag-iaSvils daviTs migaTxova imJamad aRar dascalda SenTvis samziTvoT glexis da mamulis mocema da gardaicvala da mas mermeT Cven gvevedreT da Tqven mieri vedreba vismine

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da wyaloba giyav da mamaSenis samkvidro kacebi Cxars giboZe da gamziTveT“ (qim.978).

solomoni meuRlesTan erTad iRvwoda, raTa Tavisi saxelovani biZis–solomon pirvelis saxeli ar yofiliyo daviwyebuli, radgan solomon pirvels gansakuTrebuli dam-saxureba hqonda samSoblos mimarT, man gaaZeva osmalebi dasavleT saqarTvelodan: „uSjuloTa mahmadianTa ZiriTur-TaRmomfxvreli da qristesTvis mravalgzis sisxldaTxeuli-imerTa meore aRmaSenebeli batoni biZaCemi mefe solomon gardaicvala da viTarca survili iyo safarvelsa Sensa egreT miemTxva da mravalmoRvawe gvami misi daidva wminda didebulsa taZarsa Sensa da meca vinebe knini odenis msax-urebisa aRsruleba did saxelovnisa mis mefisa raTa wminda taZarsa Sina ukunisamde saxeli misi dauviwyeblad ixsen-ebodes da Sevswire wminda Sensa eklesias gelaTs mTavars saydars sami mosaxle uria kokasSvilebi da erTi mosaxle somexi andria miqelasSvili“ (kakabaZe. 1921. II:95–96). aRniS-nul vaWrebs daades begara, xolo yovel giorgoba dRes TviTon gaenaTels, Tavisi krebuliTurT micvalebuli mefis solomonisaTvis Jamis wirva unda aResrulebina.

solomon mefe gansakuTrebul madlierebas gamoxatavs sa-kuTari biZis mimarT 1791 wels daweril sigelSi, romelSic igi aseve sakuTar mamas arCilsac moixseniebs: „mefeman didman saxeloanman solomon, da yovelsave Wirsa da brZolasa Sina myofman da Tana mbrZolman Zmaman misman sasurvelman Zli-erman da axooanman saimereTes ufliswulman batoniSvilman arCil odes nebiTa RvTisaTa... dasdves suli Tvisi, viTarca mwyemsman keTilman samwysoTa TvisiTaTvis, da ara rida Tavsa Tvissa“ (qim.138). solomon pirvelma gandevna Tavis qveynidan agarianTa naTesavi, romelTac daepyraT imereTi da mravali ubedureba SeamTxvies xalxs-qristianebs tyveebad yididnen, amasTanave maT sxva mravali uwesobiT garyvnes qveyana da „quab avazakTa“ samyofelad aqcies, Tumca saxelovanma mefe

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solomonma da „sayuarelman Zmaman misman axoanman batoniS-vilman arCil, aRiRes Suri viTa finezman da gangmires guli maTi, mravalgzis uricxu laSqarTa wyobiTa, da sisxlTa maTTa mier morwyes qveyana Tvisi, da Semdgomad cixenica miuxunes da sruliad iavaryves, da aRmofxures mizgiTni maTni, da daadumes maT Soris bilwisa mohamedisa qadage-bani“. maT mier aseve gamoxsnili iqna mravali qristiani da eklesia-monastrebi ganTavisufldnen osmalTa zegavlenisa-gan. biZis gardacvalebis Semdeg solomon mefem ori mizezis gamo saWirod CaTvala solomon pirvelis sulis saoxad ezruna, pirveli – „RuwisaTvis amis queyanisa, vinadgan agari-anTa monebisagan gamoixsna, da kvalad amisTvis romel mamo-bisa adgili man aRmoavso Cemda, viTa pirmSo Ze egreT miwada da Semitkbo, da SromiT povnili taxti mefobisa Tvisisa, CemTvis ganasakuTra“. Tavisi biZis mimarT uzomod madlieri mefe solomoni rogorc ki taxtze avida, maSinve daiwyo _ „zrunvad da msaxurebad patiosnisa sulisaTvis misisa“, risTvisac man gamoarCia: „mRvdeli vinme patiosani daviT misve mefisa solomonisgan pativcemuli“ gvarad wereTeli, romelic jruWis wmida giorgis eklesiaSi imsaxurebda sol-omon pirvelis sulis saoxad. sigelSi solomon mefe zed-miwevniT CamoTvlis solomon pirvelis yvela damsaxurebas samSoblos mimarT, ris gamoc Tavis pasuxismgeblobad mi-iCnevs, izrunos saxelovani mefis sulis saoxad, romelmac igi Tavis memkvidred gamoirCia. solomon mefe aseve zru-navda solomon pirvelis meuRle gulqanisadmi, romelsac ubrunebs Tavis ymas giorgi alfaiZes, xolo gulqan dedo-falis gardacvalebis Semdeg 1803 wels solomonma gelaTis monasters Seswira WiTavebis ojaxi, gulqan dedofali ki gelaTSi dasavleTis mxares karibWeSi daukrZalavT, RvTism-Soblis vedrebis xatis pirispir, xolo gulqan dedoflis sulis saoxad suliwmindis mosvlis yovel SabaTs wirva unda aRsrulebuliyo (kakabaZe. 1921. II: 140). sakuTari biZis

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gansakuTrebul damsaxurebaze metyvelebs aseve 1792 wlis sigelis minaweri, romelic uSualod solomon meoris mier unda iyos Sesrulebuli: „iverTa meoresa aRmaSenebelisa agarianTa sisxlTa mrRvnelisa. tomebiT daviTnisa, umaRle-sisa mefisa da mamebr sawyaloblisa Cemisa biZisa da batonisa solomon iverTa mpyrobelisasa aRwerilsa sigelsa amas Ze arCilisa meore solomon... vamtkiceb“ (qim. 706).

solomon mefe cdilobda, Tavisi saxelovani biZis solo-mon pirvelis gankargulebebi vinmes ar daerRvia, rasac mow-mobs misi 1794 wlis 3 martis brZaneba. „sruliad imerTa mefeman Zeman arCilisaman meoreman solomon daviTian man ese gibrZane yovelTa moxeleTa CemTa mouravTa, xelosanTa, nacualTa, xelTufalTa, mamasaxlisTa, rom gelaTs wmindis marinis ekvdrisaTvis da dedoflis mariamis sasaflaosT-vis maTs didebulebs mefes solomons glexebi, mamuli da vaWrebi Seuwiravs da misi brZanebis davTarica amas acx-adebs. misis winamZRvris mets imaTs mamulzed, glexebzed da vaWrebzed saqme ar aqvs da mec es mibrZanebia yovels moxelisaTvis“ (qim.106). mefis brZanebis mixedviT solomon pirvelis meuRlis mariamis saZvale gelaTSi, wminda marines saxelobis ekvderSi yofila da am sasaflaosTvis solomon pirvels mravlad Seuwiravs glexebi, vaWrebi da mamulebi. Rirseuli Zmiswuli ki xelaxal brZanebas gamoscems da Tavis moxeleebs afrTxilebs, rom misi biZis brZaneba ar dairRves da wminda marines ekvderis glexebsa da mamulebs vinme ar Seexos. gansakuTrebul interss iwvevs manuCar dadianis mier gagzavnili wigni imereTis mefe solomonisadmi, sadac is iu-wyeba: „Cvens samflobeloSi odiSs ukeTuris eSmakis saZraxi saqmiT uSjuloeba da RvTis ganmarisxebi tyvis syidva ra-modenisame adgilidam moqmedebda. aw Tqven amisi Cvenis adg-ilidam gardagdeba da srulad aRmofxvra inebeT da rogorc Tqvens RvTis moSiSebas munda isre saerTo Zmebis siyvaruli izruneT, misi simtkice iTxoveT Cvengan, rom Cuens mamulSi

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es uRToeba da RvTis ganmarisxebeli uSjuloeba moiSalos“ (scsa.f.1448 s.1464). RvTismoSiSi mefe samegreloSi zogierT adgilze SemorCenili saSineli codvis _ tyveTa syidvis gauqmebas iTxovda da amisaken mouwodebda yvelas, vinc am ubedurebaSi monawileobda.

1895 wels solomon mefem krwanisis brZolaSi miiRo monawileoba. 22 wlis axalgazrda mefes sakuTar aRmzrdel babuis mxardamxar mouwia mterTan brZola. sxvadasxva avtor-ma krwanisis brZolis Semdeg mizanmimarTuli yalbi cnoba gaavrcela imerTa Ralatisa da TbilisSi SesaZlo laSqro-bis Sesaxeb. rogorc istorikosma m. rexviaSvilma gamoarkvia es faqti ar dasturdeba da „amer–imeris erTianobis mtrebis mier mogonili braldeba imis Sesaxeb, rom imerlebma erekle mefes uRalates krwanisis velze, qarTuli wyaroebis Se-jerebis Sedegad ar dasturdeba~ (rexviaSvili.1989:324). gan-sakuTrebiT cilismwamebluri iyo rusi avtoris dubrovinis SeTxzuli ambavi, TiTqos imerlebs 10 000 kaci gaetacoT qarTlidan da osmaleTSi gaeyidoT. ereklesa da solomonis uTanasworo brZolis Sesaxeb erTi Zveli minaweri gvauwyebs, romelic Tanamedroveebs gaukeTebia 1785 wels gamocemul vaxuSti batoniSvilis geografiaze: „seqtembris ia (11) yajari xoja mamadxan moadga tfiliss. mefe saqarTvelosi irakli da mefe imerTa solomon Seebnen seidabaTsa da krwanisis baRebTana da codvaTa CvenTaTvis iZlivnes! orni ese mefeni qarTveli da kaxi da imerni. mohyvnen sparsni da masve dResa samSabaTsa aRiRes tfilisi qalaqi... orni ese mefeni ga-neren mSvidobiT“ (xelnawerTa aRweriloba. VI. 1969:82). uTa-nasworo brZola qarTvel mefeTa damarcxebiT dasrulda, rasac Tbilisis aReba mohyva, magram am saqmeSi imereTis mefis dadanaSauleba yovlad gaumarTlebeli saqmea.

solomon mefis Sesaxeb arsebuli gamoqveynebuli, Tu gamouqveynebeli dokumentebi naTlad mowmobs, rogor zru-navda mefe eklesia-monastrebaze, rogor exmareboda qvriv-

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oblebs. solomoni mraval Sesawirs uZRvnida eklesiebs, rom mis saxelze Jamis wirva aResrulebinaT da misi mox-senieba ar Sewyvetiliyo. igi aseve mamulebs swiravda, raTa misi mSoblebis moxsenieba saukunod yofiliyo.

1792 wels mariam dadiani erT koml mosaxles swiravs sxvavis udabnos, risTvisac 29 agvistos ioane naTlismcem-lis TaviskveTis dRes udabnos mamas Tavis krebuliT samefo ojaxisaTvis Jamis wirva unda aResrulebina (s.c.s.a.f.1448 s.4437). 1796 wels solomon mefe Sesawirs swiravs tabakinis wminda nikolozis saxelobis monasters, „yovel weliwads Cemis moxelis... oc–oci uremi garCeuli simindi mogerTmeo-dis~ (s.c.s.a.f.1448.s.4438). momdevno wels solomon mefe da mariam dedofali aaxleben gognis udabnos Sewirulebis si-gels da axal mamulebs swiraven mas, gognis udabno „kurTx-euls biZaCems mefe solomons da dedofal mariams rodesac gognis udabno eSenebina da misTvis glexebi da adgil–mamuli da vaWrebi Seewira“ (s.c.s.a.f.1448.s.3161) aRniSnulia sigelSi. 1794 wlis sigeliT solomon mefe Tavis TanamecxedresTan erTad mamulebs swiravs kacxis macxovris saxelobis ekle-sias da amis eklesiis: „msaxurTa winamZRvarTa dekanozTa da krebulTa SabaTs xorcTa aRebisasa netarad xsenebisa mamis Cemisa mefis aleqsandris Zisa arCilisaTvis, dedisa Cemisa qarTvelTa da kaxTa mefis asulisaTvis elened wodebu-lisTvis Jams swiravdnen da kviriakesa Tomasasa winamZRvar – dekanoz – krebuliTurT CemTvis Jams swiravdes da ekle-sias Sensa STamomavalni ymani taZrisa Senisani CemTvis locvas yofdeT“ (qim.№104). rogorc Cans, dedofal mari-ams gansakuTrebuli sasoeba gaaCnda kacxis macxovrisadmi, radgan 1797 wels taZars Sewiruloba ganuaxla da ori ebraeli komli Seswira eklesias: „qalwulisa mariamisagan xorciTa Sobilo da gamoCinebulo macxovar kacxisao da mx-snelo bunebisa Cvenisao, yovelTa sityvierTa bunebaTa mier satrfialovo da dumiliT Tayvanismcemeli, tkbilo ieso

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mrCoblTa bunebaTa Sina cnobilo... Senisa usazRvrosa mowy-alebasa mondobili yovlisa saimereTosa dedofali mariam dadianis asuli, romelman vinebe caTa mobaZavisa eklesiasa Senisa Sewirulobisa ganaxleba da kvalad damtkiceba raTa Seuryevelad egos vidre ukunisamde... romel did marxvis ormeocSi saukunod macxovris eklesiazed solomonis da Cveni mwirvelni unda iyvnen da maradis Cveni warmarTebi-saTvis ilocvidnen“ (qim.132). aRsaniSnavia, rom sigelis mow-meTa Soris ixsenieba yovlad samRvdelo dosiTeosi, wu-lukiZe giorgi, romelsac mariam dedofali biZas uwodebs da „Cveni moZRvari iSxneli svimon“, es svimoni unda iyos mariam dedoflis moZRvari. saarqivo masalebiT dasturdeba, rom solomon mefem Tavis meuRle mariamTan erTad mraval eklesia–monasters Seswira mamulebi, ganuaxla sigelebi. maT Soris iloris wminda giorgis, nikorwmindis taZars, gelaTis macxovris ekvders, Cxaris wminda giorgis da Rirsi mama sabas eklesias, quTaisis soboros, gelaTis wminda giorgis, sviris wminda giorgis da wminda marines eklesias. solomon mefis brZanebiT aikrZala mowameTis monastris mamulebis xelyofa: „rogorc Zvelad yofila Zvels saficarSid, monastris adg-ilSi quTaTurma vaWarma somexi iyos Tu uria an sxva sjuli vinme vaWari ukiTxavaT ar daecilos monastris miwa–wyals, ar SemoiWras, arc Tevzaoba iqmnas da arc yanis Robe moiparos da arc cxenis SeSveba iqmnes, Torem Cveni mefisa da dedof-lisagan wigniT brZaneba gvaqvs“ (scsa.f1448s.2246). saqarTvelos saistorio arqivSi inaxeba solomon mefis bebiis darejan de-doflis werili solomonisadmi: „solomons mis simaRles Cvens SviliSvils sruliad imerTa mefes. saqarTvelos dedo-fal darejan mraval Tqven sakadris mokiTxvas da uvneblad sufevis wadiliT Cems sasurvels pirs kocnas mogaxseneb. mere qristes saflavis ymam zaqariam Cven arzi mogvarTva da mogvax-sena, radgan qristes saflavis yma aris amas baJi arsad ar eTxoveba da veravin gamoarTmevs. mand imereTs bevrs alagas

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baJs iReben da amasaca Turme rjian, viTxovT Tqvenis simaRl-isagan radgan qristes saflavis yma aris da aras dros ar gam-orTmevia arc axla gamoerTos... Tqveni sadRegrZeloc iqneba“ (sca.f1450s.38). solomon mefe winaparTa mier dadgenili wese-bis aRdgena-ganaxlebazec zrunavda, rasac adasturebs 1802 wlis sigeli, romlis mixedviTac gelaTis monasters jer kidev daviT aRmaSeneblis droidan mravali adgil-mamuli da yma hyavda Sewiruli aseve „sawinamZRvroT ganewesa da maTTvis saZvaloT ganewesaT da agreTve STamomavlobiT CvenTa ZvelTa papaTa da mamaTa es eklesia edidebiaT, magram udroobisagan da JamTa viTarebisagan Tavadebs usamarTlobiT Seni eklesiis mamulebi da adgilebi mietacaT, ganeryvnaT, daeyidnaT“ (kaka-baZe.1921. II:121). solomonma „xatis mamulSi“ winamZRvrebi daad-gina, Zveli davTari aRadgina da gelaTis mamulebSi argveTSi, okribasa da yvelgan mouravis dadgena akrZala.

solomon mefes sakmaod soliduri Semosavali hqonda, rac rusi moxeleebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT interesis sfero gamxdara. mefis Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros Seadgenda ba-Jebi da savaWro gadasaxadebi. mefe ijariT scemda saba-Jo Semosavals adgilobrivi bazrebisagan, samRebroebisagan, quTaisis duqnebisagan da sxva. mas yovelwliurad 97 qesa fuls aZlevda. qesa _ 500 marCils, (TiTo marCilSi 52 faras angariSobdnen) anu 120 vercxlis maneTi. imereTis sx-vadasxva soflebsa da quTaisSi mefe daaxloebiT 1500–mde ymas flobda da misi wliuri Semosavali, naturiT da fu-liT erTad daaxloebiT 30–40 aTas maneTamde aRwevda. sa-begro Semosavali fulze gadayvaniT udrida 20 896 maneTs, amas emateboda savaWro–saijaro Semosavali 14 080 maneTi (gonikiSvili.1979:25). solomon mefe am Semosavals qveynis ganviTarebas, eklesia–monastrebis mSeneblobasa da sxva mniS-vnelovan saqmeebs axmarda.

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elaznauris xelSekruleba da urTierToba ruseTis imperiasTan

solomon mefis moRvaweobis pirvel periodSi (1789–1802), mas mouwia samTavroebis winaaRmdeg brZola, romlebic yovelnairad ewinaaRmdegebodnen imereTis mefis gaZliere-bas da amisaTvis arafers ar eridebodnen. XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ki isini ruseTis erTgulebis gzas daadgnen, raTa solomoni kidev ufro daesustebinaT. am periodSi solomon mefis survili iyo gaeerTianebina dasavleT saqarTvelo, sab-olood daemorCilebina guria–samegrelo da afxazeTi, raTa mas SeZleboda dasavleT saqarTvelodan osmalebi gaeZevebina, Tumca solomonis aRniSnuli gegmebi ar Sedioda arc ruse-Tis da arc osmaleTis interesebSi, orive es imperia imxanad erTmaneTis mokavSire gaxda, ramac kidev ufro daZaba situa-cia. „imereTis mefis politikur gegmebis warmatebas ruseTis mTavroba im mxriTac xels uSlida, rom man moSala qarTl–kaxeTis samefo da axla is imereTis saSinao saqmeebSiac Ca-eria“ (berZeniSvili.1965:284). solomons moRvaweobis meore periodSi mouwia uTanasworo brZola ruseTis uZlieres im-periasTan, romlis drosac mTavrebma kvlav araswori gza air-Cies da rusebTan kavSiriT, Seecadnen solomonis ganadgure-bas, maTma amgvarma poziciam bunebrivia daaCqara imereTis da saerTod dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyroba rusebis mier. bagrationTa dinastiis yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT dasavleT saqarTvelos politikur moRvaweebs. Seqmnili mdgomareobidan Tavis dasaRwevad imereTis samefo karis mesveurebma Semdegi RonisZiebebi dasaxes: `dasavleT saqarTveloSi mTavrebis damorCilebiT unda damyarebuliyo mefis Zlieri xelisufleba, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iulon

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batoniSvilisaTvis unda SeenarCunebinaT taxtis memkvidreo-ba, rac solomonis fiqriT, imereTis samefos damoukidebeli arsebobis garantia iqneboda~ (rexviaSvili.1989:328). solomon mefis Sorsgamiznuli saxelmwifoebrivi nabijebi miuRebeli iyo ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis, radgan solomoni ibrZoda, rogorc sakuTari taxtis, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi bagrationTa samefo taxtis aRdgenisaTvis, Tuki solomoni moaxerxebda da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi misi mkvidri biZa iuloni taxts daeufleboda, am SemTxvevaSi igic ganimt-kicebda taxts imereTSi, amasTanave aucilebeli iyo imereTis mefes daqvemdebareboda dasavleT saqarTvelos samTavroebi. Tumca, unda aRvniSnoT, rom yvelaferi gakeTda, raTa solo-monis gegmebi ar ganxorcielebuliyo.

mTavrebis dadianis da gurielis upasuxismgeblo, anti-erovnulma moqmedebam mZime Sedegebi moitana, maT sakuTari mefis erTgulebas arCies ufro Zlier da ucxo imperiasTan mokavSireoba, romelmac Semdeg samTavroebis mimarTac misT-vis Cveuli politika gaatara. ruseTma kargad gamoiyena sol-omonisa da grigol dadianis dapirispireba, radgan grigol dadianma ruseTis xelisuflebas 1802 wels daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa da 1803 wlis 4 dekembers man ruseTis qveSevrdomoba miiRo. am faqtma solomon mefis poziciebi kidev ufro Sea-susta. marcxiT dasrulda aseve solomon lioniZis elCoba peterburgSi, radgan imereTis mefis pirobebi ruseTisTvis mi-uRebeli iyo. amas axali ubedurebac daemata da samwuxar-od mTavrebis gzas imereTis bevri Tavadic daadga, romlebic pavle cicianovis mier iqnen mosyidulni: „saWirod CavTvale imereTSi Sesvlis win iq gamegzavna oqro–vercxlis avangar-di... oqros „avangardma“ marTlac gasWra– mefis „erTguli“ Tavadebi swrafad gadadiodnen cicianovis mxareze. giorgi

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abaSiZem erTdroulad aTi aTasi maneTi miiRo moRalatee-bze gasanawileblad“ (iqve:340). cicianovs marTalia imereTSi mefis xelisuflebis gauqmeba hqonda davalebuli, magram man Zalebis simciris gamo, nebayoflobiTi xelSekrulebis dade-ba CaTvala saWirod.

cicianovma solomon mefis gasatexad mravalgvar saSu-alebas mimarTa. jer imperatoris mokiTxvis wigni gaugzavna, sadac xelmwife „siyvaruls“ da „mSvidobas“ auwyebda gaeWvi-anebul mefes, Semdeg ki qrTami aamoqmeda. bolos man saku-Tari warmomadgeneli gagzavna da mefes konstantine batoniS-vilis ganTavisufleba kategorulad mosTxova. da solomon mefe, oTxi Tvis molaparakebis Semdeg, dayva cicianovis ne-bas, konstantine batoniSvili gaaTavisufla da TviTon xe-lmwifis safarvelSi Sesvlac iTxova (berZeniSvli.1965:288). jer kidev xelSekrulebis dadebamde ruseTis jari general tuCkovisa da polkovnik erisTavis winamZRolobiT imereTSi SeiWra da xalxs ruseTis imperatoris erTgulebaze ficis miReba daawyebina. solomon mefe da pavle cicianovi erT-maneTs imereTis sazRvarze sofel elaznaurSi Sexvdnen da 1804 wlis 25 aprils solomon mefem xeli moawera Txovnas ruseTis qveSevrdomad Sesvlis Sesaxeb. am xelSekrulebiT Zalze izRudeboda solomon mefis araerTi ufleba, maT So-ris igi xels iRebda sxva saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis Ses-aZleblobaze, xolo saSinao saqmeebidan _ sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa warmoebaze. sadavod darCa leCxumis sakiTxi, radgan igi dadians hqonda mitacebuli, guria ki solomonis qveSevr-domobaSi darCa. rac yvelaze mTavari iyo solomons mefoba saukunod umtkicdeboda, xolo Svilis aryolis SemTxvevaSi mis memkvidred konstantine batoniSvili (daviT mefis Svili) cxaddeboda. solomons evaleboda aseve rusuli jaris sur-

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saT–sanovagiT uzrunvelyofa. solomon mefisa da cicianovis Sexvedris Sesaxeb Jurnal `droebis~ 1910 wlis furclebze vkiTxulobT: „elaznauris xelSekrulebis xelis moweris Semdeg, roca mefe da cicianovi erTad darCnen – solomoni Seexvewa Seeficna jvarze da saxarebaze, rom aRniSnuls pi-robebs pirnaTlaT Seasrulebda ruseTis mTavroba da sikv-dilamdis mefed darCeboda. cicianovma piroba misca, rom yvelafers pirnaTlad Seasrulebda“ (droeba.1910:3). Tumca pavle cicianovs, Tu nebismier rus moxeles mxolod im-periis gafarToeba amoZravebda da naklebad swuxdnen ficis darRvevaze, romelTac isini wminda saxarebasa Tu jvarze debdnen, SemdgomSic araerTxel daarRvies rusma moxeleebma amgvari fici, rac maTTvis mxolod miznis miRwevis SesaZle-bloba iyo.

„rusis mmarTveli wreebi tfilisSi da maTi warmomadgen-lebi quTaisSi imdenad agresiul gzas adgnen, rom araviTar ndobas imerT Soris ar iwvevdnen. odiSze uaris Tqma da me-fis faqtiurad dadianTan gaTanasworeba didi Seuracxyofa iyo im saukuneebiT SemuSavebul uflebriv Segnebisa, romel-ic axasiaTebda imereTis mefeTa saxelmwifoebriv Semecnebas“ (kakabaZe.1920:172). elaznauris xelSekrulebiT, bunebrivia, ir-Rveoda saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli wesebi da bagratovanTa saxelmwifos marTvis tradiciebi da amjerad es qristianuli imperiis uSualo CareviT da ZaldatanebiT ganxorcielda. „solomon meore Tavidanve xvdeboda, rom es garantiebi myari ar iyo, amitom uars ambobda imereTis „ga-bednierebisaTvis“ madlobis mosaxseneblad imperatoris karze delegaciis gagzavnaze, rasac misgan daJinebiT moiTxovdnen. ruseTs es msoflios TvalSi Tavisi udanaSaulobis dasamt-kiceblad da kidev imisaTvis sWirdeboda, rom Tundac sauku-

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neebis gasvlis Semdeg, yvelaferi qarTvel mefeebs dabrale-bodaT... sakuTar samefoSi ltolvilad qceuli qarTveli mefe wlobiT tyes afarebda Tavs“ (xomeriki.2010:3). solomon mefis urTierToba gansakuTrebiT daiZaba rusul mxaresTan imereTSi ruseTis sagangebo moxelis petre litvinovis Cas-vlis Semdeg. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom solomonisadmi Zli-er kritikulad ganwyobili samefo Cinovniki litvinovi da polkovniki simonoviCic aRiarebdnen, rom „xelisuflebis er-Tianoba da garkveuli wesrigi arsebobs imereTSi“, rom mefe aq ufro axlos dgas xalxTan, vidre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (Пирцхалаишвили. 1942:35). rusma moxelem Tavisi qmedebe-biT, swored am wesrigisa da urTierTobebis dasarRvevad yvelaferi gaakeTa. misi azriT „imereTSi igive mmarTveloba unda damyarebuliyo, rogoric iyo qarTl-kaxeTSi, mefe ki raRac mizeziT gawveuli yofiliyo ruseTSi, raTa imereTSi simSvide damyarebiliyo“ (Акты,IV:4). litvinovi Seecada im-ereTis mefe da samegrelos mTavari moerigebina, im mizniT, rom ruseTs ufro iolad ganexorcielebina Tavisi miznebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi da daekavebina foTis cixe, romelic osmalebs ekava. sinamdvileSi rusebi arc erTs ar endobodnen da xelSekrulebebi romlebic imereTis mefesa da samegrelos mTavarTan dades maTi miznebis nawili iyo, raTa momavalSi maTi politika ufro iolad gaeterebinaT. situacia daiZaba dadianis mier leCxumSi WyviSis cixis aRebisa da dexviris cixis alyaSi moqcevis Semdeg. rusma moxeleebma solomonis winaaRmdeg ganawyves aseve guriis mTavris saxlis wevrebi da TviT konstantine batoniSvilic, romelmac sworad Seafasa movlenebi da 1804 wlis 12 ivniss igi Tbilisidan gaiqca da solomon mefesTan mivida. bunebrivia am yvelafris Semdeg solomoni darwmunda, rom rusebis ndoba ar SeiZleboda

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da imereTSi rusuli jarebis Semosvlis Semdeg man quTaisi datova.

xedavda ra aRmosavleT saqarTvelos magaliTs, solo-mon meores imedi ar hqonda mefis xelisuflebis didi xniT SenarCunebisa da is saidumlod gaipara quTaisidan Tavis varcixis sasaxleSi, romelic uRran tyeebsa da Waobebs Soris mdebareobda (xaWapuriZe.1958:51). elaznauris xelSekrulebiT solomoni imereTSi 500 jariskacze mets ar eloda, Tumca rusebma amjeradac masTan SeuTanxmebeli nabiji gadadges. solomon mefem ukanaskneli qarTuli samefos gadasarCenad daiwyo moqmedebebi, mas urTierToba daumyarebia sparseTis SahTan, baba–xanTan, axalcixis faSa selimTan da igi ramden-jerme Sexvedria aleqsandre batoniSvils. solomon mefem iulon da farnaoz batoniSvilTa ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Sem-deg, kavSiri daamyara sparseTSi myof aleqsandre batoniS-vilTan, romelic ukanaskneli imedi iyo, raTa aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aRdgeniliyo bagrationTa legitimuri ufleba taxtis marTvisa. miuxedavad imisa, rom sparseTi da osmale-Ti istoriulad qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis dauZinebeli mtrebi iyvnen, magram gansakuTrebuli safrTxis gamo solo-mon mefem da aleqsandre batoniSvilma saWirod CaTvales maTi daxmarebiT, gadaerCinaT TavianTi mravaltanjuli sam-Soblo, romelsac iseTi gansacdelis dReebi daudga, rom-lis msgavsic winad arasodes damdgara, Tumca saqarTvelos warsulSi araerTi ubedureba unaxavs.

faqtia, rom solomon mefes gaaCnda „diplomatiuri niWi, mas SeeZlo saqmis viTarebis mixedviT swrafi orientacia...jer kidev 1794 wlidan iyo mWidro kavSirSi solomoni er-ekle meoris gamorCeul SvilTan aleqsandre batoniSvilTan, roca igi daexmara solomons taxtis SenarCunebaSi. Znelia

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dRes imis dadgena rogor iyo ganawilebuli rolebi solo-monsa da aleqsandres Soris, maT mier ruseTis winaaRmdeg warmoebul omSi da saboloo direqtivas romeli iZleoda“ (Пирцхалаишвили.1942:36). solomon mefe da aleqsandre ba-toniSvili iyvnen im Tavdadebul bagrationTa Soris uka-nasknelni, romlebmac qedi ar moudrikes uZlieres imperias, romelmac erTi xelis mosmiT jer aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, xolo Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaauqma qarTuli same-foebi. solomon mefe ki am SemTxvevaSi gvevlineba, rogorc iniciatori, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ukanaskneli dam-cveli monarqi, romelsac jer kidev ltolvils, magram mainc daedgomeboda Tavis patara samefoSi, romelsac gau-qmeba elodeboda. solomon mefem ramdenime weli varcixeSi dahyo, Tavis sazafxulo rezidenciaSi, saidanac man veraferi gaawyo imperiis moxeleebTan, romlebic ZaladobiT, motyue-biT, mosyidviT, daSinebiT da aTasi cbierebiT cdilobdnen solomonis Seviwroebas da Sepyrobas.

yovelive amis gamo solomon mefis undobloba ruseTis xelisuflebis mimarT sruliad bunebrivi iyo. 1807 wels solomon mefem daxmareba ar gauwia rusis jars, romlebic general rikhofis meTaurobiT foTis cixis asaRebad gae-marTa. roca rusma generalma mefes daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa, misgan uari miiRo, radgan maT mefesTan dadebuli yvela xelSekruleba daarRvies da amasTanave mas leCxumi ar gad-asces. aman rusebis ukmayofileba kidev ufro gazarda da rusuli nawilebis raodenoba imereTSi gaizarda. solomon mefis quTaisSi mityueba verc generalma dimitri orbelian-ma SeZlo, romelic rikhofis gardacvalebis Semdeg dainiSna dasavleT saqarTveloSi rusuli jarebis ufrosad. 1808 wels mTavarmarTebel gudoviCs ruseTis imperatorisagan

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saidumlod ukve davalebuli hqonda solomonis ruseTSi gayvana. am davalebis Sesruleba axalma mTavarmarTebelma aleqsandre tormasovma ikisra, romelic solomonisgan iTx-ovda rom: 1) saswrafod quTaisSi dabrunebuliyo, 2) didg-varovani TavadiSvilebi mZevlad gaegzavna TbilisSi da pe-terburgSi madlobis deputaciac unda gaegzavna, romlis SemadgenlobaSi zurab wereTeli unda yofiliyo. am moTx-ovnaze solomon mefem uari ganacxada, radgan „imisTvis xo-mar unda gavgzavno deputacia, rom movaxseno xelmwifes „gmadlobT umdablesad, dido imperatoro, vinaiTgan damamd-able mefe erTmorwmune da damakle samflobeloTa CemTa“ (berZeniSvili.1965:372). solomon mefis yvela nabiji logi-kuri iyo arsebul situaciasTan mimarTebaSi, man ramdeni daTmobac gaakeTa, kidev ufro met daTmobebs iTxovdnen da rusuli xelisufleba mainc ar dakmayofildeboda, misi um-Tavresi mizani solomonis ruseTSi gayvana iyo.

da am usamarTlobebis gamo solomon mefe Tavis cnobil werilSi ayalibebs azrs, sadac is muxlobrivad CamoTvlis aRniSnul darRvevebze: „bevr gzis ganvacxade werili Tqvenda momarT, rom uwinares Tqvensa myofTa daxsnes fici, piroba da Sekruleba, ara daicves wmindad da ukeTu daicves wmindad, muxli 6. „quTaiss samefosa sasaxlesa da TviT sawolsa Sina Cemsa dabalTa moxeleTa usxdaT xasebi, warTmeulni TavadTa CemTa moaxleni“. 7. „wagvarTves qalaqica Cveni quTaisi, sadac arRara ars mefoba Cveni esodenTa weliwadTa“. 8. „daaqcies samefo sasaxle Cemi quTaiss vidre safuZvlamde“. 9. „da ukeTu daicves wmindad pirveli Tavadi imereTisa wulukiZe TviT siZe Cemi daviT, saldaTebma quTaiss, aTries, galaxes, Tavi gautexes da sisxliTa SeRebili warmodga CvenTan. vTx-oeT mas zeda samarTali, romelsa zeda gvipasuxes: Tavads

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wulukiZes Tumca danaSauli ara hqonia, magram saldaTebs ver ecnaT, Torem ar galaxavdneno“. 10. „esodenTa weliwadTa sadganan mxedrobani ruseTisani samefosa Sina Cemsa, viTarca saxlsa Sina Tvissa da izrdebian SeSiTa, saxliTa Cven mier micemuliT, provantiT, furaJiTa, xariTa, cxeniTa urmiTa, sasmeliTa da sazrdeliTa, garna nacvlad madlobisa gvagine-ben da Seuracxhyofen TavadTa da keTilSobilTa CvenTa“. 11. „mowyaleo xalmwifev Cemo! mihxede zemo aRwerilTa da mibr-ZaneT, sad ars dacva wmindaT da ucvaleblad pirobisa da Sekrulobisa uwinare Tqvensa myofTagan! gana, me erTmorw-munebisaTvis da SiSisaTvis yovlad mowyalisa xelmwifisa Ce-misa aRvwere kvalad igive punqtni, cicianovisgan aRwerilni...“ (xaxanaSvili.1911:40). solomon mefe rusebs Seaxsenebs im um-sgavsobebs, romlebic maT Caidines masTan mimarTebaSi. maT dauqceviaT mefis sasaxle, xolo misi moaxleebi ki xasebad dausvamT. solomon mefe imperatorTan gagzavnil werilSi saerTod uaryofs Tavis braleulobas „ara gvaqvs Secodeba arca erTi, garna vimyofebiT dauTmenelsa mas mwuxarebasa Sina ruseTis usargeblod...“ (ist. dok. da arq. II. 1953:65). solo-mon mefis uflebebi TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebiT dairRva: mas waarTves sakuTari samefo rezidencia quTaisSi, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi bagrationi mefeebi cxovrobdnen da saerTod aiZules samudamod daetovebina quTaisi. rusebma mizanmimarTulad safuZvlamde daangries solomonis sasax-le sadac Semdgom hospitali da kazarmebi ganaTavses, raTa solomons aRarasodes SeZleboda quTaisSi dabruneba. rusis jariskacebma galaxes da Seuracxyofa miayenes solomonis ojaxis wevrs daviT wereTels razec aranairi reagireba ar moaxdines. amasTanave rusuli samxedro nawilebi Tavxedurad iqceodnen solomonis samefoSi da ganukiTxavad moixmardnen

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sursaT-sanovagesa da yvelafers rac jaris Sesanaxad iyo saWiro. amas gangeb sCadiodnen rusi jariskacebi, raTa sol-omoni raime maxeze wamoegoT da iolad gaeyvanaT imereTidan. miuxedavad imisa, rom solomonma bolo ramdenime weli da-tova saerTod quTaisi da varcixeSi gadavida sacxovreblad, ruseTisTvis mefe mainc saSiSi iyo da amitom yvelaferi gakeTda raTa solomoni rogorme quTaisSi mietyuebinaT da SeepyroT. „solomon mefe 1807 wlidan moyolebuli Zlier frTxilad iqceoda, misi mefobis istoria aris mxolod ukanonobasTan brZola, brZola sustisa mZlavr mowinaaRm-degesTan“ (WeiSvili. 1919: 17) werda 1919 wels n. WeiSvili. solomon mefe maqsimalurad Seecada gaexangrZlivebina Tav-isi mefoba da yvela saSualeba scada problemis mosagvare-blad, magram ZalTa Tanafardoba saerTod Seusabamo iyo. solomon mefe daupirispirda imperiis uzarmazar manqanas, romelsac gaaCnda udidesi resursi da patara Tu didi saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg brZolis gamocdileba. solomon mefis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mas ar moudrekia qedi masze Zlieri imperiis TavaSvebul moxeleebTan da man Rir-seulad daicva Tavisi warmomavloba da msoflioSi erT–erTi uZvelesi samefo dinastiis avtoriteti.

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solomon mefis damokidebuleba saeklesio moRvaweebTan da misi sulieri moZRvari

ilarion yanCaveli

wyaroebze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom sol-omon mefes mWidro da intensiuri urTierToba hqonda, im periodis gamorCeul sasuliero pirebTan. solomon mefisa da misi sulieri moZRvris iese dekanozis berobaSi ilarion yanCavelis urTierTobaze qvemoT gveqneba saubari. imereTis mefis karze arsebul sabWoSi ki quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi da gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime iyvnen war-modgenili. Zalze saintereso cnobas gvawvdis bagrat ba-toniSvili Tavis TxzulebaSi, Tu rogor mivida solomon mefe dayudebul ber zaqaria jafariZesTan 1802 wels: „amis saTayvanod mivida mefe solomon, arCilis Ze da miuTxra ra berman man mas: mefeo vixile Cvenaba ese: movida veSapi didi, wiTeli, romelmanca STangTqa Sen, da giCnda oden ferxni“. da ganumarta manve: „ese ars xilva ese, romel aRdgebis me-foba Seni da miecemi mwuxarebasa didsa da gansacdelsa da gmarTebs misvlai sinanulad da vedrebad RvTisa, raTa gan-ero am gansacdelisagan da moerideca Jam raodenime. xolo xalxni samefosa Senisani iqmnebian didsa Wirsa da vaebasa Sina, miT romel aRdgebis momsvreli seni da friad siymili“ (batoniSvili.1941:101).

ukanasknel bagration mefes beris es winaswarmetyvele-ba sityva-sityviT auxda, xolo mefis damarcxebis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSi marTlac gaCnda saSineli Wiri, romelic rus jariskacebs SemohyvaT axalcixeSi laSqro-bis Semdeg, am senma uamravi adamiani Seiwira. bagrat ba-toniSvili zaqaria berze iqve SeniSnavs, rom igi kaTalikos

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maqsimes axlda kievSi, da kaTalikosis gardacvalebis Semdeg dabrunebula saqarTveloSi, kerZod raWaSi, da iq dauwyia moRvaweoba. „ese iyo friad wmida da mlocav, romel kvi-rasa miiRos sazrdo“. arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia (Sem-dgomSi kaTalikos-patriarqi) Tavis naSromSi „mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi“ gvauwyebs, rom zaqaria beri cxovrobda WeliSis monastridan ori-sami versis moSorebiT, sadac mdin-are Saori sami versis miwis qveS dinebis Semdeg xe-laxla gamodis Saraulis saxeliT, maRali qvis napralze gakeTebul gamoqvabulSi, moRvaweobda es saocari moRvawe. „mogviTxroben, rom aq cxovrobda da moRvaweobda Tavisi siwmindiT ganTqmuli beri zaqaria jafariZe. is dRisiT da RamiTac yovel locvas eswreboda. amisTvis Tavis TiTqmis miuval sadgom adgilidan Camodioda monastris eklesiaSi da wirva-locvis Semdeg brundeboda Tavis dasayudebelSi. ZmebTan da sxvebTanac baass erideboda da mudam mdumare iyo. amboben, rom beri zaqaria akeTebda sxva da sxva ojaxSi saWiro xis iaraRebs, dadebda gzis pirad, visac esaWiroe-boda waiRebda, samagierod mihqonda puri dayudebulTaTvis, da mxolod amiT irCenda Tavs.“ (ambrosi xelaia.2011:171).

wmida gabriel beris _ aTonelis msgavsad ber zaqarias mkacri asketuri Rvawli utvirTavs, man solomon mefes uwi-naswarmetyvela im gansacdelebis Sesaxeb, romelic SemdgomSi mas eloda, rac mTavaria, zaqaria iyo uZvelesi qarTuli, bermonazvnuri skolis erT-erTi Rirseuli warmomadgeneli, romelic mkacri, asketuri cxovrebiT cxovrobda, rac qarTu-li ber-monazvnebisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

solomon mefesTan moRvaweobda mRvdeli ioane qarTveliS-vili batoniSvil iulonis moZRvari. igi imereTSi imyofebo-da garkveuli periodi, roca 1801 wels devnil batoniS-vils gamohyva quTaisSi. mRvdeli ioane Tavis memuarebSi

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aRniSnavda: „vimyofebi aw quTaiss, samefos karisa say-dris bWeSi“. quTaisSi myofi ganaTlebuli sasuliero piri xSirad Tan axlda mefes: „imis umaRlesobas mefis solo-mons wignebis dasaweraT davebarebine cxrawyaros, quTaisidam wavel oqtombris 7, erTi kvira vaxldi, kvaladve quTaiss movel mefis Ze iulonTan ama Tvis 14“ (ioane qarTveliS-vili. 1952:89). mefe solomons ioane mRvdeli kulaSsa da imereTis sxvadasaxva sofelSi axlda. 1802 wlis 10 marts igi TbilisSi brundeba, Semdeg ki imereTSi dab-runebis ufleba aRar misces. rusuli xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo erekle II-is memkvidreebis imereTSi yofna da, Sesabamisad, ioane qarTveliSvils aukrZales Tavis sulier SvilTan iulon batoniSvilTan wasvla.

solomon mefes mWidro urTierToba hqonia im droisaTvis saqveynod cnobil wmida mRvdelmTavar anton WyondidelT-an (dadiani), marTalia, CvenTvis mefisa da mRvdelmTavris urTierTobis detalebi ucnobia, magram arsebobs 1809 wlis 14 martis general-maior Tavad dimitri orbelianis werili mTavarmarTebel gudoviCisadmi, romelic metad saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis: „aq gamorCeulia sami mRvdelmTavari: gaenaTeli, quTaTeli da gansakuTrebulad mefesTan mcxovre-bi mRvdelmTavari, romelic aris dadianTa saxlis warmomad-geneli, igi mTeli imereTis mosaxleobas wmindanad miaCnia da mis mimarT udidesi pativiscema gaaCniaT, miT ufro, rac man miaRwia umaRles saepiskoposo rangs, magram man datova Tavisi eparqia da daiwyo monazvnuri cxovreba, is yovelTvis imyo-feba mefesTan da misgan aRsarebebs ibarebs“ (kakabaZe.1956:386). marTalia, dimitri orbeliani mRvdelmTavris vinaobas ar asaxelebs, magram garkveviT aRniSnavs, rom igi dadianTa sax-lis warmomadgeneli da mRvdelmTavaria, romelmac Semdeg dauteva episkoposoba da monazvnuri cxovreba daiwyo, aqe-

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dan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom es pirovne-ba anton Wyondideli iyo, mRvdelmTavari, romelic „ver Seegua samTavros karis intrigebs da uwesrigobas, uari Tqva mRvdelmTavrobis pativze, datova Wyondidis kaTedra da ubralo monazvnur cxovrebas Seudga mis mierve aSenebul naxarebaos monasterSi“ (siria. 2013:10). rogorc Cans, anton Wyondidelma 1809 wels garkveuli droiT datova Tavisi monasteri, romelSic sicocxlis bolomde moRvaweobda da gansacdelSi myof imereTis mefesTan gadavida. Cven ar SegviZlia, vimsjeloT, ra dro dahyo wminda mRvdelmTa-varma mefesTan, magram faqtia, rom solomon mefes urT-ierToba hqonda araerT gamorCeul moRvawesTan, romlebic jer kidev Tanamedroveebs TavianTi wmida cxovrebiT wmin-danad miaCndaT, xolo SemdgomSi mravali maTgani wmind-anTa dasSi Seiracxa, maT Soris (wminda anton Wyondideli, ilarion yanCaveli, wmida mRvdelmTavari dosiTeosi da wmida mRvdelmTavari eqvTime gaenaTeli). orive es Rirseuli adamiani – imereTis ukanaskneli mefe solomoni da anton Wyondideli 1815 wels aResrulnen. saocaria, rom am epoqam amdeni gamorCeuli adamiani Sva marto dasavleT saqarTveloSi, bevri moRvawis cxovreba CvenTvis ar aris cnobili, magram unda vTqvaT, rom maT waruSleli kvali datoves qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi da samSoblosadmi Tav-dadebisa da siyvarulis gasaocari magaliTebi gviCvenes.

solomon mefesTan daaxloebul saeklesio moRvawee-bze gvawvdis cnobebs ficis teqsti, romelzec rusma moxeleebma iZulebiT daafices mefis amalis wevrni 1810 wlis aprilSi, romelTa Soris moxseniebulni arian Sem-degi sasuliero pirebi: gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime, nikolaoswmindeli sofroni, WeliSis winamZRvari danieli, mefis dekanozi iase grigolaSvili, mefis moZRvari svi-

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mon, mefis karis diakvani iese mesxi, iese mRvdeli yan-CaSvili (kakabaZe.1956:488). im droisaTvis iese mRvdeli jer kidev ar iyo mefis moZRvrad. iase grigolaSvili ki mefesTan Zlier daaxloebuli sasuliero piri iyo, romelic mraval sigelsa Tu sabuTSi ixsenieba.

solomon mefis erTgul sasuliero pirTa ricxvSi Sedio-da aseve gelaTis monastris winamZRvaric. 1810 wlis Teber-valSi gansacdelSi myofma solomon mefem varcixidan arqimandriti daviT ioseliani gaagzavna rus polkovnik simo-noviCTan mosalaparakeblad. arqimandriti daviTi solomon mefis davalebiT Sewyalebas iTxovda rusi mmarTvelebisagan, rom solomoni mzad iyo, Seesrulebina yvela moTxovna, rasac mas daavalebdnen, razec rus polkovniks upasuxia, rom „sinanuli ukve dagvianebuli iyo da solomon mefe ukve Camogdebuli iyo taxtidan, xolo misi xelisufleba samu-damod dasrulebuli iyo imereTSi“ (Акти IV: 232). rTuli iqneboda qarTveli sasuliero pirisaTvis am sityvebis mos-mena, swored amitom arqimandriti daviTi qristes saxeliT sTxovda simonoviCs, eCvenebina gza, romliTac solomon mefe Tavs gadairCenda, amaze ki rus polkovniks upasuxia, rom solomoni bednieri iqneba, Tuki Tavis beds miandobs ruse-Tis xelisuflebas da sufTa sindisiT gaemgzavreba TbilisSi (iqve:232).

TavianTi Sovinisturi miznebis Sesasruleblad rusi mox-eleebi arafers eridebodnen da maTTvis qristianuli Se-gonebebi miuRebeli iyo. qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi ki SesaZleblobis farglebSi yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa ukanasknel bagration xelmwifes taxti SeenarCunebina.

solomon mefes gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba hqon-da Tavis sulier moZRvar ilarion yanCavelTan. mraval-tanjul, devnil da yvelasagan mitovebul solomons ar

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mohklebia rCeva-darigebebi da qristianuli mzrunveloba moZRvrisagan. man bolomde uerTgula mefes, da gardacvale-bamde mis gverdiT iyo. iese dekanozi berobaSi ilarion yanCaveli, romelsac aseve rTuli da mZime misia arguna RmerTma. mefis da moZRvris urTierToba unikaluri SemTx-vevaa da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs. iese yan-Caveli 1776 wels daibada losiaTxevis SemadgenlobaSi Semaval sofel alaverdSi, RvTismosavi aznauris xaxuli da mariam yanCavelebis ojaxSi (bubulaSvili.2014:55). patara iese eqvsi wlidan tabakinis monasterSi izrdeboda, amis Sem-deg 12 wlis manZilze biZasTan berdiakon stefanesTan izrdeboda udabur mTaze. aseT sulier garemoSi aRizarda iese, ramac ganapiroba misi Semdgomi nayofieri moRvaweoba. ori wlis Semdeg Tavad wereTelma iese monastridan mefis sasaxleSi waiyvana, sadac mefis brZanebiT igi sagangios mox-eled (brZanebaTa mwerlad) ganawesa. aq man ornaxevari weli gaatara, romlis Sedegadac solomon mefes misTvis colis SerTva da mRvdlobis xarisxi SeuTavazebia (wm. ilarion qarTveli.2013:16). am droisaTvis, imereTis samefos ruseTis imperiasTan SeerTebis gamo didi mRelvareba iyo Camovard-nili mefesTan daaxloebul pirTa da qveynis didgvarovnebs Soris. CvenTvis zustad ar aris cnobili, ieses rodis daasxes xeli mRvdlad, Tumca Tu vivaraudebT, rom igi mo-nastridan daaxloebiT 20 wlis asakSi wamoiyvanes, mefesTan ki 4-5 weli imsaxura, misi mRvdlad xeldasxma daaxloebiT 1796-1801 wlebSi unda momxdariyo, xolo misi makurTx-ebeli mRvdelmTavari, quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeos wereTeli unda yofiliyo, radgan 1796-1801 wlebSi swored mas ekava quTaTeli episkoposis kaTedra.

quTaisis muzeumSi daculi erT–erTi sigelis safuZ-velze SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom 1801 wels iese ukve mRvd-

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lis xarisxSi iyo, amave sigeliT vgebulobT: „q. nebiTa da wyalobiTa RvTisaTa Cven iesian daviTian, solomo-nian pankratoanman sruliad imereTis mpyrobelman mefeman mefeTaman meoreman solomon da Tana erTxorcman Cemman dedufalT dedufalman dadianis asulman mariam ese am-ieridgan ukunisamde... ucvlelad da arasodes ar mosaSali wyalobis wigni dagiwereT da giboZeT Sen Cvens erTguls... mRvdels yanCavels ieses, mamaSens xaxutas da biZaSens daTikas da TqvenTa SvilTa da momavalTa saxlisa TqvenisaTa esreT

* mwyemsis 1884 wlis № 12–e gamocema saintereso cnobas gvawvdis solomon mefis Sesaxeb, romelic 1791 wels wirvis mosas-menad Casula zaraTis wminda kvirikes da ivlites saxelobis eklesiaSi, sadac moRvaweobdnen: „dekanozi ioane ZoweniZe, misi Zeni mRvdeli svimon da mTavar–diakvani maTe, mRvdel–monazo-ni danieli da sxva. mefe daswrebia mwuxrs da mas Zlier mos-wonebia mTavar–diakvan maTes mier wakiTxuli wignebi, meore dRes mefes wirvis dasrulebis Semdeg Seuqia axalgazrda sasuliero piri. razec diakvans uTqvams, rom vidre muSebi, romlebic yanaSi muSaobdnen svers Tavamde aitandnen „me SemiZlia daviTni zepirad TaviT bolomdis CavikiTxo... sveris atanas cota uklda, rom maTem ukanaskneli fsalmuni Caakarabaka. yvelani gahkvirdnen da aqes zepiri“. mefe Zlier kmayofili darCenila da misi dasaCuqreba da sasaxleSi wayvana gadauwyvetia, Semdeg ki dekanoz ioanesTvis azatobis wigni uboZebia mefes da „Cemisa karisagan gamosuli ara sauri, ara gawveva da muSaoba da arca sxva“. RvTismoSiS mefes kar-gad dausaCuqrebia gamorCeuli sasuliero piris ojaxi, romlis Svilsac mTavar–diakvan maTes fsalmunis wigni zepirad scodnia, rac kidev erTi dasturia imisa, rom avtokefaliis gauqmebamde saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ganaTlebuli da ganswavluli sasuliero pirebi mravlad iyvnen. es SemTxveva ki naTeli dasturia imisa, rom imerTa ukanaskneli mefe RvTismsaxurTa gansakuTrebulad pativismcemeli iyo.

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da ese viTarad Tqven winaparTa Camosulni qarTliT. Tqven gvevedreT da mogvaxsene da Cvenc vismineT vedreba da mox-seneba Tqveni. wyaloba giyaviT da Tqveni winaparni ganvaTa-visufleT. Tu Tqven Cveni erTguli da brZanebis Cvenis morCili iqmneT arc Tqven da arc Tqven Svils da moma-vals...“ (qim.№1451).

sigeli sakmaod dazianebulia, Tumca masSi mainc araer-Ti mniSvnelovani cnobaa daculi. iese yanCavelis ojaxs, romelic warmoSobiT qarTlidan yofila, solomon mefisaT-vis ganTavisufleba uTxoviaT, rogorc winaT iyvnen ganTavisu-flebulni misi winaparni. sigelSi solomon mefe iese dekanozs „Cvens erTguls uwodebs“, Tumca am dros igi jer kidev ar iyo misi sulieri moZRvari. am brZanebis mowmed dasaxelebulni arian sardali qaixosro wereTeli, grigol erisTaviSvili, svimeon wereTeli da rostom niJaraZe. si-geli dawerilia solomonis karis mRvdlis iase grigolaSvi-lis mier 1801 wlis 11 ianvars. wyalobis sigeli damowmebu-lia sami beWdiT: 1. solomon mefis beWedi, warweriT „mefe imerTa solomon“, 2. „dedofali mariami“. 3. sigelis gverdze Semdegi warweraa „Cven batonma batoniSvilman mefis daviTis Zeman konstantine vamtkiceb.“ beWedi „mefis Ze konstantine.“

iese dekanozs colad hyavda Tavadis asuli mariami, visTan erTadac cxovrobda quTaisSi. cnobilia, rom maT Svili ar hyavdaT da arc maTi Tanacxovreba gagrZelebula didxans, radgan mariami gardaicvala. erTi cnobiT maTi col-qmroba mxolod ori weli gagrZelda (wm. ilarion qarTveli.2013:16).

ufro sarwmunoa gabriel beris cnobebi, radgan ilarion yanCavelma gardacvalebis win uambo solomon mefeze, sa-dac saubaria, rogor amxila iesem mefis winaaRmdeg ganwyo-bili zurab wereTeli, swored am dros gardacvlia ieses

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coli. zurab wereTelma „ramdenime cdis Semdeg qarTls mTavarmarTebeli daajera, zurabis am qmedebas win aRudga iese dekanozi, mixvda cxebulze da mis xalxze cudis gan-zraxva, win aRudga zurabs srulis SurisZiebiT, amxila imas, rom Sen xar mteri da orguli qveSevrdomi Senis mefisa, SemTxvevisa mZebnel da yvela am dauwyoblobaSi, uTanxmoeba-Si da Sinaurs brZolaSi damnaSave. Sen adideb saxelmwifoSi uTanxmoebas, Cveni qveyana Sen sakuTrebad, Senad da ara sazogado sakuTrebad migaCniao.“ amgvari mxilebiT dekanozma iesem ise Seukra piri karis kacs, rom saxlidan Sercxveni-li gamovida, moikiTxa cxeni da damuqrebuli wavida Tavis sasaxleSi daba saCxereSi. amis Semdeg, ramdenime dReSi ieses coli gardaicvala (krebuli.1872:9).

es ambebi 1808-1810 wlis movlenebs ufro hgavs da, Tuki am dromde icocxla ieses meuRlem, gamodis, rom maTi Tanacxovreba 10-12 wlis manZilze gagrZelebula, rac, sava-raudod, simarTle unda iyos. axalgazrda sasuliero pirze es tragedia cudad imoqmedebda, Tumca mas jer kidev win mravali gansacdeli da gaWirveba eloda. aRsaniSnavia, rom dekanozi iese solomon mefes yvelgan Tan axlda da Tavis sulier Svils trapizonSi Rirseuli dakrZalva mouwyo, razec qvemoT gveqneba saubari.

1815 wlis maisSi, solomon mefis gardacvalebidan sami Tvis Semdeg, mama iese sxvebTan erTad imereTSi dabrunda da Tavis mSoblebis saxlSi dasaxlda. Svidi Tvis Semdeg ki de-kanozi iese mariam dedofalma moskovSi ixmo. ieses dedof-lisTvis solomon mefis kuTvnili macxovris cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili Cautania, romelic dedofals Tavis karis eklesiaSi dausvenebia. (wm. ilarion qarTveli,2013:41). mosk-ovSi gamefebulma garyvnilebam uaryofiTad imoqmeda mama ieseze, im droisaTvis maRali wodebis warmomadgenlebisTvis

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es faqto Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. sabolood dekanozma iesem mainc datova sasaxle, radgan „qalebisgan“ Tavis daRw-evis sxva saSualebas ver naxulobda (mama iese gamoirCeoda garegnuli silamaziT: maRali, mxarbeWiani, tanadi, kargi kaci iyo). man datova ruseTi, igi jer odesaSi wavida, iqedan konstantinepolSi, bolos ki 1819 wels aTonis mTaze gaemg-zavra (iqve:43). aqedan gamomdinare unda vivaraudoT, rom, Tuki dekanozi iese ruseTSi 1817 wlis bolos gaemgzavra, mas ruseTSi daaxloebiT weliwadnaxevari gautarebia da 1819 wlisaTvis dautovebia ruseTi maSin, roca Tavis tanjul qveyanaSi samSoblos damcvelebi axal brZolas iwyebdnen Crdiloeli dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg.

1819 wlidan dekanoz ieses cxovrebaSi axali etapi dai-wyo. am droidan man 55 wlis manZilze mkacri ber-monaz-vnuri Rvawli itvirTa, romlis drosac igi iseve gamor-Ceuli iyo, rogorc saero cxovrebaSi. Rrmad moxucebuli Rvawlmosili sasuliero moRvawe dekanozi iese (berobaSi ilarion yanCaveli) 1864 wlis 12 Tebervals 88 wlis asakSi gardaicvala aTonis mTaze. mama ilarioni misi saxelovani, sulieri Svilis msgavsad Tebervlis TveSi aResrula. solo-monis gardacvalebidan TiTqmis 50 wlis Semdeg, 1867 wlis 25 maiss, macxovris amaRlebis wina saRamos, monazvnebma mama ilarionis nawilebi amoasvenes, saflavis gaTxrisas maT sakvirveli keTilsurneleba igrZnes, romelic mTeli gza gahyvaT wmida anas mcire skitamde. saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma, saqarTvelos ukanaskneli monarqis sulieri moZRvari ilarion yanCaveli 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers wmin-danTa dasSi Seracxa.

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solomon mefis Sepyroba 1810 w.

quTaisidan gandevnili solomon mefe, romelic varcix-eSi imyofeboda 1810 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis jarebma al-yaSi moaqcies. mefis Sesapyrobad ruseTis samxedroebi didi xania emzadebodnen, maT kargad Seiswavles varcixe da misi Semogareni. amas mowmobs 1810 wlis 12 Tebervlis werili, polkovniki mogilevski mTavarmarTebel general tormasovs atyobinebs, rom: „imereTi es aris erTi didi tye, romelsac faravs mTebisa da xeobebis rigi, ase rom mTels imereT-Si mxolod erTi adgilia quTaisidan varcixemde 18 ver-siani farTobi da isic dafarulia tyiT. tyeebSi gabneulia erTmaneTs daSorebuli macxovrebelTa saxlebi, ris gamoc macxovreblebs SeuZliaT iolad gaiqcnen tyeSi da SiSis gamo daimalon. jarebis mcire gadaadgilebis SemTxvevaSic ki solomoni miimaleba, radgan mas yvelgan darajebi uyenia. Tuki SemTxveviTobis wyalobiT moxerxdeba misi Sepyroba, esec SeuZlebelia, radgan ubralo xalxs da Tavadaznaurebs uyvarT axlandeli yofa da mmarTveloba, da isini ufrTxian ruseTis wesrigs, rac aris mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc dRemde ar gamoCnda Cvens mxardamWerebSi aravin vinc daiWerda mefes“ (Акты.IV:229).

solomon mefe, romelic Tavis samSobloSi kanonieri uflebebis dacvisaTvis ibrZoda, mogilevski mas, rogorc damnaSaves ise uyurebs, xolo qarTveli xalxis mier me-fisadmi erTgulebas da TviTmyofadobisadmi midrekilebas „uwesrigo mmarTvelobas“, patara imereTis iZulebiT aneqsias „rusul wesrigs“ uwodebs. mTavari ukanonoba rac maT moimo-qmedes, es iyo solomon mefis mmarTvelobidan gadayeneba, romelic specialuri proklamaciiT gaavrceles 1810 wlis

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20 Tebervals da quTaisis eklesiebSi xalxi iZulebiT daa-fices imperatoris erTgulebaze. amasTan erTad rusulma samxedro nawilebma daiwyes mefis garSemo rkalis Sekvra, mefes, romelic varcixeSi iyo gamagrebuli 4000 meomriT. rusulma nawilebma yvelaferi gaakeTes imisTvis, rom jarebis Semosvlis dros solomon mefes daxmareba ar mieRo arcer-Ti mxridan. dasanania, rom mters gansakuTrebuli daxmareba gauwies, samegrelodan, guriidan da leCxumidan Camosulma nawilebma, ramac mefis erTgulTa rigebis SeTxeleba gana-piroba, ris gamoc is iZulebuli gaxda varcixidan xanis xeobaSi gadasuliyo, Tumca mterma iqac Seukra gza da ar misca saSualeba axalcixeSi gadasuliyo, sadac manamde man axalcixis faSasTan mosalaparakeblad gaagzavna Tavisi erTguli TanamebrZolebi: solomon lioniZe da malxaz an-dronikaSvili, magram esec aRar moxerxda. alyaSi moqceuli mefe iZulebuli Seiqna rusebis mier SeTavazebuli pirobebi mieRo. rusebma miaRwies mizans, maT mefis winaaRmdeg ganaw-yves mTavrebi: gurieli da dadiani, romlebic mefes unda amodgomodnen mxarSi, Tumca piriqiT, mis winaaRmdeg amx-edrdnen, iqve movida gelovanic, romelmac leCxumis jari solomon mefis winaaRmdeg gamoiyena. „dadiani da gurieli erTxel kidev, da exla ukve ukanasknelad gamovidnen moR-alateebad da saqarTvelos politikuri TviTmyofadobis dasasamareblad“ brZanebda akademikosi niko berZeniSvili.

mefeze gansakuTrebulad umoqmedia mamia gurielis Ral-ats, razec 1810 wlis 13 aprils generali tormasovi ru-miancevs atyobinebda, rom am faqtma Zalze mZimed imoqmeda mefeze da imereTis macxovrebelTa did nawils ruseTis erT-guleba miuRiaT. „mefem ki CemTan gaenaTeli mitropoliti da Tavadi sexnia wulukiZe gamomigzavna da mas werilebiT daudasturebia Cems mier adre SeTavazebuli winadadebebi“

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(Акты,IV:248). amiT gaxarebuli generali tormasovi ruse-Tis samxedro ministr barklai detols imave dRes atyobin-ebda: „maqvs pativi Segatyobino, samxedro manevrebi imdenad warmatebuli iyo, rom imereTis samefo, romelSic 40000 ojaxi cxovrobs, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mciredi danakar-gis Semdeg mTelma sazogadoebam, Tavadebma da samRvdeloe-bam fici miiRes ruseTis imperiis erTgulebaze“ (iqve:250).

aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom rusma samxedroebma: polkovnikma simonoviCma da mogilevskim rusuli jarebis TandaswrebiT 1810 wlis 12 marts baRdaTis zemoT salxinos saydarSi solomon mefes Sehfices jvarsa da saxarebaze, rom mas ar daatyvevebdnen. magram unda aRvniSnoT, rom es iyo rusTa mxridan morigi tyuili da TvalTmaqcoba, rom maTTvis qris-tianul siwmindeebze maRla imperialisturi zraxvebi iyo. jer kidev imave wlis 24 Tebervals simonoviCi swerda gen-eral tormasovs, rom masTan misula gelaTeli arqiman-driti daviTi, imereTis yofili mefis solomonis davalebiT, `romelic iTxovs: Sewyalebas, rom is Seasrulebs yvela moTxovnas, razec zemoT ukve visaubreT... razec arqimandrit-ma mefis saxeliT damiwyo Txovna RvTis saxeliT da qris-tianuli sarwmunoebiT, ZaliTac solomoni Tavs gadairCens~ (Акты,IV:232). amis Semdeg simonoviCTan mosalaparakeblad ruseTis mimarT keTilganwyobili mitropoliti gaenaTeli da Tavadi sexnia wulukiZe misula, amjerad maTi mizani ara solomonis mefed darCenaze, aramed imaze, rom is „uars ityvis mefobaze da amas formalurad werilobiT daafiq-sirebs, Tuki mas datovebdnen Tavisi sicocxlis bolomde imereTSi da miscemdnen mas garkveul saxsrebs“ (iqve:235). aRniSnul Txovnazec uari miiRes rusi samxedrosagan, ruse-Tis erdaTerTi mizani solomonis imereTidan gaSveba iyo. solomon mefis bedi gadawyvetili iyo, magram saeklesio da

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saero moRvaweebi yovelnairad cdilobdnen taxti SeenarCu-nebinaT solomonisaTvis.

solomon mefis sulieri moZRvari gadmogvcems, rom mefe zurab wereTlis rCeviT miendo rusebs, roca man gadawyvita surams wasvla da „mxedarTmTavris naxva, rom amiT xalxis ubedureba da TviT usiamovneba aecilebina“ (krebuli,1872:10). mefe 400 kaciani amaliT qarTls gamgzavrebula, mas Tan axlda erTguli Tavadebi: qaixosro, giorgi da solomon wereTlebi, rostom niJaraZe, daviT da grigol erisTavni, daviT abaSiZe da beri lorTqifaniZe (xuskivaZe.1902:55). gen-eralma tormasovma suramis nacvlad mefes gorSi Sexvedra sTxova, amasTanave rusulma samxedro nawilebma mefes gaqce-vis yovelgvari saSualeba mouspes. tormasovis saqcieliT gakvirvebul mefes uTqvams: „nuTu ruseTis xelmwifisagan mosalodnelia imisTana kacebis ufrosad daniSvna, romel-nic Tavisi wodebis da mindobis Rirsni ar arian da dai-wyo godeba, rogorc mamam Tavis dakargul Svilebzed...“ amis Semdeg ilarion yanCaveli gadmogvcems, rom „mefem Tavisi bedi miando RvTis gangebas“. sabolood mefe sofel varianSi Sexvda tormasovs 1810 wlis 28 marts, mefis mxleblebidan 400 kacs ruseTis erTgulebaze fici miaRebines da imereTSi daabrunes. mefe 100 kacis TanxlebiT TbilisSi waiyvanes, qalaqSi SesvlisTanave es 100 kacic CamoaSores da mar-tod darCenili mefe Tavad sumbaTaSvilis saxlSi daabinaves (rexviaSvili.1989:372). arsebobs dokumenti, romelic 1810 wlis aprilSi aris Sedgenili, romlis mixedviTac solomon mefis amalis wevrebma, (romlebic TbilisSi wahyvnen) Semdeg teqstze daifices: „me qvemo saxeldebuli aRvsTqvav da vfi-cav yovlisa SemZlebelTa RmrTisa winaSe wmidisa saxarebisa misisa mas Sina, viTarmed mnebavs da TanamiZs maTis imperato-ris didebulebisa aleqsandre pavloviCisa TviTmpyrobelsa

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yovlisa ruseTisa... dasamtkiceblad ficsa amis Cemisasa, am-bors uyof sityvasa da jvarsa macxovrisa Cemisasa amin“ (kakabaZe.1956:488).

solomon mefis amalis wevrTa: siis saTaveSi moxsenie-bulia, gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime, nikolaoswmindeli arxieri sofron, Tavadebi sardali qaixosro wereTeli, da-viT erisTavi, daviT abaSiZe, svimon wereTeli, sexnia wu-lukiZe, giorgi wereTeli, rostom niJaraZe, levan wulukiZe, merab wulukiZe da mravali sxva. sasuliero pirebi: WeliSis winamZRvari danieli, mefis dekanozi iase grigolaSvili, mefis moZRvari svimon, mefis karis diakvani iese mesxi, iese mRvdeli yanCaSvili, sul 120 kaci. unda SevniSnoT, rom am droisT-vis mefis moZRvrad svimonia dasaxelebuli, Tumca amalis wevrebs Soris iese mRvdeli ixsenieba, romelic savaraudod mefis gaqcevis Semdeg xdeba solomonis sulieri moZRvari. solomon mefisa da mTavarmarTebel tormasovis Sexvedris Sesaxeb saubrobs ilarion yanCaveli: „mefem ar misca neba imas, rom laparaki daewyo, rogorc uRirs kacs, miiRo fexze mdgarma da hkiTxa Tavis mxriT vin aris an visi Camomavlo-bis aris, an rogor miiRo amisTana samxedro Tanabdeboba“? mTavarmarTebelma auxsna mefes Tavisi warmomavloba, rom Zveli aznauris Svilia, razec mefem upasuxa-„Sen rom migeRo es xarisxi patiosnebiT, anu Seni Camomavali Zveleburi azn-aurobis STamomavali yofiliyo, maSin Seni moqmedeba ar iqneboda egre upatiosno da Sen ar Semawuxebdi magisTana upatiosno moqceviT“ (krebuli.1872:14). sumbTaSvilis saxlSi misula mefesTan Sendobis saTxovnelad zurab wereTlis Svili simoni da mefisagan Sendoba uTxovia, Tavisi mamisa da ojaxis wevrebis Ralatis gamo, rasac qvemoT SevexebiT. sumbaTaSvilis saxli TbilisSi mtkvris marjvena napirze av-labris xidis axlos mdebareobda da maRali galavani ertya.

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rva oTaxidan mefes oTxi oTaxi ekava da Zlier dacva dara-jobda (rexviaSvili.1989:374). mefesTan mudmivad imyofeboda erTi oficeri, xolo mzis Casvlis Semdeg WiSkarTan unda mdgariyo sami policieli, romlebic miuTiTebdnen yarauls vin SeeSva da vin ara. zedamxedveloba iyo dawesebuli me-fisa da misi amalis cxenebzec, romlebic qalaqis remasTan erTad mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze hyavdaT moTavsebuli da policmaisteris miwerilobis gareSe maTi wamoyvana ar SeiZleboda (orjonikiZe.1992:71).

tormasovs sakmaod kargad hqonda organizebuli mefis dacva, Tumca solomon mefem rodesac Seityo, rom mas samSoblo samudamod unda daetovebina da peterburgSi unda gadasuliyo sacxovreblad, rogorc Cans daiwyo fiqri sasaxlidan gaqcevaze. mefes tormasovis piriT Seatyobines, rom imperatoris brZanebiT peterburgSi mefisa da mis mx-lebelTaTvis gamzadebulia sasaxle da yvelanairi piroba sacxovreblad. samSobloze usazRvrod Seyvarebul mefes tormasovisTvis SeuTvlia: „imereTi aris RvTis samoTxe da erTi didi sasaxle mefisaTvis. mefes arafrad gahkvirs s. peterburgis sasaxleebi. yoveldRe zomieri sadil-vaxSami, Semkobili imereTis qveSevrdomebis ZRveniTa... imisTana didi xarji, romelic xelmwifes imisaTvis dauniSnavs, nametania da xelmwife nu daamZimebs misTvis daarsebuli xarjiT saxelm-wifo xazinas, rac Seexeba Cems momzadebas RvTis gangebisaTvis mimindvia. Reneralma es icodes da win da win ar Sewuxdes imis momzadebisaTvis. am orTaves me vswirav locvas, RvTi-sadmi, radgan mivdivar ucxo qveyanaso“ (krebuli.1872:16).

am sityvebidan naTlad Cans, rom mefes jer kidev ar hqonda gadawyvetili ruseTSi wasvla da am saqmes RvTis gangebas miandobda, swored amitom daiwyo gulmodgine loc-

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va, romlis dasrulebis Semdeg man yvelas dauZaxa da maT saocrad Tbili sityvebiT mimarTa: „Tqven yvelani Cemi Zmebi xarT, zogni Cemni gazrdilni, zogni Tan Sezrdilni, romelni exlac arian Cems samefoSi... axlandeli dro scvlis Cven uwindel cxovrebas da Cven amieriTgan sikvdilamde unda gavSordeT Cvens sayvarel mamuls da vicxovroT ucxo qveya-naSi. da amasTanave msurs gkiTxoT, vin aris Cemi gansakuTreb-uli am ukanasknels mdgomareobaSi? axlandeli saqme ar aris ubralo da advili. vis surs Cem Tana moziaroba?“ naTelia, rom mefem bevri locvisa da fiqris Semdeg mimarTa im uaxloes adamianebs, romlebsac bolomde endoboda, Tumca yvelas misca arCevanis Tavisufleba da maT sayvarel samSob-los samudamod ganSorebis safrTxeze miuTiTa. es STambeW-davi scena dasrulda imiT, rom yvelam erTgulebiT Sehfica mefes _ „mis mwuxarebasa da sixarulSi isurves yofna imas-Tan ganuSoreblaT ukanasknel wamamdis“. amis dasamtkiceblad solomon mefes mosTxoves jvari, romlis winaSec mas Seh-fices erTguleba. es iyo mefis gulsakidi jvari, romelSic uflis cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili iyo CabrZanebuli. am SemTxvevidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg solomon mefes saubari hqonia sardal qaixosro wereTelTan, am saubarSi ikveTeba, rom mefes ukve myarad hqonda gadawyvetileba miRebuli ru-seTSi wasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan; „Sen TiTon ifiqre, ra iqneba Cemi iq misvla im dros, roca iq xelmwifeebi Tavs iyrian? es iqneba dauviwyari sasircxo saqme da sasikvdilo da ukanaskneloba CemTvis. umjobesia movkvde, vidre amnairaT gavaupatiuro Cemi gvartomoba, romelic aris Camomavali daviT winaswarmetyvelisa...“ (iqve:18). mefisTvis ruseTSi was-vla udidesi sircxvili iqneboda, radgan amiT Seuracxyofa miadgeboda Tavisi gvaris bibliur warmomavlobas, vinaidan

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bagrationTa samefo dinastia, ruseTis samefo dinastiaze bevrad ufro Zveli warmomavlobis iyo, dinastia 1810 wl-isaTvis Tavisi mmarTvelobis aTas wels iTvlida, am pe-riodSi bagrationebi uwyvetad marTavdnen saqarTvelos da bunebrivia am dinastiis ukanaskneli monarqisaTvis ruseTSi gadasaxleba da sapatio tyveoba sikvdilis tolfasi iqne-boda. bolos mefem qaixosro wereTels gaando Tavisi sur-vili osmaleTSi gadasvlis Sesaxeb _ „da Tu rame SemTxveva meqna, Sevdge beraT da iq gadavitano yoveli ubedureba, vinem rusT xelmwifes mivce mizezi rom Tavis Tavs uwoddes mefeT-mefes“. solomon mefis survili savsebiT cxadi iyo, Tuki gaqcevisas, raime incidenti moxdeboda, igi monazvno-bis Rvawls itvirTavda, am SemTxvevaSic mefis survili misi Rrma sarwmunoebrivi normebidanaa nakarnaxevi. meore dRes qaixosro wereTelma erT-erT axalgazrda aznaurs, romelic mefis Tvalwin yofila gazrdili daxmareba sTxova, raTa gamoeCina erTguleba da Tavi gaewira mefisaTvis, razec axal-gazrda aznaurs upasuxia _ „gmadlob, Sen ufalo, rom Rirs myav me mefisaTvis Tavis gawirvad. Cems suls es didi xania hsurda da sanatreli bolo axla moipova“ (iqve:22).

samwuxarod, arc bagrat batoniSvili da arc ilarion yanCaveli am Tavdadebuli mamuliSvilis vinaobas ar asaxe-leben. mxolod rusi samxedro moxele poto da aleqsandre xaxanaSvili gvauwyebs mis vinaobas. 10 maisis Rames aznaurma TabukaSvilma Tavisi kaba gaixada da solomon mefes gadasca, TviTon ki fardeb CamoSvebul mefis sawolSi dawva. roca daRamda mefem saxe nacriT moisvara, xelSi Tungi daiWira, Tan ramdenime Tavadi iaxla da TiTqos abanoSi gaemarTa. da-viT batoniSvilis mixedviT ki solomonma darajs upasuxa, rom igi mefis darajia da mtkvarze midis wylis mosatanad.

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galavnis gareT mefes eloda misi erTguli amalis wevrebi qaixosro wereTlis meTaurobiT. solomon mefe axalcixeSi imyofeboda ukve 19 maiss, xolo 20 ivniss igi ukve imere-Tisaken gaemgzavra jariT (saq. ist. qronikebi.1980:324). mefis gaqcevis dros TbilisSi ar imyofeboda mTavarmarTebeli tormasovi, romelmac TbilisSi dabrunebis Semdeg sasti-ki zomebi miiRo. bagrat batoniSvilis cnobiT _ „Seipyres policmaisteri daviT gostaSabiSvili da egreTve ubralo sulni desetnikni pentelasSvili maqsime iovanes Ze, gogia imereli da goreli somexi iovane. ese oTxni desetnikni, erTi iyo amaTgani imerTa aznauri gogia falavandisSvili TofiTa daxvrita ganunaxvelad tfiliss, avlabris riyesa zeda, xolo daflul arian avlabarSive meliqis saydris gardaswvriv mindorze, romelTaca saflavsa zeda maTsa dae-dgaT naTeli zegardamo, da Seiracxnen wmindanTa Soris“ (bagrat batoniSvili.1941:106). bagrat batoniSvili metad saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis, mefisaTvis Tavdadebuli ma-muliSvilebi usamarTlod daisajnen sastiki mTavarmarTe-blis mier, Tumca RmerTma maTi Rvawli ganadida da maT saflavebs zegardamo naTeli daadgaT, xolo Tanamedroveebs isini wmindanTa dasSi SeuracxavT. maT dasjas adasturebs aseve daviT batoniSvilic _ „scna ra ltolvai mefisa tor-mazovman, ganZvinda friad, vinaTgan kaci iyo mZvinvare, ampar-tavani da uwyalo. aman daaxvretina TofiTa oTxni kerke-tonni, kacni ubraloni, amad romel quCaTa Sina, romelica daedva maT bralad, romel Tanamdebobai iyo maTi Wvretaca mefisa. kvalad moaSTo raodennime ubraloni ovsni...TaTarni kacni ubraloni, romelTa Seswames aramarTlad qurdobai. kvalad Seipyra javaxisSvilebi da TarxnisSvilebi da wargza-vna pyrobilad rosiasa Sina (daviT batoniSvili.1941:34). po-

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tos mixedviT ruseTSi gadaasaxles mefis moaxle TabukaSvi-li da dalaqi salariZe (Потто.II.1902:108). igives adasturebs aleqsandre xaxanaSvilic, romlis mixedviTac mefis msaxur TabukaSvilsa da dalaq salariZes CamoxrCoba tormasovma cimbirSi gagzavnazed Seucvala (xaxanaSvili.1911:62). tormas-ovTan dasajelad wardgenil salariZes uRiarebia Tavisi brali da mTavarmarTeblisTvis uTqvams: „me Tqveni ymoba jer ar mimiRia, xolo rodesac miviReb Tqveni erTgulebac iseTive meqneba, rogoric dRes Cems bunebiTis mefisa maqvs“ (Jordania.1899:7).

saqarTvelos saistorio arqivSi SemorCenilia, solo-mon mefis dis mariamis Txovnis werili, romelSic igi mTa-varmarTebels sTxovs beJan murasovis Sewyalebas, „odes gansvenebuli Zma Cemi mefe imereTisa solomon nebiTa Tvis-iTa gaiqca tfilisidgan, zogni vieTnime gvamni qarTvelT-ani dasjil iqmnen, maSin mTavarmarTebel tormasovis mier, romelnic iyvnen ubraloni da aw ars cimbirsa mxaresa da-kargul tambovsa qalaqsa Sina moqalaqe beJan murasovi... raTa ganacxadoT iq Tqven simarTle da ubraloeba misi“ (s.c.s.a. f.1448. 9595). CvenTvis ucnobia generalma tormas-ovma ramdeni kaci daxvrita mefis gaqcevis gamo da ramdeni gadaasaxla ruseTSi, Tumca cnobilia, rom aznauri romelic mefis magivrad Cawva sawolSi, gadasaxlebaSi qalaq permSi daiRupa. rogorc odesRac ioTam zedgeniZem, axalgazrda aznaurma TabukaSvilmac Tavi gaswira sakuTari mefisa da samSoblosaTvis.

ilarion yanCavelis cnobiT, solomon mefis gaqcevis xelSewyobisaTvis Tbilisis boqauls Tavad baraTaSvils gad-aucia solomon mefisaTvis cxeni, risTvisac misTvis Tavadis wodeba CamourTmeviaT da jariskacad gauwesebiaT. fala-

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vandiSvils, romelsac braldeboda imerTa jogidan cxenis gadmoyvana mtkvris gamoRma, gamoZiebam ver daumtkica da-naSauli da „RmerTs miando misi saqme“, xolo generalma tormasovma sasamarTlos rezolucias Tavisi xeliT moawera: „daxvriteT“ (xaxanaSvili.1911:62). ase sastikad moepyro xe-lmocaruli generali samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis mebr-Zol gmirebs, romelTa damsaxurebiTac solomon mefem Tavis Tanxmleb pirebTan erTad mSvidobianad miaRwia axalcixemde. solomon mefem Tbilisidan gaqcevisas Tavis oTaxSi dastova aleqsandre nevelis ordeni, romelic mas 1804 wels gad-asca ruseTis mTavrobam. „mefis saqcieli amtkicebda, mis, mier orkec Seuracxyofas monarqis wyalobisas. mefes or-denebi ar xiblavda. mas Rrmad hqonda gamjdari gulSi Tavis samSoblosadmi siyvaruli, mzad iyo Tavic ki Seewira mis sakeTildReod“ (WeiSvili. 1919:58). tormasovis mier gatare-bulma RonisZiebebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo, samagierod maT Suri iZies mefis erTguli Tavadebis ojaxis wevrebze.

mitropolitobidan gadayenebulma mRvdelmTavarma arsenma solomon mefis gaqcevaSi xelSewyoba daabrala kaTolikos-patriarq anton meores, arsenma moisyida kaTalikosis mnaTe, beri serapioni, raTa am ukanasknels saqarTvelos mmarTvel T. axvredovisaTvis moexsenebina, rom TiTqos anton meorem xeli Seuwyo TbilisSi patimrobaSi myof imereTis mefis solomon meoris gaparvas. axvredovma yalbi braldeba mTa-varmarTebel tormasovs, man ki imperator aleqsandre I-s acnoba. sabolood solomon meoris gaparvaSi anton meoris monawileoba ar dadasturda (bubulaSvili.2011:61). rusuli xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo, rogorc qarTvel bagra-tionTa taxtze yofna, aseve avtokefaluri eklesiis saTa-veSi bagrationi kaTalikosis arseboba, amitom maT yvelaferi

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gaakeTes raTa saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saero da saeklesio xelisufleba gaenadgurebinaT da saqarTvelo ruseTis im-periis Semadgenel nawilad gadaeqciaT. rac sabolood ganax-orcieles, solomon mefis saqarTvelodan gandevnis Semdeg, samSoblodan iZulebiT gaiyvanes kaTalikos-patriarqi anton meore, Semdeg ki iveriis uZvelesi eklesiis avtokefalia gaauqmes. axalcixeSi gadasulma imereTis mefem, ukanaskneli Zalebi moikriba, solomonma daiwyo mzadeba imereTSi gad-asvlisaTvis. misi mizani iyo Tavisi legitimuri uflebebi aRedgina da radac ar unda dasjdomoda imereTis samefo taxti daebrunebina.

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solomon mefe da saxlTuxucesi zurab wereTeli

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi bevri iseTi movlena moxda, romelic dResac ki moiTxovs marTebul gansjasa da fiqrs. maT Soris SeiZleba gamovyoT solomon mefisa da misi erT-erTi uaxloesi pirovnebis saxlTuxuces zurab wereT-lis urTierToba. zurab qaixosros Ze wereTeli (1747-1823) Tavisi drois erT-erTi gavleniani pirovneba iyo mefis Sem-deg imereTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi, adamiani romelsac gansakuTrebulad endoboda solomon mefe, magram swored man uRalata. zurab wereTelma daiwyo ormagi TamaSi, said-anac met gamosavals miiRebda iqeT ixreboda, man ver gan-sazRvra sworad Tavisi qmedebebi, romelmac piradad mas da qveyanasac uaryofiTi Sedegebi moutana. amaze metyvelebs TanamedroveTa Tu sakuTari Svilebis Sefasebebi zurab wer-eTlis pirovnebis mimarT. samwuxarod, zurab wereTeli ar iyo erTaderTi vinac, samSoblos samsaxurs piradi keTil-dReoba anacvala, zurab wereTeli mcdari gziT siaruls solomon mefis imereTidan gandevnis Semdegac agrZelebda da misi damsaxurebiT ruseTis imperias gacilebiT gauiolda imereTis damorCileba. zurab wereTelma solomon meores xeli Seuwyo gamefebaSi, risTvisac TviT erekle meoremac ki daasaCuqra da qarTlSi sofeli aradeTi uboZa. amis garda zurabs bevri yma-glexi hyavda da mamuli hqonda imereTSi, igi aseve yma-glexebsa da mamulebs itacebda eklesiisa da aznaurebisagan. gaZlierebulma Tavadma imereTis centraluri xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg brZola 1792 wlidan daiwyo, roca solomon meorem odiSis mTavars Seutia imereTis samefosT-vis leCxumis SesaerTeblad. man leCxumidan mefis winaaRmdeg

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SeTqmulebaSi baaka Ciqovanic Caaba. solomonma saidumlod gamoarkvia wereTlis danaSaulebrivi monawileoba leCxumis saqmeSi. 1800-iani wlebidan ki, roca solomoni ruseTTan SeerTebis winaaRmdegi gamovida, mefisadmi mtrobam Tavadi wereTeli SeerTebis momxre gaxada da amitomac iyo, rom man mxari dauWira 1804 wlis istoriul aqts (risTvisac man ruseTis imperatorisagan Zvirfasi saCuqari miiRo) (burjanaZe. 1959:183). am erTgulebis sanacvlod zurab wereTels ruse-Tis imperatorisagan briliantebiT Semkuli oqros saTuTune miuRia, Semdeg ki polkovnikis Cini, momavalSi ki imereTis mmarTvelobaSi pirvel adgils, general-maioris xarisxs da sxva uxv wyalobas pirdebodnen (soselia.1981:123).

zurab wereTels hyolia moZRvari, romelsac 1805 wels wyalobis wigni gadasca: „wyalobis wigni dagiwereT da giboZeT Cven batonma saxlTuxucesma wereTelman, Zmaman Cemman sardal-man wereTelman qaixosrom, Zmaman Cemman mouravma wereTelma berma da Zeman CemTa svimonma, grigolma da Zmiswulma ros-tomisaman da sxvaman, Sen Cvens erTgulsa da erTgulobiT namsaxurs Cvens moZRvars mRvdels wereTels daviTs“(qim.140). miuxedavad misi uaryofiTi saqmianobisa, zurab wereTeli sulzec fiqrobda.

zurab wereTeli jer kidev 1802 wlidan TanamSromlobda rusebTan, rasac mowmobs misi saidumlo Sexvedrebi ruseTis warmomadgenel a. sokolovTan, razec TviTon rusi moxele saubrobs: „31 ivliss CemTan movida Tavadi zurab wereTeli, saxlTuxucesi da didxans vilaparakeT. man miambo, rom mef-es ar surs, rom xelmwife imperatoris azri da survili aRasrulos. es, rasakvirvelia mas ugnurebiT modis sTqva wereTelma da ar esmis, Tu ra bolo moelis da ra risxva imperatorisagan am Txovnis aRusruleblobiT. man miTxra,

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rom me gadmomcems ramdenime mefis saidumlo moqmedebas da ambebs Tu davpirdebi, rom yvela misi naambobi daSTeba Cem-gan saidumlod da davpirdi erTgulebisTvis gansakuTrebul yuradRebas“(Sroma.1883:2). zurab wereTeli samSoblos gadar-CenisaTvis mefis qmedebas ugunurebas uwodebs, Tavad ki rus moxeles Tavis mamulSi patiJebs, sadac sokolovi gakvirve-buli darCenila, radgan mas unaxavs zurabis ori sasaxle- erTi evropulad da meore aziurad morTuli, igi 12 agvistos darCenila saxlTuxucesTan, romelsac misTvis bevri saWiro da sasiamovno cnoba gadaucia rusi moxelisaTvis.

daaxloebiT 1802 wels diakoni iona xelaSvili imereTSi yofnisas Sexvedria solomon mefes, romelsac dausaCuqre-bia beri, xolo Semdeg igi Sexvedria saxlTuxuces zurab wereTels. kalmasobis avtori gvauwyebs zurab wereTlis azrs samSoblosa da erTgulebaze. zurab wereTlis azriT Tu vinme iqneba gaZevebuli sakuTari mefisagan mamulis or-gulobisaTvis da cud-kacobisaTvis da vinme am pirovnebas Seifarebs sando karis-kacad gaumarTlebelia, igi saubrobs, rom „eseviTarTa mrCevelTagan CvenTvis sakicxevari saqme da esegvarman uwesobaman da ficis mtexlobaman Soba ganxeTq-ileba urTierT Soris. da me raoden vecade ganmarTvad ama uwesobaTa saqmeebTa, esoden aRiZrnen sasikvdilod Cemda“ (ioane batoniSvili. 1948: 71). cota gasakviria, rom zurab wereTeli saubrobs samSoblos erTgulebaze, magram am dia-logidan Cans, rom am droisaTvis ukve arsebobda ganxeTq-ileba imereTis samefoSi, romelSic zurab wereTelic iyo gareuli.

1809 wlis 31 martiT daTariRebuli weriliT irkveva, rom saxlTuxucesi solomon mefis warmomadgeneli iyo rusebTan molaparakebisas da mas solomon mefe jer kidev endoboda:

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„warmovavline Tavadi Cveni saxlTuxucesi wereTeli zurab, kaci Cem mier sarwmuno, erTguli qristianobisa, xelmwifisa da mefobisa Cemisaca da masTana mecnieri saqmeTa CemTa, romel-ica ganacxadebs yovelTa simarTleTa da mas Tana umizezoTa mwuxarebaTa CemTa winaSe Tqvensa...“ (kakabaZe.1956:387). solo-moni werilSi saubrobs sakuTar udanaSaulobaze rusebTan mimarTebaSi da usjulo kacebs uwodebs mis cilismwameblebs, rom ar aris sarwmuno misTvis bralis dadeba, „vinaidgan var mefe qristeani da maqvs Tavi Cemi gankuTvnili qristeaned“. solomonis es gulwrfeli aRiareba rusi moxeleebisaTvis carieli sityvebi iyo, radgan TviT zurab wereTeli ar en-doboda mefes da igi ormag TamaSs eweoda. amas mowmobs imave wlis 30 ivliss daTariRebuli werili, romelSic zurab wereTeli general tormasovs erTulebas eficeba _ „six-aruliT gitydebiT, rom sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT erTguli vrCebi saxelovani xelmwifisa, romlisTvisac mzad var Cemi da Cemi Svilebis sxeulis TviTeuli nawilis sisxli davRva-ro... roca Tqveni Zalebi Cems xelSi iqneba, maSin vimoqmedeb yvela mimarTulebiT, maT Soris axalcixis mimarTulebi-Tac, rogorc saqme moiTxovs, aseve gamomigzavneT erTi polki jari, romelic imoqmedebs ise, rogorc me vubrZaneb, amas-Tanave, gamomigzavneT fuli saqmis dadebiTad gadasawyvetad, razmi moiyvaneT suramSi da me TviTon gadaviyvan imereTSi“ (Акти. IV:206). vfiqrobT komentari, zedmetia, rusuli oqro Tavis saqmes asrulebda, gadagvarebuli saxlTuxucesi sisx-lis dasaRvreladac ki mzad iyo rusi xelmwifisaTvis da amisaTvis rusis jarsa da fuls iTxovda, raTa sakuTari mefe taxtidan Camoegdo.

rusi moxeleebi bolomde mainc ar endobodnen were-Tels da saidumlo miwer-moweraSi mas „orpir pirovnebas“,

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„Zvel mzakvars“, „yvelaze saSiS adamians“ eZaxdnen. garegnu-lad ki imereTis am „pirvel kacs“ didi pativiscemiT epy-robodnen da misgan bevr sasargeblo cnobebs Rebulobdnen (soselia.1981:124). zurabis pirovnebac zustad SeufasebiaT im adamianebs, romlebic yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa imereTis Tavad-aznauroba gadaebirebinaT da kanonieri mefe ki samefo-dan gaeZevebinaT.

rogorc ki imereTSi rusuli samxedro nawilebi Semovid-nen, zurab wereTeli aSkara moqmedebaze gadavida. igi gver-diT amoudga rusis sardlebs da Tavisi ymebi imperatoris erTgulebaze daafica. 1810 wlis 22 Tebervals igi general tormasovs atyobinebda _ „Tumca ara ismineT ama Cemsa mox-senebulsa, vxedam drom gaiara da ver daiWerT mefes da ufro gaZneldebis. me vambob Tqvenis erTgulebisTvis, Torem raisaTvis mendomebis me bedniereba misi, radgan CamomarTo yoveli Zali da Zliereba, rodesac movida saqarTvelosa Sina mxedroba ruseTisa da nebavT kidec sikvdili Cemi, kva-lad momeciT neba me maliad, rom mefe solomons Tavis sic-ocxleSid ar mieRos mefoba Tqvenis aRTqmiT da movawerino xeli Semdeg misa“ (kakabaZe.1956:455-456). moRalate Tavads am droisaTvis dakarguli hqonda saxlTuxucesoba, mefeze ganawyenebuli wereTeli yvelafers akeTebs, raTa solomonma Tavisi kanonieri taxti dakargos.

solomon mefem zurab wereTels jer 300 komli kaci CamoarTva da konstantine batoniSvils uboZa, Semdeg mefem igi saxlTuxucesobidan gadaayena, rac mas wliurad 4000 maneTamde Semosavals aZlevda. man dakarga agreTve sofeli wirqvali, modinaxes cixe da raWis mouraoba, romlebic mefem qaixosro wereTels gadasca (burjanaZe.1959:187). Tavisi Ra-latis gamo zurab wereTels sakmaod didi Semosavali da mamulebi daukargavs, rac savsebiT logikuri iyo. zurab

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wereTeli Tavad aRiarebda mefis Ralats da amasTanave, didi mondomebiT cdilobda, solomonis erTguli Tavadebic gad-aebirebina _ „uwinares amis gamovarTvi kniaz dimitris samas ormoci oqro da samis wilis Cemis sakuTaris zeda darTvisa moklesa drosa Sina warvage mosyidvisaTvis romelTame me-fisa vezirTasa, romelnica arian dRes erTgul viTarca me“. „CamomarTves yoveli gamosavali Cemi da saxlTuxucesoba, romelic marto saxlTuxucesobis kerZo oTxas Tumnamdis Semomividodis da sazogado Semosavalni sxvani da yovelTa-gan kidegan myves“ (kakabaZe.1956:419).

mamis amgvar Ralats Zlier ganicdida zurab wereTlis vaJi svimon wereTeli, 1810 wlis gazafxulze, igi solomon mefes naxulobs TbilisSi, sadac igi „davarda muxlmodreki-li imis win da qedmoxrilma samjer daukra mefes ferxTqueSe da ixrCobda cremlebiT, sTqva _ mefeo agvaRe eg wyeva Cemgan da Cemis Zmis daviT mitropolitisagan, radgan Cven ara varT am saqmeSi TanamgrZnobelni Cvenis mamis da Zmis grigolisa. maSin mefem uTxra imas-nu geSinian am wyevis, radgan RvTis samarTali stanjavs imas, vinc damnaSavea, da vinc ar, imas ar Seexeba“ (krebuli.1872:15). solomon mefis winaSe svimon wereTels uRiarebia mamisa da Zmis danaSauli da misgan Sen-doba da wyevlis axsna uTxovia. svimoni mefis erTguli da Rirseuli pirovneba rom iyo, Cans im werilidan, romelic man mamas, zurab wereTels miswera axalcixidan: „aba raRaT minda sicocxle, yoveli kaci, qarTveli Tu kaxeli, TaTari Tu somexi, beri, Tu eri, ymawvili Tu moxucebuli vinc vnaxe yvela meubneba, ra qna es mamaSenmao, mefe rom gascao da es xma ra saZagelia, xom iciT da momixsenebia netamc oci wliT adre amovwyvetiliyaviT suyvela qalebian-kacebianaT da es xma CvenSi ar Semosuliyo. sjobda WeSmaritad. ras SeCere-bixarT, ras uyurebT, Senc aq Camodi... ecade rame RvTis gu-

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lisaTvis Torem an codva amogvagdebs an sircxvili. Tqveni Svili. iqneba gewyinaT es wigni, magram Tund momkali unda mogaxseno“ (xel.erov. centri.f.Hd.№3159). mamis saqcieliT Sercxvenili svimoni, mamas ayvedris Cadenil saqciels da sakuTari ojaxis gadaSenebazec ki saubrobs, radgan aseTi sircxvili ar enaxaT. unda SevniSnoT, rom mefis RalatSi adanaSaulebda zurab wereTels iese dekanozic (ilarion yan-Caveli) _ igi „wina aRudga zurabs srulis SurisZiebiT, amx-ila imas, rom Sen xar mteri da orguli qveSevrdomi Senis mefisa“ (krebuli.1872:8). qveynis da mefis erTguli mamuliS-vili sakuTar mamas im udides sircxvils axsenebs, romelic man solomon mefis gacemis dros Caidina. axalcixeSi gada-sul simon wereTels ZmasTan grigol wereTelTanac hqonia miwer-mowera. grigolisgan gagzavnil kacs svimonisTvis metad mZime ambavi ucnobebia, razec man Zmas umkacresi werili mis-wera: „miTxra, rom dedofali iman unda Cagvaros rusebso. Tu dasturia es giTxres da maSinve Tavi ar moikal, fu Sens kacobas! dedofali! jereT batoni, mere Seni mSobliuraT-mamleli, gamzrdeli, Seni macocxlebeli da macolSviliane-beli – miaTrem da rusebs aZlem! risTvis, ra gaWirvebisTvis, ase vTqvaT? mogklan mokvdi magisTvis, araferi iqneba. vali gaq, WeSmaritad. xuTjer, rom mokvde, mainc ver gadaixdi, nurc Sens kacobas uzam da nurc me momklam javriT, esec miTxra, rom Seni colic miyavsTo. magram ara mgonia daanebo. aman ki damafiqra, rom Tu dedofali daanebe visme, Cem cols raRas daeZeb, Cemi ki mieci ar daveZeb, oRon dedofals nuravis daanebeb“ (ist. dok. da arq. II. 1953:101). svimon wereTeli mZimed ganicdis Zmis saqciels, romelmac uRalata sakuTar mefes da Semdeg gadawyvetili hqonda mariam dedoflisaTvis eRalata. zurab wereTels hyavda aseve mesame Svili mit-ropoliti daviT wereTeli, romelic 1804 wels akurTxes

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xinos episkoposad, Tumca mama am kurTxevis winaaRmdegi yo-fila. daviT mitropolitis qobuleTis mxareSi xinoSi moR-vaweobas misioneruli daniSnuleba hqonda, Tumca man Tavisi moRvaweobis ZiriTadi nawili jruWis monasterSi gaatara (Кавкаский Календар.1854:505). ucnobia TanaugrZnobda Tu ara mRvdelmTavari mamas, magram sagulisxmoa erTi werili, romelic 1811 wlis 13 agvistos general–maiori simonoviCi mTavarmarTebel tormasovs atyobinebs, rom imereTSi jil-doebis darigebis dros SecdomiT dajildovda mitropoli-ti sofron wulukiZe xinowmindel mitropolit daviTis nacvlad (kakabaZe.1956:494). ucnobia, ratom daajildoves daviT mitropoliti, imitom, rom is zurab wereTlis Svili iyo Tu sxva damsaxurebis gamo gaugebaria.

saxeze gvaqvs ori urTierTsapirispiro adamiani, erTi mzad aris pativisa da piradi keTildReobis gamo gahyidos sam-Soblo, uaryos sakuTari mefe, dedofali, romelsac grigo-lis winaSe gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba hqonia da masze ara-viTarma Segonebebma ar imoqmeda da uaryo yvelaferi risi uaryofac SeiZleboda.

mefisa da qveynis orguli Tavadis mdgomareoba rusuli mmarTvelobis periodSi Zlier Seicvala. misi molodini ar gamarTlda. ruseTis sardlobis totalurma RonisZiebebma suli SeuxuTes TavaSvebul Tavads. zurab wereTeli axali reJimis ukmayofilo gaxda. misi piradi mdgomareoba bevrad ukeTesi iyo mefobis dros, roca igi damoukideblad cxov-robda, mraval yma-mamuls flobda da umaRlesi Tanamdebo-ba eWira saxelmwifoSi. man mTavarsardal rtiSCevTan iCivla da naRvlianad werda: „ruseTis mTavrobas misTvis waurTme-via quTaiseli vaWrebi, sofeli wirqvali, sofeli Cxeri da misi Semosavali, aseve stamba da stambis adgili quTaiss da mravali sxva“ (burjanaZe.1959:189). aseTi gza gauvlia solo-

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mon mefis uaxloes adamians, Tavad zurab wereTels. solo-mon mefis dros mravali mamulisa da Semosavlis patronma, jer kidev solomonis sicocxleSi dakarga mravali wyaloba da Tanamdeboba, rusulma xelisuflebam igi gamoiyena, Sem-deg ki misi uflebebi SezRuda. zurabma TiTqos „mefeze gaim-arjva, magram mefesTan erTad TviTonac damarcxda“, aseTia, samSoblos moRalatis xvedri, igi SeiZules Tavisma Taname-droveebma da Semdgomma Taobebma, misi cxovreba kidev erTi magaliTia yvelasaTvis, vinc samSoblos winaaRmdeg wava. dam-cirebuli da ukve asakSi Sesuli Tavadi wereTeli 1823 wlis 28 ianvars gardaicvala. sainteresoa ganicdida Tu ara yofili saxlTuxucesi sindisis qenjnas sicocxlis bo-los, romelsac amdeni sircxvilis Semdeg Tavis sagvareulo jruWis monastris saZvaleSi eRirsa dakrZalva, maSin roca misgan uaryofili mravaltanjuli jer kidev axalgazrda solomon mefe trapizonis miwaze ganisvenebda.

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1810 wlis uTanasworo brZolebi

Tbilisidan gaqcevis Semdeg solomon mefe Seecada gamo-eyenebina yvela resursi da ruseTTan brZolaSi ganizraxa iran-osmaleTis da lekTa razmebis CarTva. igi amasTanave dau-kavSirda Tavis saxelovan biZas aleqsandre batoniSvils da masTan erTad axalcixeSi sofel qoTelSi Seadgina moqmede-bis gegma. aleqsandre batoniSvilma ki imereTis mosaxleobas solomon mefis gaqceva Seatyobina (rexviaSvili.1989:376). Zalze sagulisxmoa aleqsandre batoniSvilis werili, romelSic igi bagratovanTa saxlis bednierebaze saubrobs: „RmerTma mogvxeda da Cveni saxlis bedniereba daiwyo. dRes 13 maiss, mefe solomoni gaeqca rusebs Tavisi TavadebiT, romelic masTan iyvnen da mobrZanda qoTelSi. viciT, rom Tqvenc isurvebT, darCeT bagrationebis saxlis erTgulni. axla dadga Jami, gamoiCinoT Tqveni gmiroba, imoqmedoT, ri-Tac samudamod davalebuls gaxdiT Cvens saxls“. mowodebaSi aleqsandre batoniSvili imereTis mosaxleobas mouwodebs, raTa brZoliT daicvan bagrationTa samefo dinastiis Rirse-ba, batoniSvilis mowodebam marTlac miaRwia mizans, Tumca „Tavis mxriv arc mTavarmarTebeli tormasovi iyo usaqmod, man ramdenime proklamacia gaavrcela romlebSic igi xalxs afrTxilebda, rom solomon mefesTan yovelgvari kavSiri gaewyvitaT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi maT qonebis konfiskaciiTa da cimbirSi gadasaxlebiT emuqreboda. mTavarmarTebeli kar-gad xedavda im safrTxes, romelic SiZleba solomon me-fisa da aleqsandre batoniSvilis SeerTebiT warmoqmniliyo, radgan imereTSi mefobis SesaZlo aRdgenis Semdeg bune-brivia qarTl-kaxeTSi mefobis aRdgenis sakiTxic dadgeboda, rac gansakuTrebiT aSfoTebda tormasovs, Tuki solomoni

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savaraudod daxmarebas osmaleTidan da sparseTidan miiRebda saqarTveloSi myof rusul samxedro nawilebs safrTxe SeeqmnebodaT, Tumca solomon mefe xedavda, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis sakiTxs qarTveli xalxi ufro Sinaur saqmed uyurebda da saqarTvelo-osmaleTis an saqarTvelo-sparseTis urTierTobisagan mas arsebiTad an-sxvavebda. Tavis proklamaciaSi imerlebs auwyebda, rom is ucxo jarebs ar Semoiyvanda da marto Semovidoda, roca imereTis erTsulovani ajanyebis Sesaxeb gaigebda“ (berZeniS-vili.1965.II:386). 1810 wlis 17 maiss solomon mefem didi grZnobiT aRsavse werili miswera dosiTeos quTaTel mit-ropolits, werili aseve imereTis macxovreblebisTvisac iyo gankuTvnili: „mefe sruliad imerTa solomon usaRmrToess marjvenes sasoebiT amboris yofas mogaxsenebT, merme rode-sac gadawyvetiT guli davajere, rom ruseTs mistumrebd-nen, Tqvenis moSorebisa da imereTis saukunod datovebis cecxli Cems guls moegzna; cas qveSeTs didebas– TqvenTan yofna, TqvenTan sixaruli, TqvenTan sicocxle da sikvdili varCie, aw Tqvengan da mTelad imereTisagan Cemi sawadwli es aris, me Tu sxva samsaxuri ram damiklia imereTisaTvis, es ki yvelam iciT, rom Tqvenis pativiscemisa da siyvarulisa-gan araodes Cemi guli ar gamZRara, ar kidev sikvdilisa da gansacdelisaTvis Tavi gadavsdev TqvenTan sicocxlisaT-vis“ (xuskivaZe. 1902:22). werilSi naTlad Cans solomonis gansakuTrebuli pativiscema quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrisadmi da is didi gulistkivili rac mefes imereTis datovebiT moeloda. „amazedac ficiT gerwmunebiT, Tu imereTs Cemis dakargviT bedniereba da Tavisufleba miecemodes, rogorc Tqvenis mouSoreblobisaTvis Tavi gamovimete, ise TqvenTvis dakargvas sasixarulod miviRebdi, saqarTvelo, ficiTa da

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oqroTi moatyues da dRes aRarc simdidre uxaria kacsa, aRarc Tavisi saxli. nu daiRupebiT qarTlsaviT, romelnic sulierad did paraskevs xorcs sWamen da xorcielad gatan-julni sikvdils natruloben“. Tuki imereTi solomon mefis sikvdiliT bednieri iqneba, igi mzadaa samSoblos gulisTvis sicocxlec gaswiros, qarTlis sulier mdgomareobas ki igi metad mZimed afasebs.

maisis Tve solomon mefem axalcixeSi gaatara, sadac ajanyebisaTvis emzadeboda. „ajanyebam organizebuli saxe mi-iRo mas Semdeg, rac axalcixidan 1810 wlis ivnisis dasaw-yisSi dabrunda solomon II-sTan erTad iq gaqceuli zemo imereTis sardali qaixosro wereTeli“ (mWedliZe.2013:284). uTanasworo brZolebi TiTqmis oTxi Tvis manZilze momdin-areobda gardamavali upiratesobiT. Tavdapirvelad war-mateba ajanyebulebma moipoves da mters didi ziani miayenes lomsiaTxevze mdinare WiSuris viwro xeobaSi, ajanyebulTa meore dajgufeba, romelic sofel marelisSi (xaragaulis raioni) iyo dabanakebuli rusul nawilebs brZola gaumarTes sofel kortoxTan da isini droebiT SeaCeres. amis gamo 22 ivliss ruseTis mTavrobam gadaayena rusuli jarebis xe-lmZRvaneli dimitri orbeliani da mis magivrad dain-iSna baroni rozeni, romelmac pirveli gamarjveba mdinare Cxerimelas gadasasvlelTan moipova, sadac rusulma regu-larulma armiam artileriis daxmarebiT warmatebas miaRwia, Semdeg ki sofel simoneTs miadga sadac mefe solomoni iyo gamagrebuli. „quTaisis misasvlelebs misi momxreebis 7000-iani laSqari icavda qaixosro wereTlisa da sxva Tav-adebis xelmZRvanelobiT. maT mdinare WiSurasTan gaumarTes brZola momxdurebs. oTxi saaTi gauZles maT gaafTrebul Semotevas, Sedeg ki iZulebulni gaxdnen poziciebi mietove-

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binaT“ (gonikiSvili.1979:189). imereTis mosaxleobas ar hqonda brZolis gamocdileba, amitom maT uWirdaT ruseTis br-Zolisunarian da kargad SeiaraRebul nawilebTan brZola. miuxedavad ajanyebulTa simravlisa, isini rusul samxedro nawilebTan mainc marcxdebodnen. 22 ivliss generalma or-belianma ajanyebulebi daamarcxa Cxeris cixesTan, xolo 25 ivlisis Setakebis dros daiRupa qaixosro abaSiZe, darejan batoniSvilis meuRle. gadarCenilma ajanyebulebma qaixo-sro wereTlis winamZRolobiT Tavi Seafares maRlaks, sa-dac solomon mefec misula. polkovnik simonoviCis jarebis miaxloebisas ki solomons maRlaki dautovebia da sofel rionTan gadasula (xaxanaSvili. 1911:72). 29 ivliss rusul-ma nawilebma quTaisi daikaves. 4 agvistos brZola gaimarTa sofel rionTan, romelsac TviT solomon mefe xelmZR-vanelobda, gaafTrebuli Setakeba mTeli dRis ganmavloba-Si mimdinareobda da mebrZoli mxareebi mxolod sibnelem gaaCera. 10 agvistos gelaTis axlos, nagarevSi simonoviCma ver SeZlo mefis Sepyroba (rexviaSvili.1989:382). ukanaskneli mironcxebuli monarqi sabolood eTxoveboda mSobliur adgilebs, eTxoveboda gelaTis wminda monasters, sadac Tav-isi saxelovani winaprebi ganisvenebdnen, igi rogorc devnili ise gadadioda sofel-sofel, tye-tye da ase tovebda Tavis samSoblos. 26 agvistos mefis momxreebi sofel saqaraSi xuTsaaTiani brZolis Semdeg damarcxdnen. am dRes daiRupa qaixosro abaSiZis „ufrosi Svili xaxula, cota ufro adre 20 ivniss saqarasTan axlos kapitan titovis razmTan brZo-las Seewirnen qaixosros vaJebi, romelTa saxelebi CvenTvis ucnobia“(soselia.1973:206). qaixosro abaSiZe iyo solomon pirvelis qaliSvilis darejan batoniSvilis meuRle. qaixos-ros ojaxi mTlianad amowyda rusebTan brZolaSi, misi erTi

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cocxlad darCenili vaJi ivane 1819-1820 wlis ajanyebis erT-erTi meTauri iyo da igi rusebma axalcixeSi moakvlevines. darejan batoniSvili ki ruseTSi gadaasaxles.

erTi cnobiT solomon mefem 25 seqtembers simonoviCTan Setakebis Semdeg datova saqarTvelo da axalcixeSi gada-vida, meore cnobiT, rac ufro naklebsarwmunoa: „mefe 1810 wlis 24 oqtombers osmalTa jaris daxmarebiT gadavida ax-alcixeSi. adgilobriv garemosa da xSir tyeebs saSualeba ar miucia simonoviCisaTvis raTa kvaldakval gahyoloda mefes, romelsac gahyolia 17 Tavadi, TavianTi ojaxebiT, 8 azn-auri da mRvdeli nikolozi, erT-erTi mTavari buntovSiki da 150 glexi“ (Чудинов. 1895:273). rusis jars mZime dRe rom dasdgomia kargad Cans simonoviCis gagzavnili Set-yobinebidan tormasovisadmi: „solomon mefis verc mokvla movaxerxeT da verc datyvevebao. cda ar dagviklia, ganu-wyveteli brZolebiTa da SimSiliT ganawamebi jariskacebi ConCxebs daemsgavsnen, magram mTavari amocana ver Sevasru-leT“ (saqarTvelos istoria. IV.2012:20). es is simonovi-Cia, romelmac jvarze da saxarebaze daficebiT aRuTqva solomon mefes uvnebloba da samefos dabruneba, Tumca maTTvis ficis darRveva araviTar problemas ar warmoad-genda, piriqiT igi damwuxrebulia, mefis mkvlels rom ver miakvlia da samSoblos gadarCenisaTvis mebrZoli mefe, rom ver Seipyro. al. xaxanaSvilis cnobiT oTxTviani brZolebis dros rusebs imereTSi 20 oficeri da 392 jariskaci dau-kargavT, ucnobia ajanyebulTa mxares ra raodenobis ada-miani daiRupa, Cveni azriT samSoblos damcvelTa rigebSi msxverpli bevrad ufro meti unda yofiliyo, radgan mdin-are yvirilasTan qaixosro wereTlis razmsa da general rozenis samxedro nawilebis Setakebis dros imerlebs 200

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kaci daukargavT. amis mixedviT SesaZloa, qarTvelTa mxares daRupulTa raodenoba 1000 kacs aRematebodes*. aRniSnuli brZolebis dros daiRupa aseve osmalTa jaris nawili da

*ajanyebul qarTvelTa SeiaraRebaze garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis erTi Zveli naambobi, romelic mRvdel daviT RambaSiZes Cauweria 1883 wels: „mefe solomon RvTis moyvare kaci iyo da RmerTman imdeni moexerxebina, rom gamoipara da axalcixeSi amoyo Tavi. imereTis saxlTuxucesis mimdgmurma kacebma dayares xma solomon mefes TaTris sarwmunoeba miuRiao, daucveTia da axla imereTSi midis TaTris sarwmunoeba unda miaRebinos yvelas, magram es aravin daijera imereTis mefe amas ar izamso. imerel xalxs ra hqonda? Cveni saomari iaraRi waldi da culi iyo da Tofi naklebad gvqonda, sadac aRmarTi iqneboda iq qvebs davagoreb-diT da imiTac bevri wydeboda“ (droeba.1883.№62). albaT Zneli warmosadgenia, amgvarad SeiaraRebulma imerlebma rogor SeZles da Zlier mters ramdenimeTviani brZola gaumarTes. bunebrivia, rom samSoblos damcvelebs Sorisac mravlad iyo msxverpli, Tumca dRemde ar viciT daaxloebiT ra raodenobis vaJkaci See-wira antirusul gamosvlebsa da ajanyebebs aRniSnul periodSi. zepiri gadmocemebi Cauweria giorgi wereTelsac, romlebic Zalze sainteresoa. am gadmocemebSi saubaria im periodis rogorc Tav-dadebul aseve samSoblos gamcem adamianebze, istoriam yvela maTgans saTanado adgili miuCina. erT-erT gadagvarebul qarTv-els mamisTvala yifians mtris megzuroba ukisria da simonoviCis jars xlebia. „igi gamocxadebia ber wereTels da TiTqos qaixosro wereTelis danabarebi gadaucia-qaixosro wereTelma gibrZanaT me mefesTan mivdivar da Tqven RoreSasken daiwieT, Tqveni kacebiT, rom ulevze jari ar gamogveparos. ber wereTels marTlac auyria jari am cru Setyobinebaze. mamisTvala yifians ki am xerxiano-bisaTvis orasi oqro miuRia“ (kvali. 1896.№26). dasanania, rom orguli qarTvelebi piradi gamorCenis mizniT arafers Takilobd-nen, mteri ki Tanxebs ar iSurebda, radgan orasi oqro im drois-aTvis sakmaod didi Tanxa iyo. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa garsia

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maTi xelmZRvaneli suleiman–bei, romlebic imerTa mxares ibrZodnen.

solomon mefes axalcixeSi gahyva Semdegi pirebi: solomon lioniZe, grigol, daviT da giorgi erisTavebi, daviT abaSiZe, qaixosro da daviT agiaSvilebi, qaixosro da svimon zurabis Ze wereTeli da sxvebi, maTi umravlesoba mefis gardacvale-bamde imyofeboda osmaleTSi. solomonis gardacvalebis Semdeg ki samSobloSi dabrundnen. giorgi avaliSvili 1820

RonRaZis naambobi qaixosro wereTlis meuRle qeTevan abaSiZeze. „qeTevan abaSiZe modinaxes cixes icavda, rodesac zurab wereTlis vaJi grigoli, romelic rusebis razms xelmZRvanelobda gadasula TodaZis cixeSi da iqedan dauSenia modinaxes cixisTvis zarbaznebi. qaixosros meuRles ki galavanSi wyali gauSvia naxevar arSinze da nabdebi dausvelebia, raTa galavanSi gadmogdebul yumbaris Cla wyals gaeqro. am dros TodaZis cixidan gadmoegdoT erTi yumbara, romelic sardlis meuRlis maxloblad dacemula da jer ar iyo gamskdari. qeTevans uceb TviTon auRia sveli nabadi da gadmogdebuli yumbarisaTvis daufarebia. amis Semdeg qeTevans misvlia grigol wereTlis baraTi, romelSic is eficeboda wminda samebas da savanis wminda giorgis, rom me Seni erTguli da moy-varuli mazliswuli varo. neba miboZe movide da dedaT aRgiaro da ZuZuze kbili damadgmevine, rom ufro damerwmunovo. („ZuZuze kbilis dadgma“ niSnavda Svilobilad miRebas da Semdeg vinc am Cveulebas gatexda is Seiqmneboda mkvidri dedis mkvleli). meore dRes grigol wereTels aRusrulebia wminda xalxuri Cveuleba da gamxdara misi Svilobili, romlis Semdegac mas neba miucia polkovniki simonoviCi, grigol wereTeli da jaris garkveuli nawili cixeSi SeeSva. cixeSi Sesuli grigoli mivardnila qeTe-vanTan, dauxvevia xelSi misi nawnavebi da TreviT gamouyvania cix-is gareT da dautyvevebia. qeTevanis TanamebrZoli kacebi zogi mouklavT, zogi dauWriaT“ (iqve.№26). aseTi samarcxvino saqcieli

Caudenia zurab wereTlis vaJs grigols.

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wels konstantinepolSi Sexvedria giorgi evgenis Ze abaSiZes, romelic jer kidev yrma wahyolia solomon mefes trapi-zonSi da „Semdgomad daoblebisa Cvenisa (solomon mefis sikvdilis Semdeg) raodennica vaxldiT mas, ver viqonieT erTxmobiT, vieTnime zraxvidnen mamulisave Tvisisad miqce-vas, vieTnime ver hbedavdnen Semdgomad rCevaTa maTTa SiSis gamo rusTasa“ (avaliSvili.1967:1967: 95). solomon mefis gar-dacvalebis Semdeg mis Tanxmleb pirTa Soris azrTa sxva-dasxvaoba yofila da maTgan zogi saqarTveloSi dabrunda, nawili ki osmaleTSi darCa. tormasovma axalcixeSic moawyo laSqroba, Tumca iZulebuli gaxda Savi Wiris gamo laSqroba Seewyvita. am droisTvis saerTaSoriso viTarebac iseTi iyo, rom solomonma daxmareba verc osmaleTidan miiRo, radgan 1812 wels dasrulda ruseT-osmaleTis omi da buqarestis zavis mixedviT ruseTs darCa imereTi, samegrelo, guria da afxazeTi. mefem daxmareba iranis Sahsac sTxova, magram mis-ganac uari miiRo. solomonma daxmarebisTvis 1810 wlis 20 oqtombers daxmareba napoleon bonapartesac sTxova, romel-sac igi „universalur arbitrs“ uwodebs, 1811 wlis 6 ianvriT daTariRebul werilSi solomon mefe pirdapir mfarvelobas sTxovs napoleons; „magram, de, man inebos ganmaTavisuflos milion qristian sulTan erTad moskovis imperatoris Seu-bralebeli uRlisagan; an misi maRali mfarvelobiT, an misi yovlisSemZle marjvenis ZaliT da man momaTavsos mfarvel-obaSi misi meTaurobiT arsebul CrdilqveS“ (rexviaSvili. 1992:315). Tumca arc am saqmidan gamovida araferi. devnili mefe axalcixidan arzrumSi, xolo iqedan trapizonSi gada-vida. miuxedavad imisa, rom solomonma daxmareba veravisgan ver miiRo igi sicocxlis bolomde ar kargavda imeds sam-SobloSi dabrunebisa. axalgazrda tanjuli mefes yovelg-

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var ubedurebasTan erTad janmrTelobac naadrevad Seerya. SesaZloa axalgazrda mefem 1810 wlis brZolebis dros mi-iRo dazianeba, an ramdenimewlianma araadamianurma cxovre-bam, mudmivma devnam daavada mefe, rasac emateboda sakuTar xalxsa da sayvarel meuRlesTan samudamo ganSoreba da misgan gamowveuli udidesi mwuxareba. mudmivi fiqri imaze, rom mas memkvidre ar darCenia da mis Semdeg imereTis samefos gauqmeba emuqreboda. iqneb imazec wuxda axalgazrda 37 wlis mefe*, rom mas ergo xvedrad aTaswlovani samefo dinastiis ukanaskneli warmomadgeneli yofiliyo. mefe, romelsac ar eRirsa mSob-liur miwaze dakrZalva da Tavisi xalxis mier datireba. igi 1810 wlis seqtemberSi samudamod gamoeTxova misgan ase Sey-varebul imereTs, romelic man `samoTxes~ Seadara. danaRv-lianebuli, ganawamebi, nabrZoli mefe tovebda samSoblos im imediT, rom kvlav moikrebda Zlebs da axali energiiT ibr-Zolebda sakuTari taxtis dasabruneblad, Tumca axalgazrda gmiri mefis ocnebebs aRsruleba ar ewera.

* SevniSnavT, rom ver gaviziarebT istorikos n. javaxiSvilis mosazrebas, TiTqos saqarTvelos ukanaskneli bagratovani mefe solomon meore ki ara, aramed erekle mefis SviliSvili grigol bagrationi iyo, romelic qarTl-kaxeTis 1812 wlis ajanyebas me-Taurobda da 20 Tebervlidan 6 martamde mefobda - „am xanmokle periodSi igi mefedac ukurTxebiaT. es sruliad sakmarisia, rom igi ukanasknel qarTvel monarqad miviCnioT“ (javaxiSvili.2008:72). Cveni azriT, grigoli iyo taxtis pretendenti, iseTive, rogoric iyvnen aleqsandre batoniSvili, levan batoniSvili, ivane abaSiZe da sxva. rac Seexeba mis mefed kurTxevas, es sruli wesiT ver moxdeboda, radgan es unda aResrulebina yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqs anton meores, romelic am droisaTvis ru-seTSi iyo gadasaxlebuli. grigols ar hqonda aseve samefo re-galiebi da a. S.

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solomon mefis gardacvaleba 1815 w.

imereTis samefos bolo monarqma sicocxlis ukanaskneli wlebi osmaleTSi, qalaq trapizonSi gaatara. igi cdilobda daxmareba mieRo osmaleTidan, safrangeTidan an iranidan, Tumca im droisaTvis saerTaSoriso viTareba ruseTis im-periis sasargeblod warimarTa. cnobilia, rom trapizonSi mefem miiRo osmaleTis sulTan mahmudis baraTi, romel-Sic mas atyobinebda, rom „ruseTis mefe gardaekida imisTana mowinaaRmdeges napaleon bonapartes, romlisganac saeWvoa, rom Tavi ixsnaso da mas (solomons), SavizRvispireTSi foTis cixeSi wasvlas urCevda, sadac mividoda trapizonis da ar-zumis faSebi jarebiT“ (mwyemsi.1890. N15-16).

sagonebelSi Cavardnili mefisTvis, samwuxaro iyo ase-Ti mokiTxva, radgan savaraudod igi gulis siRrmeSi mainc eWvobda saqmis dadebiTad gadawyvetas, ris gamoc igi saso-warkveTilebamde yofila misuli: „risTvis Cavesaxe mucelSi Cems dedas, Tu ki rom CemTvis unda moxdes amgvari ube-durebani da SemTxvevani saqristiano qveyanazedao“. mefes os-maleTis sulTnisaTvis madloba SeuTvlia da am saqmis sami TviT gadadeba uTxovia avadmyofobis gamo. rogorc cno-bilia solomon mefe foTSi Casula 1813 wlis 29 oqtombers, e.i. gardacvalebamde ori wliT adre igi ukve avadmyofob-da. mefis avadmyofobisa da misi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb fas-daudebel cnobebs gvawvdis misi sulieri moZRvris iese yan-Cavelis werili mariam dedoflisadmi, romelic mas 1817 wels gaugzavnia ruseTSi. gTavazobT werilis srul versias, romelic Zalze sainteresoa. „maTs umaRlesobas sruliad imerTa dedofals dadianis asuls mariams, mowyale xelm-wifes. qristes mier locvas da kurTxevas da Tqvenis umaR-

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lesobis taxts kocnas movaxseneb. S-d vinadgan batoni Cemi mefe solomon gardaicvala da Cemis auracxelis codvisagan dabnelebuli Seviqeni da unugeSo yovliTurT: mermeT Tqven wigni mogarTviT da yovelive ambavi gamovacxade da mogarTvi erTi trapizonidam. mogarTviT wigni da erTi imereTidam ar-odes pasuxi ar meboZa Tquen mier arc vici mogerTuarT da axla movaxseneb ambavs Cveni codvis kiTxvisas. maTis umaR-lesobis, kurTxeulis da netarxsenebulis mefe solomonis micualebas, odes Tqueni werili moerTva batons foTs br-Zandeboda da avad imyofeboda odes Tqveni werili moerTva aprilis ib, rom yovlad mowyales xelmwifes gaurigdio, aq girCevnia isev TaTarSi yofnasao bevrTao, magram maSin avaT brZandeboda da trapizons wabrZanda. iq aqimi gaxldaT, magram ver qna ra im wyeulis Wirisagan rac erTi bzukva iyo marjvena ZuZus queiT“ (kakabaZe. 1914:99).

mefis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT Zalze inter-ess iwvevs solomon mefis ukanaskneli werili imperator aleqsandre pirvelisadmi: „rom general–maiorma simonoviCma da mogilevskim mas wminda saxarebasa da jvarze Sefices quTaisSi dabruneba da samefos dabruneba“, Tumca igi gamo-acxades sarwmunoebis mtrad da mraval adamians dahpird-nen uamravi jildosa da wyalobas Tuki mefes moklavda vinme da swored am dros, 1811 wels solomons sasikvdilo sawamlavi daalevines, `romlisganac damifara ufalma, wer-ili ese da sasikvdilo Sxami, risi TviTmxilvelebic iyvnen da damowmebac SeuZliaT jvris mamis taZris arqimandrit benediqtes da vice-polkovnik aTanase iuris Ze bolecovs“ (kakabaZe.1956:507). werili TariRdeba 1811 wlis 20 oqtom-briT, solomon mefesTan swored es ori pirovneba arqiman-driti benediqte da vice-polkovniki bolecovi imyofebod-nen axalcixeSi 1811 wlis agvistoSi, raTa molaparakebodnen

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solomon mefes. aRniSnuli weriliT vgebulobT, rom dageg-mili iyo solomon mefis mowamvla da rogorc Cans solo-mon mefem sawamlavi dalia, Tumca saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils. gamoiwvia Tu ara sawamlavis miRebam solomon me-fis janmrTelobis Seryeva da Semdgomi daavadeba CvenTvis ucnobia, Tumca am faqtiT dasturdeba, rom ruseTis adre dasaxuli gegma solomonis mokvlis Sesaxeb jer kidev dRis wesrigSi idga da ruseTisTvis kvlav safrTxes warmoadgenda samSoblodan gadaxvewili mefe.

iese yanCavelis werilidan vgebulobT, rom igi friad unugeSo mdgomareobaSi iyo solomon mefis gardacvalebis gamo. mas mariam dedoflisaTvis ori werili gaugzavnia, erTi trapizonidan da erTic imereTidan, Tumca dedoflisagan aranairi pasuxi ar miuRia. iese yanCaveli saubrobs mariam dedoflis werilze, romelic foTSi myof solomon me-fisaTvis miurTmeviaT. 1813 wlis 12 aprils, ra drosac solomoni avad iyo mariam dedofali meuRles sTxovda, rom ruseTis xelmwifes garigeboda da ruseTSi Casuliyo, Tumca avadmyofobis gamo mefe trapizons wabrZanebuliyo, sadac mas iqauri eqimi mkurnalobda, Tumca mkurnalobas Sedegi ver gamouRia, mefes marjvena mxares mkerdis qvemoT wamon-azardi hqonia, romelsac mama iese „wyeul Wirs“ uwodebs. savaraudod mas simsivne hqonda, ramac igi Zalze rTul mdgomareobaSi Caagdo. solomon mefe brZanebda „ar momar-Censo da moaxsenebdnen Tavadni _ nu brZanebo, kargaT brZan-debi, cxenze jdoma SegiZlia da agre raT brZanebo, momakv-davma raRa unda sTquaso, magram me ase vgoneb, rom saRmTo madliT icoda, naxevari wliT mixuda Tavis gansacdels, mibrZanebda niadag, rom me ar movrCebio da Sen icio, Sens meti momxsenebeli ar meyoleba. sakuTari daanaweri miboZa, Tu ram iqana qonda, aTi qesa TeTri iyo da aTi qesic Tu ram

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saqonelic iyo, oci qesa yuruSis qesa, rac SeiZleboda Rv-Tis madli da mefis madli Semewia da gavarige. is oci qesa ase garigda, rom asi qesa TeTri ver iqmoda, RvTis madliT ise vicodvile asormocdaaT monasterze. meoreT mosulamdi mosaxsenebeli davsdevi. berZnulad qarusia qvia im dasdeb-els Tavis saflavze, erTi saxareba movaWedine, sinaTeli ostati moviyvane, rom iq imisTana ostati ar ipoveba arsad, TerTmeti as marCilad iseTi gakeTda, rom z qesad afaseben. erTi xeli Sesamoseli davsdevi batonis saflavze da samasi marCili samTavno im wmindis grigolis eklesiazed, romelze-dac batoni marxia, ase rom misma sargebelma wirva ar unda gausxlitos im saflavzed im eklesiaSi, quaze miwerili aris. mRvdelmTavari dgas im eklesiazed da diax sasoebiT miRe-buli aqusT batoni ase, rom xatis msgavsad emTxvevian ba-tonis saflavs. qristianebi ocdaaTi aTasi qristiani aris im eklesiis STamomavali mitropolitis samwyso sulerTobiT batonis momxsenebelni da mlocvelni“ (kakabaZe.1914:99).

mama ieses sityviT solomon mefem saRvTo madliT wi-naswarve icoda am qveynidan wasvlis Sesaxeb, amitom igi sa-soebas mxolod sakuTar moZRvarze amyarebda, radgan imedi hqonda, rom gardacvalebis Semdeg mama iese mas moixsenie-bda. mefe solomons rac gaaCnda, yovelive moZRvars gad-asca, romelmac RvTisa da mefis madliT oci qesa fuliT asormocdaaT monasterSi meored mosvlamde mosaxseniebeli dauwesa. trapizonis wmida grigolis saxelobis eklesiaSi mRvdelmTavari swiravda da mefes yoveldRe moixsenebdnen, amasTanave aRniSnuli eklesiis mrevli, xatis msgavsad emTx-veodnen solomonis saflavs, rac solomon mefis mimarT gansakuTrebul pativiscemaze metyvelebs. im periodSi trapi-zonis qristiani mosaxleoba sul 30 aTasi suli mefis momx-senebeli da mlocveli yofila. „rac gxuda im oci qesidan

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im sakvirvel Raribebs mivarTvi ye sxva ver SeviZeli. da im berZnebisagan sawiravaT micemuli da Tu an ulufas gamovrCi rasme oras samoci yuruSi mqonda da isic Raribebs miveci rom mwuxareba momayenes Raribebma RuTis mowyalebiT ase daimarxa, rom rogorc ekadreboda. sxva mefe ise ar damarxula me ase mgonia im kai qristianebisagan. queyanis ganweseba aris Tuaram gacema, raRaT eWirveboda netai Tquen mlocveli Seiqmna rom sakvirveli ar dacxreboda locvisagan. xati udabnos Sesawir-vaT mindoda, batonma anawerSi Camiwera gasacemad, magram mere Sevityue dedoflis aris, me ar vicodi da vTqvi rom dedo-fals mivarTmev da raRac inebos meTqi. axla sxva imitom ar vaZlev, rom egeb matyuebdnen da dedofals ar miarTuan-Tqua, Torem bevrma miTxra imereTs me gaugzavni dedofalsao, magram me aravis Tu Tqueni werili ar momivida da niSnuloba ar meniSna aravis mivscem rodesac Tqueni werili da niSnuloba momiva maSin mivscem da momitans imas mivscem da mogarTmevs Tu ara is ki aRar vici, imereTSi sicrue gamravlebula diaR Zalians da veRaravis vendve Tu ara maqamdis werili gamo-micxadebs (ise) viq. aqnamdis mindoda udabnoSi Sesula, magram megona mixmobdiT da Tquens ambavs uyure, axla naTlismcem-lis udabnoSi unda giaxlo mefis sulis salocavad. radganac kurTxeuli batoni Cemi mefe solomon gardaicvala im sof-lierad arasferi keTili da arasferi dideba ar minda da RmerTma nurc momces, batono. qristes win mxurvalis guliT Tqveni mlocveli da momxsenebeli mefis moZRuari, yanCaSvili mRvdeli iese welTa Cyiz aprils kv.“ (iqve-100-101).

werilidan vgebulobT, rom solomon mefe sicocxlis bolo dReebSi gansakuTrebulad mlocveli da mmarxveli gaxda, amasTan erTad misi sulieri moZRvari mefis siwmind-esa da keTil gonebaze saubrobs, rac solomon mefes war-mogviCens, rogorc RvTismoSiS da keTil-zneobriv monarqs,

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romelic sikvdilis win gansakuTrebul sasoebas RmerTze amyarebda. amasTanave, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, mis suli-er moZRvars aRaraferi darCenoda am wuTisofelSi da mas gadawyvetili hqonda ioane naTlismcemlis (daviT garejis) udabnoSi damkvidrebuliyo da solomon mefis sulisaTvis eloca. e. i. 1817 wlis 26 aprils iese dekanozi ukve im-ereTSia da naTlismcemlis udabnoSi apirebda damkvidrebas, Tumca dedofal mariamis Txovnis safuZvelze misi gegmebi Seicvala.

Rirseul dakrZalvasTan erTad iese dekanozs mefis su-lis saoxad, trapizonis wmida grigol noselis taZrisaTvis oqroTi moWedili berZnuli saxareba Seuwiravs, romelsac Semdegi warwera hqonia: „Seiwire wmidao grigol, aqa mde-bare sruliad imerTa mefe Ze arCilisa meore solomonisa mier wminda ese saxareba“, meore gverdze: „moixsene ufalo sruliad imerTa arCilis Ze mefe solomon, romel ars mde-bare wmida grigoris saydarzed trapizonds. miicuala wels Cyie Tebervals z da Seswira ese wminda saxareba wmindisa grigolis eklesias sulis saoxad, raTa Sendoba ubrZanoT qristes moyvareman mxilvelman saxarebisa amisman. moixsene ufalo, mSromeli saxarebisa amisa mefis moZRvari mRvdeli yanCaveli iese. viTarc meca yovelTa qristes moyuareTagan Sendobas. mona da mosamsaxure mefisa amis madliTa RvTi-saTa moeqmen SeZlebisamebr Cemisa“.

mefis dakrZalva misi gardacvalebidan me-3 an me-4 dRes unda Semdgariyo da mas adgilobriv berZen marTlmadide-blebTan da TurqeTis qarTvelobasTan erTad mefis amalis wevrebi 60 kacis odenobiT daeswrebian. solomon mefisagan amalis TiTo wevrs, 500 yuruSi (115 maneTi) eZleodaT. me-fis gardacvalebis Semdeg, maTi umravlesoba samSobloSi dabrunda. jer kidev axalgazrda mefis saflavs, romelic

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trapizonis wminda grigolis saxelobis taZris ezoSi Tval-saCino adgilze mdebareobda, Semdegi warwera amSvenebda: „saflavsa amas Sina mdebare ars imerTa mefe solomon, weli Cyie (1815)“. qvemoT ki misi saxelovani winapris daviT aRmaSen-eblis msgavsad fsalmunis sityvebi ewera: „hsajen, ufalo, mavnebelni Cemni da hbrZode mbrZolTa maT CemTa“

„momixseneT, me, Zmano saflavsa amas mdebare mefesolomon“. meore mxares Semdegi warwera iyo: „ganmeZarcva me pirvel-

qmnili sikeTe da mSveneba da mdebare var SiSvel da kde-muli saflavsa amas Sina, tomisagan daviTisa, STamosruli bagrationi Ze arCilisa, sruliad imerTa mefe solomon,

romlisaTvisac viTxov Sendobas“.RvTismoSiSi monarqi ufals miandobs mis winaaRmdeg mebr-

ZolTa da mavnebelTa gansja-gasamarTlebas, romelTa So-ris mefe albaT rusebsa da im vai qarTvelebs gulisxmobda, romlebmac uRalates mas da samSoblos dacvis saqmes. gan-saje ufalo Cemi mavneblebi da ebrZole Cem winaaRmdeg mebrZolT! winaswarmetyveli sworad misadagebuli marTlis locviT miandobs da SesTxovs ufals, rom man sworad gansa-jos, ganbrWos da ase gamoitanos swori gadawyvetileba. da upirveles yovlisa amas iTxovs misi mowinaaRmdegeebis sasike-Tod, raTa maT Tavi daanebon brZolasa da mtrobas. (fsal-munTa ganmarteba. 1996:177). 1912 wels, trapizonSi solomon mefis saflavi moinaxula da aRwera p. Subinskim, ris safuZ-velzec Cven SegviZlia dawvrilebiTi warmodgena Segveqmnas mefis saflavze. man sagangebod daaTvaliera da dawvrilebiT aRwera saflavze dadgmuli ekvderi. saflavi mdebareobs trapizonSi, qalaqis baRTan axlos mTavari quCidan mar-jvniv 200 saJenis gavlis Semdeg kvlav marjvniv, berZnuli taZris mTavari karis mopirdapire mxares, sakmaod didi

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oTxkuTxa formis ekvderi Canda. Zeglis monaxulebis dros masTan (SubinskisTan) misula taZris winamZRvari arqi-mandriti ponaretori, arqidiakoni da taZris aRmasrule-beli evangelos antoniadi, orive maTgani axalgazrdebi da simpatiurebi yofilan. maT mokrZalebiT daaTvalierebines stumars taZari da aCvenes brwyinvale xis luskuma, romel-Sic yofila CabrZanebuli patara vercxlis luskuma, masSi CabrZanebuli wminda samebis xatiT, romelic taZrisaTvis mefe solomons Seuwiravs (Шубинский,1913,275-278).

ekvderis gumbaTs SigniT da gareT SerCenili hqonda la-mazi freskuli mxatvroba, SigniT TeTri marmarilos fila; „erTi SexedviT sada bizantiuri nagebobaTa tipiuri nimuSis STabeWdilebas qmnida. sakmaod amaRlebul granitis kvarcx-lbekze oTxi lamazi svetia, romelic imave qvis gumbaTiTaa gadaxuruli, naxevarwriuli amonakveTebiT, morTuli ormagi karniziT, romelTa Sualedebi bizantiur stilSia moxatuli. gadaxurulia kramitis saxuraviT, romlis zemoTac moTavse-bulia patara Tlili qvis koSkura, lamazi karniziT da dag-virgvinebulia liTonis rvakuTxa jvriT. am koSkuris SigniT, solomon mefis saflavis Tavze marad manaTobeli kandeli ekida (amJamad kandeli ar aris). Zeglis simaRle jvriT daaxloebiT 10, sigane ki 5 arSinia, Zegli, rogorc Cans axlaxans gauaxlebia gauwafav xels, ris Sedegadac didi nawili warwerebisa da mxatvrobisa waSlilia, romliTac Zegli iyo dafaruli“ (gonikiSvili.1974:68).

solomon mefis gardacvalebidan, TiTqmis asi wlis Sem-deg mis saflavze kandeli aRar enTo, Tumca saflavs, rogorc Cans mzrunveloba mainc ar aklda. saflavis aRw-erilobidan vrwmundebiT, rom iese dekanozma im droisaT-vis marTlac gamorCeuli ukanaskneli gansasvenebeli mouwyo mefes. 1912 wlisaTvis mxatvroba mxolod gumbaTis Sida

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mxares yofila kargad SemorCenili. „aq jer kidev Cans bagrationTa RerZi, romelSic gamoxatulia daviT mefis Surduli, misi qnari, uflis kvarTi, samefo sfera da saswori-mefuri sibrZnis emblema. es RerZi eyrdnoba or loms, mis zemoT ki gamoxatulia samefo gvirgvini, samefos qveS, RerZs zemoT gamosaxulia gadajvaredinebuli maxvili da skiptra, gverdebze ori frTosani serafimiT... solomon me-fis saflavis marmarilos filaze, Zveli qarTuli xucuriT gakeTebulia, dReisaTvis naxevrad waSlili Semdegi warwerebi „ganmeZarZva me pirvelqmnili sikeTe...~ (iqve:69-70).

saqarTvelos ukanaskneli monarqis saflavze bagrationTa gerbi da Tavisi simboloebi iyo gamoxatuli, riTac xazgas-muli iyo, rom bibliuri daviT mefis STamomavali qarT-veli mefe ucxoeTis miwaze aResrula. bibliuri daviTis simbolikasTan erTad saflavis warwerac daviT mefsalmunis 34 fsalmunis sityvebi iyo.

saflavis filis qveda nawilebze savse didi larnaki yo-fila, romlis gverdebzec ori kviparosi iyo gamosaxuli. qarTul da berZnul enebze Sesrulebuli warwerebi da mx-atvroba, romliTac dafaruli iyo Zeglis gare nawilebi, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi Camocvenila, samwuxarod Cven berZnuli warwerebis Sinaarsze warmodgena ar gvaqvs. p. Sub-inski taZris daTvalierebis Semdeg yavaze daupatiJebiaT, sadac masTan misula amave taZris mrevli berZeni erovnebis, sandomiani garegnobis mamakaci da misTvis solomon mefis Ses-axeb mouyolia. „solomons aq Camohyva ramdenime qarTuli ojaxi, romlebic misi gardacvalebis Semdeg darCnen trapi-zonSi sacxovreblad, iverpulos gvariT, me vkiTxe mas Tu, ratom dakrZales trapizonelma berZnebma solomoni aseT sapatio adgilze? razec man mipasuxa: solomoni iyo qris-tianuli saxelmwifos mefe, amasTanave is iyo bibliuri mefe

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daviTis STamomavali, romelsac mTeli qristianuli samyaro ganadidebs, amis gamo me vfiqrob, rom qveyanaze arcerTi qris-tianuli taZari ar aRmoCndeboda, rom ar miecaT adgili solomon mefis dasakrZalad“ (Шубинский. 1913:278).

vfiqrobT, berZeni erovnebis mamakacis msoflmxedveloba sufTa qristianuli iyo, misTvis solomon mefis trapizo-nis qristianul taZarSi dakrZalva sasiamovno faqtia. rusi p. Subinski ki solomon mefes uaryofiTad axasiaTebda da Seuracxmyofeli toniT ixseniebda, roca mas „mefe avanti-uristad ixseniebda, radgan man ar Seafasa saqmis garemoeba da sastikad SeewinaaRmdega damorCileboda beds, ris gamoc man dakarga taxti, ojaxi, samSoblo da aResrula devnile-baSi, is Seecada Tavisi susti xelebiT SeeCerebina msoflio istoriis borbali da mkacrad gadaixada amis gamo“ (iqve:285). marTalia solomon mefem ver SeaCera istoriis borbali, ma-gram man Tavisi vali aRasrula samSoblosa da RvTis winaSe da amisaTvis man udidesi pativisgeba da siyvaruli miiRo Tavisi (da aramarto) erisagan. amis dasturia ermil efen-dis statia, romelic gamoqveynda 1909 wels gazeT droebaSi. imereTis mefe solomon II-is saflavis adgili icis yvela berZenma, didian-pataramde, ikiTxav Tu ara maSinve mogcemen: „o bazilevs solomon“ (mefe solomonio). es adgili asve icis yvela mahmadianma qarTvelma, saflavi aris wm. grigolis samitropolito eklesiis galavanSi (dReisaTvis es eklesia aq pirvelia). samxreTs mxares, gamoCenil adgilze. did pativ-Sia Turme, rogorc damarwmunes da kidevac etyoba, yovel sauflo dResaswaulze sanTels unTeben. galavanSi meti ara-vin marxia (droeba.1909,5Teb.). aRniSnuli cnobiT vgebulobT, rom XX saukunis damdegs berZnebi kvlav pativs miageben solomon mefis saflavs, mahmadianma qarTvelebma ki safla-vis arseboba ician.

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1910 wels solomon mefis saflavi inaxula didma mgosanma akaki wereTelma, igi werda: „saflavi ar aris kargad Senaxu-li da zed-warwerac ise cxovelia, TiTqos guSin gauweriaTo. fiqrebma gamitaces. gamaxsenda imereTis am ukanaskneli mefis Savi dReebi. misi dapatimreba, misi gaqceva da saTaTreTSi Tavis Sefareba. aba amazea naTqvami „sadauri sad mokvdeba, sad uTxrian samaresao“, kidev kargi, rom ase daumarxavT mainc. maSin am gadavardnil mefes Tan gahyva ori svimon wereTeli da albaT imaTi meoxebiTaa es. daumarxavT da roca dabrunebulan samSobloSi, ise miutovebiaT, ase sxve-bis amarad. saflavis qvaze warwerac albaT misi moZRvris, yanCavelis xeliTaa, im wminda mamis xeliT, romelic sam-SobloSi aRar dabrunebula, Sevida aTonis monasterSi da iq ixseniebda wirva-locvis dros“ (ganaTleba.1910.N7).

aseTi iyo didi qarTvelis gulistkivili solomon mefis saflavis xilvis Semdeg, xazgasmiT unda SevniSnoT, rom akakis, mama iese wmindanad miaCnda, jer kidev asi wlis win, vidre igi wmindanTa dasSi Seiracxeboda.

trapizonis XIII saukunis wmida grigol noselis saxelo-bis sakaTedro taZari 1875 wels gadakeTebula, xolo 1922 wels Turqma fanatikosebma taZari da solomon II-is sa-flavis Zegli erTad daangries. ucnobia Tu ra bedi ewia trapizonis eklesiis siwmindeebs da maT Soris mooqrovil saxarebasa da wminda samebis xats, romelic solomon mefem Seswira taZars. am SemTxvevidan 68 wlis Semdeg, samSob-losaTvis Tavdadebuli mefis neSti samSobloSi gadmoas-venes.

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imereTis ukanaskneli dedofali mariam dadiani

mariam kacias asuli dadiani iyo imereTis samefos uka-naskneli dedofali. igi Tavis meuRle solomon meoresTan erTad Rirseulad asrulebda Tavis misias, vidre iZulebiT ar daatovebines saqarTvelo. Tuki Tvals gadavavlebT sol-omon meoris Sesaxeb arsebul gamoqveynebul Tu gamouqveyneb-el dokumentebs, sigelebs, wyalobis wignebsa da a. S. davrw-mundebiT, rom mariam dadiani mTeli Tavisi arsebiT gverdiT udgas Tavis meuRles saero Tu saeklesio saqmeebis gad-awyvetisas, man uamravi Sesawiri gaiRo eklesia-monastrebis sasargeblod. mariam dedoflis cxovreba radikalurad Se-icvala ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Semdeg, sadac man sam aTeul welze meti dayo da misi yofa gansakuTrebiT damZimda mas Semdeg, rac man Tavisi meuRlis trapizonSi gardacvalebis ambavi Seityo, amis Semdeg misi erTaderTi sazrunavi trapi-zonSi Casvla da solomon mefis gelaTSi gadasveneba iyo. gamwarebulma dedofalma araerTgzis iTxova nebarTva ruse-Tis xelisuflebisagan, Tumca yovelTvis uariT upasuxes, ruseTis gegmebSi namdvilad ar Sedioda „moRalated“ Se-racxili, imperiis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli ukanaskneli mefis gadasveneba mefeTa saZvaleSi. sakuTar meuRlesa da samSob-loze fiqrSi dalia suli 1841 wels ucxo miwaze imereTis ukanasknelma dedofalma. arsebobs mama aleqsandres cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos mariam dedofals ruseTSi yofnis dros gauCenia sayvareli, Tumca Cven xelT arsebuli masalebi da TviT dedoflis qristianuli cxovreba da Tavmdabloba aRniSnul cnobas erTob saeWvod xdis. imereTis momavali de-dofali aRizarda samegreloSi, igi iyo samegrelos mTavris-kacia dadianis asuli. mariami iyo imereTis saxelovani mefis

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_ solomon pirvelis naTluli, igi solomons 1780 wlis axlo xanebSi mounaTlavs samegreloSi, salxinos monasterSi, da „Semdgomad mravlis lxinisa da mravlis saCuqrisa movida mefe kvalad quTaiss“ (dadiani.1962:180). mariami isedac enaTe-saveboda solomon pirvels, radgan solomonis I-is meuRle mariam dadiani iyo misi mamida. mose janaSvilis cnobiT, mariami Tavis meuRleze erTi wliT umcrosi yofila, aqedan gamomdinare, mariami, savaraudod, 1773 wels unda dabade-buliyo, xolo daviT arCilis ZesTan qorwinebis Semdeg man samegrelo datova daaxloebiT 1789 wels.

1795 wels solomon mefe Zlier dasneulebula, rogorc amas gvauwyebs mariam dedofali: „Cemi mefe imereTis axali solomon sicxisa mier sneulebisa Sewuxebuli sikvdidmiw-evnuli gaxdila... mivmarTe Cvensa RvTismSobelsa mariams da cremliT SevTxove savedrebeli sityva da aRuTqv msaxure-ba RvTismSobelsa gelaTisasa da ismina mwuxarebiT vedreba Cemi da momca raca vTxove da ganTavisuflda xelmwife Cemi mefe“ (kakabaZe.1921:106). rogorc am sigelidan vgebu-lobT, solomon mefe sicxis gamo kritikul mdgomareobaSi Cavardnila, ris gamoc mariam dedofals daxmareba gela-Tis RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatisaTvis uTxovia da misi Txovna aRsrulebula da solomon mefe gadarCenila. CvenTvis ucnobia, ram gamoiwvia avadmyofoba da ramden xans iavadmyofa mefem, Tumca faqtia, rom misma Rrmadmorwmune meuRlem, mariam dedofalma msaxureba aRuTqva gelaTis RvTismSobels da erTi komli Seswira. arsebobs araerTi Sewirulobis sigeli, romlebSic dedofali mariami Tavis meuRlesTan erTad Sesawirs ar iSurebs eklesia monastrebi-sadmi. 1795 welsve mariam dadiani gognis monasters swiravs saxnav-saTes miwebs, Relesa da Sav wyals Soris, tyibulis

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wyals zeviT (scsa.f1451s.162.f.233). Semdeg mariam dedofali gelaTis monasters swiravs sofel SuamTas saxaso samefo miwas, SuamTas dabla SaSvis qedsa da a. S. (iqve.f.171). mar-iam dadianma mefis nebarTviT yovelgvari gadasaxadebisagan gaaTavisufla oboli xosia RoRoberiZe, radgan isini Zalian Raribebi yofilan (Пурцеладзе. 1881:55). 1792 wels mariam dedofali quTaisis soboros swiravs zaqaria TevdoraZes colSviliTa da qonebiT, xolo 1796 wels quTaisSi mcx-ovreb ebrael mardaxa SiniaSvils col-SviliTa da qonebiT (scsa.f1451s.16f.8-9). 1803 wels dedofali mowameTis mon-asters swiravs ebrael SamielaSvils Tavisi ojaxiT, ze-moTCamoTvlili faqtebi albaT dedoflis realur saxes gviCvenebs, Rrmadmorwmune dedofali eklesia-monastrebis gaZlierebisaTvis, qvriv-obolTa daxmarebisaTvis da same-fos gadarCena-siZlierisaTvis yvelafers akeTebda. vidre igi iZulebiT ar gadaasaxles sakuTari samSoblodan. 1810 wels solomon mefis meuRle mariam dadiani, solomonis da maria (maia), meuRle malxaz andronikaSvilisa ruseTSi gadaasaxles. am droidan dedoflis Rirsebian, mudam gulkeTil da mS-vid saxeze kaci iSviaTad dainaxavda Rimils, igi yovelTvis mwuxarebiT igonebda Tavis warsuls da osmaleTSi gadax-vewil bedSav meuRles (jejili.1900:77).

mariam dedoflis mdgomareoba gansakuTrebiT gausaZlisi gaxda 1815 wlis Semdeg, roca man Seityo solomon mefis gardacvaleba. dedofali Tavdapirvelad qalaq vorone-JSi gadausaxlebiaT, Semdeg ki peterburgSi, iq dedoflis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis korneli borozdinis moTxroba „imereTis dedofali mariami“, romelic uTargm-nia s. daviTians (istorikosi sargis kakabaZe). peterburgSi, ganmartoebul xis saxlSi, cxovrobda moxuci qali _ im-

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ereTis dedofali mariami. Tavis cxovrebas is mSvidad, sa-dad atarebda, sxvagan Zvirad dadioda, tanT icvamda Tavis erovnul tanisamoss da ukve moxucis saxeze, kargad Can-da uwindeli misi gasaocari silamazis kvali. dedoflis Stats Seadgenda ramdenime masTan daaxloebuli qal-vaJi, moxuci da axalgazrda. yovel kviras dedofali sasaxlis karis karetiT midioda maxlobel eklesiaSi nevelis lavraSi xolo sauflo dResaswaulebsa da uqme dReebSi eswreboda samefo gamosvlas da mejlisebs. sadResaswaulo tanisamosi misi yovelTvis erTnairi iyo: TeTri atlasis kaba, aseTive oqromkediT nakeri qaTibi, romlis qveS moCanda wm. ekat-erines ordenis lenti da varskvlavi. xolo Tavze gakeTe-buli hqonda Tavsakravi Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli da grZeli leCaqiT dafaruli. moxuc dedofals Zlier ealerseboda orive imperatrica. xelmwifec gansakuTrebuli mowyalebiT epyroboda, magram mis RirsebiT, sikeTiTa da simSvidiT savse saxeze Zvirad Tu gairbenda Rimili (iveria.1903.№189). aRniS-nul Sexvedrebze dedoflis goneba Soreul samSoblosa da sakuTar tanjul meuRles dastrialebda da Sesabamisad mas imperiis dedaqalaq peterburgSi araferi axarebda, rasac mowmobs misi piradi mokrZalebuli cxovreba. mariam dadi-ans qmris-solomonis gardacvalebis ambavi imave 1815 wlis 16 maiss Seutyvia mTavarmarTebel rtiSCevisagan, romelic auwyebda, rom misi didi xnis Txovna peterburgSi gadasax-lebis Sesaxeb dakmayofilebuli iqneboda, vinaidan man am xuTi wlis ganmartoebuli cxovrebiT, TavmdablobiTa da samagaliTo moTminebiT didi ndoba daimsaxura. am saSinel-ma ambavma iseTi Tavzari dasca dedofals, rom ramdenime xans eqimebs kidec eSinodaT, vai Tu, Wkuaze SeiSaloso. ma-gram, roca mariami gons movida da damSvidda, sakvirveli

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sicxoveliT warmoudga Tvalwin Tavisi bednieri warsuli, moagonda col-qmrobis pirveli uSfoTvelni welni. qmari, romelic gaSmagebiT uyvarda da SeuZlebelic ki iyo ise-Ti guliTadi, uverago, ukiduresobamde mimndobi da Tumca ficxi, magram ganusazRvrelad keTili kaci ar hyvareboda, rogoric iyo solomoni, maTda samwuxarod, ori Svili si-yrmeSive moukvdaT, xolo Semdeg ki dedofali unayofod darCa (iveria.1903:190). dedofalma mariamma amis Semdeg wer-ili miswera quTaisSi general svimonoviCs: „o, ra Tavzard-amcemi ambavi meuwya: risxvis angelosi daucxromelis Suris ZiebiT Cemi mdevneli da basri maxviliT Cemi gulis mWreli- ase moulodnelad mispobs yovel bednierebas da ubedurs suls Cemsas aRavsebs ganuwyvetliv oxvriTa da godebiTa, roca me TviTon unda aRviaro dakargva Cemis mefisa da ba-tonisa. ax, ra gaugonarsa da ucnob rames warmosTqvams Cemi bage dRes, ra gvarad icvala goneba Cemi, romelic amayobda Tvisis bediT, radgan ixarebda sococxliT Cemis batonis me-fisa da moeloda mis xelSi sulis dalevasa. exla ki yovels sixaruls moklebuli, sasowarkveTilobis morevs micemuli, da sasikvdilo ukuniT moculi, ase damsaja Seubralebe-lis mrisxanebiT Semoqmedma, romelmac mimiRo sinaTle Cemis yofisa da momaklo uZvirfasesi ganZi ise, rom ar damitova qveynad sixalise, radgan daSTenili var umemkvidrod... goneba dakarguli da umweo mivcemivar cremlTa talRebs, romel-nic swvaven Cems arsebas... porfirisa da gvirgvinis nacvlad, Semosil var ZonZebiT da mwuxarebis basri isrebi Cxvleten Cems guls da ulmobeli maxvili hkodavs Cems arsebas ... am mraval gvar Cems mwuxarebas ufro aRemateba da yvelaze ufro SeaZrwunebs suls is, rom ar vuwyi sad da ra gvarad ganisvenebs misi umaRlesi mefuri keTilSobilebiT Semkuli

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cxedari, upatronod ucxo tomis saxlSi, Seufereblad misi maRali Rirsebisa da me veRar moveswar im bednierebas, rom vemsaxuro mas: ris gamo Zrwola Semipyrobs da gaafTrebul-ma minda suli Cemi xorcTa gavyaro, raTa veRirso masTan SeerTebasa“.....

amis Semdeg dedofali mimarTavs svimonoviCs TxovniT iSuadgomlos mTavarmarTeblis winaSe, raTa aRusrulon mas erTi da ukanaskneli saTxovari: mas swadia „dasaflavebisaT-vis sayvarel qmris da batonis cxedrisa, im mefisa, romelsac araviTari danaSauli ar miuZRvis, romelic mxolod Tavisi qveynis siyvarulisaTvis aResrula da daSTenil iqmna agre upatronod, ai, am Zvirfasis neSTis, Cemis sakuTaris xarjiT gadmosvenebisaTvis gelaTSi dasakrZalavad, damrTon neba, Ca-vide Cems samSobloSi, amis gareSe me dRes araferi mwadian, arc Tu saxeli, arc dideba da arc pativi, da iqamde TviT sicocxlec ki ara. damerwmuneT, rom ara samSoblos naxvi-saTvis da misi siyvarulisaTvis daarc sxva raime mosazrebiT vTxov me amas, radgan mTeli Cemi sicocxle mimaCnia ukve martooden uqmad da aCrdilad...... gTxovT SemiwynaroT da damexmaroT am Cemis vedrebis aRsrulebisTvis. gareSe amisa ar arsebobs CemTvis raime nugeSi da ar ZaluZs adamianis manugeSos me riTime; gareSe am wadilis aRsrulebisa _ am erTaderT wadilisa, raTa gavxde Rirsi Sevexo mis Zvirfas cxedars da vemsaxuro mas bolomde, raic Cemi umaRlesi movaleoba aris. SeiwyaleT sisxlis cremlebis damTxvevi da muxlmoyriT mavedrebeli, romelic aqamde moiTxovda pativs, viTarca gvirgvinosani dedofali, exla ki damkargveli say-vareli batonisa Tvisisa, romlis gulisTvisca sixarulad miviRebdi yovelsa sasjelsa, xolo exla es yovelive CemT-vis fuWi gamxdara.... exla Tqvenis werilidan vtyobilob, rom

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neba momecema gadavsaxlde sacxovreblad peterburgSi; Tqven es gsurT sTxovoT mravalmarTebels, magram es dRes CemTvis araraa, Tu winaswar ar momecema nebarTva Cemis saTxovaris Sesrulebisa. Semdeg CemTvis sul erTia, sadac enobis xelm-wifes, iq mibrZanos cxovreba... amave TxovniT mivmarTe, maSin Cemis sacodavobiT aRvavseb mTeli ruseTis sazogadoebas, mo-vispob ra sakuTari xeliT Cems sicocxles“ (papava1990:311). udides mwuxarebaSi Cavardnili dedofali sasowarkveTile-bamde iyo misuli, misi Txovna ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli da mas ar mieca SesaZleblloba saqarTveloSi dabrunebisa, raTa Tavisi meuRle gadmoesvenebina trapizonidan da Rir-seulad daetirebina. arsebobs cnoba, TiTqos dedofals xe-lmwifisTvis uTxovia ivane salariZis Sewyaleba, romelic solomons daexmara gaqcevaSi da aTi weli iyo gasuli misi cimbirSi gadasaxlebidan. sabolood ivanes Tavi dauRwevia cimbiris tyveobisaTvis da mariam dedofals Sexvedria, rom-lisTvisac mTeli misi gasaWiri mouyolia. samwuxarod ram-denime xnis Semdeg, ivane avad gamxdara da gardacvlila, ris gamoc dedofali Zlier damwuxrebula (jejili.1900:77).

ruseTSi myof dedofals urTierToba hqonia, solomon mefis moZRvar ilarion yanCavelTan, romelmac 1817 wlis 23 aprils mariam dedofals werili gaugzavna, romelSic igi solomon mefis gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis ambavs atyobinebda. amave werilSi mefis moZRvari dedofals Tavis kuTvnili xatis piradad ruseTSi Catanis Sesaxeb auwyebda. xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia mariam dedoflis grigol wereTlisadmi gamogzavnili werilebi, romlebic 1810–1815 wlebSia gamogzavnili ruseTidan, yvela werili Zalze STambeWdavia. „q. saxlTxucesis Ze grigol! ratom ar gikvirs Cemi sicocxle, rom mefe gadavardnili megulebodes

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da me vcocxlobde... merwmune grigol. rom aleqsandre make-donelsaviT casqveSeTi daipyras, maSinac zurab saxucisa da misi colisa da SvilisaTvis fuWi aris umefod... mefe rom waxdes, sikvdili gerCivnoT, Torem dideba raRaT gindaT... mravali sityva maqvs, magram wignaT ar SemoiTvleba da piraT ver gnaxe da ra vqna. Sensxela kacs Wkua umarTebs. mefis orgulobaSi nu SexvalT, gamobrunebas ecadeT mefisas da Torem saukunod waxdebiT“ (ist. dok. da arq. II. 1953:120). rogorc Cans es werili dedofals jer kidev saqarTveloSi yofnisas aqvs gagzavnili da grigol wereTels mefis erT-gulebisaken mouwodebs, roca solomoni jer kidev ar iyo gandevnili imereTidan. erT–erTi werili ruseTidan aris gamogzavnili, romelSic dedofali TiTqos Seguebulia Tav-is beds, am dros solomon mefe jer kidev cocxali iyo: „is ki vici imereTs Cemi miyvana aravis SeuZlia da arc aravis Sevawyen Tavs. vilocav da vegdebi, suliT mainc vcxon-debi da vmadlob RmerTs locva da wirva Tu ra yovelive keTili ruseTSid yofila. RmerTs Turme vebralebodi da aq amisTvis momagdo. me aRaravis Sevawyen Cemis SvelisTvis Tavs. qmrisganac moZagebuli var da yovels keTilismyofelisgan. dedisCemis Tu Cemis Zmebis da debis wigns giboZebde“(iqve:119). marTlac rTuli iyo mariam dedoflis yofa, igi iZulebiT waiyvanes samSoblodan da waerTva mas dedasTan, debTan da ZmebTan urTierTobis SesaZlebloba. Tumca faqtia, rom Tav-is axloblebTan urTierTobaSi dedofals grigol wereTeli exmareboda. dedofali gansakuTrebiT mkacria erT–erT wer-ilSi grigol wereTlis mimarT: „Tuki namusi gaqvs da an kaci xar, Tavic unda moikla. sxva bWoraT Tqves rom saxucesma... mefe gasaWirSid aris da Sen sad xar, ar ici, Tu dastur mamaSenma russ Sefica. Sen axlav batons wigni axeli da

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iaxeli, masTan moikali Tavi, rogorc man gibrZanos, Torem merwmune sikvdili girCevnia sicocxles. es wigni aravis aCve-no daswvi Tu giyvarde“ (iqve:117–118). miuxedavad dedoflis aseTi Segonebisa, grigol wereTelma ver uerTgula sakuTar mefes da samSoblos samsaxurs piradi keTildReoba arCia, grigolma imereTis ukanasknel dedofals arc is bolo Tx-ovna Seusrula, roca igi werilis dawvas sTxovda.

Cvenamde moaRwia aseve mariam dedoflis uTariRo weril-ma, romelic mas gaugzavnia quTaTel mitropolit dosiTe-osisadmi. werili solomon mefis gardacvalebis Semdegaa gagzavnili da metad sainteresoa. imereTis ukanaskneli de-dofali sakuTar mZime xvedrsa da Rrma tkivilze saubrobs: „Tqveno maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav quTaTel mitrop-olito dosiTeos! mamao sayvarelo Zmao da mazlo Cemo, odes ganexvnes risxviT saqanelni cisani warRvnad da aRsaw-yvetelad yovlisa qveynisa, da eha vai myis msgavsi moiwia Cemdamo da STavardi me uqveiTursa fskersa ufskrulisasa da daSTomil viqmen mZafrsa mraval Relvasa zRvisa mier, romlisa aravin maqvs moxvainaSne da arca moveli kbodesa mis Relvisasa da vimyofebi saukunod dausrulebelsa bnelsa ukunsa da daifara qufriTa da SaviTa brwyinvalebai Cemi“ (iveria.1879:139)*.

werili zustad gadmogvcems dedoflis ganwyobas da im umZimes gancdebs, romelsac igi grZnobda ruseTSi yofnisas,

*rogorc Cans ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli qarTveli dedoflebi finansurad uzrunvelyofilni iyvnen. saqarTvelos oTx dedo-fals: erekle II–is meuRles darias, giorgi XII-is meuRles mari-ams, imereTis dedoflebs – daviTis meuRles – anas, solomon II–is meuRles mariams da bolos, samegrelos mmarTvels ninas sakmaod kargi pirobebi hqondaT Seqmnili ruseTis mTavrobis mier (gonikiSvili.1986: 262).

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igi dastiris taxtis dakargvasa da Tavisi sayvareli meuR-lis ucxo miwaze gardacvalebas: „Seimusra amaRlebuli tax-ti Cemi, daecnes ganbrwyinvebuli palati Cemi, da bindovan iqmnes Saravandedni gvirgvinisa Cemisani, ganipo porfiri me-fobisa Cemisa da daSrites ornive saxedvelni Cemni, da dair-Rves yovelni alagni Cemni, da iavar iqmnes CemTvis samefoni Cemni da nacvlad sixarulisa Cemisa mwuxarebai, nacvlad gancxromisa Cemisa da Svebisa Cemisa tirili saukuno, nacv-lad didebisa simdable, nacvlad Tavisuflebisa tyveoba, naclad simdidrisa siglaxake da yoveli Zviri xiluleba, romlisa ena kacobrivi ver SemZlebel ars aRwerad“...

magram dedoflisTvis yvelaze rTuli misi meuRlis uZeod gardacvaleba iyo. amasTanave mariami dosiTeos mitropoli-tisa da solomon mefis gansakuTrebul siyvarulzec sau-brobs, rasac adasturebs solomon mefis werili, romelic man mitropolit dosiTeoss miswera axalcixidan 1810 wels.

Semdgom mariam dedofali kvlav agrZelebs sakuTari gu-listkivilis gamoxatvas: „eseviTari da uZviresni da usas-tikesni da uwinaresni naRvlisa da umkveTlesi maxvilisa orpirisa moiwia Cemdamo zewoliT Cemis xelmwifis mefe solomonis uJamod ucxoebasa Sina gardacvaleba... vai yov-ladusamRvdeloeso, sad ars Sen mier Seyvarebuli mefe solomon? veRar Seamkob dResaswaulsa brwyinvalesa mis aR-dgomisasa, aRar inebeb sasaxlesa missa wirvasa qalaqsa Sina quTaiss, arRara miegebebi mefe solomons jvariTa da lam-priTa da Cveulebisamebr ara ambors giyofs da ara miulo-cavT dResaswaulsa. SemogCivi da Semogtiri Cemis xelmwifis mefe solomonis gamiwebasa da mis uZeoT aRmofxvrasa. vai radgan gelaparakebi, viTar itiris qveyana ese undosa da mwuxarebisa Cemisa, romel mefe igi mSvidi da mdabali da

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marTali da esreT ganqarda da aravin daSTa Tvinier Cemsa da ubedurisa disa misisa maiasasa, romelica varT erTi-ars sisxlis cremliT Semtiralni da mwaris godebiTa myofni“ (iqve:140). dedofali siyvaruliT igonebda im dros, roca mRvdelmTavari liturgias aRasrulebda quTaisis sasaxlis eklesiaSi da solomon mefes aRdgomis brwyinvale dResas-wauls ulocavda. mariami axasiaTebs sakuTar meuRles da mas „mSvids, mdabalsa da marTals“ uwodebs. dedofali gamx-nevebas iTxovda mRvdelmTavrisagan, romelic ramdenime we-liwadSi solomon mefisa da mariamis beds gaiziarebda da patara imereTs iZulebiT datovebda. mariam dadiani aw gar-dacvlil meuRles ukve wmindanTa dasSi moiazrebda, xolo sakuTar Tavs mkvdarTa Tana Seracxilad Tvlida: „vai yov-ladusamRvdeloeso, mSvenieri mefe solomonis Tavi Savi miwiTa ifarvis yoveli Sveba da sixaruli! miglovdiT cani da qveyana da yovelni naTesavni da mxilvelni Cemni da mefe solomonisa. me da mefe solomons, vinaiTgan viqmneniT ornive ucxoebasa Sin mdebare, magram igi ganisvenebs zecisa samyofsa da wiaRTa Sina abraamisaTa daviT mamisa TavisisTana msgavsad abelisa da moiRebs mrCoblisa mosvlasa qristesa, romelica daklebul iqmna misadmi sofelsa amas Sina da me saukunod viwvebi aliTa da maqvs me saukunod sikvdili da godeba daucxromlad usamRvdeloesobisa. mwuxarebis mowade ubeduri, mkvdarTa Tana Seracxili imereTis dedofali, da-dianis kacias asuli mariam“.

aseTia saqarTvelos ukanaskneli dedoflis mariam dadi-anis werili, misTvis erT-erTi uaxloesi mRvdelmTavrisadmi. werili, romelSic dedofali Tavis did tkivils- samSob-losa da sayvareli meuRlis dakargvas ase mistiris, savsea sulieri gancdebiT, saxeze gvaqvs misi Rrma sarwmunoebrivi

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TvalTaxedva im periodis movlenebze. werili kidev erTxel gvaZlevs saSualebas, marTebuli azri Segveqmnas samSobloze ase uzomod Seyvarebul pirovnebaze, romelic sakuTar yo-fas tyveobas adarebs da masze glovas casa da qveyanas sTxovs. aravin icis, ra roli iTamaSa aRniSnulma werilma 1819-1820 wlis ajanyebis saqmeSi, Tumca faqtia, rom dResac ki suliT-xorcamde SeZravs nebismier qarTvels ukanaskneli dedoflis tkiviliani werili. Rvawlmosili dedofali 1841 wlis 19 marts aResrula ruseTSi (Думин, Гревелски.1996:91). dasaflavebulia ruseTSive, mari broses cnobiT dedofali mariami dakrZales peterburgSi, nevis sakrebulo taZarSi. samwuxarod, dedoflis sanukvari ocneba samSobloSi dab-runebisa ocnebad darCa. gr. perovskis 1850 wlis cnobiT, ruseTis imperatoris brZanebiT qarTl-kaxeTis dedofali unda dasaflavebuliyo iseve, rogorc dasaflavda imereTis dedofali mariami 1841 wels. dedofali veRar moeswro verc samSoblos xilvasa da verc sayvareli qmris gadmos-venebas, ise dalia Soreul peterburgSi suli. misi cxedari peterburgSi daikrZala da mas arc is wadili asrulebia, rom samSobloSi waesvenebinaT, rogorc es qarTl-kaxeTis de-dofals xvda wilad (papava1990:321). solomon mefis erTgul meuRles mariam dedofalsa da solomonis das mariams, si-cocxlis bolomde ar SeuwyvetiaT fiqri sakuTar samSob-losa da patara imereTis saxelovan mefe solomonze, aseTi mZime cxovreba ganvlo samma Rirseulma adamianma: solomon mefem, misma dam mariamma da solomonis meuRle mariam da-

dianma.

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solomon mefis neStis Camosveneba trapizonidan

trapizonSi gardacvlili saqarTvelos ukanaskneli me-fis solomonis saqarTveloSi gadmosveneba, ruseTSi myof misi meuRlis mariam dadianis udidesi survili iyo, Tum-ca ruseTis xelisuflebis umaRlesma warmomadgenlebma mas amis ufleba ar misces. solomon mefis saflavze misvlisa da pativisgebis SesaZlebloba 1815 wlidan 1922 wlamde iyo SesaZlebeli. rogorc aRvniSneT, 1922 wels Turqma fa-natikosebma daangries trapizonis wminda grigol noselis saxelobis eklesia da masTan erTad solomon meoris ekvd-eric.

XX saukunis meore naxevarSi qalaqis rekonstruqcia ganxorcielda, Tumca aRniSnul adgilze nageboba ar age-bula. 1990 wlis zafxulSi quTaisis samecniero wreebma, sa-zogadoebis warmomadgenlebma da saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis xelmZRvanelebma mxari dauWires, saqarTvelos monarqistuli partiis TaosnobiT wamoyenebul ideas, rom „vidre sabo-lood ar dakargula solomon mefis saflavis mignebis ime-di, eTxovos TurqeTis mTavrobas solomon meoris neStis saqarTveloSi gadmosvenebis nebarTva“. imave wlis 8 agvistos, saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomma aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi daxmarebis TxovniT, saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos Tavmj-domares mimarTa. amis Semdeg Seiqmna TurqeTidan gadmosven-ebis da dakrZalvis saorganizacio komiteti.

gazeT quTaisis furclebze, am periodis movlenebi TiTqmis detaluradaa gadmocemuli. solomon mefis neStis gadmos-venebis iniciatorebi monarqistuli partiis wevrebi giorgi wulaia da Temur gedeniZe iyvnen. mefis neStis adgilsamyo-felis dasadgenad da gadmosvenebis respublikuri jgu-fis muSaobaSi misaRebad TurqeTSi gamgzavrebisTvis saqalaqo aRmaskomma rekomendacia misca komitetis wevrs meufe kal-

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istrates (margalitaSvili), akaki wereTlis saxelobis uni-versitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamges petre vaWriZes, monarqistuli partiis wevrs giorgi wulaias da student dimitri kopalians (quTaisi.1990:31 oqt.).

delegacia, romelic TurqeTSi gaemgzavra sargeblob-da germaneli arqiteqtoris da arqeologis rukiT, sadac moniSnuli iyo saflavis savaraudo adgili 60 kvadratuli metris adgili. 1990 wlis 10 noembers gamoqveynda solo-mon meoris neStis TurqeTidan gadmosvenebis da gelaTSi dakrZalvis saqalaqo saorganizacio komitetis wevr gia bax-taZis gancxadeba: „trapizonSi solomon meoris neStTan erTad aRmoCnda oTxi sxva neSti, isini inaxeboda trapizonis sastumros imave nomerSi, sadac imyofeboda saqarTvelo-dan wargzavnili jgufi“. qalaq trapizonis gubernatorma, policiis warmomadgenlebis TanxlebiT Cven jgufs xuTive neSti CamoarTva, Semdeg oTxi neSti waiRes da sakmaod pativ-iT dakrZales, mexuTe Tavad solomon meorisa ki gadaitanes trapizonis aia-sofias eklesiaSi, romelic muzeumi iyo am droisaTvis. amasTanave dadginda Camosvenebis marSuti: „gamos-vla trapizonidan, qarTvelebis daxvedra gonioSi, baTumSi mefis neSts daasveneben RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi, imave dil-iT SveulmfreniT gadasvla axalcixeSi, axalcixidan ki Tbi-lisSi Tavisuflebis moednis gavliT sionis taZarSi, sadac meore dRes uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi ilia II aRavlenda locvas. amis Semdeg mcxeTaSi, gorSi da zestafonSi SeCerdebodnen TiTo-TiTo dRe, quTaisSi mefis neSti unda CaesvenebinaT baRdaTis gziT, saidanac 180 wlis win man sabolood datova Tavisi sayva-reli samSoblo. quTaisSi mefis neSts daasvenebdnen axlad-nakurTx samefo rezidenciaSi oqros CardaxSi, Semdeg ki dai-krZaleboda gelaTis samefo monasterSi (iqve.1990.10noemb.).

Zalze STambeWdavia 1990 wlis 21 noembris mamuka WoniS-vilis statia „dabruneba“: „saqarTvelos delegacia mefis

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neStiTurT sazRvars moadga, formalobebma saaTnaxevars gastana, ai gamoCndnen qarTvelebi, romlebic uCveulo viz-itiT iyvnen trapizonSi, win meufe kalistrate mouZRveba sazRvarze. pirveli sityva gviTxra monarqistuli partiis Tavmjdomarem Temur JorJolianma, „gaqceuli, gaZevebuli da mitovebuli mefe daubrunda saqarTvelos. igi brun-deba, rogorc triumfatori da es iqneba saqarTvelos Tav-isuflebis da gamarjvebis mauwyebeli, kviris Tavze mTeli saqarTvelo iqneba quTaisSi, gelaTSi“.

profesori guram SaraZe: „WeSmaritad istoriuli movlenis winaSe vdgavarT. saqarTvelos ukanaskneli monarqi solomon II bagrationi daubrunda Tavis qristianul samSoblos da ramdenime dReSi gelaTSi davkrZalavT kaTalikos-patriarq-is uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT. trapizonSi ceremoniali iyo SesaniSnavad organizebuli. mas eswreboda sabWoTa kavSiris elCi TurqeTSi CerniSovi, misi pirveli moadgile qarTveli kaci valter Sonia, ankaridan specialurad kulturis ministri, daeswrnen trapizonis gu-bernatori, qalaqis meri, TurqeTis parlamentis deputatebi, rac mTavaria Cven movaxerxeT qristianuli wesiT panaSvidis gadaxda, romelic Caatara meufe kalistratem. qarTvel cx-enosanTa razmi Seegeba mironcxebul mefis neSts. erTmaneTs enacvlebodnen qarTveli vaJkacebi kubos waRebaSi, ase fexiT cxenosanTa TanxlebiT miasvenes mefe gonios cixemde... RvTism-Soblis taZarma ver daitia momsvlelni, imisda miuxedavad, rom naSuadRevi iyo“ (quTaisi.1990.21 noemb.).

1990 wlis 22 noembers imereTis saxelovani mefe solomoni Tavis mSobliur qalaq quTaiss moadga. „amaRlebuli iyo varcixeSi mefis SemobrZaneba qarTuli droSebis frialiT, sazeimo mdumarebiT Cauqrola manqanebis korteJma im sanaxebs, sadac mravali aTeuli wlebis winaT oTxi aTasi qarTveli meomriT icavda imerTa Tavis mravaltanjul kuTxes. quTaiss SemosasvlelSi Coxosani mxedrebis amala Semoegeba sasiqadu-

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lo mamuliSvils. sasaxle sagangebo baldaxinze dadges da oTxma saucxoo cxenma nela ganagrZo svla. solomon II oqros CardaxSi SeabrZanes. meufe kalistratem panaSvidi aRasrula, sanTlebiT xelSi mieaxla mefis neSts aTasobiT qarTveli. 23 noembris oqros Cardaxidan mefis neSti gadasvenebul iqna saqarTvelos mefeTa tradiciul saZvaleSi gelaTis mTavar taZarSi. panaSvidi aRasrula sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-likos-patriarqma ilia II-m“ (quTaisi,1990:22 noemb.).

ramdenime dRiT adre solomon mefis Camosvenebis dRes, kaTalikos-patriarqma sionis sakaTedro taZarSi qadageba warmoTqva: „zogierTs RmerTi eris jvars aZlevs, amgvar adamianTa ricxvs miekuTvneboda didi mefe solomon II, vinc mravali aTeuli wlis ganSorebis Semdeg kvlav dabrunda saqarTveloSi, uflis nebiT dRes igi didebiT Semoabijebs Cvens dedaqalaqSi. solomon meores uWirda eris mZime jvris tareba, mwuxarebiT, godebiT, magram mainc miitana bolomde da dRes Tavisi jvriT dabrunda saqarTveloSi, raTa sabo-lood damkvidrdes mama-papaTa savaneSi, gelaTis taZarSi. marTlac metad mZime iyo misi jvari, raRa ar daatyda Tavs: devna, Ralati, imyofeboda eqsoriasa Sina, Sors mamulidan, magram TviT umZimes Jamsac ki ar daukarges rwmena da siy-varuli. da ai dRes ukve saqarTveloSia misi neSti. guSin RvTis madliT igi baTumSi Camoasvenes, dRes ki axalcixis gamovliT TbilisSi CamobrZandeba. xalxi mas Sexvdeba vakeSi, saidanac xeliT wamoasveneben sionSi, iq Sesruldeba didi pa-naSvidi, xolo Semdeg gadavasvenebT sveticxovelSi, saidanac ukve gaemgzavreba quTaisisken da daikrZaleba gelaTSi. mefe solomon II-is neStis gadmosveneba ar aris ubralo faqti, me vfiqrob, rom mas RvTisagan boZebuli didi simboluri mniSvneloba aqvs. saqarTvelos ukanaskneli mefis dabrunebiT, Cven qveyanasac daubrundeba RvTis madli. amin“.

24 noembris dRis or saaTze solomon mefis neSti dakrZa-les gelaTis mTavar taZarSi, RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelo-

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bis taZris samxreT dasavleT mxares gaWril samareSi, misi saxelovani biZis solomon I-is saflavis mopirdapire mxares. saflavis qvad gamoiyenes eklaris qva, romelzec amokveTes fsalmunis sityvebi.

175 wlis Semdeg mravaltanjuli gmiri mefe daubrunda Tavis savanes, romelsac man miwieri samoTxe uwoda. samSob-loSi dabrunda, rogorc erovnuli gmiri da saqarTvelos araerT qalaqSi mas madlierma qarTvelobam Rirseuli pa-tivi miago Tavdadebul mefes. solomon mefis uTanasworo brZolas mtris winaaRmdeg ukvalod ar Cauvlia. saocaria, rom misi Camosvenebis momdevno wels saqarTvelom damoukide-bloba moipova, razec isaubra uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, roca man aRniSna, rom am faqts „RvTisgan boZe-buli didi simboluri mniSvneloba aqvs“.

2005 wlis 25 ivniss saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma wmindanTa dasSi Seracxa imereTis ukanaskneli mefe solo-mon meore da mas Tavisi didi Rvawlis gamo samSoblosaT-vis Tavdadebuli ewoda. dawesda mefis mosaxseniebeli dRe 20 Tebervali axali da Zveli stiliT 7 Tebervali, dai-wera xati, xolo SemdgomSi quTaisSi aigo solomon mefis saxelobis eklesia*.

* SevniSnavT, rom qalaq quTaisSi 2008 wlidan moqmedebs wminda mRvdelmTavar dosiTeos wereTlis saxelobis eklesia, 2010 wli-dan solomon mefis saxelobis eklesia, xolo 2011 wlidan wminda mRvdelmTavar eqvTime gaenaTelis saxelobis eklesia. samive ekle-sia bazilikuri tipis nagebobebia da yvela maTgani avtoqarxnis dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs. quTaisSi safiCxiis teritoriaze arsebobs solomon mefis quCa. solomon mefisa da mRvdelmTavrebis xatebis avtoria xatmweri robizon reviSvili.

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brZola imereTis samefos aRdgenisaTvis, 1819-1820 wlis ajanyeba

qarTveli xalxis gmiruli brZola TviTmyofadobis aRsad-genad ar Sewyvetila solomon meoris gardacvalebis Semde-gac. imereTis ganTavisuflebaze fiqri solomonis erTgul ma-muliSvilebs arasodes SeuwyvetiaT, amaze zrunva gaaqtiurda mas Semdeg, rac imereTSi daiwyes dabruneba mefis erTgulma TanamebrZolebma da rusul mTavrobasTan Serigeba gadaw-yvites. am saqmis erT-erTi iniciatori solomon mefis siZe malxaz andronikaSvili yofila, romelic erevnis gavliT dab-runebula samSobloSi 1815 wels, masve Seudgenia ganTavisu-flebis faruli gegma. am droisaTvis malxaz andronikaSvilis meuRle maia ruseTSi qalaq voroneJSi imyofeboda. marTalia 1819 wels ajanyeba saeklesio sakiTxis gamwvavebis gamo daiwyo, Tumca igi solomon mefis mier dawyebuli brZolis gagr-Zeleba iyo, radgan ajanyebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi imereTSi mefoba unda aRdgeniliyo. mTavrebis dadianisa da gurielis, aseve imereTis uZlieresi Tavadis saxlTuxuces zurab wer-eTlis arasworma politikam, romelic sakuTari kanonieri mefis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli da pirad keTildReobasa da TviTgandidebaze iyo dafuZnebuli, Sedegi ar gamoiRo, rad-gan maT Zlevamosili imperiis dakrulze iTamaSes da xarbad daewafnen rusul oqrosa da Cin-medlebs. maTi daxmarebiT ruseTma aisrula Tavisi mizani, romlis Semdegac damorCileb-is politika mis mokavSireebTanac bunebrivad ganaxorciela. amas adasturebs 1819-1820 wlis ajanyebis msvleloba, rogorc samegrelos, aseve guriis dedoflebi didebulebTan erTad darwmundnen im araswor politikaSi, romelic 1809-1810 wleb-Si awarmoes samegrelosa da guriis mmarTvelebma, romlebmac gauioles rusebs imereTis dapyroba.

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ajanyeba daiwyo 1819 wels, rodesac imereTSi saqarTvelos egzarqosi Teofilaqte Cavida da eklesia-monastrebis qonebis aRwera daiwyes imereTSi, samegrelosa da guriaSi. reformis dros mRvdlebis nawili xelfasze gadaiyvanes, xolo didi nawili ki Seamcires. quTaisis eparqiaSi 72 taZridan da 105 RvTismsaxurisgan 37 taZari da 39 RvTismsaxuri datoves, xonSi 42 taZridan da 59 RvTismsaxuridan 25 taZari da 23 RvTismsaxuri darCa (Махарадзе.1942:57). RvTismsaxurTa um-ravlesoba saxlSi gauSves, aseve gaizarda gadasaxadebi, ramac mosaxleoba kidev ufro mZime dReSi Caagdo da rusuli xe-lisuflebis mimarT ukmayofileba ufro gazarda. amas mow-mobs erT-erTi werili, romelic gaugzavnes xelisuflebas quTaisisa da Soropnis macxovreblebma: „mosvliTa imereTsa Sina maRalyovladusamRvdeolesobis Teofilaqtesi miveceniT dididan mciremdis Soropnisa da quTaisis mazrisani Tavadni, aznaurni, glexni, saSinel mwuxarebasa vidre naTlisRebisgan da qristes jvarcmiTgan mtkiced mpyrobelsa sarwmunoebasa Cvensa SempatiJebul gveqmnen, romelic uZviresni saqmeni am-aTgani dawyobilni qarTlsa Sina gvinaxavs cxadaT; pirvel ese, rom mravalni wmidani eklesiani dairRvevian, da patio-sani da qebulni xatni da jvarni miRebul gveqmnebian, Cven-gan aRzrdilni sakuTari mlocveli mRvdlebi migviyvebian da Cven moklebuli viqmnebiT pirvel qristes didebisagan da meore xorcieli samsaxurisagan, makurTxevelisa Cvenisa mRvdelmTavrebisa kurTxevisagan sruliad moSorebuli viqm-nebiT... Tuki ar exebian ebraelTa sarwmunoebas, aseve kaTo-likebsa da somxebs, ratom unda viyoT Cven gamonaklisi maT Soris maSin, roca Cven viyaviT agarianebis xelSi, ar exebod-nen Cvens mtkice sarwmunoebas, ar CavardnilvarT aseT gan-sacdelSi“ (tyeSelaSvili.2005:24-25). saeklesio politika,

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romelic gaatara rusulma xelisuflebam Zlier aRaSfoTa xalxi, qarTvel xalxs uspobdnen yvelaze mTavars RvTism-saxurebasa da locvas qarTul enaze, rac bunebrivia, yve-laze mTavari faseulobaa qarTveli kacisTvis. werili 1819 wlis 24 ivnisiTaa daTariRebuli, swored am periodidan daiwyo ajanyeba imereTSi. ajanyebulebi mdinare rionTan Sekrebilan da am Sekrebaze gadawyvites aerCiaT TavianTi mefe. es yvelaferi daweres qaRaldze, daadastures xel-moweriTa da jvarsa da saxarebaze daficebiT. Semdeg ki airCies xelmZRvanelebi (Джавахишвили.1906:23). ajanyebas xelmZRvanelobdnen solomon mefis uaxloesi mRvdelmTa-vari, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos gamgebeli quTaTeli mitrop-oliti dosiTeosi (wereTeli) da gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime (SarvaSiZe). ajanyebis erT-erTi meTauri iyo aseve solomon pirvelis SviliSvili, darejan batoniSvilis vaJi ivane abaSiZe, romelic cocxali gadarCa 1810 wels, misi mama da ori Zma ki gmirulad Seewirnen mterTan brZolas, rogorc Tamar papava brZanebda „moxucma dedam igi imereTs momavali brZolebisaTvis Semounaxa“ (papava.1990:216). da es droc dadga, mas unda eZia Suri misi mamisa da Zmebis gamo. ivane abaSiZe samefo kandidatad moiazreboda, radgan igi bagrationTa samefo gvaris STamomavali iyo dedis xaziT, amasTanave solomon mefes memkvidre ar darCenia da ivanes gamorCeva logikuri iyo.

mefobis kandidatad moiazreboda aseve sparseTSi myo-fi aleqsandre batoniSvili, romlis karzec ajanyebulTa despanebma erTmaneTis miyolebiT iwyes dena. isini batoni- Svils imereTSi iwvevdnen da gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi imere-Tis taxts sTavazobdnen. man sabolood gadawyvita saqmeSi CarTva Tumca ajanyebaSi uSualo monawileobis miReba veRar

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moaswro (orjonikiZe.2013:83-84). sabolood gadawyda ajanye-bul meTaurTa Sepyroba da ruseTSi gadasaxleba, risTvisac ruseTis mTavrobam jarebis sakmao raodenobas mouyara Tavi imereTSi da Sedga mitropolitebis Sepyrobis gegma. 1820 wlis 4 marts mRvdelmTavrebi Seipyres didmarxvis periodSi _ „Seipyrna ese titvelni Rame, quTaTels, gaenaTels da arq-imandrit grigols Tavs Camoacves welamdin tomrebi da Seu-kres zevidam xelebi da hgvemes friad quTaTels da Tavisis saxlidam TreviT Zirs Camoitanes, dastanjes ese berebi uwy-alod Tvinier yovlisa mizezisa“. fizikurad Zlieri aRnagobis mRvdelmTavarma winaaRmdegoba gauwia samxedroebs, risTvisac moxuci mitropoliti saSinlad ucemiaT, Semdeg ki xiStebiT dauCxvletiaT. nawamebi mRvdelmTavari arqimandrit grigol cqitiSvils uziarebia, Tumca sisxlisgan daclili surami-dan gors Soris gzaze gardacvlila (tyeSelaSvili. 2005:32). nacemi da Seuracxyofili mitropoliti eqvTime ki ruseTSi gadaasaxles. rusma jariskacebma ivane abaSiZis Sepyroba ver moaxerxes, man guriaSi moaswro gaqceva. sadac mas daedevna polkovniki puzirevski, romelic ajanyebulebma Semoqmedis cixesTan Seipyres da „polkovniki igi puzirevski, qaixos-rom da abaSiZem ivanem da finezaSvilma nikoloz warkveTes Tavi, romelsac RmerTman marTlmsajulman ago Suri im saxed mopyrobisaTvis da tanjvisaTvis mRvdelmTavarTa“ _ gvauwyebs daviT batoniSvili. mudmivi dazvervis qveS hyo-liaT ivane abaSiZis deda darejan batoniSili, romelic sabolood Seipyres da ruseTSi gadaasaxles. ivane abaSiZe sabolood iZulebuli gaxda axalcixeSi gadasuliyo. es am-bavi vaxtang meeqvsis samarTlis wignze miuweriaT: „Cyk (1820) amaSi gadavarda axalcixes ivane da nikoloz abaSiZe“ (xel-nawerTa aRweriloba. II.1964:26). ivane abaSiZis gaqcevasTan

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erTad dasrulda is moZraoba, romelic solomon mefem daiwyo aTiode wlis win da sabolood dasamarda solomon pirvelis SviliSvilis ivane abaSiZis mkvlelobiT. mecxram-ete saukunis bolos dekanoz daviT RambaSiZes, ivane abaSiZis Sesaxeb Semdegi mogoneba Cauweria imereTSi: „RmerTma dalo-cos amisTana didebuli Tavadi, iyo SroSeli abaSiZe ivane, kai SeZlebuli kaci iyo da Zlier guladic. bolo dros ise mouxdines saqme, rom mokles da misi qoneba sul aaoxres. pirvel xanebSi sofelSi avida, Semdeg xanSi. ramdeni moci-quli miugzavnes xanelebs, ramdeni saCuqaric aZlies, magram erTi sityviT yvela sofleli saCxubrad iyo gamzadebuli. bolos axalcixeSi gadavida. mas Tan gahyva ori TavadiSvili da sxva mxlebeli kacebi. erTi fineiSvili iyo vgoneb da meore batoniSvili. ivane abaSiZe xonTqars Txovda daxmarebas, rom ukanve dabrunebuliyo*. magram RmerTma uRalatos im or kacs, romelic maT gahyva imaT raRac miwer-mowera qondaT saxlTuxuces zurab wereTelTan. am orma kacma uRalata

* ivane abaSiZesTan erTad axalcixeSi gadavidnen araerTi ma-muliSvili, romlebic imereTis mmarTvelma gorCakovma prokla-maciiT gandevna ruseTis imperiidan: Tavadni; mamuka bagratisSvili, beJan mxeiZe, gogia mxeiZe, ivane qaixosros Ze abaSiZe, nikoloz rostomis Ze pinezi, qaixosro amaRlobliSvili, zurab amaRlob-liSvili, almasxan da javax iaSvilni, xosia merabis Ze iaSvili, ivane wulukiZe otias Svili, svimona giorgis Svili wulukiZe, mefis daviTis ymani: vaxtang bagratovi, Zma misi tarieli. saxelm-wifo aznauri sesika iaSvili, glexni: glaxuna bakuraZe, vaxtangela svaniZe, grigol jafariSvili, zurab jafariSvili, egnate kak-roSvili, SoSita tyeSelaSvili, daviT mRvdeli buaZe. 1821 wlis 12 marti (moambe 1904 #10). rogorc 1810 wels samSoblodan gadaxvewili mamuliSvilebi, aseve 1819–1820 wlis ajanyebis gmirTa nawilic dabrunda saqarTveloSi.

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sawyals da Tavis ymas WumburiZes moakvlevines. sawyali rode-sac seiranze moadga, am WumburiZem esrola fiStio da waaq-cia kaci. es biWi WumburiZe da sxvebic Turme mosyidulebi iyvnen kidev sxvisganac da nametur saxlTuxucesisagan. ivane abaSiZe axalcixeSi aris dasaflavebuli“ (droeba.1883:3). es naambobi sarwmuno unda iyos, radgan erT-erTi mTxrobeli swored xanidan iyo. raoden dasanania, rom am cud saqmeSic zurab wereTlis xeli urevia, man kidev erTxel uRalata qarTul saqmes da darejan batoniSvilis erTaderTi imedi, sicocxles gamoasalma, rusulma oqrom kidev erTi Rirseuli qarTveli gamoasalma sicocxles da rac yvelaze samwuxaroa ivane abaSiZe masTan daaxloebulma adamianma gawira. 1821 wlis 5 oqtombris cnobiT Tavad ivane abaSiZis qoneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebad gamocxadda, eklesiisTvis Sewiruli misi nivTebi ki sasuliero xelisuflebas unda gadascemoda (qca.f.21 s.9).

ivane abaSiZis mkvlelobiT, ruseTis imperiam Cveuli xe-rxiT morigi problema moagvara, samSoblos Tavisuflebi-saTvis mebrZoli kidev erTi gmiri gamoasalma wuTisofels, am saqmeSi imperiis moxeleebma Tavisi Zveli mokavSire zurab wereTeli gamoiyena, visTvisac Ralati ucxo ar iyo. rogorc aRvniSneT, ivane abaSiZis qoneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebad gamocxadda, xolo misi ojaxi ruseTSi gadaasaxles, rom ara mamia gurielis Careva, romelic gamoesarCla sakuTar das da diswulebs da misi Txovna gaiTvaliswina mTavrobam da ivane abaSiZis ufrosi vaJis giorgis da dedis darejanis batoniSvilis garda gadasaxlebulebi gzidan daabrunes. am faqts ixsenebs didi qarTveli mgosani akaki wereTeli, radgan ivane abaSiZe misi babua, xolo ivanes asuli ekaterine misi deda iyo, romelic maSin 12 wlisa yofila. sazareli xvedri ergo ivane abaSiZis dedas darejan batoniSvils, romelic

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ruseTSi gadaasaxles da swored iq gaigo gamwarebulma dedam Tavisi ukanaskneli imedis ivane abaSiZis gardacvalebis am-bavi da romelzec Tamar papava Tavis SesaniSnav wignSi Zalze maRalfardovnad gadmogvcems. aseTi bedi ergoT wilad im-ereTis yvelaze saxelovani mefis solomon pirvelis ojaxis wevrebs.

aseTive bedi gaiziares ajanyebis sxva moTaveebma, quTaTelma mitropolitma dosiTeos wereTelma da gaenaTelma mitrop-olitma eqvTime SarvaSiZem*. maTgan erTi dosiTeos wereTeli saSinlad nacemi da xiStebisagan miyenebuli Wrilobebisa-gan suramsa da gors Soris gzaze gardaicvala, wamebuli mRvdelmTavari ananuris eklesiaSi dakrZales yovelgvari ceremoniis gareSe, xolo gaenaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime, romelmac ruseTis imperatori aleqsandre pirveli (1801-1825) amxila peterburgis sasaxleSi da mas „axali neroni“ uwoda im saqcielisTvis, rogoric man gamoiCina qarTvel bagrationTa da mamuliSvilTa mimarT. igi amis gamo gad-aasaxles aleqsandre svirelis saxelobis monasterSi da iqve gardaicvala 1822 wlis 21 aprils. misi dakrZalvis dRes ki saswauli gancxadda. amis Sesaxeb ixileT (l. tyeSelaSvili _ dasaxelebuli naSromi). Rirseuli mRvdelmTavris neSti 2005 wlis aprilSi saqarTveloSi Camoasvenes da gelaTis mTavar taZarSi dakrZales, iq sadac TxuTmetiode wlis win devnili mefe solomonis neSti dakrZales. samSoblosaTvis wamebulma gmirebma uwmindes navTsayudelSi daides bina, sa-

*T. efremiZis cnobiT mitropolit dosiTeoz quTaTelTan da eqvTime gaenaTelTan erTad ajanyebaSi monawileobas Rebulobda xonis mTavareoiskoposi antoni, romelic 1822 wels gardaicva. imdenad moxuci yofila, rom xelisuflebas misTvis gadasaxleba ar miusjia. (efremiZe.2014:8).

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momavlod Tuki saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqebi gadawyveten, mitropoliti dosiTeos wereTelis nawilebic unda dabrundes axladaRdgenil bagratis taZarSi, iq sa-dac mitropolit dosiTeosis rezidencia iyo. vinaidan igi iZulebiT, Seuracxyofili, nacem-nagvemi waiyvanes Tavisi sam-wysodan da sisxlisgan daclili mRvdelmTavari malulad dakrZales ananuris taZarSi. misi gadmosveneba ki iqneba erT-gvari kanonzomierebis aRdgena da pativis migeba wamebuli mRvdelmTavris mimarT. am Rirseuli adamianebis pativisgeba vfiqrobT, yvelas valdebulebaa, vinc sakuTari samSoblos Rirseul momavalze fiqrobs. erma da berma sisxlis uka-nasknel wveTamde ibrZola, im faseulobebisaTvis, romlisT-visac brZola yvela droSi mxolod rCeulTa xvedria. sol-omon mefem Tavis TanamebrZolebTan erTad ki kargi magaliTi gviCvenes samSoblos dacvisa, siyvarulisa da Tavganwirvisa, maT am gmirobis erTi didi epoqa Seqmnes da am epoqis mimarT yuradReba da interesi dResac ar ganelebula.

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Levan Tkeshelashvili

SoLomon II – A devoTed KIng of ImereTI

In 1815 the last Bagrationi King of Imereti – Solomon II died in Ottoman Empire in the city of Trabzon. In 1990, his remains were taken to Georgia and burried in Gelati Monastery. The documents about the king were kept in the works of Russian authors, but most of them were tendentious as they showed Solomon as dangerous, unfaithful person and a traitor. In fact, Solomon was the one, who understood the evil intentions of Russian authorities. Even though he made many concessions, Russia still demanded his expell from the reign. King Solomon honorably served his debt before the country. In 1810 he said to the people of Imereti: “I will devote my life to Im-ereti”. Young Bagrationi fulfilled his promise. Being deeply in love with his homeland, he did a lot for the country.

Solomon was a true believer, the monarch who was really suc-cessful in his management. Moreover, he particularly cared about the people as he mentioned: “My heart is full of your honor and love”. We think, that King Solomon deserves to be highly appreci-ated by Georgians. People should definitely know about his merit and special devotion, which is not properly mentioned in previous studies. However, we do not have the ambition of perfection and the research should be continued. Also, it should be mentioned that, in the twentieth century, the studies in terms of national and religious

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issues were limited and there is a lot to be done nowadays.King Solomon`s contribution to the nation is properly set out by

Al. Khakhanshvili in 1911 “Trust and love of the king proves that he was not an ordinary king with his private interests. He devoted his entire life to the wealth of Imereti. He wanted to establish a strong Kingdom of Western Georgia that would be the basis of influence on East Iveria.” That was the goal of King Solomon. He wanted to maintain Georgian state in Western Georgia and only after that take care of its eastern part. However, his plans had many enemies in and out of the country. King Solomon united the whole society of Geor-gia including his uncles, the heirs of King Erekle, Clergymen and ordinary patriots. He used diplomatic ways to establish relationships with the Persian, Ottoman and French officials, but in vain. How-ever, he did not give up and continued his struggle for fairness.

King Solomon died very young in refugee of Ottoman Empire. His life is a real example of love and devotion to the homeland. We think that, the abovementioned era gives as much to think about. It means, we should properly appreciate the events nowadays for the future of our country.

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oqros Cardaxi (solomon mefis rezidencia quTaisSi)

trapizonis wm. grigol noselis saxelobis taZari

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trapizoni, solomon II-is saflavis ekvderi XX saukunis dasawyisi

solomon II-is gerbi

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1990 weli, solomon mefis Camosveneba, Tbilisi

1990 w. noemberi, sionis sakaTedro taZari, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II panaSvids aRasrulebs

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sionis taZari, kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti kalistrate

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trapizonis wminda aia-sofias saxelobis taZari, taZarSi dasvenebuli iyo solomon mefis neSti

solomon mefis minaweri sigelze (qim.706)

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mitropolit dosiTeozis minaweri sigelze (qim.138)

mitropolit eqvTimes minaweri sigelze (qim.138)

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gamoyenebuli literatura

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quTaisis istoriuli muzeumi. xelnawerTa fondi №104,

106, 132, 137, 138, 140, 706, 978, 986, 1451.

quTaisis centraluri saistorio arqivi fondi fondi21

saqme № 9.

saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivi. fondi 1448

saqme №.2246, 1464, 3161, 4438.

fondi 1450 saqme № 38. fondi 1451 saqme № 16, 162.

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. fondi Hd 3159.

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koreqtori: jondi qarTveliSvili

fotoebis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT

irakli lorTqifaniZes

ydaze warmodgenilia solomon mefis naxati suraTi,

sadac solomons acvia qarTuli Coxa, samogvis waRebi

da welze artyia xrmali, mefes acvia samefo mantia.

marjvniv SeiniSneba aseve mefis gvirgvini.

9 789941 429866

ISBN 978-9941-429-86-6