Karbala:Karbala:Aftermath and ConsequencesAftermath and Consequences

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim

Salaam to Al-HusainSalaam to Al-Husain

األرواح وعلى الله عبد أبا يا عليك السالمبفنائك حلت التي

وبقي بقيت ما � أبدا الله سالم مني عليكوالنهار الليل

لزيارتكم مني العهد آخر الله جعله والالحسين على السالم

الحسين بن علي وعلىالحسين أوالد وعلى

الله ورحمة � جميعا الحسين أصحاب وعلىوبركاته

Surah Al-Fajr: Surah Al-Fajr: the # 9 revealed Surahthe # 9 revealed Surah

Surah Al-Fajr was revealed in the early Surah Al-Fajr was revealed in the early weeks of Islamic Mission, About:weeks of Islamic Mission, About:

15 years15 years before Ramadhan became a fasting before Ramadhan became a fasting monthmonth

21 years21 years before Haj was demonstrated by the before Haj was demonstrated by the Prophet (pbuh)Prophet (pbuh)

84 years84 years before Karbala events took place before Karbala events took place

Surah Al-Fajr, Surah Al-Fajr, TafseerTafseer

عشر عشر وليال ::وليال

العشر 1.1. الليالي بها المراد العشر لعل الليالي بها المراد لعلإلى الحجة ذي أول إلى من الحجة ذي أول من

عاشرها عاشرها

الليالي: 2.2. بها المراد الليالي: وقيل بها المراد وقيلرمضان، شهر آخر من رمضان، العشر شهر آخر من العشر

من: العشر الليالي من: وقيل العشر الليالي وقيلأوله، أوله،

أول 3.3. من العشر الليالي قيل أول و من العشر الليالي قيل والمحرمالمحرم

Aر BجCفB BفCجBرAوCال وCال

Dر BشCع DالC Cي رD وCل BشCع DالC Cي وCل

AِعBف FالشCو AِعBف FالشCو

AرB BَوCت BرAوCال BَوCت وCال

AذCا إ AلB Fي AذCا وCالل إ AلB Fي وCالل

Aر BسC رAي BسC ي CكA ذCل ِفAي BلCه CكA ذCل ِفAي BلCه

JِذAي ل Kم CسCي قAِذJ ل Kم CسCق

DرBجAحDرBجAح

Subjects Discussed in the Slide ShowSubjects Discussed in the Slide Show

2. Intermediate Period 2. Intermediate Period 3. Long Term 3. Long Term

1. Immediate Period 1. Immediate Period

KarbalaKarbala

The Aftermath of KarbalaThe Aftermath of Karbala

5. Globalization of Karbala

4. The Sanctuary

3. The Revolts

2. Commemoration

1. Ripple Effect

 

Immediate Immediate

Period of Karbala AftermathPeriod of Karbala Aftermath

Immediate Period after Karbala deals with:Immediate Period after Karbala deals with:1.1. Head of Imam Al-Husain in:Head of Imam Al-Husain in:

a.a. KarbalaKarbala

b.b. DamascusDamascus

c.c. CairoCairo

2.2. Commemoration: Held Privately, locally, confidentiallyCommemoration: Held Privately, locally, confidentially

3.3. RevoltsRevoltsa.a. Ibn ZubairIbn Zubair

b.b. Al-TawwaboonAl-Tawwaboon

c.c. Al-Mukhtar avenging for Al-HusainAl-Mukhtar avenging for Al-Husain

4.4. Building the ShrineBuilding the Shrine

Intermediate Intermediate

Period of Karbala Aftermath:Period of Karbala Aftermath:2. The Sanctuary

3. The Commemoration

1. Revolts

Karbala Aftermath

Karbala is the Centerpiece for Islam Symbolizes the Struggle against Oppression and Injustice

Throughout all Ages

 

IntermediateIntermediate

Period of Karbala Aftermath:Period of Karbala Aftermath:

Intermediate period after KarbalaIntermediate period after Karbala1.1. Al-Ridha (around 202H): Makes Commemoration Al-Ridha (around 202H): Makes Commemoration

Public (Majlis in the houses)Public (Majlis in the houses)2.2. Destruction of Al-Husain’s Shrine (around 247H):Destruction of Al-Husain’s Shrine (around 247H):

a.a. Al-Mutawak’kil: By the 3Al-Mutawak’kil: By the 3rdrd try tryb.b. Rebuilding the shrine by al-Mun'tasir Rebuilding the shrine by al-Mun'tasir

3.3. Commemoration: Commemoration: a.a. Publicly Parading, Al-Buwayhi period (around 375H)Publicly Parading, Al-Buwayhi period (around 375H)b.b. Expanding the ShrineExpanding the Shrinec.c. Karbala as a townKarbala as a town

 

Late PeriodLate Period of Karbala Aftermath:of Karbala Aftermath:

Up to NowadaysUp to NowadaysCommemoration held world wide by the Shi'aCommemoration held world wide by the Shi'a

AsiaAsiaEuropeEuropeAmerica: North and South AmericaAmerica: North and South AmericaAustraliaAustralia

Fasting (Celebrated) by the Sunni: Fasting (Celebrated) by the Sunni: Moses crossing the sea (most Sunni reports).Moses crossing the sea (most Sunni reports).Abdul Qadir Gailani (One Sunni report) claims events of Abdul Qadir Gailani (One Sunni report) claims events of Adam, Noah, Ibrahim, Moses, Ayyub, Yusuf, Yunus, Adam, Noah, Ibrahim, Moses, Ayyub, Yusuf, Yunus, Dawood, Suleiman, Jesus, and Husain: took place then.Dawood, Suleiman, Jesus, and Husain: took place then.

 

(Head of al-Husain)(Head of al-Husain) Immediate Period #1Immediate Period #1

Immediate Period after KarbalaImmediate Period after Karbala1.1. Head of Al-Husain, Resting Place:Head of Al-Husain, Resting Place:

a.a. Karbala: at the ShrineKarbala: at the Shrine

b.b. Damascus: Special Room in al-Masjid al-UmawiDamascus: Special Room in al-Masjid al-Umawi

c.c. Cairo: Al-Husain’s ShrineCairo: Al-Husain’s Shrine

 

The RevoltsThe Revolts

Immediate Period #2:Immediate Period #2:

The RevoltsThe Revolts

1. Ibn Zubair in Hijaz: Revolts against Yazid

2. Al-Tawwaboon: 4 yrs after Karbala, they fight unto death

3. Al-Mukhtar: 5-6 yrs after Karbala, Kills all if not most of the ones who fought Al-Husain, including all the leaders: Shimr, Omar ibn Sa’ad, and Ibn Ziyad

The RevoltsThe Revolts Immediate Period #2:Immediate Period #2:

Immediate Period after KarbalaImmediate Period after Karbala1.1. Al-Tawwaboon during Marwan’s Reign: fight Benu Umayya Al-Tawwaboon during Marwan’s Reign: fight Benu Umayya

unto death, 4,000 (Some claim 16,000)unto death, 4,000 (Some claim 16,000)2.2. Al-Mukhtar avenging for Al-Husain: Killing all who fought Al-Al-Mukhtar avenging for Al-Husain: Killing all who fought Al-

Husain especially:Husain especially:a.a. Omar ibn Sa’adOmar ibn Sa’adb.b. ShimrShimrc.c. Obaidullah ibn ZiyadObaidullah ibn Ziyad

3.3. Rules Iraq for more than a year: during Abdul Malik’s reignRules Iraq for more than a year: during Abdul Malik’s reign4.4. Al-Mukhtar builds the rudimentary Shrine for Imam HusainAl-Mukhtar builds the rudimentary Shrine for Imam Husain5.5. Houses were built around, the beginning of town of KarbalaHouses were built around, the beginning of town of Karbala

 

(The Commemoration)(The Commemoration) Immediate Period #3Immediate Period #3

Immediate Period after KarbalaImmediate Period after Karbala1.1. Commemoration: To hold Majlis, confidential, local, every year, Commemoration: To hold Majlis, confidential, local, every year,

in people’s houses, was urged by: in people’s houses, was urged by: 1.1. Zainul Abideen, Zainul Abideen, 2.2. Al-Baaqir, Al-Baaqir, 3.3. Al-Saadiq then Al-Saadiq then 4.4. Subsequent ImamsSubsequent Imams

2.2. To Discuss the events of Karbala and the cause against To Discuss the events of Karbala and the cause against oppression and mischief, and hold to the ideals of Imam Husainoppression and mischief, and hold to the ideals of Imam Husain

3.3. The Commemoration was a stroke of genius that proved to be The Commemoration was a stroke of genius that proved to be the glue that holds the Shi’a together over the centuries the glue that holds the Shi’a together over the centuries

The 4 Phases of CommemorationThe 4 Phases of Commemoration

1. Private Homes

3. In ProcessionsModestly

4. Excessive Practices

2. In Public &Privately

The The Commemorations Commemorations

The Evolution of CommemorationThe Evolution of Commemoration

1. For 140 yrs 1. For 140 yrs Confidential in Confidential in Private Homes Private Homes

onlyonly

2. 2. For For 174 Yrs in 174 Yrs in Public and Private Public and Private Homes in the OpenHomes in the Open

3. 3. For For 600 yrs In 600 yrs In ProcessionsProcessions

4. 4. For For 500 yrs In 500 yrs In Processions with Processions with

Excessive PracticesExcessive Practices

Karbala Aftermath

Evolution of Commemoration

The CommemorationThe Commemoration

1.1. Zainul Abideen, Al-Baaqir, Al-Saadiq, and Zainul Abideen, Al-Baaqir, Al-Saadiq, and subsequent Imams had emphasized itsubsequent Imams had emphasized it

2.2. Was Was ConfidentialConfidential, in people’s houses, in people’s houses

3.3. Made Made PublicPublic due to Al-Ridha effort: around due to Al-Ridha effort: around 202H, also in people’s houses202H, also in people’s houses

4.4. Parading in theParading in the StreetsStreets during Buwayhi rule in during Buwayhi rule in 44thth century Hijrah and afterwards century Hijrah and afterwards

5.5. To the excessive during Safawi periodTo the excessive during Safawi period

6.6. Even more extreme nowadaysEven more extreme nowadays

Zainul Abideen:Zainul Abideen: To keep Karbala AliveTo keep Karbala Alive

Zainul Abideen urged people:Zainul Abideen urged people:1.1. To visit the site of Karbala To visit the site of Karbala

2.2. To observe To observe the anniversary of Karbalathe anniversary of Karbala

3.3. In Sujood to touch a clean Turbah In Sujood to touch a clean Turbah

4.4. Used a logo:  Used a logo:  May the Killer of Al‑Husain Ibn May the Killer of Al‑Husain Ibn Ali be Debased and Defiled.Ali be Debased and Defiled.

5.5. Mention Al-Husain often, cry, and make Mention Al-Husain often, cry, and make people cry too, thus actively participating on people cry too, thus actively participating on behalf of Al-Husainbehalf of Al-Husain

Karbala: Keeps onKarbala: Keeps on

The Culture of Karbala Keeps on and on:The Culture of Karbala Keeps on and on:1.1. Majlis and lecturesMajlis and lectures

2.2. Commemoration: Mourning the occasionCommemoration: Mourning the occasion

3.3. The Sanctuary Continues despite The Sanctuary Continues despite adversities by:adversities by:

Al-Mutawak’kilAl-Mutawak’kil

The OttomansThe Ottomans

The WahhabisThe Wahhabis

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein

The Sanctuary During the 1The Sanctuary During the 1stst 247 Years 247 Years

2. Al-Mukhtar Structure2. Al-Mukhtar Structure

4. Al-Rasheed Demolishes4. Al-Rasheed Demolishes5. Al-Amin Rebuilds5. Al-Amin Rebuilds

By 247H: Al-Mun’tasir RebuildsBy 247H: Al-Mun’tasir Rebuilds

1. No Sanctuary1. No Sanctuary

SanctuarySanctuary3. Al-Saffah Dome & Roof3. Al-Saffah Dome & Roof6. Al-Mutawak’kil Demolishes6. Al-Mutawak’kil Demolishes

The Sanctuary of Imam Al-Husain: The Sanctuary of Imam Al-Husain: Up to 247HUp to 247H

65H:65H: Al-Mukhtar built a simple enclosure around the grave with a small Al-Mukhtar built a simple enclosure around the grave with a small dome.  There were two entrances to the structure.dome.  There were two entrances to the structure.

132H132H A roof was built over a part of this mosque and two entrances were A roof was built over a part of this mosque and two entrances were added by al‑Saffah.added by al‑Saffah.

140H140H The roof was demolished during the reign of Khalifa al‑Mansoor.The roof was demolished during the reign of Khalifa al‑Mansoor.

158H158H The roof was reconstructed during the reign of Khalifa al-Mahdi.The roof was reconstructed during the reign of Khalifa al-Mahdi.

171H171H During the reign of al‑Rasheed the dome and the roof were During the reign of al‑Rasheed the dome and the roof were demolished and the tree which stood near the grave was cut down demolished and the tree which stood near the grave was cut down

193H193H During the reign of Khalifa al-Amin the building was reconstructed During the reign of Khalifa al-Amin the building was reconstructed

236H236H

?247H?247H

The malicious al-Mutawak'kil demolished the buildings and ordered The malicious al-Mutawak'kil demolished the buildings and ordered the land to be ploughed.the land to be ploughed.

247H247H al-Mun'tasir built a roof over the grave and set up an iron pillar near al-Mun'tasir built a roof over the grave and set up an iron pillar near it, to serve as a landmark for the visitors it, to serve as a landmark for the visitors

The Sanctuary During the Years 280H-780H:The Sanctuary During the Years 280H-780H:

Next 500 YearsNext 500 Years

2. Udh'd al-Dawla Dome & Gallaries2. Udh'd al-Dawla Dome & Gallaries

4. Damaged by fire; then Rebuilt4. Damaged by fire; then Rebuilt5. Nasir Deenul-Allah Rebuilds Enclosure 5. Nasir Deenul-Allah Rebuilds Enclosure

7. 780H Jalaa’iri erects 2 Golden Minarets7. 780H Jalaa’iri erects 2 Golden Minarets

1. By 280H: A Dome and 2 roofs1. By 280H: A Dome and 2 roofs

SanctuarySanctuary3. Enclosure of Sepulcher3. Enclosure of Sepulcher6. Jalaa’iri remodels dome & Enclosure6. Jalaa’iri remodels dome & Enclosure

The Sanctuary of Imam Al-Husain #2The Sanctuary of Imam Al-Husain #2

280H:280H: The Alawi representative built a dome at the center, with two roofs, The Alawi representative built a dome at the center, with two roofs, on either side and an enclosure with two entrances.on either side and an enclosure with two entrances.

371H371H Udh'd al-Dawla rebuilt the dome with surrounding galleries and Udh'd al-Dawla rebuilt the dome with surrounding galleries and constructed an enclosure of teak wood around the grave. He also constructed an enclosure of teak wood around the grave. He also constructed houses all round the shrine and erected the boundary constructed houses all round the shrine and erected the boundary wall of the city. At the same time Imran ibn Shahin built a mosque wall of the city. At the same time Imran ibn Shahin built a mosque adjacent to the tomb.adjacent to the tomb.

407H407H The buildings were damaged by fire and the Wazir, al-Fadi rebuilt The buildings were damaged by fire and the Wazir, al-Fadi rebuilt themthem

620H620H Nasir Deen-al-Allah reconstructed the enclosure of the grave.Nasir Deen-al-Allah reconstructed the enclosure of the grave.

757H757H Sultan Owais Jalaa’iri remodeled the dome and raised the walls of Sultan Owais Jalaa’iri remodeled the dome and raised the walls of the enclosurethe enclosure

780H780H Ahmad ibn Owais erected two minarets covered with gold and Ahmad ibn Owais erected two minarets covered with gold and extended the courtyard.extended the courtyard.

The Sanctuary During the Years 920H-1232H:The Sanctuary During the Years 920H-1232H:

Next 312 YearsNext 312 Years

2. Abbas Safawi constructs dharih 2. Abbas Safawi constructs dharih

4. Nadir Shah decorates 4. Nadir Shah decorates 5. Qajar covers the dome with gold.5. Qajar covers the dome with gold.

7. By 1232H Ali Shah Qajar repairs Dharih7. By 1232H Ali Shah Qajar repairs Dharih

1. By 920H: Ismail Safawi, the Tomb1. By 920H: Ismail Safawi, the Tomb

SanctuarySanctuary3. Murad IV whitewashes the dome3. Murad IV whitewashes the dome6. Wahhabis spoil Dharih & portico, & loot6. Wahhabis spoil Dharih & portico, & loot

The Shrine of Imam Al-Husain #3The Shrine of Imam Al-Husain #3

920H:920H: When Shah Ismail Safawi visited the shrine he built a Tomb of the When Shah Ismail Safawi visited the shrine he built a Tomb of the inlaid work over the grave.inlaid work over the grave.

1032H1032H Shah Abbas Safawi constructed the dharih (structure) of brass and Shah Abbas Safawi constructed the dharih (structure) of brass and bronze and decorated the dome with Kashi tiles..bronze and decorated the dome with Kashi tiles..

1048H1048H Sultan Murad IV, when he visited the holy shrine, whitewashed the Sultan Murad IV, when he visited the holy shrine, whitewashed the dome.dome.

1155H1155H Nadir Shah visited the shrine and decorated the building and offered Nadir Shah visited the shrine and decorated the building and offered valuable presents to its treasury.valuable presents to its treasury.

1211H1211H Shah Muhammad Qajar covered the dome of the shrine with gold.Shah Muhammad Qajar covered the dome of the shrine with gold.

1216H1216H Hordes of Wahhabis from Arabia attacked Karbala, spoiled the Hordes of Wahhabis from Arabia attacked Karbala, spoiled the Dharih (structure) and portico and looted the shrine. In the Dharih (structure) and portico and looted the shrine. In the meantime they slew 30,000 frightened inhabitants of Karbala.meantime they slew 30,000 frightened inhabitants of Karbala.

1232H1232H Fateh Ali Shah Qajar repaired the Dharih and plated them with Fateh Ali Shah Qajar repaired the Dharih and plated them with silver. He also plated the center of the main portico with gold and silver. He also plated the center of the main portico with gold and repaired the damage done by the Wahhabi thieves.repaired the damage done by the Wahhabi thieves.

4. Al-Khalsi extends courtyard and builds a Road4. Al-Khalsi extends courtyard and builds a Road

The Sanctuary During the Years 1283H-1420HThe Sanctuary During the Years 1283H-1420H

Next 137 YearsNext 137 Years

2. Bohra community Enclosure solid Silver2. Bohra community Enclosure solid Silver5. By 1420H Saddam Hussein attacks the 5. By 1420H Saddam Hussein attacks the

shrine and massacres shrine and massacres

1. By 1283H: Qajar: Extend Courtyard1. By 1283H: Qajar: Extend Courtyard

SanctuarySanctuary

3. Bohra community rebuilt western minaret3. Bohra community rebuilt western minaret

The Shrine of Imam Al-Husain #4The Shrine of Imam Al-Husain #4

1283H:1283H: Nasiruddin Shah Qajar extended the courtyard of the shrine.Nasiruddin Shah Qajar extended the courtyard of the shrine.

1358H1358H Taher Saif-ul Deen, of Bohra community offered a set of enclosures Taher Saif-ul Deen, of Bohra community offered a set of enclosures of solid silver which are fixed in the shrine.of solid silver which are fixed in the shrine.

1360H1360H Taher Saif-ul Deen, of Bohra community rebuilt the western minaretTaher Saif-ul Deen, of Bohra community rebuilt the western minaret

1367H1367H Al-Khalsi, Administrator of Karbala acquired the houses in the Al-Khalsi, Administrator of Karbala acquired the houses in the neighborhood of the courtyard according to the price fixed by the neighborhood of the courtyard according to the price fixed by the government, to build a road around the mausoleum and to extend government, to build a road around the mausoleum and to extend the courtyardthe courtyard

1420H1420H Forces of Saddam Hussein attack the shrine and massacre the Forces of Saddam Hussein attack the shrine and massacre the frightened people inside. Damage to the shrine continues to exist, frightened people inside. Damage to the shrine continues to exist, though much of it was repaired by Saddam within a few years.though much of it was repaired by Saddam within a few years.

Masjid al-Husain: Cairo, EgyptMasjid al-Husain: Cairo, Egypt

In Cairo Egypt

Masjid of al-Husain: Cairo, EgyptMasjid of al-Husain: Cairo, Egypt

In Cairo Egypt

Shrine of Al-Husain: KarbalaShrine of Al-Husain: Karbala

In Karbala, IraqIn Karbala, Iraq

Shrine of Al-Husain: KarbalaShrine of Al-Husain: Karbala

In Karbala, IraqIn Karbala, Iraq

Numerical Perspective: (1996):Numerical Perspective: (1996):

SHI’ASHI’A …………………………………………..… ….. 282 …………………………………………..… ….. 282 MillionsMillions

SUNNI:SUNNI:Hanafi …………….……………………...…………. 380 Hanafi …………….……………………...…………. 380 MillionsMillions

Maaliki ………………………………………………. 305 Maaliki ………………………………………………. 305 MillionsMillions

Shafi’i ……………………………………………….. 190 Shafi’i ……………………………………………….. 190 MillionsMillions

Hanbali …………………………………….......…….. 52 Hanbali …………………………………….......…….. 52 MillionsMillions

Iman (Belief)Iman (Belief)

Shi’aShi’a SunniSunniGod and His AttributesGod and His Attributes God and His AttributesGod and His Attributes

Al-Adl (Justice of God)Al-Adl (Justice of God) The AngelsThe Angels

Prophethood:Prophethood:a.a. The Revealed Books (Torah and The Revealed Books (Torah and

Bible)Bible)

b.b. The AngelsThe Angels

c.c. Qadr: Being Guided yet Free to Qadr: Being Guided yet Free to ChooseChoose

The Revealed Books (Torah and The Revealed Books (Torah and Bible)Bible)

ImamahImamah Messengers of GodMessengers of God

The HereafterThe Hereafter The HereafterThe Hereafter

Qadr: Guided yet Free to ChooseQadr: Guided yet Free to Choose

Rituals (Ibadat)Rituals (Ibadat)

Shi’aShi’a SunniSunni

1.1. Salat: PrayerSalat: Prayer 1.1. Shahaada: DeclarationShahaada: Declaration

2.2. Zakat: Poor’s DueZakat: Poor’s Due 2.2. Salat: PrayerSalat: Prayer

3.3. Saum: FastingSaum: Fasting 3.3. Zakat: Poor’s DueZakat: Poor’s Due

4.4. Haj: PilgrimageHaj: Pilgrimage 4.4. Saum: FastingSaum: Fasting

5.5. Khums: The FifthKhums: The Fifth 5.5. Haj: PilgrimageHaj: Pilgrimage

6.6. Jihad: Major and LesserJihad: Major and Lesser

7.7. Enjoining to what is GoodEnjoining to what is Good

8.8. Forbidding what is EvilForbidding what is Evil

Quran: Quran: Chapter 5, Verse 48Chapter 5, Verse 48

……To each among you have We To each among you have We prescribed a Law and an open prescribed a Law and an open way. way.

If God had so willed, He would If God had so willed, He would have made you a single people: have made you a single people: But, His plan is to test you in what But, His plan is to test you in what He hath given you: He hath given you:

So strive as in a race in all So strive as in a race in all virtues.virtues.

The goal of you all is to God; it is The goal of you all is to God; it is He that will show you the truth of He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute;the matters in which ye dispute;

منكم …… جعلنا منكم لكل جعلنا لكلومنهاجا ومنهاجا شرعة شرعة

لجعلكم الله شاء لجعلكم ولَو الله شاء ولَوولكن واحدة ولكن امة واحدة امة

اتاكم ما ِفي اتاكم ليبلَوكم ما ِفي ليبلَوكم

الخيرات الخيرات ِفاستبقَوا ِفاستبقَوا

مرجعكم الله مرجعكم الى الله الىكنتم بما ِفينبئكم كنتم جميعا بما ِفينبئكم جميعا

تختلفَون تختلفَون ِفيه ِفيه

In ConclusionIn Conclusion

Aftermath of Karbala EventsAftermath of Karbala EventsThe developments in the Immediate, the The developments in the Immediate, the intermediate, then the late periodintermediate, then the late period

The head of HusainThe head of HusainThe RevoltsThe RevoltsThe CommemorationsThe Commemorations

The Sanctuary during:The Sanctuary during:The first 247H YearsThe first 247H YearsThe years of 280H-780HThe years of 280H-780HThe years of 920H-1232HThe years of 920H-1232HThe years of 1283H-1420HThe years of 1283H-1420HPictures of the SanctuariesPictures of the Sanctuaries

Statistics and Views of the FaithStatistics and Views of the Faith

Finally we quote the Quran:Finally we quote the Quran:

In Allah’s Name, Lord of In Allah’s Name, Lord of Mercy and Lord of GraceMercy and Lord of Grace

By the Token of Time By the Token of Time

Verily Man is in loss,Verily Man is in loss,

Save those who believe Save those who believe and do good works, and and do good works, and exhort one another to Truth exhort one another to Truth and exhort one another to and exhort one another to patience.patience.

AمنBح Fالر Aالله A م BسA حBمنA ب Fالر Aالله A م BسA ب

A حAيم FالرA حAيم Fالر

AرBْصCعB BعCْصBرAوCال وCال

A ا FنA A إ ا FنA CفAي الالإ ل Cان Cي نسAفC ل Cان Cنس Dر BسSخ Dر BسSخ

A Aإ Sَوا الالإ آمCن CينAِذF Sَوا ال آمCن CينAِذF ال AاتCحA الْصFال Sَوا AحCاتA وCعCمAل الْصFال Sَوا وCعCمAل

JِّقCحB Aال ب CَوCاصCَوBا BحCِّقJ وCت Aال ب CَوCاصCَوBا وCت AرB AالْصFب ب CَوCاصCَوBا BرA وCت AالْصFب ب CَوCاصCَوBا وCت

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be blessed and in Allah’s CareBe blessed and in Allah’s Care

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim