Kratki pregled nacina iskazivanja buduceg vremena u engleskom jeziku:

Nacini iskazivanja buducnosti u engleskom jeziku su brojni i zavise vecinom od kontekstualnih faktora, dok naravno postoje i nacini koji se smatraju uobicajenima i cesce se koriste od ostalih. Najznacajniji je svakako simple future tense, odnosno upotreba modalnih glagola WILL i (redje u modernom engleskom) SHALL za formiranje iskaza koji oznacava buduce vreme. Postoje i dodatne nijanse znacenja koje podrazumeva upotreba modalnih glagola, ali cu se zadrzati striktno na funkciju oznacavanja buduceg vremena.

1) Simple Future Tense:

Gradi se: Upotrebom modalnih glagola will i shall iza kojih sledi glagol u infinitivu (bez to). Shall se koristi za 1. lice jednine ili mnozine. Dakle,

WILL (SHALL) + Vinf = Simple Future Tense

Pr. They will arrive tomorrow I shall do that for you.

Pitanja se postavljaju inverzijom will i shall i subjekta recenice:

Will they arrive tomorrow? Shall you do that for me?

Odricne recenice se grade dodavanjem not na will i shall, sa skracenim oblicima won’t I shan’t:

They will not arrive tomorrow. I shan’t do that for you.

Upotreba: Koristi se da izrazi predvidjanja u vezi buducnosti, u kondicionalnim recenicama I tipa, i uopste u nacescim slucajevima kada zelimo da izrazimo bilo sta u buducem kontekstu, izrazimo predvidjanja ili iznesemo neke cinjenice. U ona znacenja modalnije prirode spada izrazavanje voljnosti da se nesto uradi, ili nekih spontanih odluka.

Priloske odredbe: Prepoznaje se po npr. tomorrow, the next day/month/century, etc. ali se ove odredbe upotrebljavaju i za ostala vremena, pa to nije pouzdan nacin razlikovanja. Kontekst u kome se ‘will future’ upotrebljava je takodje veoma sirok.

Primer multiple choice testa:

a) I will done that first thing in the morning.b) She shall go there tomorrow.c) My mother will buy me those shoes if I had had

good marks.d) Mr Gray will come here at 5 o’clock.e) Will she goes home when you arrive?

2) Future Continuous Tense:

Gradi se: Uz pomoc modalnog glagola will, infinitiva glagola to be i glavnog glagola sa nastavkom –ing (present pariciple):

WILL BE + V-ing = Future Continuous Tense

Pr. At 5 o’clock I will be sleeping.

Pitanja se grade inverzijom will, a odricne recenice dodavanjem not na will:

Will you be sleeping at 5 o’ clock? At 5 o’clock I won’t be sleeping.

Upotreba: Upotrebljava se za radnje koje ce biti u toku u odredjeno vreme u buducnosti, sa pocetkom pre navedenog vremena u recenici, i takodje za neke buduce dogadjaje koji ce se svakako dogoditi, bez nase voljne odluke ili plana (We’ll be seeing each other)

Priloske odredbe: Takodje je tesko reci da neka priloska odredba definitivno ide samo uz Future Continuous, iz konteksta se moze zakljuciti da treba da se upotrebi, ako imamo dogadjaj u toku i navedeno vreme kao orijentir.

Primer multiple choice testa:

a) Maybe I be talking to my brother about it.b) She will be arrived by then.c) Alice will be doing the dishes when you

come home.d) Will be Garry having dinner at 8 o’clock?e) Who will be you working with?

3) Future in the Past:

Gradi se : Pojam future in the past oznacava razlicite oblike koji su u stvari nastali slicnim

procesom kao pomeranje vremena unazad, pa tako izmedju ostalog imamo sledece oblike:

Am/Is going to = was going to

Are going to = were going to

Present continuous (am/is meeting) = past continuous (was meeting)

Present continuous (are meeting) = past continuous (were meeting)

Future simple (will) = would

Medjutim, najvazniji bi bili oblici sa would (kao, uslovno receno, proslo vreme od modala will) i glagolom u infinitivu, i oblik sa glagolom to be u proslom vremenu, going to I glagolom u infinitivu:

WOULD + Vinf = Future in the Past

WAS/ WERE + GOING TO + Vinf = Future in the Past

Pr. I said I would help him later.I knew he was going to do it.

Pitanja su inverzija pomocnih glagola, koji god da je upotrebljen, ili modala – npr. would, a odricne recenice se formiraju dodavanjem not na pomocne glagole:

Was he going to be there?I was not going to give you the money.

Would he do it?I woldn’t be there had I known that.

Upotreba: Upotrebljavamo future in the past kada govorimo o necemu sto se u odnosu na

pomenuti trenutak u proslosti jos nije dogodilo. Dakle, u odnosu na sadasnjost dogadjaj je u proslosti, ali u odnosu na referent koji u recenici koristimo – a to je odredjena tacka u proslost, dogadjaj se jos nije odvio, i stoga je u buducnosti.

Priloske odredbe: Kontekst je bitan za odredjivanje sleda dogadjaja, ako se koristi radnja u proslosti kao referent, onda je radnja koja sledi future in the past.

Primer multiple choice testa:

a) Silvia said she would be late.b) Brian were not going to do the job that morning.c) You would bought the book after the

presentation.d) My parents was to be at home the next week.e) Were they gioing to came?

4) Future Perfect Tense:

Gradi se: Na modalni glagol will dodaje se glagol have u prezentu i past participle (glagol sa nastavkom –ed ili glagol iz 3. kolone nepravilnih glagola):

WILL + HAVE + Vpast part. = Future Perfect Pr. We will have it all done by noon.

Pitanja se postavljaju inverzijom will, odricne sa will not/ won’t: Will we have it all done by noon?

We won’t have it all done by noon.

Upotreba: Upotrebljava se za radnje koje ce se okoncati do navedenog vremena u buducnosti, ovo vreme ze za razliku od ostalih upotrebljava samo za odredjen tip recenica, i nije cesto u upotrebi u govornom jeziku.

Priloske odredbe: sve koje imaju by, until, etc. na pocetku (by tomorrow, by next Saturday, until eight o’clock, etc.), kao I neke druge sa slicnim znacenjem.

Primer multiple choice testa:

a) They will have it all finished during the last

weekend.b) Will Melisa has done the homework by

tomorrow?c) She will have them prepared until the test.d) What room you will have painted?e) Have they will done it until their parents

return?

5) Be going to + infinitive:

Gradi se: Samo ime pokazuje kako se gradi – uz pomoc glagola to be u odgovarajucem obliku, going to i glagol u infinitivu:

BE GOING TO + Vinf

Pr. He is going to be late. I’m going to buy a new car next week.

Za pitanja vrsimo inverziju glagola to be, a odricne recenice dobijamo kad na njega dodamo not, pa imamo am not (koji nema skraceni oblik!), is not/ isn’t, i are not/ aren’t:

Is he going to be late?He isn’t going to be late.Are you going to buy a new car next week?I am not going to buy a new car next week.

Upotreba: Za izrazavanje namere ili voljnosti da se neka radnja izvrsi u buducnosti – dakle, ispunjenje sadasnje namere u buducnosti, ili dogadjaj u buducnosti kao rezultat nekog sklopa okolnosti u sadasnjosti (She’s pregnant – she’s going to have a baby.). Takodje koristi se za izrazavanje uverenosti da ce se nesto u buducnosti dogoditi – jaci stepen od prostog predvidjanja dogadjaja, pomalo modalno znacenje.

Priloske odredbe: kontekst je najbitniji za odredjivanje upotrebe ove konstrukcije, nema neke odredjene odredbe.

Primer multiple choice testa:

a) Are they going to come or not?b) I going to buy muself a nice pair of shoes.c) The girl with a red hair is going buy them

first.d) I’m will going to be angry.e)Shall we going to hurry up?