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CSS3implementing the new features
Mark Branom, IT ServicesJohn Foliot, Stanford Online Accessibility
Program
Brief history… 1997-2001
Content: HTML 4.01 Presentation: CSS1
Brief history… 2001-2006
Content: XHTML 1 Presentation: CSS2
Brief history… 2007-present
Content: HTML5 Presentation: CSS3
Vendor Prefixes
Some CSS rules won’t work without the vendor prefix. Mozilla Browsers (Firefox)
-moz
Webkit Browsers (Safari, Chrome)-webkit
Opera-o
Internet Explorer-ms<!--[if IE]> <![endif]-->
Not all CSS rules work with all browsers: http://www.caniuse.com/ http://www.css3.info/selectors-test/ http://quirksmode.org/css/contents.html
So, what’s the big deal about CSS3?
New selectors!
element1~element2Selects an element that is a general next sibling of another element.
Example:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/selector_sibling.html
[attribute^=value] Represents an element with the attribute whose value begins with the prefix value.
[attribute$=value] Represents an element with the attribute whose value ends with the prefix value.
[attribute*=value] Represents an element with the attribute whose value contains the prefix value.
Example:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/selector_attributeAdvanced.html
New pseudo elements/classes!
:first-of-type :last-of-type :only-of-type
Select elements that are first, last, or only child of its type of its parent
Example:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/type.html
:first-child :only-child :last-child
Selects an element that is the first, only, or last child of its parent.
Examples:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/firstchild.htmlhttp://www.quirksmode.org/css/onlychild.html
More new pseudo elements/classes! nth-child(n) :nth-of-type(n)
Allows you to select elements with a formula. Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/nthchild.html
:nth-last-child(n) :nth-last-of-type(n)
Work same as nth-child, except that they start counting at the last element instead of the first. Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/nthlastchild.html
:root Selects the root initial containing block (in HTML, this is the <html> tag) Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/root.html
:empty Selects elements with no content (“empty”). Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/empty.html
:target Selects a targeted element – one with an ID with the same value as the URL's hash. Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/target.htmlhttp://www.quirksmode.org/css/target.html#testHash
Still more new pseudo elements/classes!
:enabled :disabled :checked
Allows a designer to apply style to enabled, disabled, or checked form field elements.
Example:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/enabled.html
:not(selector) Negates a selector. Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/not.html
::selection Defines style for text that a user selects. Example:
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/selection.html
New properties! (and some new property groups!)
• Animation• Background• Border and
outline• Box• Color• Content Paged
Media• Dimension• Flexible Box• Font
• Generated content
• Grid• Hyperlink• Linebox• List• Margin• Marquee• Multi-column• Padding• Paged Media
• Positioning• Print• Ruby• Speech• Table• Text• 2D/3D
Transform• Transition• User-interface
CSS Property Groups:
Animation
@keyframesSpecifies the animation
animation A shorthand property for all the animation properties below, except the animation-play-state property
animation-nameSpecifies a name for the @keyframes animation
animation-duration Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds an animation takes to complete one cycle
animation-timing-functionSpecifies the speed curve of the animation
animation-delay Specifies when the animation will start
animation-iteration-count Specifies the number of times an animation should be played
animation-directionSpecifies whether or not the animation should play in reverse on alternate cycles
animation-play-stateSpecifies whether the animation is running or paused
Examples:http://www.leemunroe.com/css3-animations/http://css3.bradshawenterprises.com/animations/http://www.w3schools.com/css3/tryit.asp?filename=trycss3_animation1http://www.standardista.com/sxsw/#slide24
Transition
transition A shorthand property for setting the four transition properties
transition-property Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is for
transition-duration Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect takes to complete
transition-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect
transition-delay Specifies when the transition effect will start
Example:http://css3.bradshawenterprises.com/transitions/
Transform
transform Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element
transform-origin Allows you to change the position on transformed elements
transform-style Specifies how nested elements are rendered in 3D space
perspective Specifies the perspective on how 3D elements are viewed
perspective-origin Specifies the bottom position of 3D elements
backface-visibility Defines whether or not an element should be visible when not facing the screen
Examples:http://westciv.com/tools/3Dtransforms/index.htmlhttp://css3.bradshawenterprises.com/transforms/
Background
background-clip Specifies the painting area of the background
background-origin Specifies the positioning area of the background images
background-sizeSpecifies the size of the background images Example:
http://www.css3.info/preview/background-origin-and-background-clip/
background-gradientSpecifies a gradient (shifting from one color to another) in the background Examples:
http://www.stanford.edu/group/ttsclasses/cgi-bin/techietips/?p=485http://css-tricks.com/5700-css3-gradients/http://www.standardista.com/sxsw/#slide3
Border
border-bottom-left-radius Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-left corner
border-bottom-right-radius Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-right corner
border-image A shorthand property for setting all the border-image-* properties
border-image-outset Specifies the amount by which the border image area extends beyond the border box
border-image-repeat Specifies whether the image-border should be repeated, rounded or stretched
border-image-slice Specifies the inward offsets of the image-border
border-image-source Specifies an image to be used as a border
border-image-width Specifies the widths of the image-border
border-radius A shorthand property for setting all the four border-*-radius properties
border-top-left-radius Defines the shape of the border of the top-left corner
border-top-right-radius Defines the shape of the border of the top-right corner
Examples:http://www.css3.info/preview/rounded-border/http://border-radius.com/
Box
box-decoration-break Defines a break in the box’s decoration Example: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-box-decoration-break
box-shadow
Attaches one or more drop-shadows to the box Examples:
http://www.css3.info/preview/box-shadow/http://www.standardista.com/sxsw/#slide9
overflow-x Specifies whether or not to clip the left/right edges of the content, if it overflows the element's content area
overflow-y Specifies whether or not to clip the top/bottom edges of the content, if it overflows the element's content area
overflow-style Specifies the preferred scrolling method for elements that overflow Example: http://www.css3.info/overflow-xoverflow-y
Flexible Box
Specification is still under development…Stay Tuned!!!
Example:http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/flexbox/quick/
Color
RGBA(Red,Green,Blue,Alpha opacity)rgba(100%,0%,0%,0.8) produces 80% red. Examples:
http://www.css3.info/preview/rgba/http://hex2rgba.devoth.com/
HSLA (Hue, Saturation, Lightness, Alpha opacity)hsla(0,100%, 50%,1.0) produces 100% red. Examples:
http://hslpicker.com/http://www.css3.info/preview/hsl/
opacity Sets the opacity level for an element from 0 to 1.0. Example:
http://www.css3.info/preview/opacity/http://www.standardista.com/sxsw/#slide6
Font
Free web fonts:http://www.google.com/webfontshttp://www.fontsquirrel.com
@font-face A rule that allows websites to download and use fonts other than the "web-safe" fonts Examples:
http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/using-font-face/http://www.css3.info/preview/web-fonts-with-font-face/
font-size-adjust Preserves the readability of text when font fallback occurs Example:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/#font-size-adjust-prop
font-stretch Selects a normal, condensed, or expanded face from a font family Example: Currently no browser supports font-stretch
Text
hanging-punctuation Specifies whether a punctuation character may be placed outside the line box Example: Currently no browser supports hanging-punctuation
punctuation-trim Specifies whether a punctuation character should be trimmed Example: Currently no browser supports punctuation-trim
text-outline Specifies a text outline Example: Currently no browser supports text-outline
text-wrap Specifies line breaking rules for text Example: Currently no browser supports text-wrap
text-align-last Describes how the last line of a block or a line right before a forced line break is aligned when text-align is "justify" Example:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531163(VS.85).aspx
Text (continued)
text-justify Specifies the justification method used when text-align is "justify" Example:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531172(v=VS.85).aspx text-shadow
Adds shadow to text Examples:
http://www.css3.info/preview/text-shadow/http://www.quirksmode.org/css/textshadow.htmlhttp://www.standardista.com/sxsw/#slide9
word-break Specifies line breaking rules for non-CJK (Chinese/Japanese/Korean) text Example:
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/tryit.asp?filename=trycss3_word-break word-wrap
Allows long, unbreakable words to be broken and wrap to the next line Example:
http://www.css3.info/preview/word-wrap/
Grid
grid-columns Specifies the width of each column in a grid
grid-rowsSpecifies the height of each column in a grid
Examples:http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-grid-align
http://www.xanthir.com/blog/b4580
Multi-column
column-count Specifies the number of columns an element should be divided into
column-fill Specifies how to fill columns
column-gap Specifies the gap between the columns
column-rule A shorthand property for setting all the column-rule-* properties
column-rule-color Specifies the color of the rule between columns
column-rule-style Specifies the style of the rule between columns
column-rule-width Specifies the width of the rule between columns
column-span Specifies how many columns an element should span across
column-width Specifies the width of the columns
columns A shorthand property for setting column-width and column-count
Examples:http://www.quirksmode.org/css/multicolumn.htmlhttp://www.css3.info/preview/multi-column-layout/
Marquee
marquee-direction Sets the direction of the moving content
marquee-play-count Sets how many times the content move
marquee-speedSets how fast the content scrolls
marquee-style Sets the style of the moving content
Examples:http://www.css3.info/modules/css3-marquee-module/
http://www.cssplay.co.uk/menu/css3-marquee.html
Ruby
ruby-align Controls the text alignment of the ruby text and ruby base contents relative to each other
ruby-overhang Determines whether, and on which side, ruby text is allowed to partially overhang any adjacent text in addition to its own base, when the ruby text is wider than the ruby base
ruby-positionControls the position of the ruby text with respect to its base
ruby-spanControls the spanning behavior of annotation elements
Examples:http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-rubyhttp://www.storiesinflight.com/html5/ruby.html
User-Interface
appearance Makes any element appear like a form element (e.g., paragraphs can look like buttons). Examples:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/CSS/-moz-appearancehttp://davidwalsh.name/dw-content/webkit-styles.php
box-sizing Forces an element fit inside an area. Example:
http://css-tricks.com/examples/BoxSizing/
outline-offset Offsets an outline, and draws it beyond the border edge Example:
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/tryit.asp?filename=trycss3_outline-offset
resize Specifies whether or not an element is resizable by the user Example:
http://www.css3.info/preview/resize/
User-Interface (continued)
nav-index Specifies the tabbing order for an element
nav-down Specifies the position of the element when using the arrow-down navigation key
nav-left Specifies the position of the element when using the arrow-left navigation key
nav-right Specifies the position of the element when using the arrow-right navigation key
nav-up Specifies the position of the element when using the arrow-up navigation key Example: Currently no browser supports the nav* properties
Content for Paged Media (print)
bookmark-label Specifies the label of the bookmark
bookmark-level Specifies the level of the bookmark
bookmark-target Specifies the target of the bookmark link Example:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-gcpm/#bookmarks
float-offset Pushes floated elements in the opposite direction of the where they have been floated with float Example:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-gcpm/#the-float-offset-property image-resolution
Specifies the resolution of an image Example:
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-images/#image-resolution marks
Adds crop and/or cross marks to the document Example:
http://www.quackit.com/css/properties/css_marks.cfm string-set
Named strings are created with the ‘string-set’ property which copies a string of text into the named string. Only text is copied; not style, structure, or replaced content Example:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-gcpm/#string-set
Content for Paged Media (print) - continued hyphenate-after
Specifies the minimum number of characters in a hyphenated word after the hyphenation character
hyphenate-before Specifies the minimum number of characters in a hyphenated word before the hyphenation character
hyphenate-character Specifies a string that is shown when a hyphenate-break occurs
hyphenate-lines Indicates the maximum number of successive hyphenated lines in an element
hyphenate-resource Specifies a comma-separated list of external resources that can help the browser determine hyphenation points
hyphens Sets how to split words to improve the layout of paragraphs
Example:http://meyerweb.com/eric/css/tests/css3/show.php?p=hyphens
More Paged Media Properties
object-fit Gives a hint for how to scale a replaced element if neither its width nor its height property is auto
object-position Determines the alignment of the object inside the box Examples:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/#object-fithttp://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/#object-position
image-orientation
Specifies a rotation in the right or clockwise direction that a user agent applies to an image Example:
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-images/#image-orientation
size Specifies the size and orientation of the containing box for page content Example:
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-page/#page-size-prop
Speech
mark A shorthand property for setting the mark-before and mark-after properties
mark-after Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream
mark-before Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream
phonemes Specifies a phonetic pronunciation for the text contained by the corresponding element
rest A shorthand property for setting the rest-before and rest-after properties
rest-after Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed after speaking an element's content
rest-before Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed before speaking an element's content
Speech (continued)
voice-balance Specifies the balance between left and right channels
voice-duration Specifies how long it should take to render the selected element's content
voice-pitch Specifies the average pitch (a frequency) of the speaking voice
voice-pitch-range Specifies variation in average pitch
voice-rate Controls the speaking rate
voice-stress Indicates the strength of emphasis to be applied
voice-volume Refers to the amplitude of the waveform output by the speech synthesizes
Examples:http://www.css3.info/preview/speech/http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-speech/
Linebox
alignment-adjust Allows more precise alignment of elements
alignment-baseline Specifies how an inline-level element is aligned with respect to its parent
baseline-shift Allows repositioning of the dominant-baseline relative to the dominant-baseline
dominant-baseline Specifies a scaled-baseline-table
drop-initial-after-adjust Sets the alignment point of the drop initial for the primary connection point
drop-initial-after-align Sets which alignment line within the initial line box is used at the primary connection point with the initial letter box
drop-initial-before-adjust Sets the alignment point of the drop initial for the secondary connection point
drop-initial-before-align Sets which alignment line within the initial line box is used at the secondary connection point with the initial letter box
drop-initial-size Controls the partial sinking of the initial letter
drop-initial-value Activates a drop-initial effect
Linebox (continued)
inline-box-align Sets which line of a multi-line inline block align with the previous and next inline elements within a line
line-stacking A shorthand property for setting the line-stacking-strategy, line-stacking-ruby, and line-stacking-shift properties
line-stacking-ruby Sets the line stacking method for block elements containing ruby annotation elements
line-stacking-shift Sets the line stacking method for block elements containing elements with base-shift
line-stacking-strategy Sets the line stacking strategy for stacked line boxes within a containing block element
text-heightSets the block-progression dimension of the text content area of an inline box
Example:http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-linebox/#properties
Hyperlink
target A shorthand property for setting the target-name, target-new, and target-position properties
target-name Specifies where to open links (target destination)
target-new Specifies whether new destination links should open in a new window or in a new tab of an existing window
target-position Specifies where new destination links should be placed
Examples:http://thinkvitamin.com/design/stay-on-target/http://virtuelvis.com/gallery/css3/target/interface.htmlhttp://www.uselesscode.org/blog/82/pure-css3-tab-widget
Some CSS3 Resources…
http://www.stanford.edu/group/ttsclasses/css/
http://border-radius.com/
http://caniuse.com/
http://css-tricks.com/
http://css3.bradshawenterprises.com
http://css3.info/
http://cssplay.co.uk/menu/css3-marquee.html
http://davidwalsh.name/dw-content/webkit-styles.php
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/
http://fontsquirrel.com/
http://google.com/webfonts
http://hex2rgba.devoth.com/
http://hslpicker.com/
http://html5rocks.com/
http://leemunroe.com
http://meyerweb.com/eric/css/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/
http://quackit.com/css
http://quirksmode.org/css/contents.html
http://standardista.com
http://standardista.com/sxsw
http://storiesinflight.com/html5/ruby.html
http://stubbornella.org/content/category/general/geek/css/
http://thinkvitamin.com/design/stay-on-target/
http://uselesscode.org/blog/82/pure-css3-tab-widget
http://virtuelvis.com/gallery/css3/target/interface.html
http://w3.org/
http://w3schools.com
http://westciv.com/tools/3Dtransforms
http://xanthir.com/blog
http://xanthir.com/blog/b4580
http://selectivizr.com
