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Action research on CALL Action research on CALL and Web 2.0 technologiesand Web 2.0 technologies:: A field study of 'BlogCasting' in WELL (Web Enhanced Language A field study of 'BlogCasting' in WELL (Web Enhanced Language

Learning), and CMT (Computer Managed Testing) in university EFL Learning), and CMT (Computer Managed Testing) in university EFL classesclasses

YASUDA, Masami,Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,

[email protected]

Foreign Language Section, School of Law & Politics, Kwansei Gakuin Univ., May 12, 2010.

関西学院大学　法学部　外国語研究室　研究会「 CALL 実践報告」

Foreign Language Section StudyKwansei Gakuin Univ., Nishinomiya, JAPAN

E-Learning at KG Univ.

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2. Introduction:CAI, CALL, e-Learning, WELL

e-Learning:Network Web based Learning

CALL:Computer AssistedLanguage Learning

CAI:Computer Assisted Instruction

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3. Overview of CALL History*

A: 1960 - 80

B: 1980 - 90 C: 1990 -

1. 行動主義的 Behavioristic

2. チューターとしてのコンピューター / Tutorial

3. コンピューター上の学習教材 / Study ware (FD’s)

1. 認知的 /Cognitive

2. 道具としてのコンピュー

ター Computer as tools

3. CD-ROM 上の学習教材 / CD-ROMs, Mac’s (Computers)

1. 知識構成主義 / Knowledge building

2. コミュニケーション環境としてのコンピューター / E-mail, chats, Synchronic & asynchronic communication

3. 試行錯誤する場 / trials and errors, sandbox, playroom

1. 閉じた課題 / Standalone isolated tasks

2. Drill, pattern-practice

1. 半分開いた教材 / Stand-alone half-isolated tasks

2. 穴埋め， Cloze, 並び替え，テキスト再構成など /Gap-fill, Cloze, Unscramble texts

1. 開いた課題 / Open ended task

2. リサーチ型学習 / Research based

3. 課題解決型学習 / Task based Learning

4. データ駆動学習 / Data driven learning ‘ 発見学習？“

* 境　一三 Sakai ( 2004) 　CALLの歴史とその今日的意義について, 「e-learning 公開講座」 , 2004年5月13 日慶應義塾大学日吉ITC. Available on the web Translation mine

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4. Classroom Research:Treatment & Control

+Treatment

+Control

-Control

InteractionAnalysis

ExperimentalResearch

ObservationMethod(KJ Method, Mindmap)

-Treatment

Adapted from the table in Sano(2000), 『アクション・リサーチのすすめ』 p. 204

ActionResearch

Jump to Questionnaire analysis

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5. Professional DevelopmentA

ctio

n R

esearc

h

Questions, Inquiries, Demands for changes, Belief systems, etc.

Plan: Problems to identify, Observation (Teacher's, Researcher's)

Hypotheses, Explanatory Questions

Data & Note collection, Protocols, Journals: (Teachers, students)

Analysis, Reflection, Action Changes, Public Reporting, Publishing

Return to Teaching Narrative Writing slide Jump to Questionnaire analysis

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6. Kinds of questions to pose

How can we focus onmeaning

rather than

forms?Learning English

vs.Learning about EnglishThe place of

grammar learning andcorrection.

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7. Kinds of further questions to pose (2)

Individual and autonomyIndividual and autonomyIndividual and autonomyIndividual and autonomy

How can we create “autonomous learning” environment with group work?

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communicative aspectsin classroom -

with or without the use of E-mails?

Group Dynamics to expect!?Group Dynamics to expect!?Group Dynamics to expect!?Group Dynamics to expect!?Return to KG20100512

8. Kinds of questions to pose (3)

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99.. Introduction - L2 Introduction - L2 writingwritingDichotomies/Dilemmas

Fluency and accuracyContrastive rhetoric debate Process vs. Product debate AssessmentFeedbackFeedback and error correctionerror correction

Casanave, Christine Pearson. (2004). Controversies in second language writing. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Univ. of Michigan.

Cornor, Ulla (2002). New directions in contrastive rhetoric, TESOL Quarterly, 36(4), pp. 494-510.

Hyland, Ken, & Hyland, Fiona. (Eds., 2006). Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sachs, Rebecca, & Polio, Charlene. (2007). Learners' uses of two types of written feedback on a L2 writing revision task, Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29(1), pp 67-100.

Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing. TESOL Quarterly, 19, 79-101.

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2006 - ▼ ◎ ○ ◎ ×

2007 - ▼ ○ ○ ○ △

- 2005 ○ △ ◎ × ×

2008 - ▼ △ ○ ○ ◎

1010.. BlogCastingBlogCasting****::WeblogWeblog☆☆ Projects – Projects – 2006 2006 ～～ 20082008

Paper Pencil

Email/ML

Blog /RSS

Text to Speech*

*Text to Speech (Assistive Technology) + ☆Weblog **BlogCasting =

Word-Processo

r

★Word Processing

★ Local Thin Client Web editor Cloud Computing

★

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1111.. Past and Current Past and Current

Project:Project: Email GradingEmail Grading

E-mail work Video - Separate

video output (OHC) Audio Recording

1) Yahoo site 認証必要

2) Mirror site (infoseek): some years with index only

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1212.. Past Projects: Past Projects: Video NarrativeVideo Narrative Project Project

Video Narration – Student’s audio in Final Project Student audio in MP3-shrt Local: audio file Web site: VoiceBlog site

Past Presentations: PPT in SWF

3/5/2007: Local file: KG030507-3.swf (3/5/2007): Drive HQ published folder

http://myasuda-foseek- bbs100106-s.html

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Weblog Projects: http://advcomp.wordpress.com/ Advcomp.wordpress.com/ RSS FEED mixer-project-2007/

Students Weblogs and comments Privacy protection with PINsAdvcomp.wordpress.com tag=classblog myasuda - my.land.to /treebbs/tree.php?n=470

Skip to 2007

Skip to 2008

1313.. Weblog Projects:Weblog Projects:since since 20062006 BlogCastingBlogCasting

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1414.. RSS (RSS (Rich Site Summary)Rich Site Summary) ReadersReaders

RSS ReadersMy Intro of RSS and

Podcasting for Students: Web site - Podcasting with RSS & WEB 2.0Local file: Podcastingrss.html

What is RSS? Video dotsub.com

/films/ - Captioned video site (ENG, FR, GER, JPN, etc.)

Skip to 2007

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1515.. WebWeblog Projects – log Projects – 20062006::

How to read students’ Blog threads: How to read students’ Blog threads: via via WEB Portal PageWEB Portal Page

http://protopage.com/ : : SPASPA ((CNET Single Page Aggregators))

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1616.. Additional Benefit: Additional Benefit: BlogCasting BlogCasting by RSS Mix & by RSS Mix & PodcastingPodcastingForum BBS in PHP

attb – myasuda“Feed2Podcast” –

2006 RSS mixing and audio generationHow to register RSS? Registering my WordPress blog site New feed (XML) to be created

http://atbb.jp/myasuda/?infoseek

But, No Longer Available! - 2007 Out of service! “Feed2Podcast”

Click to browse screen shots

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1717.. Text to SpeechText to Speech

Text to SpeechOne of Assistive TechnologiesStephen Hawking asks big questions

about the universe, at TED ConferenceTed Conference siteYouTube

Filmed Feb., 2008.

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1818. . Text to SpeechText to Speech Online Online ToolsTools

1. vozMe:Type or copy-paste the texts to convert to ‘Create MP3’ at a click!

2. Expressivo – You can listen to books, messages, RSS feeds, articles or even e-mails. You can easily create audio books on your mp3 player. Purchase needed

3. Cepstral - The text to speech conversion to the text into a WAV file. Purchase needed.

vozMe

Six Online Tools - Text to Speech tools you would not want to miss

TechDune - Tech News, Software & Hardware Reviews, Internet, Humor

Skip to RSS Mixing

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1919. . Text to SpeechText to Speech Online Tools Online Tools (2)(2)

4. Ivona Speech Synthesizer – Text to speech conversion tool online

5. SpokenText - SpokenText.net Converts & records to speech automatically:PDF, Word, plain text, PowerPoint files, RSS news feeds, emails and web pages.

6. Talkr – Converts RSS feeds into MP3 files

Text to Speech tools you would not want to miss (2)

TechDune - Tech News, Software & Hardware Reviews, Internet, Humor

Notes: ‘MacinTalk’ on Macintosh – has a longer

history on Text2Speech! Skip to

RSS Mixing

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“Feed2Podcast” No Longer Available! 2006 Out of service! “Feed2Podcast”

Configuring Widgets: Still images posted at PHP Forum site in 2007

Reactivated but gone again. Feed2Podcast setting images

Skip to 2007

2020.. BlogCastingBlogCasting: : RSS Mixing and RSS Mixing and PodcastingPodcasting

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Show time: Join05210700005.avi

Next slide

Show time: Join05210700008.avi

2121.. RSS Mixing (2):RSS Mixing (2):Podcasting with Podcasting with Vocal FruitsVocal Fruits

22

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2222.. BlogCasting: (1)BlogCasting: (1)WebWeblog Projects - log Projects - 20072007

RSS mixer with Text2Speech “Odiogo.com” “Talkr” (unstable)

My memos: PHP Forum site

Back

to 2006

Skip to 2008

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Students’ WordPress Blogs, via Odiogo.com HTML: iTunes and other RSS feeds via

Odiogo.com: Podcasts-html.php with Audio JAVA icons

Memos: PHP Forum: thread 313#313

Yes! Not only MP3 but also ---- Jet Audio -

Lyrics!! embedded in MP3

Play & view, on Jet Audio, iTunes, and iPods! - Awesome

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MP3 with Lyrics!!

Jet Audio - Embedded in ID tags via Jet Audio

Play & view, on Jet Audio, iTunes, and iPods! – Awesome!!

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RSS mixer with Text2Speech “Odiogo.com” The WordPress plug-in

instructions can be found here.

My memos: PHP Forum site

Back

to 2007

Local image file

Back to 2006


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KGLaw BlogCast 2008 “Odiogo.com” KGLaw BlogCast: Portal site

Back

to 2007

Local image file


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2727.. WebWeblog Projects – log Projects – 2009 & 20082009 & 2008::

How to read students’ Blog threads: How to read students’ Blog threads: via via WEB Portal PageWEB Portal Page

http://protopage.com/ : : SPASPA ((CNET Single Page Aggregators))

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KGLaw BlogCast 2008

Next slide

Local image file

Samples of text2Speech audio Advcomp – Education course kglawf81 – Freshmen 1st kglawf82 – Freshmen 2nd

kglaws81 – Sophomores

AdvComp - Online grading as admin of the server

2828.. BlogCasting: (3) BlogCasting: (3) WebWeblog Projects - log Projects - 20082008

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2929.. FeasibilityFeasibility: tasks & class size:: tasks & class size:Reflections from BlogCastingReflections from BlogCasting****::WeblogWeblog☆☆ Projects – Projects – 2006 2006 ～～ 20082008

*Text to Speech (Assistive Technology) + ☆Weblog **BlogCasting =★Word Processing

★ Local Thin Client Web editor Cloud Computing

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3030.. Summary: BlogCast Summary: BlogCast with RSS Mixing and Text2Speechwith RSS Mixing and Text2Speech

RSS MixerwithTextto

Speech

Playlist,Feed,

New XML

iPods,iTunes,

Presentations,Other

PodCasting sites

Next slide?

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3131.. Technology in Language Teaching Technology in Language Teaching and Learningand Learning

Figure 1 Range-of-Use Technology Chart Szecsy, Elsie M. "Technology in Language Teaching and Learning." Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education. 2008. SAGE Publications. 29 Mar.

2009. <http://www.sage-ereference.com/bilingual/Article_n313.html>. Source: EnGauge. Available from http:/ / www.ncrel.org/ engauge. Broken Link Copyright © 2006 Learning Point Associates. All rights

reserved. Reprinted with permission.

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CALL and Possibilities of Action Research:

A report on a five-year field study of enhancing large university EFL classes with CALL and Internet

technology

YASUDA, Masami, Kwansei Gakuin Univ.,

[email protected]

JALT First Annual Joint Tokyo Conference:

“Action Research - Influencing Classroom Practice”

Oct. 22, 2006. Tokyo

October 22, 2006Temple Ｕｎｉｖ .,

Tokyo

Action Research Slides from:

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33. Classroom Research:Treatment & Control

+Treatment

+Control

-Control

InteractionAnalysis

ExperimentalResearch

ObservationMethod(KJ Method, Mindmap)

-Treatment

Adapted from the table in Sano(2000), 『アクション・リサーチのすすめ』 p. 204

ActionResearch

Jump to Questionnaire analysis

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34. Questionnaire – Result 7/2004 - 2004 Spring Freshmen Classes

Excel file: ( n=12) Server: http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls

Local Excel file :

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35. Questionnaire – Result 7/2004 - 2004 Spring Freshmen Classes – Raw Scale Average Excel file: ( n=12) Server: http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls

Local Excel file :

Freshmen Eng. Spring '04- Myasuda both periods (N=12) Raw scales

3rd (N=4) & 4th period (N=8)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

_bothアンケート結果 3.83333 3.18182 3.25 2.54545 2.66667 2.91667 4.08333 3.58333 3.41667 3.41667 2.75 5 4.25 3.33333 3.16667 3.83333 4.08333 2

英語Ｉ乙１組３時限 3.25 3 3.25 2.5 2.75 2.5 3.75 3 3.5 3.25 2.75 5 3.25 3.75 2.75 3.25 3.75 1.75

英語Ｉ乙２組４時限 4.125 3.28571 3.25 2.57143 2.625 3.125 4.25 3.875 3.375 3.5 2.75 5 4.75 3.125 3.375 4.125 4.25 2.125

まとまり資料有益使い方が効果的

抽象的説明話し方

内容は興味

新しい知識や物事の見方

課題（発表、レ

ポート）

質問応答

助言を与え相談

理解度適切に対

応よく出席

意欲的に取り組ん

だ

ほかの学生に薦め

授業に満足

英語による講義

要約で訓練するのが斬新

模範解答を暗唱発表のほう

が

This shows what?

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36. Questionnaire – Result 7/2004 - 2004 Spring Freshmen Classes – Weighted Scores

評価段階 ( 5 point scale: 1-5, NA )

コメント comments

names weighted scale

1 全くそうは思わない Disagree strongly

weights_1 -1.0

2 そうは思わない Disagree little weights_2 -0.5

3 どちらともいえない Neutral weights_3 0.0

4 どちらかというとそう思う Agree little weights_4 0.5

5 そう思う Agree strongly weights_5 1.0 NA 不明・該当しない Not Applicable weights_9/NA 0.0

Excel file: ( n=12) Server: http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls

Local Excel file :

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37. Questionnaire – Result 7/2004 - 2004 Spring Freshmen Classes – Weighted Scores Excel file: ( n=12) Server: http://myasuda2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/JALT2005.f/QuestionnaireIZ07310both.xls

Local Excel file :

Freshmen Eng. Spring '04- Myasuda both periods (N=12)

3rd (N=4) & 4th period (N=8)Weighted Scale (- 1.0, - 0.5, 0, +0.5, +1)

-60.0%

-50.0%

-40.0%

-30.0%

-20.0%

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

_Wアンケート結果 41.7% 9.1% 12.5% - 22.7% - 16.7% - 4.2% 54.2% 29.2% 20.8% 20.8% - 12.5% 100.0% 62.5% 16.7% 8.3% 41.7% 54.2% - 50.0%

まとまり_W

資料有益_W

使い方が_W効果的

抽象的_W説明 _W話し方

内容は興_W味

新しい知識や物事

_Wの見方

課題（発表、レ

ポート）_W

質問応_W答

助言を与_Wえ相談

理解度適切に対

_W応

よく出席_W

意欲的に取り組ん

_Wだ

ほかの学生に薦め

_W

授業に満_W足

英語によ_Wる講義

要約で訓練するの

_Wが斬新

模範解答を暗唱発表のほう

_Wが

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38. New Assignment:VOA – GroundZero2006

0 0

86 7

9 8 7910

86

35

2 3 3 4

0 1 1 2 1 0

5

10

15

20

“x”

-100 102030405060708090 110

90

27

525

50

75

100

“x”

1-F

resh

men

2-S

ophom

ore

s

3-A

dv-

Com

p

度数 /n 割合 / ratio

1-Freshmen 90 0.74

2-Sophomores

27 0.22

3-Adv-Comp

5 0.04

合計 / total

122 1.00

平均 Mean 33.93% 標準偏差 SD 24.30 n= 103

Quia Quiz on Ground Zero2006 Quia Quiz on Ground Zero2006 storystory

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Grades % : Analysis of Variance – by Level

39. VOA – GroundZero2006 (2)

-100

102030405060708090

100110

ALL -

Gro

undZ

eo2006_%

1-Freshmen 2-Sophomores3-Adv-Comp

Level

‚·‚×‚Ä‚ÌƒyƒATukey-Kramer‚ÌHSDŒŸ’è0.05

要因 factors

自由度(df)

平方和(SS)

平均平方 F 値p 値

(Prob.>F)

Level 2 7048.904 3524.45

6.627 0.002***

誤差 / error 100 53183.620

531.84

全体 ( 修正済み )

102 60232.524

level nmea

nSD

1-Freshmen

71

29.58

2.74

2-Sophomore

s

27

39.63

4.44

3-AdvComp

5 65.00

10.31

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40. VOA: Assistive TechnologyFreshmen and Sophomores, 2010/

April

http://myasuda-web.hp.infoseek.co.jp/public_html/VOA-Technology030407.f/

VOA: Special English Program Cloze passage: Online drill Self-study, self-check Diagnostic online-quiz

the following week If failed, take-home quiz

with 20 % scores off

Web search, Topic: Assistive TechnologyShow & Tell Presentation (1 min.)Weblog thread: text2speech

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41. Online Quiz – VOA: Assistive Technology

Freshmen and Sophomores, 2010/04/29

http://www.quia.com/pages/myasuda.htmlhttp://www.quia.com/pages/masamisanfrancisco.html

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6. Descriptive Statistics - ALL-Sub-ONLY - 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

Local MS-Word doc

Local JMP folderShortCut to JMP-20100422.f

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43.Descriptive Statistics by ClassALL-Sub-ONLY- 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

45%

29%26%

F1 S1 S2

F1 S1 S2

44%

56%

１年 2 年

１年 2 年

44

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44. ANOVA by Class - ALL-Sub-ONLY- 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

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45. ANOVA by Class (2) - ALL-Sub-ONLY- 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

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46. ANOVA by Year - ALL-Sub-ONLY- 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

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47. ANOVA by Year (2) - ALL-Sub-ONLY- 1 年 & 2 年 ONLY - 20100429

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Attainment Tests in EFL at Law Dept.:Competency Tests for graduation

WritingListening (Stories, Lectures)

Automatic Essay Scoring My tentative proposal (jump to Yahoo 認証要 ) Pilot testing

英語の関学 vs. 関学の英語

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48. Curriculum Change Plans: Attainment Tests to install

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