kokkinos_elearning

-

" & "

, 2005

:

:

:

- &

.

/ -: , , , ,

, ,

:

: 20-09-2004

: 2005

: GR

: Gre

1

: 2004-2005

:

.

:

:

:

.

___________________________

2

eEurope is a roadmap to modernise our economy. At the same time, through its eLearning component,

it offers everyone, but particularly young people, the skills and tools they need to succeed in the new

knowledge based economy.

(Romano Prodi, President of the European Commission)

The Member States of the European Union have decided to work together to harmonize their policies

in the field of educational technology and share their experience. eLearning aims to support and

coordinate their efforts and to accelerate their adaptation of education and training systems in

Europe.

(Viviane Reding, Commissioner for Education and Culture)

3

..............................................................................................................6

Abstract.................................................................................................................6

...........................................................................................................7

..............................................................................................................7

1. ...........................................................11

1.1. .............................................................11

1.2. () ...............15

1.3. .......................................................19

1.4. ...................................21

1.5. ...................22

1.5.1. ....................................................23

1.5.2. ................................................25

1.5.3. ..................................26

1.5.4. ...............................26

1.6. ..........................................28

1.6.1. ........28

1.7. .....................................................................................................30

1.8. .......................................................................................................34

2. ...........38

2.1. ........................................................38

2.2. .............................................................................40

2.3. ...........................................................46

2.4. ..............51

2.5. ............61

2.6. ...................82

2.7. Open University ..............93

2.8. ......................................................................96

2.9. .................................................................................107

2.9.1. MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW)............................................................107

2.9.2. California Virtual Campus ...................................................................109

4

3.

................................................................................................110

3.1. .......................................................110

3.1.1. .....................112

3.1.2. ..................................115

3.2. ............................................................................116

3.3. ..................................................118

3.3.1. ..................................................................................120

3.3.2. .........................120

3.3.3. ...........................................................................121

3.3.4. .........................................................................122

3.3.5. ............................................122

3.4. ..........................124

3.5. .............127

3.6. .................................................128

3.7. .................................................................131

3.7.1. ......................................................134

3.7.2. ................................................136

4. ....................................................................137

4.1. ..............................................................................137

4.2. ..........................................................................................140

4.3. ..................................................................................................142

............................................................................................................144

.........................146

....................................................................................................152

5

()

.

(e-learning)

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Abstract

The integration of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has

changed significantly the field of education. Due to the adoption of the new

technologies, e-learning has been emerged and developed. As a result, distance

learning has transformed and new possibilities have appeared. It is remarkable that

distance learning became and considered as a scout of the new era in education and

6

contributed to the quality of education. Higher institutions, colleges and universities

play an important role in offering education and consequently they reacted by

designing and delivering distance learning courses. Simultaneously, libraries tend to

adapt their services in order to meet different needs of various user groups.

In the present thesis we are trying to present the new educational environment and

how has it changed because of the open and distance education. Main subject of the

thesis is not only to present the policies used by academic libraries in Europe, but also

to record the general European educational policy context. In addition, it is attempted

to present the Greek case and afterwards the role of the library in the new educational

environment. Libraries have to cope with new challenges and they have to fulfill new

and various needs.

,

,

.

.

,

,

. , Stephen Abram

Canadian Library Association, Open

Library Open University

. , , .

()

7

.

, ,

.

, ,

Moore,

(, 2002, . 29).

,

()

...1

(, 2000, . 25).

,

, .

.

,

, .

,

.

,

.

(, ,

, ..) ,

. 1 ... ,

,

, . . , , ,

. (2001). , : , . . (.),

. : , . 12-13.

8

.

.

. ,

(, 2001). ,

, .

, ,

(, 2001).

.

(Usherwood, 1995).

,

,

.

,

,

,

.

,

.

.

9

, .

.

.

,

.

,

.

.

10

1.

1.1.

,

.

(OCLC, 2003, . 6) ,

.

, , :

, , , ,

, , , ,

, , ,

.

.

2.

, .

(, , 2000).

.

2 . , . (1998).

, : , ., , ., , . ,

. : ...

. Rogers, A. (1999). . :

.

11

, .

.

, ,

.

(collaborative learning)

(-, 2001).

,

.

.

(active learning)

.

, (-,

2001). (active

learning styles)

.

(Roes, 2001).

(constructive learning)

.

(-, 2001).

12

(individualized learning3)

,

.

.

.

,

(Rogers, 1999).

, ,

.

,

,

.

(, 2004)

.

,

.

,

.

(Rogers,

1999, . 310).

, .

3 , :

Buckmann, N. M. (1991). . .

13

,

(, 1999, . 33).

(, , 1999).

.

, ,

(Race, 1999, . 28).

(distance education)

,

(, 2001).

,

, (, .., 2003).

.

().

,

.

.

( )

(, 1998).

(e-learning) ,

14

.

,

( & , 2005).

1.2. ()

.

. ,

, .

.

50%

(, , , 2001).

,

,

.

,

,

.

,

(, 1999).

(Keegan, 1996).

15

1.

,

.

(, 2001).

2.

.

, (

)

.

.

. ,

.

,

16

-. ,

.

,

.

,

(,

, 1999):

. . . . .

,

, ,

.

(, .., 2001):

. . . . .

,

.

17

(, .., 2001).

(

)

(

).

,

.

()

.

,

.

19

. Illinois State

University 1874

.

,

1930. B.B.C. 1930

(, 1999, . 151-153).

,

.

, ,

,

.

20 ,

.

18

,

1992 ()

1997.

(, 2000, .

3-4).

, ,

.

1.3.

.

, , -

.

.

(-

, 2001).

.

,

, .

. ,

(, 1999). ,

, ,

.

19

.

(, 1999).

,

, ,

, ( ).

,

.

(Porter, 1997).

,

. ,

.

.

.

,

.

, , ,

, ,

.

20

1.4.

.

, ,

(Sacchanand, 2002). ,

. Rogers (1999, .

75) (adult education)

.

, , .

,

.

.

.

, 25

, ,

.

,

.

.

,

21

(, 1999). , ,

.

, ,

.

. ,

.

.

.

1.5.

(). ,

(correspondence education)

.

(

)

( ). d-learning

(distance learning) e-learning m-learning (mobile learning)

(Keegan, 2001).

(, 1999):

. (, , , ).

22

(, ..).

, (level learning).

. ,

,

. , ,

.

,

-

. ,

.

(supervised distance education)

,

, .. Computer-Based Education (CBE),

(, .., 2001).

1.5.1.

.

. ,

.

.

23

. (interactive)

, (e-class, virtual

class). ,

, .

.

(videoconference)

,

(Keegan, 2001).

.

.

, .

,

. ,

. ,

.

. ,

.

. ,

, .

24

1.5.2.

.

.

. elearnspace

(e-learning)

:

3. e-learning4

e-learning (Elearnspace, 2004):

4 : elearnspace, http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/elearningcategories.htm

25

1. (Courses).

2. (Informal Learning).

3. (Blended Learning).

4. (Communities).

5. (Knowledge Management).

6. (Networked Learning).

7. (Work-based Learning).

1.5.3.

D. Keegan (2001)

, :

. .

.

...

. ,

, ,

.

, . ,

-

.

1.5.4.

. , ,

,

26

.

()

:

,

. ,

, ,

,

.

,

,

.

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

27

1.6.

. , ,

. ,

.

D. Keegan (2001),

:

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

, .

.

,

(, 1999).

1.6.1.

,

.

. ,

.

28

Unext.com ,

(, , 2001).

Unext.com online

University of Chicago, London School of

Economics, Stanford University, Columbia University Carnegie-Mellon

University.

online . ,

. ,

. ,

(2001)

online .

Unext

(virtual university).

Cardean University .

Cardea (goddess

of portals). ,

.

.

Andrew Rosenfield Gary Becker,

.

2000

Distance Education and Training Council (DETC). 2001

General Motors

(corporate

29

learning). Cardean University

.

(Blustain & Goldstein, 2004).

Cardean University: http://www.cardean.edu

1.7.

(courseware

course-authoring tools) hypermedia

. Web

. HTML editors

course-authoring tools.

.

, ,

, , ..

Course Management Systems (CMS), Virtual

Learning Environments (VLE) Learning Management Systems (LMS).

:

. (Open Source).

30

,

, .

.

,

, .

Linux

, Open Office.

.

.

.

:

LearningSpace, CATWEB, Blackboard, e-Class, WebCT, TopClass, Saba,

Click2learn, Embanet, Intralearn, Ecollege, Eduprise, Librarian, Fle3, Lersus, eFront.

,

, LearningSpace WebCT. LearningSpace

Lotus

. ,

.

real-time .

(modules) ,

.

WebCT University of British Columbia

. Web server

(learning

content). WWW browser

.

31

email, chat forums .

, ,

, , , , .. (Anido, et

al., 2000).

,

e-Class. e-Class

Claroline GUNet

.

. ,

, browsers,

HTML Windows, ..

,

(, 2001).

. ,

,

. , ,

.

,

.

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)

.

, on-line,

on-line, , ... Virtual

School, FirstClass, Fle3, ..

on-line . ,

32

.

on-line

.

,

.

(learning environment). ,

:

, (Netscape Messenger,

Microsoft Outlook, Eudora, ..).

, (chat) (IRC,

Instant Messenger, ..).

(NetMeeting, ..).

video on demand (video and audio streaming).

,

. ,

, .

video on demand

.

(Whiteboards Bulletin Boards) .

33

1.8.

e-learning

,

.. . ,

, ,

e-learning. e-learning

(communication interface), (metadata)

(packaging).

e-learning (standards)

(specifications) :

Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL)

http://www.adlnet.org

Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC)

http://www.aicc.org

IMS Global Learning Consortium (IMS)

http://www.imsproject.org

Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers Learning Technology Standards

Committee (IEEE LTSC)

http://www.ltsc.ieee.org

(communication interface)

AICC ADL

Hypertext AICC Communication Protocol (AICC HACP) API Communication

LMS API. (metadata)

IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM). ,

(packaging) ,

AICC Course Structure File (SCF) IMS Content Packaging

34

Specification.

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

IMS. IMS Content Packaging Specification

XML : Metadata-Table of

ContentsResources. XML (manifest)

(Macromedia, 2001). Sharable

Content Object Reference Model (SCORM),

. ADL XML.

SCORM

,

. , UNFOLD project

IMS Learning Design Specification.

(Virtual Learning

Environment).

.

IEEE LOM .

LOM v.1.0 (basic schema) 2002

9 (data

elements). (learning

objects5), (, 2002).

Learning Object Metadata Standard IEEE :

. . -. . .

5 (learning object)

.

35

. . . .

IEEE LOM

. , ,

.

IEEE LOM: http://www.ltsc.ieee.org

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative IEEE LOM

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) IEEE Learning

Technology Standards

.

.

DCMI

IEEE LOM , learning

objects.

DCMI IEEE LTSC LOM

,

.

:

(Open extensibility).

.

36

(Modularity). complementary groups ,

.

DCMI

, IEEE LOM

learning objects.

(Refinement).

.

ISO 8601

.

DCMI IEEE LTSC LOM

HTML, XML

Resource

Description Framework (RDF)

(DCMI, 2005).

,

H.320 International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) ISDN H.323

ITU TCP/IP. ,

video, , ..

.120

, 6.

6 :

Schaphorst, R. (1999). Videoconferencing and Videotelephony: technology and standards. Boston:

Artech House.

37

2.

2.1.

,

.

(authority)

(Arms, 2000a, . 130-131).

,

.

.

.

,

, ,

.

, , .

.

, .

. ,

.

,

,

. ,

.

, ,

38

, , .

,

.

(Gellman-Danley & Fetzner, 1998)

.

:

(Academic). (Fiscal). (Geographic). (Governance). (Labor-Management). (Legal). (Student Support Services).

, ,

, , , , , ,

, , , ,

.

.

.

, , .

.

39

. ,

.

(Gellman-Danley & Fetzner, 1998).

.

,

.

,

, .

.

, ,

(Meyer, 2002).

2.2.

.

(Association of College &

Research Libraries-ACRL)

(ACRL, 2004a).

Guidelines for Distance Learning Library Services

.

40

ACRL .

.

ACRL

1963 Guidelines for Library Services to Extension Students.

.

2000

29 2004 ACRL (Board of Directors,

Association of College & Research Libraries).

,

,

.

,

,

,

.

ACRL :

(Introduction). (Definitions). (Philosophy). (Management). (Finances). (Personnel). (Facilities).

41

(Resources). (Services). (Documentation). (Library Education). (Revising the Guidelines).

.

:

(reference assistance), computer-

based , ,

Internet, ,

,

- ,

,

.

.

, ,

,

, ..

42

librarian-administrator

,

.

:

. .

focus group , ,

.

. .

Miller

Cornerstone. Miller

ACRL

2000.

, , ,

, ..

Miller: http://www.cornerstone.edu/library/

:

http://www.cornerstone.edu/library/about/policy_library_distant_ed/

Guidelines for Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries.

(ACRL, 2004b).

43

ACRL , Online Computer

Library Center (OCLC)

Libraries and the Enhancement of E-learning (OCLC E-learning Task Force,

2003).

Libraries and the Enhancement of E-learning

2003 OCLC E-learning Task Force

2003.

.

.

, E-learning and Libraries

Recommendations to OCLC.

.

,

,

.

.

(service convergence).

.

44

,

.

courseware

.

.

:

courseware e-learning

;

;

e-learning

;

;

;

(player) ;

, OCLC ,

(library and learning management systems environments),

, , , ,

.

45

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

. , IFLA

2003,

. E-Learning

Discussion Group (IFLA, 2003).

,

UNESCO, OECD, ..

,

,

. ,

.

2.3.

. European

Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations (EBLIDA)

.

,

.

.

.

,

,

. 1980

, (Eurydice). ,

46

.

, , , ..

1993 1995

.

, , ,

, ..

. ,

149

(-, 1999):

, -.

. . . .

,

.

,

(-, 1999).

.

.

(,

1996).

,

.

47

.

.

SOCRATES LEONARDO DA VINCI.

.

7.

2010

.

2000.

(European Commission)

.

(Europa, 2003).

The Europe of

Knowledge 2020 A vision for University based Research and Innovation

25-28 2004, .

.

.

(, ,

7 . . . (.),

(1996). . : Gutenberg.

48

, )

:

. . .

,

.

.

, 2002, :

. . .

.

,

. ,

,

.

. ,

.

2003

,

.

4.000 ,

80% . ,

49

.

, ...,

.

...

,

:

,

,

.

,

, e-Learning (e-Learning Action

Plan).

,

( , 2001).

24 2000

.

eEurope 2001-2004.

,

,

.

. ,

,

eLearning

50

.

eLearning

, (IST)

( ...

....).

2.4.

. ,

,

. ,

. ,

. ,

,

. , ,

, .

.

,

.

SOCRATES LEONARDO DA VINCI,

(-, 1999).

DELTA

INFO-2000

.

51

, -.

SOCRATES

SOCRATES,

. SOCRATES 30

Minerva, .

SOCRATES

. ,

. 1 1995

31 1999 1

2000 31 2006.

(1995-1999)

: ,

,

,

( Eurydice Arion).

,

. ,

,

.

52

,

.

,

.

,

,

.

(2000-2006) .

(EUROPA),

,

, ,

.

.

SOCRATES ,

.

:

Comenius ( ). Erasmus ( ). Grundtvig ( ). Lingua ( , ). Minerva ( ).

53

:

. . .

- ( ,

- ).

.

,

.

.

. , :

, . . . .

, SOCRATES (Phase II)

1.850 .

Minerva

Minerva

() . Minerva

,

(). Minerva

54

,

.

Minerva

.

. Minerva

:

1. ,

,

.

2.

.

3.

,

.

Minerva

(Online Resources

Repositories for Distance Learning). e-Resources and

Distance Learning Management (eDilema).

Erasmus

SOCRATES.

,

, , ..

.

55

European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)

.

TEMPUS

TEMPUS III (2000-2006),

TEMPUS I (1990-1993) TEMPUS II

(1994-1998). TEMPUS

-

.

TEMPUS

,

- .

LEONARDO DA VINCI

SOCRATES.

.

.

.

SOCRATES LEONARDO

.

2006. 14 2004

.

2007-2013.

8:

8 . : http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/education_culture/newprog/index_en.html

56

Integrated Action Programme in Lifelong Learning. Youth in Action. Culture 2007. MEDIA 2007.

ARIADNE

ARIADNE ARIADNE II

,

.

ARIADNE

.

EUMEDIS

,

.

.

Research and Technological Development

1984

(framework programmes)

(Dekkers, 1997).

.

. Telematics for Libraries

HYPERLIB, BIBDEL, EDUCATE, ELVIL LIBERATION (Stork, 2000).

.

57

Information Society Technologies (IST) Programme

6

.

( 2).

2002 2006

. IST

Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries (DELOS)

.

IST Programme: http://www.cordis.lu

5 6 (Framework Programme) IST

eContent ,

eTEN

(e-

Society), .

,

(e-learning pilot projects). :

cEVU Collaborative European Virtual University

ELDA e-learning Disability Access

LIVIUS Learning in a Virtual Integrated University

MENU Model for a European Networked University

ICETEL Improving Continuimg Education and Training through e-learning

DELPHI European Observatory for Emergent e-learning

EL4EI e-learning for e-inclusion

E.L.I.Fo e-learning Intercultural Forum

EUDOXOS Teaching Science with Robotic Telescope

LEIPS Learning about e-learning Innovation process in Schools

58

6 Digital Heritage and

Cultural Content (DigiCULT) ,

, 2006.

- eLearning Initiative

eLearning

.

.

.

,

,

.

- eLearning Programme

eLearning eLearning

5 2003.

.

.

2004-2006 :

(digital literacy). (virtual campuses). (e-twinning schools), .

59

, (transversal actions, monitoring of the eLearning Action

Plan).

9

eLearning portal

2003. portal

(single point of reference)

.

.

. Time2Learn

GEANT.

Time2Learn

(IST-2001-38263)

(thematic network)

e-learning

.

(Research and Development data

9

:

http://elearningeuropa.info

60

bank).

. ,

. Universidad

Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) Open University of the Netherlands (OUN).

GEANT

GEANT

.

.

(). GEANT

.

2.5.

.

.

.

, , .

, 19 .

61

(Open University)

(UNED), 150.000

, ,

10.000 .

(,

) .

.

.

Open University 1971 180.000

Universidad Nacional

de Educacion a

Distancia (UNED)

1972 170.00010

FernUniversitat 1974 55.000

Universitat Oberta de

Catalunya (UOC)

1994 26.61211

Open Universiteit

Nederland (OUN)

-

1984 21.00412

1997 16.800

Universidade Aberta 1988 10.000

1. 13

10 2001. 11 2002-2003. 12 2003-2004. 13 ,

. Keegan, D. (2001).

, : .

: , . 15-31.

62

, 1970 1985.

.

.

Anadolu University 800.000

.

.

,

. Open

University .

(), ,

Open University.

,

.

, .

Open University

,

-.

,

.

,

(, 2001).

e-learning ,

63

.

:

e-learning

Portal

Open University

(ROUTES)

Chat, Electronic conferencing

E-mail /, E-mail, Chat

Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia

Ciber UNED, WebCT

WAP E-mail /, E-mail, ,

FernUniversitat Chat E-mail /, E-mail, Chat

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya

VLE-Virtual Campus

( )

(IP recognition)

Counseling classroom

E-mail /, E-mail

Open Universiteit Nederland

Studienet & Edubox

Video conferencing

E-mail, News groups, Course sites

/, E-mail, Study & support centers

E-mail, forums

/, E-mail

Universidade Aberta

Video-conferencing

E-mail /, E-mail, Fax

2. e-learning

,

.

.

. ,

.

64

Open University

F.A.Q., turorials (Safari)

(MOSAIC), (ITLO)

ACM, Amico, IEEE, JSTOR, IoP, ..

( & , ROUTES, Theses, ..)

E-mail, Chat (ask a librarian)

Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia

F.A.Q. ( WebCT)

( & , e-prints)

E-mail

FernUniversitat - - ACM, Academic Search Premier, ABC, ..

( & )

E-mail, Chat (IRC server)


Virtual tutorials & Training materials, F.A.Q.

(workshops)

Juridical, Kluwer, Wiley, ..

( & , , theses)

E-mail, Virtual Reference Desk


F.A.Q. (Virtual ReferenceDesk)

(English tutorial on searching information)

E-mail, Virtual Reference Desk

F.A.Q. Health Management Information, Oxford, ISI, ZentralBlatt Math, ..

( , )

E-mail

Universidade Aberta

E-mail

3.

2 3

,

65

.

.

FernUniversitat

.

FernUniversitat

,

.

. ,

- -

, ,

.

. ,

.

. Open

University

.

. ,

,

, .

, FernUniversitat,

.

Open University.

, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya

.

66

Open Univerisiteit Nederland

.

Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam University of Twente

.

, Universidade Aberta , ,

.

,

.

,

.

2

e-learning portal,

. e-learning

,

. portals,

.

portals IP recognition,

Aberta ,

portal .

. ,

, chat, video

conferencing counseling classrooms, WAP.

. ,

newsgroups forums. ,

.

67

,

.

e-mail. ,

. chat

FernUniversitat.

3

.

.

Frequently Asked

Questions (F.A.Q.) . ,

tutorials. ,

,

e-learning.

.

,

. ,

.

. chat Open University

FernUniversitat Virtual Reference Desks Uninersitat

Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) Open Universiteit Nederland (OUN).

68

.

Open University

Open University

.

,

.

Open University , , .

.

,

.

Open University 1960

1962 J.G. Stobart

(Wireless University).

(broadband lectures),

(correspondence texts) .

1969

.

Open University (e-university).

180.000 on-line

.

Open University Open Library

,

69

. Open Library

,

Interactive Open Learning Centre and Media Archive (IOLCMA).

on-line tutorials SAFARI,

(information skills)

. F.A.Q. :

http://library.open.ac.uk/help/faq.html

MOSAIC (Making Sense of Information in the Connected Age) 12-

online

& (Faculty of Education and Language

Studies) ,

.

, e-mail

First Class. MOSAIC 95. , Open Library

Learning Landscapes Video 16

.

Open Library : ACM

Digital Library, Amico Library, Article First, Blackwell Synergy, IEEE Xplore, IoP

Electronic Journals, JSTOR, ..

, theses, ,

ROUTES (Resources for Open University TEachers

and Students)

Open University.

ROUTES (Course teams)

(Information specialists).

-.

Introducing Teaching and Learning Online (ITLO)

Open University online

. ITLO online

70

online .

(information literacy).

MyOpenLibrary.

, ,

.

(personalization)

MyOpenLibrary

.

,

. MyOpenLibrary

. ,

Open Library 2,5 .

Open University: http://www.open.ac.uk/

Open Library: http://library.open.ac.uk/

MOSAIC: http://www.open.ac.uk/mosaic/index.cfm

ROUTES: http://routes.open.ac.uk/)

Introducing Teaching and Learning Online (ITLO):

https://msds.open.ac.uk/sams/SAMSDefault/SAMS001_Default.asp

MyOpenLibrary: http://myopenlibrary.open.ac.uk/

Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED)

Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED)

, .

,

71

(, slides,

) .

UNED . UNED

.

UNED

(experimental pedagogy).

,

.

CiberUNED e-learning,

,

WAP .

. ,

, (media archive).

UNED

.

,

.

Universidad Nacional de Educacin a Distancia (UNED):

http://www.uned.es/webuned/home.htm

CiberUNED: http://virtualdb.uned.es

WAP: http://campuswap.com

Biblioteca de la UNED: http://biblioteca.uned.es/lenya/bibliuned/live/index.html

72


Open University of Catalonia

, 1994 (virtual

university) (Keegan, 1996, . 9). Univesitat Oberta de

Catalunya (UOC)

(Autonomous Regional

Government of Catalonia). 6 1994

(virtual

education) .

,

. UOC

International Council for

Distance Education (ICDE).

Univesitat Oberta de Catalunya

.

UOC

. Virtual Campus,

. Virtual Campus

IDEA

Solutions.


on-line

, .


.

73

1. OUC

Univesitat Oberta de Catalunya ,

(, )

.

, UOC

on-line off-line

.

Univesitat Oberta de Catalunya Virtual Library

. , :

. (subscription sources)

.

58.298 (Electronic Distribution of Summaries-DESU).

74

,

.

.

, .

Virtual Library 50.194 , 2.677

13.648 online (Juridical

Database, Kluwer International Law, Wiley Interscience), , ..

Virtual Library

(virtual tour) virtual reference desk.

,

workshops .

workshops .

workshops , .

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: http://www.uoc.edu/web/eng/index.html

Virtual Library of Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: http://xina.uoc.es/eng/

FernUniversitat

55.000 . (faculties)

1.700 (courses).

.

.

80% .

,

. (study centers) ,

75

.

, .

.

Hagener Bibliotheken ,

.

ACM, ABC Political Science, Academic Search

Premier, .. .

Digitale Bibliothek

, Fachportale portal .

,

chat, IRC server.

FernUniversitat: http://www.fernuni-hagen.de


To Open Universiteit Nederland (OUN) 1984

.

. 24.000

Heerlen.

.


(blended

learning),

(contact education).


.

e-learning OUN Studienet Edubox (a student-oriented

76

e-learning player) IMS Learning Design EML

(Education Modeling Language). e-learning Open Universiteit

Nederland

,

Studienet. 20.000

Studienet

.

Open Univesiteit Nederland

.

. ,

Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam14 University of

Twente15

.

Open Univerisiteit Nederland: http://www.ouh.nl

Universidade Aberta

Universidade Aberta (A Universidade Publica de Ensimo a Distancia)

1988

. ,

(Coimbra) ,

.

14 Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam: http://www.eur.nl/ 15 University of Twente: http://www.utwente.nl/ub/

77

.

-

.

.

Universidade Aberta

.

, , CD-ROMs,

.

, Universidade Aberta

, ,

.

(,

, ..) (). ,

Universidade Aberta SOCRATES

, :

Association of Portuguese Language Universities-AULP. European Association of Distance Teaching Universities-EADTU. European Distance and E-learning Network-EDEN. European University Association-EUA. European University Continuing Education Network-EUCEN. International Council for Open and Distance Education-ICDE. International Council for Educational Media-ICEM.

Universidade Aberta ,

,

.

Universidade Aberta: http://www.univ-ab.pt

Sector de Documentaco e Arquivo:

http://www.univ-ab.pt/estudantes/secdocumentacao/index.html

78

1997

.

10.000 .

()

.

,

. ,

, ,

. , 2004

10.. - 4..

, F.A.Q.

.

F.A.Q. : http://lib.eap.gr/faq.htm

,

.

,

.

, Muse

MuseSearch (interface)

. , (portal) :

http://online.eap.gr/

.

79

,

,

. ,

.

.

, ,

, , ..

. 15

, ,

.

, 16

. ,

.

, . ,

.

,

,

.

,

,

().

, :

. : , ,

, .

80

, .

,

Course packs (

),

.

16

on-line tutorials,

on-line .

, ,

.

(): http://www.eap.gr

: http://lib.eap.gr/

,

. , ,

(, , )

(Keegan, 2001).

, (virtual

universities).

. Keegan (2001)

.

e-University (Bacsich, 2004).

,

.

81

2.6.

,

,

.

,

, , , , .

,

.

.

UK Libraries Plus Scheme

.

(Usherwood, 2002). ,

,

.

137 ,

Open University.

UK Libraries Plus Scheme: http://www.uklibrariesplus.ac.uk

82

Society of College, National and University Libraries (SCONUL)

SCONUL

. , SCONUL

:

. (policy makers)

.

.

SCONUL

.

o SCONUL 1950 Standing Conference of National

and University Libraries. 1994 COPOL (Council of

Polytechnic Librarians) 2001 Society of COllege,

National and University Libraries.

SCONUL

. (National

Access Schemes Regional Access Schemes).

SCONUL

Information Support for

83

eLearning: Principles and Practices, revised edition, May 200416

off-campus .

, , , ,

, , ,

(whole-process costing).

SCONUL: http://www.sconul.ac.uk

British Library

British Library e-learning

. British Library e-learning

. ,

British Library e-learning

.

British Library (e-learning)

Collect Britain

.

e-learning (Brindley, 2004):

e-learning ;

16 SCONUL .:

http://www.sconul.ac.uk/pubs_stats/pubs/info_support_elearning.pdf

84

;

(learning programmes)

;

Idea Stores

Idea Stores .

(Wills, 2003).

Idea Store

- state-of-the-art

. Idea Store

1999 2002. Idea Store

,

(adult education classes), ..

Idea Store

Tower Hamlets.

Idea stores: http://www.ideastore.co.uk

,

. University of Leicester

Northumbria University.

85

Higher Education

Academy17.

University of Leicester

, Distance Learning Unit. 1999

6.000

. ,

. 300

.

,

.

:

(Book loans), (Enquiry services),

(Literature services), (Document delivery),

(Information skills tutorials), (Feedback).

University of Leicester. Distance Learning Unit:

http://www.le.ac.uk/li/distance/guide/guide.html

Northumbria University

Northumbria University

Library & Learning Services .

.

newsletter elearning.

17 . : http://www.heacademy.ac.uk

86

University of Northumbria. University Library & Learning Services. Part Time &

Distance Learning Service: http://www.unn.ac.uk/central/isd/subj/distl.htm

University of Northumbria. University Library & Learning Services. Elearning:

http://www.unn.ac.uk/central/isd/elearn.htm

Digital University Consortium

10 . 2001

.

,

(Boezerooy, et al., 2004).

Digitale Universiteit: http://www.du.nl

University of Twente

University of Twente 1961 Twente University of Technology

1986 . -

campus .

. University of Twente

. ,

.

.

.

, , tutorials.

e-reference, Ask a librarian.

,

87

, (printing-on-

demand) .

University of Twente: http://www.utwente.nl

Universitat Des Saarlandes. Virtual University

1948

(FernUniversitat in Hagen).

(tutor-based courses of study)

. (,

, , ,

).

Distance Learning Center Saarlandes

(internetkurse). Wiki Clone

Moin Moin .

Universitat Des Saarlandes: http://www.uni-saarland.de/en

Distance Learning Center: http://www.uni-saarland.de/z-einr/wwb/esc/index.htm

Freie Universitaet Berlin

elearning 1994

2001

Center of Digital Systems (CeDiS).

2004

14 , 43.000 600 18.

18 . . ,

CeDiS CORDIS, 16/9/2004.

88

.

CeDiS

20

. 70

(content management systems),

(learning management systems)

(visualization design).

. CeDiS

elearning

. ,

.

Freie Univeritaet Berlin: http://www.fu-berlin.de

CeDiS: http://www.cedis.fu-berlin.de

Centre National d Enseignement a Distance

Centre National d Enseignement a Distance (CNED)

1939 350.000 170 . 30.000

2/3

.

Keegan (1996). 3.000

. , ,

. CNED

Campus Electronique,

.

89

Campus Electronique

, , ,

, ..

CNED

(Keegan, 1996).

CNED

.

. ,

. , CNED

UNED

SOCRATES

.

Centre National d Enseignement a Distance: http://www.cned.fr

Anadolu University

1958 -

(Eskisehir Academy of Economics and Commercial Sciences) 1982

Anadolu. (Anadolu)

.

1982 (dual university),

. Anadolu -

.

(Open Faculty, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Business

Administration)

800.000 . Anadolu

90

,

(Ozkul, 2001).

WebCT.

.

- ,

.

e-mail,

.

(Anatolia University Library and Documentation Centre)

Anadolu

. JSTOR,

Science Direct, Academic Search Premier, .. 180.000

165.152 23.871

. 1.268

.

CD-ROM Network

System,

intranet ,

On-line Journals, Kybele

. ,

.

Anadolu University: http://www.anadolu.edu.tr

91

National Technical University of Ukraine (Kyiv Polytechnic Institute-KPI)

National Technical University of Ukraine 1898

360.

.

, - ,

(engineering centers).

1.700 1.500 .

. ,

40.000

1.300. , Foreign

Relation Department ,

.

1898

.

National Technical University of Ukraine

UNESCO Central and Eastern European

Virtual University (CEEVU). CEEVU

e-learning.

National Technical University of Ukraine: http://www.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua/eng/

Library: http://cad.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua/frd/

92

2.7. Open University

2.5.

,

.

.

. Open Library

Open University .

Open Library

Milton Keynes .

. Open University

.

,

. ,

.

,

. ,

.

, .

,

. ,

, :

93

Open University

. ,

CD,

.

Open University

, UK Libraries Plus Scheme.

137

.

,

.

.

.

-

.

H Open Library chat.

, Librarians on Call

, .

.

.

94

F.A.Q. Open University on-line

tutorials Safari

, MOSAIC.

. Open University

.

.

Open University

, ,

,

, ,

, ,

slides, T.V. programmes, Radio

programmes on CD, ..

Study rooms centers

U.K. Libraries Plus Scheme

/, e-mail /, e-mail, chat, VLE (e-reference),

personalization (myOpenLibrary),

, ..

F.A.Q. Information Literacy (MOSAIC),

tutorials (Safari), F.A.Q.

8.. 3..,

10.. 4..

8.30.. 7.30..,

9.. 5..,

10.. 1..

4.

95

2.8.

(). 2552 1997

19. 1, 3 .2552/1997

,

.

. 2004

80.000.

,

,

.

,

. -

,

. 1996

.

(, 1998).

.

. ,

, , 19 2083 1992

27.

.2552/1997

1998.

96

.

,

.

(), (

SOCRATES, ..) .

,

,

,

,

.

"

" ()

.

.

. ,

,

, ,

, , ,

, ,

.

,

,

97

.

.

.

... ,

, ,

, ,

.

. ,

(video on demand)

(video and audio streaming).

,

.

.

(.. WebCT Blackboard)

(.. eCMS

).

,

. ,

,

98

.

.

,

.

WIFI.

: http://www.teleteaching.gr

http://atm.ntua.gr

()

(...)

,

, , ,

, , ..

. ...

(, 2003). ...

.

(

, 2004).

99

...

.

.

Estia (, 2003).

(e-

learning) 2001 .

2.000

( , 2002). 2005

10

, .

. : http://elearn.elke.uoa.gr

()

. ( )

, , 3 (.3):

.

(electronic resources) .

:

1.

, ,

, ..

(.2), (.4),

(.7).

100

2.

. ,

(9)

, ,

, ,

.

(, , ..),

(groupware).

,

.

.3 :

. .

, .

.

01/10/2001 30/09/2005.

,

.

Course Content Management System (CCMS).

, (content

management) (lessons

management). CCMS Content Management

101

Methodologies Environments and Tools (COMMET),

20.

CCMS,

, . ,

(viewers), (editors) (managers).

.

CCMS, e-Class.

e-Class

.

,

.

.

(, , , ..),

(e-course pack).

, ()

.

, 2005

.

,

.

20

& : http://web.dbnet.ntua.gr/

102

,

.

, on-line .

MANHATTAN Virtual Classroom

.

.

, e-Class.

152 ,

.

( ).

, ,

( , 2005).

2. e-Class

103

()

e-Class

. , e-Class

88 , .

( , 2004).

e-Class

, .

.

.

.

e-learning

,

. (..

), (..

Blackboard ),

(.. ).

.

.

,

.

.

104

GUnet

Greek University network (GUnet) e-Class.

e-Class

.

(GUnet, 2004).

e-Class

GUnet .

e-Class Claroline,

.

.

.

, GUnet

, :

,

.

GUnet: http://www.gunet.gr

e-Class: http://e-class.gunet.gr

()

,

.

105

, .

.

.

,

, Kingston, Paisley,

University of Kentucky, Open University, ..

Open University

.

.

2004-2005 ,

,

. Open

University

, Master of Science Open

University ( , 2004).

, Department of

Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel

, ,

Master of Science Data Communication Systems.

Brunel

Brunel

(

, 2004).

. : http://www.teiath.gr/activities/3postgr1.htm

. : http://gdias.teipir.gr/post_grad_gr.htm

106

2.9.

,

. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

California Virtual Campus (CVC) ...

Cardean University

.

2.9.1. MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW)

MIT

,

. MIT

. MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) 2001

MIT :

MIT ,

.

MIT OCW ,

,

. MIT OCW

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

, MIT OCW Web

. , MIT OCW

.

107

2004 900 2008

MIT

(MIT OpenCourseWare, 2004).

.

, MIT OCW .

MIT

.

MIT OCW .

MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW): http://ocw.mit.edu/

, ,

...

MIT . MIT

. H

MIT

.

,

.

Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD)

Virginia Tech

.

,

(Campus only).

200

,

108

.

Virginia Tech

(Suleman, et al., 2001).

2.9.2. California Virtual Campus

California Virtual Campus (CVC) 5.329

,

. CVC

.

. 139

226 . 100

.

WebCT ,

, .

ASSIST21,

(computerized student-transfer information system)

.

.

, California Virtual Campus

.

California Virtual Campus: http://www.cvc.edu/

21 ASSIST. : http://www.assist.org/web-assist/welcome.html

109

3.

3.1.

, ,

.

,

, , ,

, ..

,

. , , ,

,

. ,

,

.

,

.

22,

:

.

. , .

.

22 . : , . . (2001). . :

.

110

, ,

. ,

,

.

,

(, 2000).

,

.

, .

.

,

(e-books)

, ,

,

..

( ,

) , .

.

, .

(, 2004).

111

, . ,

,

.

,

.

,

.

3.1.1.

.

.

. ,

(licensing problems) .

Roes (2001)

,

, :

(Digital libraries and

digital learning environments).

Web. INSPIRAL ResIDE

. INveStigation Portals for Information Resources And

112

Learning (INSPIRAL)23

.

. Electronic Reserve for UK Universities (ResIDE)24

.

(reference

librarians) (reserve collections)

.

portfolios. portfolios

.

portfolios

portfolios , .

(Information literacy).

,

Rader (1997),

, .

,

(Internet-based instruction

modules).

(Collaborative course design).

.

,

23 INveStigation Portals for Information Resources And Learning (INSPIRAL).

: http://inspiral.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/ 24 Electronic Reserve for UK Universities (ResIDE). :

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/projects/reside/

113

.

(Physical and virtual

learning environments).

.

,

.

,

,

()

.

,

. ,

.

,

.

. ,

.

,

(Arms, 2000b).

,

(Sacchanand, 2002)

114

.

(National Digital Strategies)

(interoperability) (interaction).

(Carnaby,

2004).

3.1.2.

,

. ,

(learning portal).

, :

( ). . .

.

.

,

.

( ).

115

,

(Campus only),

(

). ,

. ,

(multimedia files)

.

3.2.

(information literacy).

, ,

. American

Library Association (ALA),

,

,

(ACRL, 2003).

ALA

(ALA, 1989).

,

,

.

. ,

(Roes, 2001).

,

116

. (life skills)

(SCONUL, 2004).

.

,

(ACRL, 2000).

,

.

,

,

:

;

;

; ; on-line ;

; /

;

; ;

,

.

, .

(Barron, 2002).

117

, ,

, ,

.

SCONUL (2004) ,

. University of Texas tutorial

Blackboard, WebCT.

Texas Information Literacy Tutorial (TILT)25

(Roberts, 2003).

. ,

, .

3.3.

,

.

(SCONUL, 2004):

; ; , ; ; ; ; ; ;

25 Texas Information Literacy Tutorial (TILT). : http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu

118

;

.

,

.

.

,

, ,

.

, .

, ,

, (.. e-reference).

:

. .

,

.

. ,

(mediator) ,

.

(Kazmer, 2002) ,

.

119

.

,

, , , ..

3.3.1.

. , , ,

. ,

.

,

. ,

, .

,

. ,

, ,

. ,

.

3.3.2.

.

.

,

( )

120

.

,

, (Kazmer, 2002).

.

, ,

, .. (Vassie, 1999).

3.3.3.

.

, ,

, .

,

(Heller-Ross, 1998):

.

(reference assistance) .

. . . . (citations).

,

.

,

121

(Heller-Ross,

1998).

3.3.4.

, .

Feinberg Library Plattsburgh State University,

.

, distance-learning librarians,

(Heller-Ross,

1998).

,

.

; distance-

education librarians reference librarians ILL librarians;

;

3.3.5.

,

.

.

,

(hardware)

(software) .

122

(tutorials).

,

. ,

.

.

(Kazmer, 2002).

,

.

.

.

,

. ,

.

,

,

:

( ). ( ). ( , , .).

.

123

3.4.

,

. 30

. 22

,

.

.

15 ,

,

.

()

;

20 2 91%

, ; 17 5 77%

; (,

, CD, ..)

17 5 77%

/ ; 16 6 73%

; 2 20 9%

/ ; 1 21 4,5%

/

;

10 12 45%

, /, ;

17 5 77%

124

;

21 1 .. 96,5%

/;

3 19 14%

/

8000 ,

;

3 19 14%

/

Internet /

;

9 13 41%

;

22 -- 100%

;

17 5 77%

; 18 4 82%

, ,

.

/ ;

, .. ......11

......................................................................5

( ,

)

........................................2

...................2

,

,

. , ,

125

,

.

/ ,

;

( ).......7

( )...................6

..............................................4

................................................3

.................................................................................1

Internet....1

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.................................................................................1

................................................................................1

..............................................................................1

- :

1. 73% .

.

.

. ,

.

,

.

()

, ,

.

2. 45%

. .

126

.

3.

77%

.

.

4.

,

.

5. 82%

,

, .

3.5.

,

.

(Argentati, 1999):

1. (Instructional Services).

2. (Faculty Communication and Liaison).

3. (Access to Information Resources).

4. (Reference and Consultation

Services).

, ,

, .. ,

.

(subject specialists)

.

127

, ,

.. ,

,

,

, ..

.

3.6.

.

.

.

:

1. .

2. .

. ,

, .

(student-centered focus),

(on-campus).

128

.

.

.

, ,

(Barron, 2002).

. ,

.

Marchionini Maurer (1995)

: (practical),

(cultural) (social and intellectual).

,

.

.

(Distance

Learning Environment). Austen

(1998),

, ,

.

(from ownership to access)

(from re-active to pro-

active involvement).

129

.

.

.

(personalization). ,

,

.

, ,

,

.

, Open University

.

(annotation),

annotation systems .

(Pasch,

Arias, 2004).

, .

, ,

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131

University of South Carolina

(Electronic Resources

Guide)26 ,

,

eRequest, e-mail alert, online

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University of South Carolina

.

Abram (2004)

.

SCORM (Shareable Content Object

Reference Model), XML, ..

,

(learning objects)

.

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bibliography Webliographies),

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Ask a

Librarian, F.A.Q., ..

OpenURL,

26 Electronic Resources Guide University of South Carolina.

: http://www.sc.edu/library/pubserv

132

. ,

.

Clark Store (1998) :

.

.

. ,

.

.

online .

.

e-learning

, Roes (2001).

, ,

(knowledge-sharing),

(modules),

.

.

133

.

.

3.7.1.

(alongside teachers as educators).

(IT skills),

, ,

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(, 2004).

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134

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135

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(learning objects) .

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(Abram, 2004).

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136

4.

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.

,

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80.000.000

. Centre National d

Enseignement a Distance (CNED) 3.200.000

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CNED 350.000 .

, ,

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:

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27 ECAR Respondent Summary (2003). Evolving Campus Support Models for E-Learning Courses, p.

2.

137

, Keegan (2001).

.

.

(, , 2001).

.

(, ., 2001).

,

:

(On-Campus) (Off-

Campus).

.

(ACRL, 2000).

.

,

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. , ...,

.

.

138

(integration) .

LMS

CMS .

e-learning, Texas

University TILT (Information Literacy Blackboard WebCT).

CrossRef OpenURL.

139

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. :

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.

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142

.

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Ask a Librarian Chat with a librarian).

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143

.

.

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28 .

.

,

.

, .

. ,

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.

28 meet the user needs

.

.

,

.

144

,

.

,

.

,

.

145

.

The American Journal of Distance Education: http://www.ajde.com/

Asian Journal of Distance Education: http://www.asianjde.org/

Australian Journal of Educational Technology:

http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet.html

Distance Education: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01587919.asp

Distance Learning

e-JIST-e-Journal of Instructional Science and Technology:

http://www.usq.edu.au/electpub/e-jist/

EURODL-European Journal on Open and Distance Learning: http://www.eurodl.org

International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning:

http://www.itdl.org/

IRRODL-International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning:

http://www.irrodl.org/

JLSDE-The Journal of Library Services for Distance Education:

http://www.westga.edu/~library/jlsde/

Journal of Distance Education: http://cade.athabascau.ca/

Online Journal of Distance Education and Communication:

Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration:

http://www.westga.edu/~distance/jmain11.html

Open Education-the Journal for Open and Distance Education and Educational

Technology: http://www.opennet.gr/

Open Learning: the Journal of Open and Distance Learning:

http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/02680513.asp

TOJDE-The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education:

http://todge.anadolu.edu.tr

146

. (e-learning)

Electronic Journal of eLearning: http://www.ejel.org

eLearning Journal: http://www.elearningjournal.com/

.

Assessment in Education: principles, policy & practice:

http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/0969594X.asp

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education:


The Journal of General Education:

http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_general_education/

Journal of the Learning Sciences: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/lst/jls/

The New Review of Libraries and Lifelong Learning:


147

.

. :

(....): http://www.opennet.gr/main.php

.

(....):

http://www.adulteduc.gr/

,

.

. :

International Council for Distance Education-ICDE

http://www.icde.org

1938

UNESCO

,

.

148

.

European Association for Distance LearningEADL

http://www.eadl.org

EADL ,

. EADL

, ,

, .

.

European Association of Distance Teaching Universities-EADTU

http://www.eadtu.nl

1987

. -

. EADTU

Heerlen

.

European Distance and E-learning Network-EDEN

http://www.eden-online.org

EDEN 1991. e-learning

,

.

, .

149

European University Association-EUA

http://www.eua.be

EUA Association of European Universities

Confederation of European Union Rectors Conferences

2001. EUA

.

, .

European Universities Continuing Education Network-EUCEN

http://www.eucen.org

1991

.

188 39 .

European Federation for Open and Distance LearningE.F.ODL

http://www5.vdab.be/vdab/test/efodl/top2.htm

E.F.ODL on-line

. newsletter,

, ,

.

150

EDUCASE

http://www.educase.edu

EDUCASE

.

1800 ,

180 (, 2003, . 276).

German Association for Distance EducationGADE

http://www.ag-fernstudium.de/

German Association for Distance Education 270

. ,

.

Finnish Association for Distance LearningFDE

,

. ,

, (, 1999).

Open and Distance Learning Association of AustraliaODLAA

http://www.odlaa.org

Canadian Association for Distance EducationCADE

http://www.cade-aced.ca

151

Abram, S. (2004). Twenty ways for all librarians to be successful with e-Learning.

Information Outlook, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 42-44.

ACRL - Association of College & Research Libraries (2004a). Guidelines for

Distance Learning Library Services.

:

http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlstandards/guidelinesdistance.htm

ACRL - Association of College & Research Libraries (2004b). Guidelines for

Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries.

:

http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlstandards/guidelines

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