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India’s Classical Age (Volume B)
Background
Vedic Canon
• Brahman• ātman• moksa• karma• dharma
Maurya Dynasty (321–180 B.C.E.)• central administration• diplomatic and trade
links with Europe and Central Asia
• Emperor Aśoka (269–232 B.C.E.)
• “wheel of dharma”• Brahmi script, rock
inscriptions• multilingual pluralism• Buddhism and
ahimsa
Kusana Empire (100–300 C.E.)
• Kaniska• Buddhism• kāvya
Gupta Empire (320–550 C.E.)
• Candragupta Vikramaditya (375–415 C.E.)
• improved agriculture• improved economics• shift in trade with
China and Southeast Asia
• changes in Hinduism• rājakavi
Gupta (continued)
• shift in literacy among castes
• Jainism and their monasteries
• Tamil lyric
• katha, tale
• akhyayika, nonfiction histories and biographies
• Bana, Kadambari and Harsacarita
• Ramayana and Mahabharata as kavyas
• additional function of poetic works
Classical Genres
• kavi
• pratibha, conception
• aucitya, urbane decorum
• sahitya, literature
• “mutual benefit”
• audience as “true companion at heart” (sahrdaya)
Poets
• Bharata, Discipline of the Performing Arts (2nd century C.E.)
• rasa, essence of human emotion
• Dandin, The Ideal of Poetry
• alamkara, embellishment of language
• Anandavardhana, The Radiance of Suggestion (9th century C.E.)
• three levels of language: denotation, connotation, and suggestion
Aesthetics
India100–1000
Classical Indian culture was marked by which of the following?
a. religious persecutionb. social equalityc. religious toleranced. a growing middle class
Test Your Knowledge
During which imperial reign did India’s classical period come to maturity?
a. Guptab. Aśokac. Delhi Sultanated. Ottoman
Test Your Knowledge
Which of the following characterized the ideal writer during India’s classical period? He was a:
a. connoisseurb. religious asceticc. moralistd. mystic
Test Your Knowledge
According to classical India aesthetics, which of the following levels of meaning is the most important for producing poetic effect?
a. suggestionb. connotationc. allusiond. denotation
Test Your Knowledge
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