KHẢO SÁT THIẾT KẾ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỀU KHIỂN THỔI BỤI LÒ HƠI CHO NHÀ MÁY NHIỆT ĐIỆN TRÊN NỀN SIMATIC S7-300 VanLuong.Blogspot.Com

7/31/2019 KHO ST THIT K H THNG IU KHIN THI BI L HI CHO NH MY NHIT IN TRN NN SIMATIC S7-300

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I HC THI NGUYNTRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

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LUN VN THC S K THUT

NGNH: T NG HO

TI:KHO ST THIT K H THNG IU KHIN THI BI L HI

CHO NH MY NHIT IN TRN NN SIMATIC S7-300

Hc vin: V MNH LAINgi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS NGUYN DON PHC

THI NGUYN 2009


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Sha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn

1

Li ni u

Ngy nay, cng ho nhp vi ch trng cng nghip ho hin i ho,

ngnh inng mt vai tr cho trong chin lc pht trin kinh t ca c

nc. Tuy nhin hin nay nng lngin sn xut v tiu dng cn thiu rtnhiu. Nh nc, chnh ph Vit Nam c rt nhiu phng n khc phc vn

ny nh trong quy hoch pht trin nng lngin chnh ph a ra danh

mc xy dng cc nh my nhitin, thuin v nng cp m rng cc nh

my in hin c.

c bit cng vi s hi nhp kinh t th gii cc khu cng nghip, ch

xut pht trin mnh, i sng nhn dn ngy cng cao do d ko theo nhu cu

s dngin tng t bin. V vy vic xy dng, nng cp cc nh my nhitinc chnh ph quan tm hng u nh : Xy dng mrng nh my nhit

in Ph Li 2, Ung B 2, Ninh BnhXy dng mi nh my nhitin Qung

Ninh 1, Qung Ninh 2, Cm Ph 1, Cm Ph 2, Mng Dng 1, Mng Dng 2,

Sn ng, Mo Kh

Song song vi vic xy dng cc nh my nhitin, thuin l vic bo

dng, sa cha, nng cp nh my in. H thngiu khin thi bi l hi cho

nh my nhitin l mt trong nhng h thngng vai tr quan trng bi thibiun duy tr cng sut hp th nhit ca cc ngng l hi, tng hiu

sut truyn nhit ca cc ngng sinh hi, nng cao tui th v nng sut l

hi. Do h thng iu khin thi bi l hi cho nh my nhitin nc ta hin

nay ph thuc vo k thut nc ngoi, gi thnh cao nn vic bo dng, sa

cha, thay th gp kh khn. V vy ti: Kho st thit k h thng iu

khin thi bi l hi cho nh my nhit in thay th h thng thi bi hin ti

trong tnh trng b hng hoc c ni phn mmiu khin khng khc phcc

cn phi lm bi lm c nh vy chc gi thnh s r hn m chng ta hon ch

ng trong vic bo hnh, sa cha m khng ph thuc vo chuyn gia nc

ngoi. Cng qua bn n ny c hon thnh, mong mun c th ty


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xy dngc mt h thng thi bi ti Vit Nam vicim k thut v gi

thnh hp l hn.

Trong thi gian lm lun vn, vi nhng kin thc c hc trong nh

trng cng vi ti liu tham kho, sch, tp chngoi chng trnh hc tp vc bit nh c s hng dn, gip tn tnh ca thy gio PGS.TS Nguyn

Don Phc, cc thy c trngi hc K thut Cng nghip Thi Nguyn, i

hc Bch khoa H Ni cng cc bnng nghip m ti hon thnh bn lun

vn ny. Tuy nhin do kin thc, kh nng cn hn ch nn khng th trnh khi

nhng thiu st, v vy ti rt mong nhnc nhng kinng gp cho bn

lun vn ny. Xin trn trng cmn !

Thi Nguyn, thng 3 nm 2009Tc gi

V Mnh Lai


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MC LC

LI NI U..........................................................................................................1

DANH MC HNH V...........................................................................................5

Chng 1: Nhng vn c bn ca l hi

1.1. Vai tr ca l hi trong nh my nhit in......................................................6

1.2. M t s lc c tnh k thut l hi, my thi bi nh my nhit in Ph

Li 2..........................................................................................................................8

1.3. Vai tr ca my thi bi trong nh my nhit in.........................................15

1.4. Nhim v ca h thng iu khin my thi bi.............................................17

Chng 2: My thi bi

2.1. M t chung my thi bi................................................................................182.2. M t cu trc my thi bi.............................................................................19

2.3. Gii thiu hot ng my thi bi...................................................................22

2.4. Thng s c chnh my thi bi......................................................................23

2.4.1. Thng s c chnh my thi bi ngn (Wall Blower-WB)..........................23

2.4.2. Thng s c chnh my thi bi di (Long Sootblower-LSB).....................25

2.5. Van iu khin v nguyn tc vn hnh..........................................................27

2.5.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng van ..........................................................272.5.2. Thit k s h thng van..........................................................................29

2.5.3. Chc nng cc van........................................................................................31

2.5.4. M t nguyn l vn hnh ca h thng van................................................33

2.6. B iu khin in truyn ng tuyn tnh Modat..........................................34

2.7. Cm bin (Sensor p v Sensor nhit).............................................................37

2.7. 1.Cm bin p sut (Sensor p kiu DMP 333)...............................................37

2.7.2. Cm bin nhit (Sensor nhit - PT100)...................................................39

Chng 3: Gii thiu PLC Simatic S7-300

3.1. M u.............................................................................................................43

3.2. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC S7-300...............................................................44

3.2.1. Gii thiu PLC S7-300.................................................................................44


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3.2.2. Gii thiu cc module PLC S7-300..............................................................44

3.2.3. Cu trc b nh CPU....................................................................................52

3.3. Phn mm STEP 7...........................................................................................54

3.3.1. Chc nng ca phn mm STEP 7...............................................................543.3.2. Ngn ng lp trnh........................................................................................54

3.3.3. Cc bc thc hin vit mt chng trnh iu khin.............................55

Chng 4: Thit k trm PLC, mch lc v chng trnh iu khin cho h

thng thi bi

4.1. Thit lp bi ton iu khin v trm PLC......................................................58

4.1.1. Nguyn tc hot ng v cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng thi bi........58

4.1.2. Cu hnh trm PLC.......................................................................................584.2. Ccu chp hnh v mch lc cho h thng thi bi.....................................61

4.2.1. C cu chp hnh..........................................................................................61

4.2.2. Mch lc cho h thng thi bi....................................................................63

4.3. Tng qut qu trnh hot ng v vn hnh.....................................................63

4.3.1. Gii thiu trnh t thi bi in hnh trong nh my nhit in...................63

4.3.2. M t qu trnh hot ng v vn hnh........................................................64

4.3.3. Vic kim tra thngthng thit b lm vic v thit b d phng..............654.3.4. Cc s c c th xy ra trong h thng thi bi - Tnh hung, nguyn nhn,

tn hiu lin ng - bo v, x l ca ngi vn hnh............................................67

4.3.5. Cc bin php an ton khi thi bi cc b mt trao i nhit l hi.............68

4.4. Chng trnh iu khin h thng bng phn mm Step 7..............................69

KT LUN.............................................................................................................70

TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................................71

PHC LC...........................................................................................................72


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DANH MC HNH V

Hnh1.1: Nguyn l cu to ca l hi v h thng vi thi bi

Hnh 1.2: Hnh nh my thi bi v nguyn l lm sch

Hnh 2.2: (a) Hnh nh my thi bi di; (b) my thi bi ngn.Hnh 2.3: ng c v hp gim tc

Hnh 2.4: Gi ng lao

Hnh 2.5: Gi v hp chn ng lao

Hnh 2.6: Van hi v c cu ng m

Hnh 2.7: Hnh nh my thi bi v van hi

Hnh 2.8: Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng van

Hnh 2.9: S h thng vanHnh 2.10: Hnh nh actuators modact MT

Hnh 2.11: Cu hnh ca actuator

Hnh 2.12: u cm bin p lc

Hnh 2.13: Cm bin o nhit loi PT100

Hnh 3.1: Nguyn l chung v cu trc ca mt biu khin logic kh trnh

H nh 3.2: Cu hnh cng ca trm PLC

Hnh 3.3: Hnh nh modul CPU ca PLC S7-300Hnh 3.4: Hnh nh modul ngun ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.5: Hnh nh module cng vo s ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.6: Hnh nh module cng ra s ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.7: Hnh nh module cng vo/ra s ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.8: Hnh nh module cng ra tng t ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.9: Hnh nh module FM ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.10: Hnh nh module CP ca PLC S7-300

Hnh 3.11: Hnh m t quy trnh thc hin chng trnh iu khin tuyn tnh

Hnh 3.12: Cu trc mt chng trnh c cu trc

Hnh 4.1: Thng s k thut ca modul SM 321 DI, SM 322 DO32xDC24V/0,5A.

Hnh 4.2: Cu trc trm PLC ca h thngiu khin th bi


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Chng 1: Nhng vn cbn ca l hi

1.1. Vai tr ca l hi trong nh my nhitin.

L hi l thit b trong xy ra qu trnh t chy nhin liu, nhit lng

ta ra s bin nc thnh hi, bin nng lng ca nhin liu thnh nhit nng cadng hi. L hi l thit b c mt gn nh trong tt c cc x nghip, nh my,

sn xut hi nc phc v cho qu trnh sn xutin nng trong nh my

in, phc v cho qu trnh un nu, chng ct cc dung dch, sy sn phm trong

qu trnh cng nghcc nh myTu thuc vo nhim v ca l hi trong sn

xut, ta c th phn lm hai loi sau:

Trong cc nh my cng nghip nh nh my ho cht, ng, ru, bia,

nc gii kht, thuc l, dt, ch bin thc phm, hi nc phc v cho qutrnh un nu, chng ct cc dung dch, c c v sy cc sn phmthng l

hi bo ho. p sut hi tng ng vi nhit bo ho cn thit cho qu trnh

cng ngh, loi l hi ny c gi l l hi cng nghip, c p sut hi thp, sn

lng nh.

Trong nh my in, l hi sn xut ra hi lm quay tuc bin, phc v

cho sn xutin nng, i hi phi c cng sut ln, hi l hi qu nhit c p

sut v nhit cao. Loi ny c gi l l hi nh my in. Nhin liuttrong l hi c th l nhin liu rn nh than, ci, b ma, c th l nhin liu lng

nh du nng (FO), du diezen (DO) hoc nhin liu kh.

Hnh 1.1 trnh by nguyn l cu to ca l hi tun hon t nhin trong

nh my in.

Nhin liu v khng khc phun qua vi phun s 1 vo bung la s 2,

to thnh hn hp chy v ct chy trong bung la, nhit bung la c

tht ti 19000C. Nhit lng to ra khi nhin liu chy truyn cho nc trong

dn ng sinh hi 3, nc tng dn nhitn si, bin thnh hi bo ho. Hi

bo ho theo ng sinh hi 3 i ln, tp trung vo bao hi s 5. Trong bao hi s 5,

hi c phn ly ra khi nc, nc tip tci xung theo ng xung 4 t ngoi

tng l ri li sang ng sinh hi s 3 tip tc nhn nhit. Hi bo ho t bao


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hi s 5 si qua ng gp hi s 6 vo cc ng xon ca b qu nhit s 7. b

qu nhit s 7, hi bo ho chuynng trong cc ng xon s nhn nhit t khi

nng chuynng pha ngoi ng bin thnh hi qu nhit c nhit cao hn

v i vo ng gp sang tua bin hi v bini nhit nng thnh cnng lmquay tua bin.

Hnh1.1. Nguyn l cu to ca l hi v h thng vi thi bi

1. Vi phun nhin liu 6. B qu nhit na bc x 13. Qut khi

2.Bungt 8. ng hi ln 14. Qut gi

3. Phu tro lnh 9. B qua nhiti lu 15. Bao hi

4. y thi x 10. B hm nc 16. ng nc xung

5. Dn ng sinh hi 11. B sy khng kh 17. ng gp

6. B qu nhit bc x 12. B kh bi

My thi bi di

My thi bi ngn


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1.2. M t slcc tnh k thut l hi, my thi bi nh my nhitin

Ph Li 2.

L hi nh my nhitin Ph Li 2 thuc loi l mt bao hi, tun hon

t nhin, thng gi cn bng, bung la thi x kh, qu nhit trung gian mt cpv p lc di ti hn, ph hp cho vic lpt ngoi tri. L hi c thit k

t than bt vi h thng phun than trc tip (khng c kho than bt trung gian v

cc my cp than bt).

- c tnh k thut ca l hi ph ti cc i v nh mc nh sau:

TT Ch tiu thit kn v Tr s

BMCR RO

1 Lu lng hi qu nhit t/h 921,76 875,572 p lc bao hi kg/cm2 189,4 187,5

3 Nhit bao hi 0C 360 359

4 p lc hi qu nhit kg/cm2 174,6 174,1

5 Nhit hi qu nhit 0C 541 541

6 Lu lng hi qu nhit trung gian t/h 814,86 776,9

7 p lc hi vo b qu nhit trung gian kg/cm2 44,81 42,81

8 Nhit hi vo b qu nhit trung gian 0C 348,1 344,1

9 p lc hi ra b qu nhit trung gian kg/cm2 42,71 40,71

10 Nhit hi ra b qu nhit trung gian 0C 541 541

11 p lc nc cp vo b hm nc kg/cm2 192,8 190,7

12 Nhit nc cp vo b hm nc 0C 262 259

13 Nhit nc cp ra b hm nc 0C 291 288

14 Tiu hao nhin liu kg/h 131,119 125,257

15 Tng cc tn tht % 11,63 11,5

16 Hiu sut l % 88,37 88,5


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- Nhin liu chnh l than antraxite t 5 m than khc nhau c trn ln

theo 1 t l nh sau: Than Cm Ph + Hn Gai l 40 %, than Mo Kh + Trng

Bch l 40 %, than Vng Danh l 20 %. Bnh thng khi t than theo thit k, l

hi c kh nng gim ti ti 6 0 % ph ti cc i ca l hi m khng cn phikm du.

- c tnh k thut ca than nh sau:

TT Ch tiu phn tch K hiu Tr s

1 m lm vic Wlv 9%

2 Cht bc lm vic Vlv 4,8%

3 tro lm vic Alv 30,32%

4 Cc bon c nh Cc 55,58%5 m trong Wt 1,9%

6 Cc bon lm vic Clv 56,5%

7 Hydro lm vic Hlv 1,415%

8 Nit lm vic Nlv 0,58%

9 Lu hunh lm vic Slv 0,5%

10 xy lm vic Olv 1,69%

11 Nhit tr cao Qc 5080 Kcal/kg

12 Nhit tri thp lm vic Qtlv 4950 Kcal/kg

13 H s nghin HGI 66

14 C ht - 0 - 18 mm

15 T trng - 1,05 t/h

- Du FO c s dng khi ng l, n nh khi chy km v h tr

khi ngng l bnh thng. Cc loi du FO c th s dng c l du s 4, s 5,

s 6 theo quy nh phn cp ca ASTM. Khi ch t du, c th nng cng sut l

hi ti 30 % ph ti cc i.


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- c tnh k thut ca du nh sau:

TT Ch tiu cht lng n v Tr s

1 Nhit tr cao Kcal/kg 10.000 10.600

2 T trng tai nhit 15oc Tn/lt 0,96 0,97

3 nht ti 1000C cst 5 20

4 i m chp chy 0C 66

5 im ng c 0C -20 +26

6 Lu hunh % 0,3 - 0,5

7 Nit % -

8 Cc bon % 86 90

9 Hyro % 10 12

10 Hm lng nc % 0,05 2

11 Hm lng tro % 0,01 0,1

- Bung t c cu to t cc dn ng sinh hi. Cc ng sinh hi c

hn vi nhau bng cc thanh thp dt dc theo 2 bn vch ng to thnh cc dn

ng kn. Cc dn ng sinh hi tng trc v tng sau gia to thnh vai l,

pha di to thnh cc phu tro lnh. Pha trn bung t, cc dn ng sinh hi

tng sau to thnh phn li kh ng. Trn b mt ng sinh hi vng rng ca

bung t t di vai l ti trn phu lnh c gn gch chu nhit to thnh

vng ai t bo v b mt ng.

- n nh tun hon, cc dn ng sinh hi c chia thnh 20 vng tunhon nh. T bao hi, nc theo 4 ng ng nc xung, phn chia i vo 20

ng gp di trc khi vo cc dn ng sinh hi. Hn hp hi nc bc ln t cc

dn ng sinh hi tng 2 bn l tp trung vo cc ng gp trn 2 bn sn trn l,

t cc dn ng sinh hi tng trc tp trung vo cc ng gp trn tng trc v


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t cc dn ng sinh hi tng sau tp trung vo cc ng gp trn tng tng sau

ca l. T cc ng gp ny hn hp hi nc i vo bao hi bng 50 ng ng

ln.

- Theo chiu ra ng khi, pha trn bung t v trn ng khi nmngang b tr ln lt cc b qu nhit cp 2, b qu nhit cui cng, v phn sau

ca b qu nhit trung gian. Phn ng khi i xung c chia thnh 2 ng,

trc v sau, c phn cch bi dnng phn cch u vo b qu nhit cp 1.

ng trc t phn u b qu nhit trung gian, ng sau t b qu nhit cp

1. Lu lng khi i vo 2 ng ny c th iu chnh c nh cc tm chn

in - thu lc trn ng khi ra sau b hm nc.

- Pha di b qu nhit trung gian v b qu nhit cp 1 l b hm nc.B hm nc thuc loi cha si, c cnh tn nhit v chia thnh 2 phn. Mt

phn t di b qu nhit trung gian cn phn kia t di b qu nhit cp 1. Ra

khi b hm nc, dng khi chia u thnh 2 ng i vo 2 b sy khng kh

kiu quay, hi nhit.

- H thng vi t ca mi l hi bao gm:

+ 4 vi t du khi ng b tr tng trc pha trn phu tro lnh. Cc vi ny

ch s dng khi khi ng l hi t trng thi lnh.+ 16 vi t du chnh b tr xen k vi cc vi t than bt trn cc vai l, 8 vi

pha trc v 8 vi pha sau. Chng c s dng bt chy cc vi t than bt,

h tr khi l chy km, khi ngng l bnh thng v khi ng l hi t cc trng

thi m, nng v rt nng.

+ 16 b vi t than bt loi t chc xung (Downshot) b tr u trn cc vai l

trc v sau, chng bao gm 16 b phn ly dng cyclone, phn ly hn hp than

bt - gi cp 1. Phn ln dng than bt c phn ly xung di ti 32 vi t

chnh pha trong vai l, cn li dng hn hp than bt qu mn thot ra khi b

phn ly pha trn s ti 32 vi t ph pha ngoi vai l.

- H thng nghin than cho 1 l hi gm 4 my nghin bi, loi 2 u kp,

sy v vn chuyn than bt bng gi nng cp 1. Nng sut ca my nghin m


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bo than bt cho l hi vn hnh ph ti cc i, lin tc, k c trong trng

hp ch 3 my nghin lm vic.

- Mi l hi c trang b 2 b sy khng kh quay hi nhit, 2 b sy

khng kh dng hi, 2 qut gi ch nh, 2 qut gi cp1 v 2 qut khi. Chng cb tr theo s h thng lm vic song song. Mi thit b c cng sut lm vic

ti thiu bng 50% cng sut ca h thng.

- Hai b lc bi tnh in c trang b cho mi l, chng c t sau b

sy khng kh quay hi nhit v pha trc qut khi. Chng lc bi trong khi

m bo nng bi thp hn 100 mg/m3trc khi thi ra mi trng.

- Sau cc qut khi, mi l hi c lp t mt h thng kh S02 trong

khi ( FGD). H thng FGD c nhim v lm gim hm lng S02 trong khixung < 500 mg/m3trc khi thi ra mi trng. Mt ng khi i tt qua h

thng FGD c kh nng cho i tt 100% lng khi thot ra t l hi m bo

cho l hi vn vn hnh bnh thng khi h thng FGD khng lm vic.

- L hi p dng phn ly hi dng cyclone. Bao hi loi khng phn ngn,

ng knh trong 1830 mm, chiu di phn song song 14100 mm v chiu dy

trung bnh 180 mm. Mc nc trung bnh trong bao hi cao hn so vi ng trc

hnh hc bao hi l 51 mm.- Trong bao hi lp t 98 b phn ly hi dng cyclone thnh 3 hng, 1

hng pha trc v 2 hng pha sau. Hn hp hi nc t cc ng ng ln i vo

cc cyclone, ti y n c c phn ly xung di vo khoang nc, hi c

phn ly ln trn vo khoang hi ca bao hi v bc hi theo cc ng hi bo

ho sang b qu nhit.

- m bo cht lng hi bo ho trc khi sang b qu nhit, trong bao

hi trang b 2 cp ra h i, cp th nht l cc tm l t ngay trn cc cyclone,

cp th 2 l cc tm ca chp t trn nh bao hi trc cc u vo ng ng

hi bo ho.

- B qu nhit ca l hi thuc loi na bc x, na i lu. Theo ng

hi ra, b qu nhit bao gm cc b mt chu nhit sau y:


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Dn qu nhit trn. B qu nhit hp. Vch phn cch u vo b qu nhit cp 1 B qu nhit cp 1. B qu nhit cp 2. B qu nhit cui cng. iu chnh nhit hi qu nhit, s dng 2 cp gim n loi hn hp.

B gim n cp 1 t gia b qu nhit cp 1 v b qu nhit cp 2, b gim n

cp 2 t gia b qu nhit cp 2 v b qu nhit cui cng. Nc phun gim n

c ly t u y bm cp l hi.

- L hi c trang b 1 b qu nhit trung gian tng nhit hi trc

khi vo phn trung p ca tua bin. 1 b gim n loi hn hp c t trn ng

ti nhit lnh (u vo b qu nhit trung gian) iu chnh nhit hi ra khi

b qu nhit trung gian theo ng yu cu.

- L hi c lp t mt h thng thi x y l loi nh k, kiu t,

dung tch thuyn x l 75 m 3, cha c x trong khong 6 gi ng vi cng sut

cc i ca l hi. Mt h thng thi tro bay bao gm cc phu tro bay b sy

khng kh, cc phu tro bay b lc bi tnh in, h thng ht tro chn khng v

cc sil cha tro bay.

- lm sch cc b mt trao i nhit, l hi c trang b cc thit b thi

bi nh sau:

i vi cc dn ng sinh hi bung la, dng vi thi bi ngn c th coli (Loi IR-3D ca hng Diamond Power International inc) , b tr xung

quanh l.

i vi cc b qu nhit, b qu nhit trung gian, b hm, b sy khngkh, dng vi thi bi loi di (Loi IK-545 ca hng Diamond Power

International inc), b tr tng 2 bn.


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- gim st bung la, 6 b camara c lpt, 4 b 4 gc l, 2 b 2

tng bn phu tro lnh y l. Cc thit b gim st ngn la b tr cnh tng vi

t, cc ca thm xung quanh l...

- c tnh k thut cc vi thi bi:Nh ch to Diamond Power International inc

* Loi vi thi bi IR-3D

V tr lp t Bung la

S lng 20

S l phun 01

ng knh l 25,4mm

p lc th i 14,0 kg/cm2

Gc quay 3600C

Vn tc quay 2,5V/pht

Thi gian/chu trnh thi 19,9 pht

Lu lng hi/chu trnh th i 556kg

Vt liu u vi phun ZG 45 Cr14 N 135 Mn 2

* Loi vi thi bi IK-545

V tr lp t gia b qu nhit cp 2

S lng 02

S vi phun 02

ng knh vi phun 25,4mm

p lc thi 16,7 kg/cm2

Tng hnh trnh 9812mm

Hnh trnh th i 9508mmTc hnh trnh 0,0417m/s

Helic (ng xon c) 100mm

Thi gian/chu trnh thi 15,4 pht



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Vt liu u vi INCOLOY 925

V tr lp t Pha trn ca b qu nhit cp 2

S lng 02

S l phun 02ng knh l 31,75mm

p lc thi 15,6 kg/cm2

T ng hnh trnh 9812mm

Hnh trnh th i 9508mm

Vn tc hnh trnh 0,0417m/s

Helix (ng xon c) 100mm

Thi gian/chu trnh th i 15,4 pht


Vt liu u vi phun B&W 6330

1.3. Vai tr ca my thi bi trong nh my nhitin.

Khi t nhin liu rn c cha cc khong cht th trn b mt chu nhit s

c cc lp tro x tch t. Tu theo v tr tch t m tro xc chia lm 3 loi: Tro

x ca cc dn ng trao i nhit bc x, tro x ca b mt trao i nhit na bc

x v tro x ca cc b mt trao i nhiti lu. Da vo bn chc m cc

lp tro x tch t c th chia lm 4 loi: Tro, x xp, x chc v x chy. Qu trnh

to thnh cc lp tro x tch t trn b mt chu nhit nh sau: u tin hnh thnh

lp tch t nguyn thu, lp ny ln dn ln do c thm tro bi bm vo, nhit

ca lp ny gn bng nhit khi vng , tip n xut hin lp th cp c

dng nh rng lc v lp ny pht trin ln, tc l bng x. khc phc s

tch t tro x trn b mt trao i nhit th l hi ca nh my nhitin trang b h

thng thi bi. H thng thi bic thit k lm sch cc b mt ngoi ca

cc ng (sinh hi) tng bung la, b qu nhit, b hm, b sy khng khm

bo khng c tro x tch t (xem hnh 1.2).


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Hnh 1.2. Hnh nh my thi bi v nguyn l lm sch

Do khi c hm lng bi cao v nhit ln, nn cc dn ng trao i

nhit d b bm bi. Cc vi thi bic thit k thi bi t qu trnh chy vlm cho chng phn tn trong dng khi. Thi biun l cn thit duy tr

cng sut hp th nhit ca cc ngng l hi v trnh s lin kt ca x

c hnh thnh qua cc b mtng v trnh tng trlcng khi. tc

iu ny, cc vi thi bic vn hnh tng theo nhm hoc ring r bng b

iu khin logic c th lp trnh (PLC) trong tun t, m tun t ny duy tr b mt

ng pha ngoi c sch trong gii hn cho php.

Vic cung cp hi cho cc vi thi bic ly tng gp u vo ca bqu nhit cui cng v c gim p bng van cung cp hi thi bi. p lc hi

cho mi vi thi bi c thciu chnh ring bng 1 biu chnh p lc trn

mi van thi. u vi thi bi xuyn qua tng l hi m li ngn chn khi

thot ra mi trng ni lpt vi thi bi th l hi ca nh my nhitin trang

b mt hp chn c tc dngiu p, kh chn c ly t qut gi chn vi thi

bi.

Thng l hi ca nh my nhitin trang b h thng thi bi gm 2 loivi thi bi:

- Loi vi thi bi ngn c th co lic (c lpttng bung la)

- Loi vi thi bi di c th co lic (c lptb qua nhit, b hm, b

sy)


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1.4. Nhim v ca h thngiu khin my thi bi

H thngiu khin my thi bi l mt h thng rt quan trngnh hng

ti cht lng hot ng v hiu sut ca l hi. Nhim v ca h thng iu

khin l iu khin my thi bia vi thi v hi thi vo l hi lm b mtng pha ngoi ca cc ng sinh hi trong gii hn cho php. tciu

ny, h thngc thit k thc hin cc yu cu sau:

- iu khinng cng mvan

- iu khinng cmy thi bi

- m bo tt c cc thng chnh ca qu trnh (p sut, nhit hi thi,

thi gian ...) duy tr trong thi gian an ton.

- iu khin phi hp cc thnh phn phic thc hin tngiukhin my thi bi v van cp hi cho my thi theo s thay i ca ph ti.

- Cc vng iu khin s tng thot khi ch tng s nhy v ch

vn hnh bng tay v ra thng bo s c tu thuc vo tnh trng li xy ra nh

lib phn chp hnh, li truyn tn hiu v cc tn hiu bo v.

- Cc mun chp hnh in c cc cng tc trong bng vi cc iu kin

logic bo v v tt bt cc tn hiu, kh nng kho thit bng lc khi c ni

ngun.- Kh nng iu khin ph hp thit bng lc trong iu kin khc nghit

nht.

- Gim st lch v d phng h thng truyn tn hiu.


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Chng 2: My thi bi

2.1. M t chung my thi bi

My thi bi l mt phn ca h thng l hi, nhng b mtt nng b

bm bnc lm sch trong qu trnh hotng ca l hi. Cc my thi biciu chnh theo cc iu kin vn hnh trong h thng l hi. Mi my thi

bic thit k ring theo yu cut ra:

+ S b tr

+ p sut khi l

+ Nhit khi l

+ Hnh dng b mt lm sch

+ Cc thng s mi cht lm sch+ Cc yu cu viu khin

My thi bic nhiu hng trn th gii sn xut vi nhng cng ngh

c th ring nhng v cu to, nguyn l c bn u nh nhau, bao gm cc

thnh phn chnh nh: ng c v hp gim tc, vi thi bi (ng lao), gi v

hp chn ng lao, van hi v c cu ng m Hnh 2.1 m t cu to, nguyn

l cbn ca my thi bi, hnh 2.2 l hnh nh my thi bi di v my thi bi

ngn.

Hnh 2.1: M t cu to, nguyn l cbn ca my thi bi

M

Van tay

Hi thi

Vi thi bi

ng cmy thi

Cng tc hnh trnh


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a. My thi bi di (LSB)

b. My thi bi ngn (WB)

Hnh 2.2

2.2. M t cu trc my thi bi

ng cv hp gim tc l mt khi lin, kiu kn, ton b hp gim tc

c bi trn du v c mt du theo di mc du bi trn.

Cm chuyn ng quay lm quay my thi khi khi ng, kiu chuyn

ng bnh rng, trccbng cc vng bi, m bo s chuynng chnh

xc, khng mc kt, khng gy n.


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Sau hp gim tc l trc chnh, h truynng kiu trc vt v ai c. H

truynng ny lm tnh tin c cm my, m bo s chuynng chnh xc,

khng n.

Hnh 2.3: ng c v hp gim tc

ng dn hng: ton b cm bnh rng v hp sc lp trn mt tm

chung. C hai ng dn hngc lp cho nhau, nm gia hai tmtrc v

sau, gip cho vic dnng cho vi phun v cm chuynng dch chuynng

hng, ma st ti thiu.

ng lao v vi thi: Vt liu cang lao v vi thi lm t thp hp kim

m bo cho my thi bi hotng trong mi trng nhit cao ti hng nghn. Gicthai pha, mt trn tmpha trc, mt trn tmchung

di ng. Nh vy gim tia ma st khi quay v tnh tin, tng kh nng chng

rung u phun.

Hnh 2.4: Gi ng lao


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ng cp hi, giong v bch chn: Bch chn v giong va chuc nhit

cao ca hi v p sut cao, m bo kn hi trong qu trnh thi. cht c th

iu chnh nhcp bu lng vt hai bn.

Hnh 2.5: Gi v hp chn ng lao

ng cp gi chn: i vi trng hp my thi bit l hi c p

sut dng, n c lp thm b phn dn gi chn, bao gmngng v van

cu gt tay gn hp ni tng l. N lun thi vo l vi mt p sut ln hn p

sut trong l, va c tc dng khng cho khi l r ra ngoi va c tc dng lm

mt hp ni tng l.

Hnh 2.6: Van hi v c cu ng m


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Van hi, van x, ccung m, ccuiu chnh p sut cho php ngi

s dng chnh p sut theo yu cu thc ttng v tr lpt. Thn van c lm

t thp hp kim m bo hotngmi trng p sut v nhit cao. Ccu

ng mc lp trn thn van, c kt cu cam v cnh tay n. Van ng mthng qua hnh trnh ca my thi v cc cng tc gtt trn mt thanh dc hnh

trnh. Ton b my thic che kn chng bi bm, khng c hin tng mc

kt khi hotng, thit bc m km, chng han r, c bn cao.

Hnh 2.7: Hnh nh my thi bi v van hi

2.3. Gii thiu hotng my thi bi

My thi bi khi hotnga u thi c gn vi vo l hi theo hng

trc, ng thi xoay xung quanh trc ca n. Nh vy u thi thc hin mt

chuynng xonc. Cc b mtct nng trong l c lm sch nhmi

cht thi ra tu vi (mi cht l hi ly tng gp u vo ca b qu nhit

cui cng). Mc tiu hao mi cht thi ph thuc vo cc thng s thit k: p

sut mi cht thi, s vi thi, ng knh vi thi, thi gian thi


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2.4. Thng s c chnh my thi bi (Nh sn xut Rosink).

2.4.1. Thng s c chnh my thi bi ngn (Wall Blower-WB)

STT c tnh1 S SX

S theo KKS

R0307011

WB

2

Cc iu kin ca khi

Nhit khi max 1000 0C

3 Mi cht thi hi

Nhit lm vic 400 0C

p sut lm vic 44 barp sut th i xut 10 bar

Nhit max 400 0C

p sut scp max 44 bar

p sut thi max 16 bar

Mc tiu th 29 Kg/pht

T ng tiu th 260 Kg

4 Cc thng s vn hnh

Chiu di hnh trnh 3800

Gc thi 3600

Thi gian chy 5,7 pht

Thi gian th i 5,1 pht

5 Cc kch thc chnh

Di 1415 mmRng 575 mm

Cao 650 mm

Khong cch trng tm n tng

l

-904 mm


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Trng lng 350 kg

6 ng thi

ng 88,9 x 993 mm

u vi 2 x 16 mmVt liung th i 253MA

Vt liu vi th i 1.4742

7 Hp tng l

Loi

Chiu di 170 mm

8 Van thi

ng knh DN80

p sut PN100

Vt liu thn van GS17CrMo55

Ki u vn hnh C kh

9 ng c v hp gim tc

Nh sn xut KOB

Ki u G2.2BDL71G42.WEC1Ki u lp B14/1800

in p 230/400 V

Tn s 50 Hz

Cng sut 0,37 KW

Vn tc 28 v/ph

Cp bo v IP55

Du bi trn USA VG220Lng du 500 cm3

10 Cng tc hnh trnh

Nh sn xut Schmersa

M sn xut Z4PH-335-11Z


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Chc nng ng O OS

in p lm vic 500 V

Dng chu max 4 A

Cp bo v IP6711 Gi chn

p sut

Khi l +5 mBar

2.4.2. Thng s c chnh my thi bi di (Long Sootblower-LSB)

STT c tnh

1 S SX

S theo KKS

R0307021

LSB1

2 Cc iu kin ca khi

p sut dng

Nhit khi max 1000 0C

3 Mi cht thi hi

Nhit lm vic 400 0C

p sut lm vic 44 bar

p sut th i xut 10 bar

Nhit max 400 0C

p sut scp max 44 bar

p sut thi max 16 bar

Mc tiu th 10 bar 57,3 Kg/pht

T ng tiu th 10 bar 292 Kg4 Cc thng s vn hnh

Chiu di hnh trnh 3800

Gc thi 3600

Thi gian chy 5,7 pht


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Thi gian thi 5,1 pht

5 Cc kch thc chnh

Di 5530 mm

Rng 550 mmCao 743 mm

Khong cch trng tm n tng l -3650 mm

Trng lng 1000 kg

6 ng thi

ng 88,9 x 4963 mm

u vi 2 x 22,5 mm

Vt liung th i 1.7335

Vt liu vi thi 1.4742

7 Hp tng l

Loi

Chiu di 300 mm

8 Van thi

ng knh DN80p sut PN100

Vt liu thn van GS17CrMo55

Kiu vn hnh C kh

9 ng c v hp gim tc

Nh sn xut KOB

Ki u G2.2BDL71G42.WEC1

Ki u lp EL1in p 230/400 V

Tn s 50 Hz

Cng sut 0,75 KW

Vn tc 7,6 v/ph


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Cp bo v IP55

Du bi trn USA VG220

Lng du 2600 cm3

10 Cng tc hnh trnhNh sn xut Schmersa

M sn xut Z4PH-335-11Z

Chc nng ng O OS

in p lm vic 500 V

Dng chu max 4 A

Cp bo v IP67

11 Gi chn

p sut

Khi l +5 mBar

2.5. Van iu khin v nguyn tc vn hnh

2.5.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng van

H thng van lm vic theo chu trnh lm vic ca h thng thi bi v

c iu khin bng h thng iu khin PLC. Chu trnh thi bi c iu

khin bng h thngiu khin vi thi bi, btu mvan hi ring v van x,

tip theo mvan u vo ca hi thi bi chnh nhn hi v sym tt c cc

ngng, ncngc x ti bnh x l hi.

Khi nhit cang xco bng phn t nhit (cm bin nhit

) tng tiimt th van x ncngng li v ncng sau s chy

ti bnh x ca l hi thng qua ngng nh. Nu mc nc ngng tng n

ni m nhit tiu x gim th van x mt ln na m x bt nc ngng.

T nguyn tc thi bi trn th nguyn l lm vic cbn ca h thng van (hnh

2.8)


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Hnh 2.8: Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng van

Lnh

yu cu thibi

Mvan x ncng

iu kin p sut,nhit hi thi

S c

ng h thng van vbo dng

Khng c

C

Mvan gimp cp hi chom thi

Mvan u vo hithi, mvan thi bichnh syngng vi thic

H thng thi bi

trng thi chlm vic

Hi thi bi


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2.5.2. Thit ks h thng van

Trm van c vai tr gim p sut ca hi c ly t bao hi xungn p

sut cn thit ph hp cho h thng thi bi. Trong qua trnh s dng n c th

iu khin t xa thay i t l gim p i vi p sut hin hnh ca hi. Trntrm van cn lp cc sensnhit v sensp lc, gip cho h thng thi biiu

khin hon thin khi cc thng s v nhit v p sut vt qu phm vi cho

php. Trm c h thng xng trnh h hi mi khi khing chu trnh thi,

van an ton x p nhanh khi p lc tng nhanh qu mc gii hnngng cho

php. tt c cc chc nng u c thiu khin t xa v khi c s c c th

iu khin ti ch bng tay. Trong trng hp c s cvan gim p, h thng

vn c th s dngc nhng r nhnh, p sutc gim hai ln nhhaivan trn nhnh ny. Cc thng s v p sut, nhit ca hi sau gim p c

hin th trn Panel iu khin. Cc van in c th iu khin trn Panel iu

khin hoc ti ch bng tay.


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Hnh 2.9: S h thng van

2.3 AS- thp

2.42.7

2.8 AS- thp2.7 AS-cao

2.1 2.52.6

2.9

2.10

2.11

Hi n mythi bi

Hi t bu nhit

2.2 AS-cao

ng gi chn

ng hi

My

thibi di(LBS)

My

thibi

ngn

WB


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2.5.3. Chc nng cc van

V tr van Chc nng Trng thi m Trng thi ng

2.1

Van in trcchnh

ng ng ng

chnh khi van gimp c s c, cho

php s dngng

r nhnh qua cc

van 2.7 v 2.4

- Sau khi cc van 2.7

; 2.8 x ncngv cng li.

- Khi h thngng

ng btuc sy

nng v cc my thi

bi bt u mt chu

trnh lm vic

- Sau khi kt thc

mt chu trnh lmvic ca cc my

thi bi.

- Khi van gim p

c s c, phi

dng ng r

nhnh thay th tm

thi.2.4

Van in

nhnh r

Cng vi cc van

2.6; 2.7 c tc dng

gim p v cung cp

hi cho cc my

thi bi khi van

gim p 2.5 c s

c.

- Khi phi s dng

ng r nhnh thay

th cho cc van gim

p.

- Sau khi cc van 2.7

; 2.8 x ncng

v cng li.

- Khi h thngng

ng btuc sy

nng v cc my thi

bi bt u mt chu

trnh lm vic

- Sau khi kt thc

mt chu trnh lm

vic ca cc my

thi bi.

- Khi van gim p

hot ng bnh

thng.

2.2

Van in x

ng p sut

cao AS cao

X nc ng theo

chng trnh, iu

khin t xa trn t

iu khin v ti

ch.

- Khi x ncng. - Ngay sau khi x

ncng.


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2.3

Van in x

ng p sutthp AS

thp

X nc ng theo

chng trnh, iu

khin t xa trn tiu khin v ti

ch.

- Khi x ncng. - Ngay sau khi x

ncng.

2.11

Van an ton

Bo v an ton cho

ton h thng thi

bi khi p sut tng

ti mc nguy him.

- X hi khi p sut

trong ngng tng

qua mc t trc

(40 at)

- Trong tt c cc

trng hp p sut

trong ng ng

thp hn mc x.

2.5

Van gim p ,

iu chnh

Gim p, c iu

chnh, c tn hiu

kh hi 4 20 mA

- Trong sut mt chu

trnh lm vic ca cc

my thi bi.

- Khi kt thc mt

chu trnh lm vic

ca cc my thi

bi.

2.6

Van tay trc

chnh

ng ng cp t

bao hi n trm

van khi trm van

cn sa cha.

- Khi trm van hot

ng khng s c

- Khi trm van c

s c cn dng

sa cha.

- Khi trm van

ngh khng hot

ng di hn.

2.7

Van tay x

ng p sut

cao AS cao

X nc ng khi

van in 2.2 c s

c.

- Khi van in 2.2

hot ng bnh

thng.

- X nc ng khi

van in 2.2 c s c

- Ngay sau khi x

nc ng trong

lc van in 4.2 s

c.

- Trong khi ng

ng c hi.


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2.7

Van tay

nhnh r

Cng vi cc van

2.6; 2.4 c tc

dng gim p vcung cp hi cho

cc my thi bi

khi van gim p

2.5 c s c.

- Khi phi s dng

ng r nhnh thay

th cho van gim p.- Sau khi cc van 2.7 ;

2.8 x nc ng

v cng li.

- Khi h thng ng

ng bt u c sy

nng v cc my thi

bi bt u mt chutrnh lm vic

- Khi van gim p

hot ng bnh

thng.

2.8

Van tay x

ng p sut

thp AS

thp

X nc ng

khi van in 2.3

c s c.

- Khi van in 2.3 hot

ng bnh thng.

- X nc ng khi

van in 2.3 c s c

- Ngay sau khi x

ncng trong lc

van in 2.2 s c.

- Trong khi ng

ng c hi.

2.9

Sen sp lc

o p lc hi,

truyn tn hiu

ln tiu khin

2.10

Sen s nhit

o nhit hi,

truyn tn hiu

ln tiu khin

2.5.4. M t nguyn l vn hnh ca h thng van

Hi c p sut cao t bao hi ca vo qua ngng khi van tay 2.6

m. Ty hi ciu chnh gim p sut xungn p sut theo yu cu phc

v cho mcch thi bi bng mt trong hai ng: th nht l qua van chn 2.1


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ri qua van gim p 2.5, th hai l mvan tay 2.7 ri qua van 2.4 y van 2.7 c

nhim v iu chnh p sut. Tuy nhin ng th hai ch l ng d phng

dng khi ng th nht c mt van no gp s c hay khi bo dngng

ng, van trn ngng chnh. Trn ngng cp hi chnh sau khi hi qua van2.1 ng thi x hm nng ngng qua van 2.2 ( theo mt thi gian t trc),

van iu p 2.5 mkhi p suttc gi tr ph hp, van x 2.3 ng li v khi

my thi c th btu lm vic. Cc thng s v s bini ca p sut, nhit

c cc cm bin nhit v p suta v tiu khin x l v tin

hnh iu chnh cho ph hp h thng c th lm vic bnh thng.

Song song vi h thng hi cn c h thng gi chn. Gi chn c ly t

h thng qut gi cp ca l qua h thng gi chn n cc my thi bi nhmmcch khng cho khi l i ngc ra ngoi qua cc khe hm bo an ton

cho h thng v cho ngi vn hnh. Gi chn khng yu cu p sut cao m ch

cnm boc p sut ca n ln hn p sut khi l mt lng khong 5Mbar

l .

2.6. B iu khin in truyn ng tuyn tnh Modat.

- Gii thiu chung: Cc van in c iu khin thng qua b iu khin

in truyn ng tuyn tnh modat. Loi actuator MODACT MT c thit kcbit cho iu khin van v cc thit b khc ph hp vi tnh nng ca n v c

bit cho vic chuyn ng o chiu tuyn tnh. Cc actuator ny c th c

dng trong cc mchiniu khin t xa. Actuator iu khin MODACT MT

vi biu khinnh v c th hotng trong mchiniu khin tng.


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Hnh 2.10: Hnh nh actuators modact MT

- Thng s k thut:

in p cp cho ng c 230V/400V-50Hz (hoc c ghi trn nhn mc ca

ng c).

Cp bo v cang cin IP54.

Ting n: mcn p lc tia (A) - Mcn ngunin tia (A) 95dB (A).

V tr vn hnh: Loi actuator MODACT MT c th s dng trong miiu kin

min l trc ca ng c in phi c t theo phng nm ngang. Trong

nhng trng hpng cin hng ln trn, du bi trn c cho thm

m bo bnh rng ng cbi trn. Cc actuator cn phic lptni c

th d dng vi tic hpiu khin, hpu dy v phniu khin bng tay.

Miu t: V kha cnh cc kch thcu ni cbn th cc ng cc thit k

ni trc tip vi van. Actuator c ni vi van bng cc ct theo tiu chun

CSN EN ISO 5210 hoc bng cc ct v mt mt bch (ch vi thit k phi tiu

chun MT40).


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Vic truynng t thanh ko ca actuator ti van, actuator c mt khp

ni. Kiu A (vi ren trong) Hoc kiu B (vi ren ngoi).

- Cu hnh Actuator:

ng ckhng ng b 3 pha 1 c truynng qua bnh rng trci,bnh rng hnh trnh ca cm bnh rng vi sai c trong hp ca actuator (truyn

ng chnh) 3 . ch truynng chc, bnh rng crown ca cm bnh rng

hnh trnh c giv tr chc chn bng bnh rng vt t hm. V lng 4 c

ni vi bnh rng vt, cho php iu khin bng tay ngay c khi ng c ang

chy.

Trc rngu ra c ni khp cnh vo b mang bnh rng hnh trnh.

Trc ra ca Actuator c ko di n ccu chuyni tuyn tnh 11, n ochiu quay ca trc thnh chuynng thng ca thanh ko. Trc ra ni vo hp

iu khin 5, trong cc thit biu khin ca actuator c xpt tp trung,

bao gm cc cng tc hnh trnh.

Hnh 2.11: Cu hnh ca actuator


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Ch thch:

1. ng ckhng ng b 3 pha2. Hp bnh rng trc gia3.

H bnh rng truynng

4. V lng5. Hpiu khin6. V hpiu khin7. Hpu dy - vi thit k c hpu dy8. V hpu dy9. Hpu dy - vi thit k c b KBNS10. ng kp cp iu khin11. Ccu trt thng12. Nm m13. Mng xng chng bi14. Hpu dy cho ng c15. Biu khin ti ch16. - Biu khin chng kho2.7. Cm bin (Sensor p v Sensor nhit)

2.7.1. Cm bin p sut (Sensor p kiu DMP 333)

Hnh 2.12: u cm bin p lc


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- Khi qut:

Cm bin p lc DMP 333 c thit kc bit cho thit b thu lccc iu

kin vn hnh khc nghit. Cc yu cu ca my mc, thit b ca nh sn xuti

vi s tin cy, chc chncpng tiu.- Cc thng s k thut chnh

STT c tnh

1 p sut danh ngha PN (bar) 0 60

2 Qu p (bar) 140

3 Tn hiuu ra 2 dy 4 20 mA

4 chnh xc theo IEC 60770Yu tnh hng

- Ngun

- Gy ti

- Tc ng nhit, nhit 0700C

0,35 FSO

0,05 % FSO/10V

0,05 % FSO/k

1,0% FSO

5 Bo vin

- in trcch in- Bo v ngn mch

- u dy nhm

- Bo v qu p

- Tng thch in t: s pht ra theo EN

50081-2, s khng theo EN 50082-2

- Sai s trng trng RF 10V/m

- Sai s vi dng RF cmng

> 100 MThng xuyn

Khng gy hng

-120150 V DC

0,5% FSO

0,5% FSO

6 Di nhit

- Mi cht -251250C


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- in t / mi trng

- Xp kho

-25850C

-401200C

7 nnh chc

- rung- Xc

10 g PMS (202000 Hz)100/11 ms

8 u niin

- Quy chun IP 65

- La chn IP 67

- La chn IP 68

Phch cm DIN43650

Sri 723

Bulgin

9 u ni chc

- Quy chun- La chn

G 1/2 DIN 3852G 1/2 DIN EN 837-1/-3

10 Vt liu

- Cng p lc

- V

- Mng

- Giong

- Phn bt

Thp khng r 1.4571

Thp khng r 1.4305

Thp khng r 1.4404

NBR

Cng p lc, mng giong

11 Dng tiu th < 25 mA

12 Trng lng khong 140 g

13 V tr lpt Bt k

14 Tui th . 100 x 106 chu k

2.7.2. Cm bin nhit (Sensor nhit - PT100)

uo PT100

Viuo PT100 v b chuyni: dng cho vico t xa, ghi nhn v cnh bo

nhit.


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Loi c v bao Loi khng c vHnh 2.13: Cm bin o nhit loi PT100

- Thng s k thut Sensor nhit - PT100

Phm vi o - 60 400 hoc 6000C

Phm vi o c b chuyni - 40 600C , 0 1800C , 0

4000C, 0 6000C

Lnh vc s dng Dng cho nhit cao, c bngu dy u, cho tn hiu 4

20 mA

Nhitu A1: -10 1500C

Nhitu (bng cht do): -10 1300C

u c b chuyni: -25 800C

Ph kin V bao E2, mingp, giong E3

kn IP54 theo CSN EN 60529 IP54 theo CSN EN 60529 khi

c lp v baoMi trng Mi trng c chtn mn, kh, m nhiti c sn mn

ca kh hu

in tr o 1 x PT100, 2 x PT100

Cp chnh xc A, B theo CSN IEC 751.C


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Gy ti dng n 5 mA

Thi gian phn

hi nhit

Khong 10 giy trong nc

c v bao

Khong 3 giy trong nc

khng v bao

u dy 4 dy sen skp, 2 dy sen sc b chuy n iKh nng chng

rung

V2 theo CSN 18002, 10 chu k

Dng trong lnh vc cng nghip, nng lng v giao thng

( rung d kin trn 55 Hz)

Vt liu u kim loi l hp kim nhm

u cht do l Norylu, v bao t thp khng r 17248

B chuyn i dng dng cho sen-s PT100

- c tnh:

u vo: - PT100 vi 3 hay 2 u dy

- Phm vi o: -100 +600 0C

- u ra: Tn hiu dng 4 20 mA

Np bng mch dng khp kn

Hin tht dy hay on mch dy dn

Kiu: - t trong u, kn IP 00

- t trn gi DIN, kn IP20

- M t b chuyn i dng

B chuyn dng PT/I dng nh ph kin cho sen-snhit PT100. N c

dng chuyn cc tn hiu ca sen-sthnh tn hiu dng chun 4 20 mA, to

iu kin cho vico nhitkhong cch xa. B chuyn dng cho sen-sc

ba u dy, song cng c th dng cho loi hai u dy.

S con mch hay t dy c hin th bng gi tr dng nm ngoi

phm vi o.

Phm vi o ca b chuyn c th chnh tu theo phm vi o ca sen-s

PT100.


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B chuyn dng PT/I khng yu cu ngun cpc bit, nng lng cn

thit ly t mch dng kn. N cu vo mch ny m khng bnh hng do

s phn cc cain p.

Thit b c cpc lp trc tip ln u ca sen-snhit (kiu H) haylp trong hp nha trn gi DIN (kiu L).

- Thng s k thut

u vo PT100 vi ba u dy hoc hai u dy

Phm vi o Min -100 n max 600 0C

Dng ca sen-s 0,8 mA

u ra 4 20 mA, pasive, unipolare

in p 10 36 V

chnh xc 0,1 %

Sai s khng tuyn tnh 0,05 %

Ph thuc nhit 0,04 %/0C

Ph thuc in p 0,02 %/V

nh hng ca in tr gy ti 0,02 %/100

Dng ti a trong mch 34 mA (khi t dy)

Dng ti thi u trong mch 3,6 mA (khi on mch)

iu kin mi trng Nhit -30 n +80 0C, m 80%

Phng php ni dy Cu ni, cdy 0,32 2,5 mm2


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3.1. Mu

Thit b iu khin lgic kh trnh (Programmable Logic Control) vit tt l

PLC, l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin sthng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, m ta khng cn phi thc hin cc thut ton

trn cc mch s. Nh vy vi vic c chng trnh cha trong mnh, PLC

thc s l mt biu khin s nh gn, d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao

i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh (vi cc PLC khc hoc vi my tnh).

Ton b chng trnh iu khinuc ghi trong b nhca PLC di dng

cc khi chng trnh nh (khi OB, FB hoc FC). Chng trnh c thc hin

lp theo chu k ca vng qut (scan). PLC c th thc hinc mt chng trnh iu khin, tt nhin PLC

phi c tnh nng nhmt my tnh, ngha l phi c khi vi x l (CPU), hiu

hnh, b nh lu chng trnh iu khin, d liu v phi c cc cng vo ra

trao i d liu v giao tip vi cc i tngiu khin.

Hnh 3.1: Nguyn l chung v cu trc ca mt biu khin logic kh trnh

CPU

B nh chn trnh

B mvo / ra

Khi vi xl trung

tm+

H iuhnh

Timer

Counte

Bit c

Cng vo ra

onboard

Cng ngt vm tc cao

Qu l ghp ni

Bus ca PLC


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Do c trng ca PLC l thit b iu khin lgic kh trnh nn ch yu thc

hin cc bi ton iu khin s nh vy s rt hn ch v vy PLC cn c b

xung thm cc khi chc nng c bit khc nh b m thi gian (Timer), b

m (Counter), cc cng vo ra tng t v nhng khi hm chuyn dng khc.3.2. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC S7-300

3.2.1. Gii thiu PLC S7-300

S7-300 l PLC c va ca hng Siemens , gm module CPU v cc module

c sp xp trn cc thanh ray (rack). Mi rack cha nhiu nht 8 module (tr

module CPU v module ngun), mi CPU lm vic nhiu nht vi 4 rack.

H nh 3.2: Cu hnh cng ca trm PLC

3.2.2. Gii thiu cc module PLC S7-300

* Module CPU: Module CPU c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh,

cc b Timer, Counter, cng truyn thng RS485 v c th mt cng vo ra s.

Cc cng vo ra s trn module CPU gi l cng vo ra OnBoard. Trong PLC

S7-300 c nhiu loi module CPU khc nhau, t tn theo b vi x l: CPU 312,

313, 314, 315, 316, 318. CPU c thm cc hm chc nng c gi tn IFM

(Integrated Function Module), CPU c cng ni mng phn tn gi l DB.

Trong h thng s dng module CPU 314 c k hiu: 6ES7 314-1AE01-0AB0

+ Module ny c:

- Vng nh lm vic :24KB


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- Thi gian x l 1 khi lnh:0.3ms/KAW

- S dng trong ni mng MPI

Hnh 3.3: Hnh nh modul CPU ca PLC S7-300

* Module ngun PS : Module ngun cho S7 -300 bin i tn hiu u vo220(110)AC thnh tn hiu 24v DC , PS ca S7-300 gm c 3 loi:

Hnh 3.4: Hnh nh modul ngun ca PLC S7-300

+ PS 307-10A

6ES7 307-1KA00-OAAO

Vo 120/230vAC; Ra 24vDC/10A


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+ PS 307 5A

6ES7 307-1EA00-OAAO


+ PS 307 2A6ES7 307-1bA00-OAAO


* Module IM: Module IM (Interface module): Module ghp ni, y l loi

module chuyn dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc module m rng li vi nhau

thnh mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt module CPU. Cc module m rng

c gn lin vi nhau trn mt thanh Rack. Trn thanh ny gn c nhiu

nht 8 module m rng (khng k CPU v ngun nui). Mt module CPU ca S7-300 c th lm vic trc tip vi 4 rack cn S7-400 th c th lm vic vi 8 rack.

Module IM ca S7-300bao gm cc loi sau:

+ IM 360 IMS

-6ES7 360-3AA00-0AA0

-6ES7 360-3AA01-0AA0

+ IM 361 IMR

-6ES7 361-3CA00-0AA0

-6ES7 361-3CA01-0AA0

+ IM 365 IMS-R

-6ES7 365-0AB80-0AA0

-6ES7 365-0AB81-0AA0

+ IM 365 IMS-R

-6ES7 365-0AB0-0AA0

-6ES7 365-0AB1-0AA0

* Module m rng SM ca S7 -300: Module SM (signal module):Module m

rng cng tn hiu vo ra:

- Module DI (Digital Input): Module m rng cc cng vo s, s cc cng vo

c th l 8, 16, 32 tu tng loi module. Ta c mt s loi module sau:


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+ SM 321 DI16 24VDC

6ES 7321-7BH00-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:16(24VDC

+ SM 321 DI16(48 n 125 VDC6ES7 321-1CH80-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:16(48 n 125 VDC

+ SM 321 DI16 AC120V

6ES7 321-1EH01-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:16(120VAC

+ SM 321 DI16 DC24V

6ES7 321-7BH80-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:16(24VDC

+ SM 321 DI8 AC120/230V

6ES7 321-1FF10-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:8(120/230 VDC

+ SM 321DI4 Manue,Ex

6ES7 321-7RD0-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:16(24DC

Hnh 3.5: Hnh nh module cng vo s ca PLC S7-300


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- Module DO(Digital Input): Module DO l module m rng cc cng ra s, s

cc cng ra s m rng c th l 8, 16, 32 tu tng loi module , c cc loi DO

sau:

+ SM 322 DO16 AC120V/0.5A6ES7 322-1EH01-0AB0

in p vo cng DO l:16(120VAC/0.5A)

+ SM 322 DO16 RelAC120V

6ES7 322-1HH00-0AB0

in p vo cng DO l:24VDC/2A,120V/2A

+ SM 322 DO16 RelAC120V/230V

6ES7 322-1HH01-0AB0

in p vo cng DO l:16 Rel24VDC/2A,120V/2A,230V/2A

+ SM 322 DO32 AC 120V/1A

6ES7 322-1EL00-0AB0

in p vo cng DI l:32(120VAC/1A

Hnh 3.6: Hnh nh module cng ra s ca PLC S7-300

- Module DI/DO: L loi module m rng cc cng vo ra s, s cc cng vo ra

s c th l 8 vo, 8 ra hoc 16 vo, 16 ra ty tng loi module. C cc loi sau:


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+ SM 323 DI16/DO16 24V/0.5A

6ES7 323-1BL00-0AB0

in p vo cng DI/DO l:DI16(24+DO16(24V/0.5A

+ SM 323 DI8/DO8 24V/0.5A6ES7 323-1BH00-0AB0

6ES7 323-1BH01-0AB0

6ES7 323-1BH02-0AB0

6ES7 323-1BH80-0AB0

in p vo cng DI/DO l:DI8(24+DO8(24V/0.5A

Hnh 3.7: Hnh nh module cng vo/ra s ca PLC S7-300

- Module AI (Analog Input): Module AI(analog input):l loi module m rng

cc cng vo tng t. N l nhng b chuyn i t ng t s 12 bit tc l mi

tn hiu tng t c chuyn thnh mt tn hiu s c di 12 bit. S cc cng

vo tng t c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu tng loi module.

- Module AO (Analog output): Module AO l module m rng cc cng ra

tng t. Chng l nhng b chuyn i s tng t (DA). S cc cng tng t

c th l 2 hoc 4 ty tng module.


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Module AO bao gm rt nhiu loi. V d nh:

+ 6ES7 332-5TB00-0AB0

Analog output module AO2x0/4 to 20mA

+ 6ES7 332-5HB00-0AB0Analog output module AO2/12 bits,

+ 6ES7 332-5HB81-0AB0

Analog output module AO2/12 bits,

+ 6ES7 332-5HB01-0AB0

Analog output module AO2/12 bits

+ 6ES7 332-5RD00-0AB0

Analog output module AO4x0/4 to 20mA, 15 bits, [EEx ib]

+ 6ES7 332-5HD00-0AB0


+ 6ES7 332-5HD01-0AB0


+ 6ES7 332-7ND00-0AB0

Analog output module 4AO/16 bits

Hnh 3.8: Hnh nh module cng ra tng t ca PLC S7-300


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- Module AI/AO: L module m rng cc cng vo /ra t ng t. S cc cng ra

tng t c th l 4vo/2ra hoc 4 vo/4ra ty tng loi module. Module AI/AO

bao gm rt nhiu loi. V d nh:

+ 6ES7 334-0KE00-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/12 bits + 2AO/12 bits+ 6ES7 334-0KE80-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/12 bits + AO2/12 bits

+ 6ES7 334-0CE00-0AA0: Analog I/O module AI4/8 bits + 2AO/8 bits, non-

isolated, not for configuration with active bus submodules

+ 6ES7 334-0CE01-0AA0: Analog I/O module AI4/8 bits + AO2/8 bits

+ 6ES7 335-7HG00-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/14 bits + 4AO/12 bits

+ 6ES7 335-7HG01-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/14 bits + AO4/12 bits

e. Module chc nng FM (Function Module): Module c chc nng iu khinring, v d module iu khinng cbc, module iu khinng cservo,

module PID, module iu khin vng kn

Hnh 3.9: Hnh nh module FM ca PLC S7-300

g. Module CP (Communication): module phc v truyn thng trong mng gia

cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia cc PLC vi my tnh.


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Hnh 3.10: Hnh nh module CP ca PLC S7-300

3.2.3. Cu trc b nh CPU

B nh ca S7- 300 c chia lm 3 vng chnh:

1. Vng cha chng trnh ng dng. Vng nh chng trnh c chia thnh3 min:

- OB (Organisation bok) Min nh chng trnh t chc

- FC (Funtion): Min nh chng trnh t chc thnh hm c bin hnh thc

trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n.

- FB (Funtion blok): Min nh chng trnh con, c t chc thnh hm c

kh nng trao i d liu vi bt k mt khi chng trnh no khc. Cc d liu

ny phi xy dng thnh mt khi d liu ring (gi l DB Data blok)

2. Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng, c phnchia thnh 7 min khc nhau, bao gm

- I (Process image input): Min cc d liu cng vo s. trc khi bt y thc

hin chng trnh, PCL s c gi tr logic ca cc cng u vo v ct gi trong

vng nh I. Thng thng chng trnh ng dng khng c trc tip trng thilogic ca cng vo m ch ly d liu ca cng vo t b nh I.

- Q (Process image output): Min b nh m cc cng ra s. Kt thc giai

on thc hin chng trnh, PCL s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc


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cng ra s. thng thng chng trnh khng trc tip gn gi tr ti cng ra m

ch chuyn chng vo b m Q.

- M: min cc bin c. Chng trnh ng dng s dng vng nh ny lu

gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp theo bits (M), bytes (MB), t (MW)hay t kp (MD).

- T: Min nh phc v b thi gian (Timer) bao gm vic lu tr gi tr thi

gian t trc (PV Preset value), gi tr m thi gian tc thi (CV Current

value) cng nh gi tr logic thi gian ca b thi gian

- C: min nh phc v b m (Counter) bao gm vic lu tr gi tr t trc

(PV Preset value) gi tr m tc thi (CV Current value) cng nh gi tr

logic thi gian ca b m- PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc Module tng t (I/O External intpu t). Cc

gi tr tng t ti cng vo ca Module tng t s c module c v chuyn

t ng theo nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PI

theo tng bytes (PIB), tng t (PIW) hoc theo tng t kp (PID).

- PQ: Min a ch ra cho cc module tng t. chng trnh ng dng c th

truy nhp min nh PQ theo tng bytes (PQB), tng t (PQW) hoc theo tng t

kp (PQD).

3. Vng cha cc khi lng d liu c chia thnh 2 loi.- DB (Data blok): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. kch thc

cng nh s lng khi do ngi s dng quy nh ph hp vi tng bi ton iu

khin. chng trnh c th truy nhp min ny theo tng bits(DBX), bytes(DBB),

bytes (DBW) hoc t kp (DBD).

- L (Local data blok) Min d liu a phng, c cc khi chng trnh OB,

FC, FB t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu cu bin

hnh thc vi nhng khi lng chng trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt s d

liu trong min nh ny b xa khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng trong OB, FC,

FB. Min ny c th truy nhp t chng trnh theo bits (L), bytes (LB), t (LW)

hoc t kp (LD).


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3.3. Phn mm STEP 7

3.3.1. Chc nng ca phn mm STEP 7

- Khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC thuc h Simatic S7-300/400

- Xy dng cu hnh mng gm nhiu trm PLC S7-300/400 cng nh th tctruyn thng gia chng.

- Son tho v ci t chng trnh iu khin cho mt hoc nhiu trm.

- Quan st vic thc hin ch ng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g ri

chng trnh.

Ngoi ra Step 7 cn c c mt th vin y vi cc hm chun hu ch,

phn tr gip Online rt mnh c kh nng tr li mi cu hi ca ngi s dng v

cch s dng Step 7, v c php lnh trong lp trnh v xy dng cu hnh cngca mt trm, ca mt mng gm nhiu trm PLC

3.3.2. Ngn ng lp trnh

Cc loi PLC ni chung thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v

cc i tng s dng khc nhau. PLC Step 7-300 c 3 ngn ng lp trnh c bn

l:

- Ngn ng lit k lnh -STL Statement list. y l dng ngn ng lp trnh

thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu cu lnh theo mtthut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung Tn

lnh + ton hng.

- Ngn ng hnh thang LAD (ladder logic). y l dng ngn ng ha

thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic.

- Ngn ng hnh khi FBD (function block diagram). y cng l ngn ng

ha dnh cho ngi c thi quen thit k mch iu khin s.

Ngn ng STL bao hm c ngn ng LAD v FBD, t LAD hoc FBD c

th chuyn sang c dng STL nhng ngc li th khng. Trong STL c nhiu

lnh khng c trong LAD hay FBD.


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3.3.3. Cc bc thc hin vit mt chng trnh iu khin

- Khai bo phn cng:

Bc 1: Vo SIMATIC manager /File /New(Vo mt Project mi ).

hoc vo File/Open( Vi trng hp m mt Project c sn).Bc 2: Vo Insert/Station/Simatic 300-Hardware.

Bc 3: Kch p vo Hardware-Simatic 300(1).

+ Rack- Rail

+Chn ngun PS thch hp

+ Chn CPU

+Chn SM: DI; DO; DI/DO; AI; AO; AI/AO.

Trng hp khng mun khai bo cu hnh cng m i ngay vo chngtrnh ng dng, ta chn : Insert/ Program/S7 Program.

Chng trnh cho S7 -300 c lu trong b nh c a PLC vng dnh

ring cho chng trnh v c th c lp vi 2 dng cu trc khc nhau.

- Lp trnh tuyn tnh (linear programming):K thut lp trnh tuyn tnh l

phng php lp trnh m ton b ch ng trnh ng dng s c h nm trong mt

khi OB1. K thut ny c u im l gn, rt ph hp vi nhng bi ton iu

khin n gin, t nhim v.

Hnh 3.11: Hnh m t quy trnh thc hin chng trnh iu khin tuyn tnh


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Do ton b chng trnh iu khin ch nm trong khi OB1, nn khi OB1

s gn nh l c thng trc trong vng nh Work memory, tr trng hp khi

h thng phi x l cc tn hiu bo ngt. Ngoi khi OB1 trong vng nh Work

memory cn c min nh a ph ng( Local Block ) cp pht cho OB1 v nhngkhi DB c OB1 s dng.

- Local Block ca OB1 : Khi thc hin khi OB1, h iu hnh lun cp mt

Local Block c kch thc mc nh l 20 Bytes trongWork memory OB1 c

th ly c nhng d liu t h iu hnh. Mc d kch thc ch l 20 Bytes

mcnh, nhng ngi s dng c th m rng local block s dng thm cc

bin nh cho chng trnh. Tuy nhin, phi rng do loacl block c gii

phng cui mi vng qut v c cp li u vng qut sau, nn cc gi tr ctrong local block c a vng qut trc cng b mt khi bt u vng qut mi. Do

, tt nht ch nn s dng local block cho vic lu gi cc bin nhp tm thi

trong tnh ton ca mt vng qut. Cch s dng local block ging vi s dng

vng bin c M( Bit memory)

- Lp trnh c cu trc: Phng php lp trnh c cu trc (Structur e

Programming): l phng php lp trnh m ton b chng trnh iu khin

c chia thnh cc khi FC hay FB mang mt nhim v c th ring v cqun l chung t nhng khi OB (xem hnh 3.12). Kiu lp trnh ny rt ph hp

cho bi ton iu khin phc tp, nhi u nhim v cng nh cho vic sa cha, r

ri sau ny .

PLC S7 300 c 4 loi khi c bn:

- Loi khi OB(Organization Block) : l khi t chc v qun l chng trnh iu

khin nh: OB1, OB35, OB40

- Loi khi FC(Program block ): l khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring

ging nh mt chng trnh con hoc mt hm nh: FC1, FC2

- Loi khi FB( Function block): l loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i mt

lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc. Cc d liu ny phi c t

chc thnh khi d liu ring - Data Block: FB1 ,FB2


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- Loi khi DB(Data Block ): l khi d liu cn thit thc hin chng trnh.

Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi DB nh: DB1, DB2

Trong OB1 c cc lnh gi nhng khi ch ng trnh con theo th t ph hp vi

bi ton iu khin t ra.Mt nhim v iu khin con c th c chia nh thnh nhiu nhim v

nh v c th hn na, do mt khi chng trnh con cng c th c gi t

mt khi chng trnh con khc.iu cn ch l khng bao gi mt khi

chng trnh con li gi n chnh n. Ngoi ra, do c s hn ch v ngn x p ca

cc module CPU nn khng c t chc chng trnh con gi lng nhau qu s

ln m module CPU c s dng cho php.V d nhi vi module CPU 314

th s lnh gi lng nhau nhiu nht c th cho php l 8. Nu s ln gi lngnhau m vt qu con s gii hn cho php , PLC s t chuyn sang ch STOP

v t c bo li.

Hnh 3.12: Cu trc mt chng trnh c cu trc

OB

Ogranization

Block

FB FC

FB FB

SFB

SFC

DBDB

DB

DB


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Chng 4: Thit k trm PLC, ccu chp hnh v mch lc cho h thng

thi bi

4.1. Thit lp bi ton iu khin v trm PLC.

4.1.1. Nguyn tc hotng v cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng thi bi.+ Qu trnh iu khin hot ng h thng thi bi theo nguyn tc sau:

- iu khin h thng van cp hi cho my thi bi (ciu khin bng tay v

iu khin tng).

- iu khin h thng my thi bi (c iu khin bng tay v iu khin t

ng).

+ Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng van hi:

- ng ciu khin van hi.

- Cng tc gii hn ca van (Sensor gii hnu v gii hn cui).

- Van hi iu khin bng tay.

- Van an ton.

- Cm bin nhit o nhit ca hi.

- Cm bin p lco p lc hi.

+ Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng my thi bi.

- ngciu khin my thi bi.

- Cng tc gii hn ca my thi (Sensor gii hnu v gii hn cui).

+ Cc thnh phn chnh lp trn Panel iu khin.

- Nt n v cng tc chuyn mch.

- n hin th trn panel iu khin.

- CONTACTOR, AC-3 4KW/400V, INC, DC24V

4.1.2. Cu hnh trm PLC.T s lng cc thit b trong h thngiu khin thi bi ta c cu hnh trm PLC

theo s lngu vo, u ra nh sau:

+ Modul ngun, s lng 01

+ Modul CPU, s lng 01

+ Modul u vo s, s lng 02

+ Modul u ra s, s lng 02

+ Ngoi ra cn s dng b ngun cung cp cho mchiu khin.


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Cc thit b ca trm PLC theo thng s sau:

- Modul ngun loi: PS 307-10A

K hiu: 6ES7 307-1KA00-OAAO

Thng s k thut chnh:Vo 120/230vAC; Ra 24vDC/10A- Modul CPU loi: CPU 314

K hiu: 6ES7 314-1AE01-0AB0

Thng s k thut chnh:

- Vng nh lm vic :24KB

- Thi gian x l 1 khi lnh:0.3ms/KAW

- S dng trong ni mng MPI

- Modul vo s DI loi: SM 321 DIxDC24V

K hiu: 300 321-1BL00 v theo thng s k thut sau:

- Modul ra s DO loi: SM 322 DO32xDC24V/0,5A

K hiu: 300 322-1BL00 v theo thng s k thut bng sau:


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Hnh 4.1: Thng s k thut ca modul SM 321 DIxDC24V, SM 322

DO32xDC24V/0,5A.


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Cu trc trm PLC iu khin h thng thi bi l hi nh my nhit in

theo cu trc sau:

Hnh 4.2: Cu trc trm PLC ca h thngiu khin thi bi

4.2. Khi chp hnhv mch lc cho h thng thi bi.

4.2.1. Ccu chp hnh.

TT M tHng sn

xutM s

S

lng

1

SIMATIC S7-300, PS 307 POWER

SUPPLY, WIDE RANGE 10A, IN

120/230vAC, OUT 24vDC/10A DC

SIEMENS

AG

6ES7307-

1KA00

- 0AA0

1

2 SIMATIC S7-300, CPU 314-MPISIEMENS

AG

6ES7 314-

1AE01-0AB01

3

SIMATIC S7-300, SM 322,

DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE

OPTIC, ISOLATED, 32DO

SIEMENS

AG

300 322-

1BL002

4

SIMATIC S7-300, SM 321,

DIGITAL INPUT MODULE

OPTIC, ISOLATED, 32DI

SIEMENS

AG

300 321-

1BL002


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5 SIMATIC S7-300, UR0 RACKSIEMENS

AGRAIL 1

6

CONTACTOR, AC-3 4KW/400V,

INC, DC24V, 3POLE, SIZE S00,SCREW CONNECTION

SIEMENS

AG

3RT10161-

1BB42 31

7 ACTUATORSSIEMENS

AG

MODACT

MT5

8

CIRCUIT BREAKER 0,9... 1,25A

N- RELEASE 10A, SIZE S00,

MOTOR PROTECTION, CLASS

10, SCREW CONNECTION

STANDARD BREAKING

CAPACITY

SIEMENS

AG

3RV1011-

0KA15 15

9

AUXILIARY SWITCH,

LATERALLY FIT. 2NO, F,

CIRCUIT BREAKER, SIZE

SIEMENS

AG3RV1901-1E 5

10

N-TYPE AC/DC MIN CIRC-BREAKER AC 230/400DC 220V,

4,5KA C CHARACTER, SINGLE

POLE, 6A

SIEMENS

AG5SX51067 2

11 OPERATOR PANEL VIET NAM 1

12

3-P MAIN CTR/EM-STOP

SWITCH IU=16, P/AC-23A AT

400V, 7,5KW FRONT MOUTING

MAIN HOLE MOUNTING

ROTARY ACTUATOR

RED/YELLOW

SIEMENS

AG

3LD2054-

0TK531

13

COMPLETE UNIT, ROUND

KNOB, I-O-II, MAINTAINED

CONTACT BLACK, 1NO

SIEMENS

AG

3SB3202-

2KA111


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14

COMPLETE UNIT, ROUND PUSH

BUTTON WITH FLAT PUSH

BUTTON BLACK, NO

SIEMENS

AG

3SB3201-

0AA112

15AUXILIARY CONTACT F,RETROFIT TG 2NO, FOR 5SX2-5

N-TYPE M.C.B.S

SIEMENS

AG5SX9101 1

4.2.2. Mch lc cho h thng thi bi (xem phn phc lc).

4.3. Tng qut qu trnh hotng v vn hnh

4.3.1. Gii thiu trnh t thi bi in hnh trong nh my nhitin:

1/ chu trnh thi bi bt u th cc vi thi bi phi v tr c rt ra, ngi

vn hnh chn phng thc vn hnh.

2/ Trnh t sy m bt u bng vic m cc van u vo ca hi

3/ Van hi thi bi (chnh) m hi bt u sy m ng ng cc vi thi bi

c chn. Nc ngng c x thng qua ng ng x ti bnh x l hi

4/ Khi nhit im t ca phn t o nhit TE u x t c, th cc van

i tt by x nc ngng ng, v vi thi bi c chn th nht bt u ci vi

phun vo trong bung la khi van hi ca n m hi ti u vi ngn chn

u vi qu nhit v sau thi sch sn phm chy (tro v bi) t cc ng l hi.

Nc ngng c x qua ng x nh, ngoi tr nu vic to thnh nc ngng

lm gim nhit TE pha u x th van i tt by nc ngng t dng m ln

na.

Vi thi bi cho php rt ra ti im bt k trong hnh trnh pha trc ca n.

5/ Sau 1 thi gian tr, u vi c rt ra, van hi ca n ng v vi thi bi th 2bt u lm vic cho n khi chu trnh thi bi cc vi thi bi c kt thc.

6/ Khi tt c cc u vi th i bi rt ra, van hi chnh ng, tt c cc van hi

u vo ng, cc van i tt by nc ngng m v h thng tr v ti v tr ngh

ca n


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4.3.2. M t qu trnh hotng v vn hnh:

* Cc iu kin vn hnh cho php:

p lc hi thi bi (l hi) Kg/cm2 30,6

T0 Hi thi bi (l hi)0

C 346Van gim p (an ton) ng cung cp hi thi bi t. Kg/cm2 39,8

p lc qut gi cho hp chn vi thi bi. Kg/cm2 0,95

p lc hi th i bi (hi t dng) Kg/cm2 14,1

T0 Hi thi bi (hi t dng)0C 240

Cc lin ng ca h thng s khng cho php vn hnh cc vi thi bi khi

p lc lm vic thp hn cc gi tr tng ng c nu trong bng trn.

* V tr bt u: V tr bnh thng

Khi n nt Starb chn chc nng : V tr bnh thng c ngha l:

- Tt c cc my thi bi ti cng tc hnh trnh "v tr ngh" (rest position)

- Van 2.1 trng thi m

- Van 2.4 v 2.5 trng thi ng

- Van x ng 2.3 m.* M t qu trnh: Vn hnh bng tay

T panel n chn chc nng "Manual".

Trc khi mt my thi bi c th khi ng, quy trnh hm nng ng ng

phi kt thc. Vic hm nng bao gm m van x ng 2.2 trong thi gian 2 pht

v vic x ng ca ng ng hi thng qua van 2.2 sau 2 pht van iu khin

gim p phi c m vi p sut gii hn c chn. Sau khi t c nhit

yu cu, van x ng 2.3 phi c ng. Sau khi t c nhit t, bt kmt my thi bi no c th khi ng t cc nt n trn panel iu khin. Mt my

thi bi tng ng i vo l hi cho n v tr o chiuv sau quay li v tr

ngh ca n. Nu p sut hoc nhit chch ra khi gi tr gii hn, my thi bi

s quay trli ngay v tr ngh ca n.

S hot ng ng thi nhiu my thi bi (hn mt my) l khng th

c. Nhng my thi bi tip theo ch c th khi ng khi tt c cc my thi bi

khc v tr ngh.


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Nu khng c my thi no s khi ng, van iu khin gim p phi c

ng v van x ng 2.3 phi c m.

* M t qu trnh: Hot ng t ng

La chn chc nng c t ch "t ng" (Automatic) th vic hotng t ng c thc bt u nh"Chng trnh khi ng t ng t ng".

Van x ng 2.2 t ng m trong thi gian 2 pht. Sau 2 pht van x ng ng v

van iu khin gim p m vi p sut gii hn c chn. Nu nhit t ti

mc ti hn th ngay lp tc van x ng 2.3 ng. Ngay sau khi p sut t trn

ng h t ti mc gii hn th my thi bi c chn u tin s khi ng.

My thi ny i vo trong l hi cho ti im i chiu. V sau quay tr li v tr

ngh. Sau khi my thi th nht kt thc qu trnh hotng ca n my thi c

chn th hai s bt u qu trnh lm sch ca n. Qu trnh ny lp i lp li cho

ti khi qu trnh hot ng ca my thi bi c chn cui cng kt thc. Khi my

thi bi c chn cui cng ti v tr ngh th van iu khin gim p t ng ng

v van x ng 2.3 c m.

Khi ton b h thng quay v v tr ngh th l lc qu trnh lm sch

kt thc. bt u li qu trnh lm sch, n nt "Chng trnh khi ng t

ng" (Automatic Program).

C th rt ngn qu trnh lm sch t ng bng cch n vo nt "Dng t

ng". H thng my thi bi s quay v v tr ban u.

Trong sut qu trnh hot ng cn theo di nhit v p sut. Ngay sau

khi nhit v p sut gim xung thp hn so vi nhit v p su t hn nh

my thi bi ngng hot ng v quay tr v v tr ban u. Khi nhit v p sut hn

nh li t c gi tr yu cu qu trnh lm sch ca my thi bi c khing li.

My thi bi hot ng hin hnh s c ch ra bng n bo hiu trn bng

iu khin.

4.3.3. Vic kim tra thng thng thit b lm vic v thit b d phng.

Cc vi thi bi trc v trong khi lm vic:

- Phi kim tra p lc u vo ca hi chnh l tho mn.

- Phi kim tra gi chn l sn sng ti cc hp gi chn vi thi bi.


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- Trc khi chu trnh thi bi bt u, phi kim tra rng cc van x v van hi thi

c chn l m v h thng ng ang c sy m.

- Phi kim tra trnh t thi bi l nh yu cu v phi kim tra rng khng c vi

thi bi no c lp trnh vo trong chu trnh m b nhy.- Trong khi vn hnh phi kim tra rng cc bch ca cc vi thi bi ring l khng

r r.

- Phi kim tra van an ton ng cp hi l khng b lu.

- Phi kim tra tt c cc bch van o lng l khng r r.


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4.3.4. Cc s c c th xy ra trong h thng thi bi - Tnh hung, nguyn

nhn, tn hiu lin ng - bo v, x l ca ngi vn hnh.

TT Tnh

hung

Nguyn nhn Tn hiu-lin

ng-bo v

X l ca ngi vn hnh

1 Ngng h

thng thi

bi.

Ngt nhin liu

chnh.

Rt vi thi

bi ra v

ngng h

thng thi

bi.

Phi m bo rng cc vi

thi bi c rt ra v h

thng ngng.

2 p lchi thi

bi cao

(>32Kg/c

m2).

S c mch iukhin p lc.

Bo tn hiu. Chuyn b iu khin b lisang iu khin bng tay.

ng t t van gim p lc

gim p lc hi thi bi.

Tm hiu nguyn nhn gy

ra v khc phc

3 p lc

hi thi

bi thp

(350C).

S c mch iu

khin nhit .

Bo tn hiu. Chuyn b iu khin b li

sang iu khin b ng tay.M t t vannc gim n

gim nhit hi thi

bi. Tm hiu nguyn nhn

gy ra v khc phc

5 Nhit

hi thi

bi thp

S c mch iu

khin nhit .

Bo tn hiu. Chuy n b iu khi n b li

sang iu khin bng tay.

ng t t van nc gim


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(


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- Mi cng vic sa cha, bo dng u phi c phiu cng tc v phi c s

ng ca trng ca.

- Trc khi bt u mt cng vic no trn qut hay ng c phi m bo rng

ngun in c ngt v cu ch dng in m t c tho.- Khi sa cha phi c treo bin bo, bin cm thao tc,.. .

4.4. Chng trnh iu khin h thng bng phn mm Step 7 (xem phn phc

lc)


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70

KT LUN

Qua mt thi gian c lm vic, nghin cu cng thit b thc t vi cng

ngh hini, ti hc hi v tip thu c nhiu kin thc kh b ch, ng

thi qua hon thnh bn lun vn tt nghip ny. Mc d ti c gng honthnh tt nhng do tip cn vi cng ngh mi, tng i phc tp v kin thc,

kh nng cn hn ch nn bn lun vn ny khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st.

Tuy nhin ti nhn c s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy Nguyn Don

Phc, ng thic s quan tm ca cc thy c trngi hc K thut Cng

nghip Thi Nguyn, i hc Bch khoa H Ni cng cc bnng nghip m ti

hon thnh bn lun vn ny nn ti rt t tin khi lm vic vi nhng thit b

cn kh mi m. Lun vn bao gm cc ni dung sau:

Chng 1: Nhng vn c bn ca l hi

Chng 2: My thi bi


Chng 4: Thit k trm PLC, mch lc v chng trnh iu khin cho h

thng thi bi

Ti hy vng nhnc thm s hng dn ca cc thy c gio v nhng

ngi quan tm lun vn t kt qu cao, nhng trn ht ti hy vng ti ny

tip tcc pht trin vi nhng sng kin mi nhm nng cao hiu qu lm vic

thit b, gim chi ph sn xut v tng thch thit b vi miiu kin lm vic.


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71

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Hiu khi n DCS cho nh my sn xutin nng tp 1, tp 2 - Bi Quc

Khnh - Nguyn Duy Bnh - Phm Quang ng - Phm Hng Sn

[2] T ng ho vi SIMATIC S7 300 - Nguyn Don Phc Phan

Xun Minh - V Vn H.

[3] Ti liu v h thng th i bi ca nh my nhitin Ph Li, C m Ph

[4] Ti liu v h thng th i bi ca Rosink (WWW.Rosink. pappert.de...)

[5] Siemens AG: Simatic S7-300[6] WWW.ZPA.PECKY.CZ : Electric Multil Turn Actuators. MODACT

MON, Mounting Instructions.


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PH C L C

- Mchiu khin - mch lc cho h thng thi bi.

- Chng trnh iu khin h thng thi bi bng phn mm Step 7.

Documents

KHẢO SÁT THIẾT KẾ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỀU KHIỂN THỔI BỤI LÒ HƠI CHO NHÀ MÁY NHIỆT ĐIỆN TRÊN NỀN SIMATIC S7-300 VanLuong.Blogspot.Com