Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
K�s�n� t��n� kur� pul�m t�n�,
d� k�l� n� k� k� k�
K�s�n� t�� k�m n� t�n
(Tr�ces de l'h�sto�re des K�s�n�)
Kas�m t�n-v��r 3 - 49
França�s pages 51 - 99
2
L'�lph�bet ut�l�se� d�ns cette publ�c�t�on est en �ccord
�vec l'�lph�bet �grée� p�r l� Comm�ss�on N�t�on�le des
L�ngues Burk�n�be�.
Deux�ème éd�t�on
Deux�ème �mpress�on
Prem�er tr�mestre 2008
Tous dro�ts réserve�s
Soc�été 'ntern�t�on�le
de L�ngu�st�que 01 B.P. 1784
Ou�g�dougou 01 Burk�n� F�so
Envoyez vos quest�ons et suggest�ons à
Aw4 & K�w4, Urs & 'dd� N�ggl�
B.P. 1784, Ou�g�dougou 01
Burk�n� F�so
courr�er électron�que: Urs-'dd�_N�ggl�@s�l.org
KS0107
3
1. L�g� b�!� kur�m pul�m
K�s=n� b>?= n=, w4yuu d= t=g� y=
z>?-pum m>. W4 l��n m� bAAr=
z>?� k�m k>nt>. D= n� bAAr=-k� t=n,
k� puur� d=m d=d>� b� n� bB� n=
t=g� t=n, m� tu kur� k> d��r=, y= k�
puur� d=l> b� n� m�= b� bB� n=
w4yuu t=n d�n b�?�. K>nt> m> w4
n� n��n= w4yuu d= t=g� te t=n.
K>nt> kw�g� n=, w4 l��n m� d=
?>n� k� n� z=g= w4yuu n= k� b� k�
kw��r= t=g�. C>n� k�m k>nt> m>
d�y�gB nAAn> w>m d4 o tu t=g�
b�?�. W4 d44n pug� z>?� m> o yuu
n=, d= d��r= d= l4-o t�nkAlA. W>nt>
m> y= t=g� k�m tu, b4?w��n= w4
kwe t=g� k�m d= p� w>nt> m>.
Z>?� k�m w4 n� pug� o yuu n= t=n,
k> y= s= o t� m� p�= t=g� k�m m>
n� s= k� t�� nyA�.
K> d��r= z>?� k�m puur� d=m d=d>�
k�l> n� y= w4yuu t=n, m> w4 j��n=
d= d�n d= te. K>nt> m> te, K�s=n� n�
l�g= b� k��n= jwBm b� yBn� b� t4
b=t�r� k�nt>, b� w=: «B�?�-w4 d= d=
k��n= K�t=g� z>?� d= k� puur� t=n.»
M�?� m��m�, b� yBn� b� t4 b=t�r�
k�m k>nt> m> y�gB, y= b� l��n d��r=
b� k��n= b� jwBm.
4
T=g� k�m d44n y= t=-l=� m> bwBm y=r�n= n=n44n= bwBru
te. K> y= vu-fArA d44n m> tu k> b� k> ful� k� b�?� n= y= k�
b�?� k�m l��n k>. K> d��r= k� kur� d=m t� y= bwBm
y=r�n= m>.
K>l> k>l> d44n n�n y� t� tBr� t=g� b�?� n=, k> y= z>?-lAAn=
d=m m> j=g= wBBnu t=l> m��m� l��n n� w> l>g> b�?� n=
t=n. B4?w��n= w4 d44n kwe z>?-lAAn= d=m d= p� t=g� tu
w>m m>. T=g� tu w>m l��n n� k��n= t=g� k�m b�?� n=
k>nt> t=n, m> z>?-lAAn= d=m l��n j�g� b��r� d= k��n� y= b�
l>r�, k> wBl� d= v�r� d= wo-duuru k> n� y= m=n�-b�, d=
mumunB-b�, d= wBBnu t= dw� t= dw�.
T=g� k�m kw�g� n=, w4 l��n k= k��n=m je m> t=g� k�m
b�?� n=, b� n� m�= b� bB� n= t�ngw�n�. W4 n�n k=
t�ngw�n� y�m d= p� t=g� k�m m>. K> l�g= k> t� n= t=g�
k�m y= t�ngw�n� y�m nu m>,
y= t�ngw�n� y�m y= t=g� k�m
b�B. M�?� k�l> m��m� t=g�
k�m tu w>m n� yBn� o k��n=
t=g� k�m t=n, t�ngw�n� y�m
m> j��n= k��n=m d=m y� d��n�
w4-sA?A. Y� n� j��n= k��n=m
d=m y� d�n, w4 l��n w>� yBn�
d= kwe wBBnu d= p�-y�, s= y�
j� tu t=g�. K>nt> m> p4 wBBnu t=l> n� w> t=g� b�?� n=
t=n, k> n� y= n�b��nB l>r� d= wo-v��l> kBm, d= v�r� br> d=
wBBnu z�nz�n kBm, w> l>g> b�?� n=.
D�y�gB nAAn> w>l> w4 n� y�g= t=g� b�?� n=, s= o t�� y=
t=g� tu t=n, m> y= K�s=n� dw� d=m kur� n� pul� w>l> y=r� n=
t=n, k> l�g= k> t� n= m> K�s=n� dw� d=m n�-n�b��r>.
5
M> d�y�gB nAAn� b�l> n� w> t=g� b�?� n= t=n kur� n� pul�
te t=n. T=g� tu d44n y= w>l> n� y= w4 t=nt>?n> s= o t�� n��
t=g� k�m b�?� n= t=n m>. T=g� tu w�r= wo?-wo?o o
n��n=, t=g� tu n�n m> p4 wBBnu t=l> n� w> t=g� b�?� n=
t=n, k> n� y= w>d�u n�� wBBnu t=donnB t=m m��m� b�,
t= w> t=g� b�?� n=.
2. T��n� kur� n� pul� te t�n
T==n= kur� pul�m y= kun� z�nz�n m> K�s=n� tee n=. Am� d=K
n� l�g= d=K n��, t= d=d>� d=d>� w>n= k> y= wBBnu t=tA m> d=K
n� d� t��n t��n :
D�y�g% tu w�= k> y= nAAn> w>l> n� beer� o vu jBn� jBgB n=
t=n. K> w�= k> y= p�-bu, n�� tAAr>, n�� n�y=r> ....... .
B�le tu m� y= nAAn> m> m�?= o w= k� jBgB k�m n=.
B�t� tu m�� y= k> culB jBgB.
D=K n� kwe d�y�g% tu w>m, t=> p��r= kur� pul� nAAn> w>l>
n� beer� o nu?� je s=donnB o b� o jBn� t=n y=r� n= m> m�?�
m��m�. T=> k>m p��r= kw�r� k�m w> w>nt> j=?� n= m>.
D=K n� kwe b�le tu w>m, nAAn� b�l> n� yBn� b� m�?= b�
w> t=> k>m n= t=n, m> k�r= b� j�r� t=> k>m t=g� t��nB.
B�t� tu w>m, k> culB jBgB k�m, yBn� k� y= t�ngw�m jBgB
m>, k� jBgB k�m k>nt> yBn� k� w�= k� y= p�u, n�� pu?u,
n�� �s�w4 bugB. T�ngw�m d=m y=r= d=m m> yBn� d= b�
d= j� t=> k>m y=r=.
K> n� d4 te t=nt> m��m� t=n m> te K�s=n� tee n=, nAAn�
b�le m> te t=>, k> y= p� d= t�g� tu m>.
Te l��n n� b==n= tAnA k>nt> w>n= t=n, l��n y= C�bBl� d=
t==n= d=l> n� k��g=-d= t=n kur� pul�m wo?o m>, d=K l��n l�g=
d=K ?AAn=, k> y= SA?A d= K�y�� d= Poo d= K�mp�l� m>.
6
3. C�b%l� kur� n� pul� te t�n
Pul�m n= t=n, dw� kun� b=le d44n m> je
t=> k>m d=K z=m n� m� bB� C�bBl� t=n n=.
Dw� d=m d=d>� d44n y= W��r�b�% m>,
b�nt> d44n ?w= pweeru d= tweeru
yum n= m>.
Dw� d=do? d=m m� y= Kumbul� (n��
KwBllB). Dw� d=nt> d=m kAgA d44n m>
d�g= z�nz�n. Dw� d=nt> d44n z>>r=
t=-nw�m d= bwBllu t= n= m>.
W�r=-dAnA d44n n�n m> w> dwB y�nt>
y�le t=t�r= n=.
W��r� b�%
C�bBl� p�u n= Kumbul� b�%
B=n� 1740? m�?� k�m seen� m> B%ll%
p�-bu, o y=r= n� y= P�tw4ngom� c�g=
p��r= o g� o t=> n=, k> y=r= n� y=
Lumb�l% W�g�d>g> tBkBr� n=. O n� g4
k>nt> t=n, o l��n m� beer� jBgB s= o
jBn� d� d= o nAAn�. O m� beer� o b� o
y� C�bBl� t=> k>m k>nt> n=. M�?� k�m o
n� y� C�bBl� t=n, bwBnB m�� j=g-o. O d=
o nAAn� b�m m� z=g= C�bBl� p�u k>m
tB?B n= s= b� s�n. P�u k>m k>nt> w>
7
M�nco?o seen� m>, k> lA?A y= colo 7 m> d= C�bBl� w>. B�
n� jBn� s= b� s�n k>nt> t=n, n�-nyAm m� j=g=-b�. O m� n�
k�y�nk��n= d= dur� d= vu d= z> pulArA kur�.
O m� w=, k> n� y= c=g�, n� m> w> pulArA
k>m kur� n=. PulArA k>m n�n t��n� k> d�g=
m> z�nz�n y= k> kwBr� k> dunB. (PulArA
k>m k>nt> d�� t� w>r� d= z=m m��m�.)
D�n-fArA m� b� p�-bu w>m y=r� w>n= n= wo-k=nk�g=l= te,
k> m� p� o w�n=-k> o b�b�l� o y�g= d��� n= o d��r= n�, y= o
d= o nAAn� b�m nyA.
K>nt> kw�g� n= o m� twBr� sw�n s= o d= o nAAn� b�m
p��r= b� jBn� d���n=. O m� loor� jBgB W��r>b�B b�m tee n=,
b4?w��n= W��r>b�B b�m d44n m> w> p�u k>m k>nt> n=.
W��r>b�B b�m m� s4 b� p�-b� jBgB s= b� jBn�. P�-bu w>m
m� jBn� d� o d� W��r>b�B b�m bukA o l> b�B z�nz�n.
K> n� d4 d4 t=n, t=> k>m t��nB m� loor� BBllB p�-bu w>m
k>nt>, s= o t� kw4 w�r=-dAnA k>l> n� w>� yBn� k> b�
W��r>b�B b�m d= Kumbul� b�B b�m l�?� n= t=n. B4?w��n=,
P�tw4ngom� n� y= vBru b� t=t�r= n= t=n ?w��n=.
P�tw4ngom� d= m� s==n= o s4, y= o nyw�n= y�gB o k= t=t>?=
d=m k>nt> l�ny=r�n=.
M�?� m� b� w>r� Kumbul� b�B b�m m� w= s= P�tw4ngom�
tAg= W��r>b�B b�m kw�g� m>, o n� je W��r>b�B b�m
w>n= t=n ?w��n=. K>nt> ?w��n= Kumbul� b�B b�m m� c=,
s= BBllB b�m d�� y= z�?= b� mA n� bolo t=g� v>l= d=m n=.
Y= k�nt> m�?� k�m n= BBllB b�m kAgA k>m l��n t��n� k>
pul� m> k> wBl� d�. K> n� k= k>nt> t=n, W��r>b�B b�m d=
BBllB b�m m� wBl� d��n= b� d= j�r� d= Kumbul� b�B b�m.
8
K�nt> m�?� k�m n= Z�br� p� w>m d= n�n
y= bBllu t=n, m� z�?= o b� o tAg= o zBn�
W��r>b�B b�m d= BBllB b�m. K>nt> l��n
m� p� b� w�n= Kumbul� b�B b�m b� zBl�
b� p� b� v��r�.
K>nt> m> p4 Kumbul� b�B b�m z�?= b�
vu b� jBn� C�bBl� t=> k>m j�gw�B
seen�, t=> k>m k>nt> m> b� m�= b�
bB� s= Kollo z=m t=n. KwBllB dw� d=m y= Kumbul� b�B m>, k>
d��r= Gorob�B dw� d=m n� y= b=dw= d= W��r>b�B t=n, y=
BBllB b�m dw� d=m d= n� jBn� d= j� K�s=n� t=n m>.
W��r�b�%
CBbBl� p�u B%ll% b�m n� beer� b� b� t=n
Kumbul� (KwBllB)
Kollo
4. C�b%l� p��r� d�m kur� n� pul� te t�n
P�tw4ngom� t=t= w> j�g� p4 o d= nAAn� b�l> n� j�?= b� jo?�
jBgB k�m t=n b�?� n=. P�tw4ngom� y=r= d=do? d44n m> y=
L=�. P�tw4ngom� bu-b��r> d44n m> y= K�l=gA?A. K�l=gA?A
w>m k>nt> m> l>g= Bw�nc�t�. Bw4nc4t= w>m k>nt> m>
j�g� t=> k>m d�y�gB p4.
K> n�n n� y= nAAn� b�donnB tee n=, k> y= Bw4nc4t= w>m
9
bu Wongo m> j�g� d�y�gB p4.
P�-d>>r= d=m k>nt> kur� nu?�
kw�r� k�l> b� n� jo?� Gh�n�
n= G�mb�� N�loro M�mpr>s=
p4 tee n= t=n m>. Kw�r� k�m
k>nt> m> p�= b� n� wAnA
n�j�r� z�nz�n w>n=.
K> d44n n� d4 te d= te y=
Wongo m� n� kw�r� k�m t=n
m> t=nt>:
K�nt> m�?� k�m n= m>
K�s=n� d� N�loro p��r= d=m t=n, K�s=n� b�m p4 w>m n�
tu o t= t=n, Dulu d= Wongo m� t� b� y�gB s= b� d� p��r=
d=m k>nt>. B� d=d>� d=d>� m� t� b� y�gB, s= b� vu p��r=
d=m t�?�nu w>m te N�loro n=, s= b� jo?� b� t=> k>m p��r=
d=m b� b�. K�nt> m�?� k�m n= n�n, k> y= p4 y=r�n= m>
m�?= s= o d�n s�sB?B, s= k> d�= nAAn> m��m�. K>nt>
?w��n= k> m�?= s= b� vu jBgB k�m k>nt> d= n4 m>. B�nt>
b�le w> nAAn> m��m� m� l�g= nAAn� b�l> d= n� tAg= o
kw�g� t=n, o m� o kog�l� o t=t=, s= b� d� d��n= b� vu.
B� l��n m� b� b� z�?= b� t> cwB?B. Dulu m� p� o d= o
kw�g� nAAn� b�m ve l=l�, s= b� loor� o c>r> k>m d�, b�
jo?� p��r= d=m b� d��r-o. K�nt> m�?� k�m n=, Wongo d=
o d= kw�g� nAAn� b�m d= m� w> g�� k>m w>n= b� d= ve
m4m4, b� d= m�� k4�.
B� n� tu b� b�, b� g� cwBBlu t=gr�t> s= b� m� z> N�loro
w>n= t=n, Dulu m� y� k�z=m cwB?B n=. K�z=m w>m k>nt>
m� loor� Dulu s= o j� o d4 o z=?-o, b4?w��n= s= dunB m>
z�nz�n. Dulu n�n n� lAg=r= k>nt> t=n, k> m� p� o fA vw�n
10
o m� v=n k�z=m w>m j�z=?� k�m, o d��r= o k4. Dulu y�
N�loro k> d��n= z�nz�n y= o c>r> Wongo d�� t� w>
cwB?B n=.
Wongo d= d�� m� y� k�z=m w>m k>nt> nAA cwB?B k�m n=.
K�z=m w>m m� loor� o d= d�g� s= o j� o d4 s=m o z=?-o.
Wongo m� s4. Wongo t=t= m> jo?� d4 s=m k�z=m w>m tee
n= o z=?= o vu kw��r= N�loro. Wongo d= k�z=m w>m n� y�
N�loro t=n, k� m�?� k�m k>nt> n=, d=d��n= N�loro p4
w>m w>r� o t� y�gB m> s= o p� Dulu p��r= d=m. Ye n=
k�z=m w>m k>nt> y� y= N�loro p4 w>m nu m>. K�z=m
w>m m� t� d= p4 w>m o w=, o fAg= o b>?= l�ny=r�n= s= o
d��r= o p� p��r= d=m. B4?w��n= Dulu n� y� w>m cwB?B
n= d= d4 s=m t=n, y= w>m loor-o s= o j� o z=?= w>m t=n, o
v=n m>. K> d��r= Wongo n� y� t=n, w>m n� loor-o t=n, o
t=t= m> jo?� d4 s=m o z=?=, d= o n� bwBm t=n m��m� d=.
K> n� b� y= w>m n� y= o nu t=n tee n=, w>m n4 s=
nAAn> w>l> n� j=g= o donnB ?w�n� t=n, m> w>�
w�n= t=> o j�, nAAn> w>nt> do? m> m�?= s= o
d� t=> p��r=. K>nt> m> p4 N�loro p4 w>m
kwe p��r= kw�r� k�m o p� Wongo.
Bu-l�r� kw�r�
K� m�?� k�m n= p4 w>m d= o c>rr> k��n� t>
m> b� bu-d>nn= m�?� n=. K> n� y= k>nt> t=n, b�
m� vu bBrB v>r� s�m n=. K> d4 d4 k>nt> m>
t��n, y= n�nkw=�n d=d>� l��n b� k� t� d= p4
w>m k� w=, k> m�?= s= o beer� kw�r� k�l> n�
w>� p� o n� o t=t= t=n m>, o wBl� o kw�r� k�do? k�m n= s=
s= t� y= s=le. P4 m� s4 y= o p� n� s= b� beer� kw�r� k�m
11
k>nt> jBgB t=> k>m m��m� w>n=. B� m�
b� b� n� kw�r� k�m k>nt> bu d=d>� tee n=
B�l�mw�n� n=. B> w>m k>nt> nu y=
B>l=mw��n� bukA m> o y� n� z> SA?A n=, y= o d= o b�r>
y�g= d��n=, y= o joor� o b� o je o ko sA?A n=, B>l=mw�n�
n=. BBkBrB k�m k>nt> m� s4 s= k� p� p4 w>m bu-l�r�
kw�r� k�m, s= o jo?� o wBl� o n�j�r� kw�r� k�m n=. K>nt>
m� p� s= b� m�?= d��n=, s= p4 w>m t� n�� o d= o b�B b�?�
n=. P4 m� s4 o n�� b� b�?� n=. Kw�r� k�m k>nt> m> l��n
p4 C�bBl� p4 w>m n� w>-zuru l�ny=r�n= o ?w=�
w>n=. B4?w��n= k� p4 o n� dw�
z�nz�n.
K> n� z=g= d���n= k> b� k> w��r=
z=m, B>l=mw��n� m> t� p�= p4
m��m� kw�r� k�m k>nt>. P4
w>l> m��m� n� tu o b� o t=, b�
yBn� b� joor� b� j� kw�r� k�m
k>nt> b� joor� b� b4 B>l=mw�n�
m>, s= b� n� t�?� p�-d>>r> s= b�
d�� joor� b� kwe-k� b� p�-o, o
p��r= d=m t�?� d4 d=m n=.
C%b%l� pw� b�m n� d� p��r= b� to?� d��n= te t=n:
1. Wongo 5. Kw�r� 9. K>ny=d=p4 1890-1919
2. B�r=y=m 6. D�m=n� 10. B�n�yBm 1919-1949
3. F�tu 7. B�j�u 11. Dw�b�jeB 1954-1984
4. K>m�r� 8. K�y�l= (Z�mb�- 12. Pw�w4 2004-
r=m� d44n m> g>-o
b=n� 1890 m�?� n=)
12
13
C�b%l� t�g� t��n% b�m m> t=nt> T=yAlA n= t=n:
1. W��r> 6. Ad�� 11. WAAyBr�
2. Aw=� 7. T=kAA 12. Ad=
3. Pu?u 8. Duguje 13. Aw>vr=
4. L>g>bwBr� 9. K�b��
5. K�m�n� 10. KotuB
5. C�b%l� t�-b�lw� b�gr�t� kur� n� pul� te t�n
C�bBl� d�y�gB t>-b�lw� b�m d44n
y=: Gorob�%, d= K�s�r� d= Duln��n
m>. T>-b�lw� b�m k>nt> d= b�
n�wuurB y�m m> k= d��n= y� j�
C�bBl� t=> k>m z=m z=m. T>-b�lw�
b�m k>nt> t��nB w=: b�m y= Wongo
b�B m>, w>l> w>m o n� pul� C�bBl�
p��r= d=m kur� t=n. Wongo k�-n�kw=n w>m bBkBrB m> y=
C�c�m, bu w>nt> m> y= Wongo bu-kw=�n. K��n= w>nt>
bBkBrB m> t� y= B�s�r�. B�sArA w>m k>nt> m> d44n y=
Wongo bBkBr� s=tA tu. B�nt> b�m k>nt> m> y= K�s=r� d=
Gorob�B b�m kur� pul�m je. Wongo k��n� b�le tu w>m m>
l>g= Dullu. Dullu w>m k>nt> m> y= Wongo bBkBr� t=t�r=n>.
D>ln=�n b�m d= kur� pul� Dullu w>m k>nt> y=r�n= m>.
14
W��r�b�%
C�bBl� p�u Gorob�%
Duln��n
K�s�r�
Kumbul� (Kollo)
N�wuurB y�donnB d= t>-b�lw� b�donnB d= w=, b�m d= y=
Wongo c>rr> b�B, n�� Wongo t=t= b�B b�m dw� m>, y�m
m> t=nt>: Gump=�, T�ng�s>g>, d= M�myArA, d=d��n= Loo,
d= T=yAlA d= 'den=�n d=.
W��r�b�% T�y�l� 2den��n
Gump��
B�l�mw�n� Gorob�% Loo
Duln��n
K�s�r� Geno
Kumbul� (Kollo)
T�ng�s�g�
M�my�r�
15
G%nn% b�donnB w=, b�m y= nAAn� b�l> n� z=g= Z�br= n=
b� b�, b� zBn� C�bBl� p4 w>m y= o zBl� Kumbul� b�B b�m t=n
dw� d=m nAAn� m>.
T>-b�l�?� k�l> d= d�� n� s�?= k> k= b=le tu t=n y= Kollo
m>. Kollo n�wuurB y= z�nz�n m>, k> y=: PAgA d= B�t�n=�n
d= Zek� d= P�s>?> d= Z��b�B d= C4vulu m>.
D= z=m m��m� KwBllB m> t� y= t�g� t��n%. D=K n� l�g= d=K
n��, kun� z�nz�n k> y= k��n= w>l> n� z> Kollo b��r> t=n, y=
o d= o b�r> w>m y�g= d��n= n�� �s�w4 o b�r> w>m m>
t=g= y= o b� o ko sA?A, w>nt> b�B m> j�r� t=g� t��nB b�
n�br� sA?A k>m n=. K> culB je s=m z�nz�n y= KwBllB m>
te. B� n�nkw=n s=l> m��m� n� l�g= s= k��n=, s= w>� d�
y�gB s= bB?� Kollo y=r= m>, y= s= d��r= s= l��n k��n= jwBm
d=m.
Lele k>nt> je-dw=n s=donnB w>r� s= n� y= t>-b�lw�. D=K n�
kwe m=m�?=, S�s�r� y= t=> k>l> Gump=� t��nB d= nAAn�
b�donnB n� ve b� jBn� b� k�r= n= s= b� t�� v�r= t=n m>. K>
z=m j�g� t=>. T=> k>l> b� n� m�= b� bB� B�d��b�% s�m t=n,
y= Duln=�n nAAn� m> ve b� jBn� d� y= k> j� t=>.
6. S�!�-N�tr� kur� n� pul� te t�n
TAAr> w>do? d44n m> w>r� o y=r= n� y= T�nk�r�.
T�nk>r> w>m k>nt> d44n m� zBl� g�-n�� o
vu y�-k> o g>.
O n� y�-k> o g> t=n, n�-nyAm
m�� j=g-o, o l��n m�� beer�
16
n� je s= o nyA. O n� beer� k>nt> t=n o m� t>l= o n� ny>� k�
n� z�?= w44n= N�wur� n=. O m� yAAr= ny>� k�m seen� o
ve, o m� vu o y� bugB k�l> b� n� m�= b� bB� n= TAAn> t=n
n�. O n� y� bugB k�m k>nt> n� t=n, o m� n� sA?A k>
b�tw�r= d= k�.
SA?A k>nt> tu y=r= m> As�vBru. As�vBru w>m d= o k��n�
d= o b�B m> z>>r= d�. B� yBr� As�vBru w>m k>nt> kur� n�
pul� m4 t=n. As�vBru w>m k>nt> m> y= nAAn� b�l> n� y=
S�nn� t=n n�-n�b��r>. D= z=m m��m� dw� d=m k>nt> m>
d�� t� te T�ngw�m d=l> b� n� m� bB� S�!� t=n.
TAAr> w>m m� vu o loor� n� s= o nyA sA?A k>m
t��nB tee n=. SA?A k>m tu w>m m� t� d= o k�-
sono s= o k= n� o p� vBru w>m. K��n= w>m m�
v=n s= o k= n� b�m o p�-o. B4?w��n= tAAr> w>m
n� d�g�m� k>nt> t=n, m> o b� l�g= s= o kwe o n�-
z>?� o m� k= n� o p�-o. SA?A k>m tu m� d��
bB?� o k��n= w>do? o t� d=d-o. K��n= w>nt> m�
s4 o z> o p�r= o n�-z>?-?>?� o m�
k= n� o p� vBru w>m. TAAr> w>m
m� l= g�-n�� k>m cw4 d=m o p�
k��n= w>m k>nt>, o l�ny=r�n= kBm
d=m ?w��n=. B4?w��n=, tAAr> w>m
n� g> g�-n�� k>m t=n, o y� l= k> cw4 d=m m>
o j=g�. K>nt> kw�g� n=, b� m� d� b� vu b� zBn� tAAr>
w>m b� po g�-n�� k>m b� z=?= b� b�. B� n� j��n= b� y�
t=n As�vBru m� l�g= s= b� j� nw�n� y�m b� j� b� z> o k�-
sono k>m d�gB, tAAr> w>m d= m� v=n, y= o d��r= o p� b�
j� b� z> w>l> n� p4-o n� b�m t=n d�gB. B4?w��n=, k�-sono
k>m y� n� v=-o n� b�m t=n ?w��n=.
K> d4 k>nt> m> y= T�nk>r> p��r= o z>>r= As�vBru sA?A n=,
17
k��n= w>l> n� p4-o n� b�m y= o nyA t=n d�gB n=. K��n=
w>m k>nt> n�n y� j=g= bukA m>, o y=r= n� y= K�tumtum.
T�nk>r> m� d� bukA w>m o m� k= o k��n= o l> bu o p� o
y=r= o w= G��y�B.
D4 d=d>� m> As�vBru tu o b� o t� d= T�nk>r> o w=, k>
l��n m�?= s= o d= nu?� o l�g= jBgB m> o jBn�, b4?w��n= k>
w> m�?= s= nAAn> d= o bukA b�r> t�� z>>r= d��n=. O m�
p� tAAr> w>m jBgB o t=g� k�m b�?� n=, s= o d= m� lA o t=t=
sA?A. G��y�B bu m> l>g= bu w>l> n� j�g� SA?A-N�tr= d�y�gB
p4 t=n. N�n m> SA?A-N�tr= kur� n� pul� te t=n m> k>nt>.
S�!�-N�tr� (S�!� 1) pw� b�m n� d� p��r= b� to?� d��n=
te t=n:
1. K�sAgA 5. N�hw>nt�g� 9. P4b=jeB
2. G>ns�g= 6. Po�d�m 10. Aj�mb4 1961-1988
3. Mw�nl4 7. Ad>� 11. Z=mny=m 1990-
4. Abwom 8. P4y=s�n
18
7. S�!� 22 kur� n� pul� te t�n
SA?gAAn� n�b��r> w>m d44n nu?� Luru m>. O y=r= m>
As�mp��s�, k> kur� m> As�n�. O d44n y= tAAr> m> c=g�
c=g�. O m� beer� g�� o b� o y� SA?gAA t=g� b�?� o k= o
tAAr=m d�l� d�. O m� beer� g�� y= o joor� o tu� o pBn� d�l�
y�m n=. D4 d=dw= o m� beer� o yAAr= SA?A-N�tr= seen=, o
n� d��r= n= l�?� f==n s= o y� d� t=n, m> o n� b� n� m�g=
m=n�. O n� y� b� te o t� t=n, h�y� m=n-m�g=n� b�m kwBr�
b� jeer-o b� m�g= d= mw�l� y�m b� bBr� b� t�?�.
K>nt> m��m�, b� y� b>?= d= o b==n= o t�-b� m> d= o t�?�
k�m. D= m=n� y�m tu y=r= m> y= Ap��r�. Ap44r= m� w=:
«A loor� �� tee n= s= �� y�g= s= ��� g> b��r> w>m.» M=n-
m�g=n� b�m m� s4, y= b� y�g-o, h�l= d= k> c4 o y=r� n=.
Ap44r= w>m m� p� b� lo-o n�, y= o joor� o b�n.
Ap44r= m� bwe-o o w=: «Nm> nu?� yBn m> ?» O m� w>
lBr�. «Nm> y=r= m> b44 m> ?» O t� w�r= o lBr�. M=n-
m�g=n� b�m m� w=: «O d�� j=g= y=r= n� ? O y=r= m>
K>sumw�l�.» K>nt> m��m�, o t� b� te o t=t=, o y=r� b�
d�n�. Ap44r= m� kwe-o o vu o p� t�ngw�m tu w>l> y=r=
n� y= As�vBru t=n, SA?A-N�tr= n=. D= z=m m��m�, dw� d=m
k>nt> m> k��n= t�ngw�m d=l> b� n� bB� n= SA?A t=n.
T�ngw�m tu w>m m� w=: «Ap44r=, joor� n j�-o n vu n
sA?A, s= w4 d= t=g� d= t�ngw�m d=m w>� n��-o, y= o b�� t=.»
K>sumw�l� m� s==n= o joor� o n� y�zurB, y= o s=?= o
tAAr=m, y= o joor� o tu� o z>>r= d= Ap44r=.
K> n� d4 d4 t=n, Ap44r= m� kwe o bukA o y=r= m> K�wur�
o p�-o s= o m� k= k��n=. O n�n b� w�n= o t� z>>r= d= o
t=mb��r> w>m t=n ?w��n=, o m� j� o k��n= y= b� vu o
tAAr=m d�l� y�m je b� lA. B� m� p� b� t=> k>m y=r= b�
19
w= : SA?A-gAA. K> d4 k>nt> m> y= K>sumw�l� d= K�wur� n�
l>r� k� pul�, k� y�l= SA?gAA. B� pul�m d=m w>n= m> w�r=-
dAnA tu k> z> b� l�?�, p� s= Poo p4 DAnd�y=r= b� o t�?�
D�mp�u p��r= o p� Ay�kwe Ad��. W>nt> m> y= SA?gAA t=>
k>m d�y�gB p4. K> n� y= k�s=n� cullu k��n=
l�?� n=, SA?A-N�tr= k��n= b� cullu m>, y=
SA?gAA d= k��n= b� cullu. K> n�n n� y= n�-
s�r� tAnA w>n=, t==n= t=nt> m��m� t=le y=
SA?A m>. K> n� z=g= 1972 b=m d=m n= t=n
m> AvuyBm j�?= o pAAr= t=> k>m kun� b=le,
p� b� l��n bB� n= SA?A ' d= SA?A '' n�s�r�
tw��n> w>n=.
S�!g�� pw� b�m n� d� p��r= b�
to?� d��n= te t=n m> t=nt>:
1. Ay=kwe Ad�� 6. K>n�l>g>
2. Ad=ke 7. D�nd>>r=
3. Aj�wurB 8. Aw>gur�
4. Aj�wurB Ad�� 9. AvuyBm 1965 - 1996
5. Ad>?� 10. K>n�l>g>bu At=g� J. 1998 -
20
8. K�y�� kur� n� pul� te t�n
S�l�m�B k�do? d44n m> w>r� k� y=r= n� y= Wollo. K� nu?�
t=> k>m j�z=m seen� m> k� b� k� jBn� C�bBl� n= k� d�
K�s=n� bukA. Wollo d44n z>>r= o c�lo? sA?A n= m>, o c�lo?
d44n y= gw�l� m>. S�l�m�B k�m k>nt> d44n j=g= v�r� m>.
K� d44n m� beer� k� v�r� b�m d�m je m�?� m��m�.
D4 d=d>� m> o tu o b� o beer� o yAAr= K�y�� pweeru t=n
w>n=. O n� y� d���n= k>nt> t=n, o m� n� je-?w=n o v�r�
b�m ?w��n=. G�� d44n d�g= jBgB k�m k>nt> n= l�ny=r�n=,
k> l��n wBl� d= tweeru vAAr> t=donnB, b� n� m�= b� bB� n=
buloro t=n. Wollo m� n� n= o v�r� b�m d44n soe buloro
k>m vAArA t=m l�ny=r�n=, k>nt> m� p� o twBr� sw�n s= o
t� tu� k� jBgB m�?� m��m�. K>nt> kw�g� n=, m�?�
m��m� Wollo n� yBn� o k�l= o n��n=
d=m o vu K�y�� s= o p� d= d�, o yBn�
o t>l= o n�= b��r> m> o n� yBn� o
nu?� p�u bAAn= n=. B��r> w>m k>nt>
y=r= m> y= K�kw�. O d= o k��n= d= o
b�B z>>r= p�u k>m bAAn= d=m n= m>.
21
K�kw� d44n n� yBn� o n� s�l�m�B k�m, o yBn� o joor� o dur�
o z>>r= bAAn= d=m m>, b4?w��n= f>>n= d44n m> j=g-o d=
s�l�m�B k�m. K> n�n n� d4 d4 t=n, o tu o b� o y�g= f>>n= y=
o d= s�l�m�B k�m y� d� y=r�, b� d� c�lo?o. K>nt> kw�g� n=
Wollo w>m l��n m� br= K�kw� t=g� d�gB lAAm. K>nt> m�
p� K�kw� nu?� o p�u k>m bAAn= d=m n=, o tu o lA sA?A.
SA?A k>nt> m> y= K�y�� d�y�gB sA?A. K> n� d4 d4 t=n,
s�l�m�B k�m m� nu?� o c�lo? gw�l� k�m tee n= C�bBl� n= t=n,
o vu jBn� K�y��n> w>m tee n=. K�y��n> w>m m� p�-o
t�ngw�n� y�le s= o t�� te.
S�l�m�B k�m m� l> bBkBrB, o m� p� k� y=r= o w=, Buloro. O
p4 bu w>m y=r= d=m k>nt> s= o t� m� gul� t�u k>m (y=r= n�
y= buloro t=n) wo?o m>. Buloro w>m k>nt> m> j�g� K�y��
d�y�gB p4. M> K�y�� kur� n� pul� te t=n. K�y�� d�y�gB
p��r= kw�r� k�m nu?� t�ngw�n� y�le y�l> b� n� p4 s�l�m�B
k�m t=n, w> d=d>� w>n= m>.
K>nt> kw�g� n= m>, K�y�� p4 w>m l��n
ve C�bBl� p4 te o jo?� kw�r� k�l> n� d�n�
k� dwe t=n. K>nt> ?w��n= m> K�y�� p4
m��m� n� t=g�, b� w>� joor� b� j� kw�r�
k�m b� vu C�bBl� t=n.
K�y�� N�v�� pw� b�m m> t=nt>:
1. Buloro 5. TA?A 9. Ad>�
2. Y�?w=> 6. D>t� 10. W4n�
3. As=?� 7. Ad�� 11.
4. M�ntugB 8. An�ntw=
22
9. Poo kur� n� pul� te t�n
M�?� k�l> k�m K�por� t��nB d= T�mon� t��nB j=g= k�ntAgA
b� m�g= s= b� n�� w>l> n� w>� t�� te t=> k>m Poo n= t=n,
m> gw�l= s=donnB tuB. P4 (N�b� B�lgo) d44n m> y= gw�l=
s=m y�gB tu (nAAn� b�donnB w=, o y= p4 w>l> n� pul�
W�g�d>g> p��r= d=m kur� o y=r= n� y= N�b� Ubr� t=n, bu-
b��r> m>. P4 B�lgo w>m d44n g4 p��r= ?w� m> y= o b� o
jBn� Nobere n=, o pul� p��r= kur� d�.
P4 w>m k>nt> d44n m� vu o cw� o k�r� k� lA?A n� y= colo
40 d= Nobere, j�gw�B s�p�l= seen�. JBgB k�nt> m> b� m�=
b� bB� Poo z=m z=m t=n. Y=r= d=m k>nt> d= gw�l=m y=
"Poogo" m> (k> kur� m> k�r�), d= l��n m� lBn� d= j� Poo
z=m z=m d= K�s=n� dw� t��n=.
P4 B�lgo n� y� Poo t=n, T�mon� t��nB b�m m� cB?-o b�
jBn�. K> n� d4 d4 t=n, vBrB b�donnB d= m� d� nu?� Gh�n�
j�z=m s�p�l= t=> k>do? k> y=r= n� y= K�s�n� t=n b� b�.
VBrB b�nt> y�gB tu d= g4 p��r= d�m ?w� m> o ko
t>>n= kw�g� n=. O n� g4 k>nt> t=n, o m� ?A K�s�n� p��r=
kw�r� k�m o kwe t=t== n=, o dur� d= o kw�g� nAAn� o b�
K�por�. K�por� t��nB b�m d= m� jo?-o l�ny=r�n= b� p�-o
jBgB y= o jBn�. D4 d=d>� m> w>nt> bu-kw=�n k�m o y=r= n�
y= K�songo t=n, beer� yAAt> o vu o z> P4 B�lgo w>m sA?A.
O m� d� P4 B�lgo w>m k>nt> bukA o
m� k= k��n=. K> z=g= d���n= m> y= o
zBn� o k��n= ko w>m y= b� j�?= d=
T�mon� t��nB b�m. K>nt> m> te,
K�songo d= P4 B�lgo bukA b�B b�m
y= dw� d=l> n� y= Poo p��r= d=m
d�rB t=n.
23
Poo t�� k�m pw� b�m n� m> t=nt>:
1. K�songo 9. Pop=�
2. L�� 10. At=g�
3. AgAw4 11. Y�d4
4. W4br= 12. S�nte (O d� p��r= k> z= 1916 - 1933)
5. Kw�r� 13. Ay=r=d�g� (O d� p��r= k> z= 1933 - 1949)
6. DAnd�y=r= 14. L>g>c=m (O d� p��r= k> z= 1949 - 1987)
7. Ad�t�n 15. Aw4poo (K> pul� d= 1988 - )
8. As�o
24
10. K�mp�l� kur� n� pul� te t�n
P�nl>g> m> pul� K�mp�l�. P�nl>g> nu?� t=> k>l> b� n� bB� s=
Temp44l� t=n m>. T=> k>m k>nt> m> w> N�nkAnA n= m>, Z��u
n�gon�g� k�m n= m>. P�nl>g> n� y� K�mp�l� t=n, o lAg= o
sA?A p�u b�?� n= m> y= o p� k> y=r= d=m o w= K�mp�l�. B�
l��n m� kwe y=r= d=m k>nt> b� p� K�mp�l� n�gon�g� k�m
m��m�.
P�nl>g> n� l>g= b�B b�l> t=n m> t=nt>:
1. Af��, 2. M�nj�B, 3. K�y�B, 4. K�ndum, 5. NAv4
K�mp�l� p��r� pul�m
Y�g>> m> y= K�mp�l� p��r= t=>. Asu m> pul� K�mp�l�
p��r=. Asu nu?� j�z=m s44n= m>, b� n�n w> lw�r= t=> k>m
y=r=. K> y= Af�� d44n m> nu?� s= o tAAn= Do?o g�� k>m
w>n=, o m� jeer� Do?o tu w>do?, o y=r= m> y= Mu?ubu.
Mu?ubu m� t� d= Af�� o w=: «D=b�m n4 b�r> d= o k��n= m>
Do?o p�u k>m b�?� n=. O k��n= w>m n�n z=?=
t�kBrB m> y= jwBm w> k� w>n=. Af�� m� bwe b�r>
w>m o y=r= d= o n� nu?� m4. B� n�n y� b� n� d�-
t��n=. Af�� m� j� b�r> w>m o vu o jBn� Y�g>> n=,
y= o d��r= o p� o y=r= o w=, Asu, y= o p� K�mp�l�
p��r= s= o t� n�� K�mp�l� t=> k>m m��m� b�?� n=.
Asu n� l�g� b�% b�l� t�n m� t�nt�: Asu l>g= b�B fugB-b�tA
m>, n�n n�� b� y=r� d�: 1. S=m�m, 2. B�ye�t>>n=, 3. Kod�B,
4. N�gon�, 5. S�ntBrB, 6. WurB, 7. P�n�dor�, 8. Ab��k4
9. Ay=d=d>, 10. P4s�m, 11. WAAnc=g�, 12. Al�po�, 13. P�b4
WAAnc=g� d� p��r= o d��r= o p� Al�po�, Al�po� m� d��r= o
p� Komb�l� (Komb�l� y= n�s�r� m> jBn� w>nt>, p�b�B b�m
25
n� j=g= k�mp�l� b�m b� k= d�m t=n ?w��n=). Komb�l� m�
d��r= o p� o bu Azup�u, Azup�u t=g= 1976 b=m d=m w>n=
m>. Azup�u n� k4 o d��r= t=n m> p��r= d=m joor� d= b� d=
f�?� jBgB. T=br� m� jo?� p��r= d=m 1982 b=m d=m w>n=.
M> T=br� m> d� p��r= o m� kweel� K�mp�l� n=. O n�n
t=g� 1990, F�n� c�n�, d� y�tA d4 n=.
K�mp�l� t�� k�m pw� b�m n� m> t=nt>:
1. Asu 9. Ab��k4 (Z�mb�r=m� m=m�?�)
2. B�ye�t>>n= 10. P4s�m
3. Kop�g� 11. Ay=d=d>
4. N�gonB 12. WAAnc=g�
5. Kod�B 13. Al�pw� (O d� p��r= k> z= 1918 - 1924)
6. S�ntBrB 14. Kumbul� (O d� p��r= k> z= 1924 - 1947)
7. WurB 15. Azup�u (O d� p��r= k> z= 1947 - 1975)
8. P�n�dor� 16. T=br� (O d� p��r= k> z= 1982 - 1990)
26
11. C�k��n� d� J�ro pw� b�m y�r�
C�k��n� t�� k�m pw� b�m n� m> t=nt>:
1. Zw�j�ru 7. G�mb�?�y4 (Z�mb=rm� m=m�?�)
2. Ave�mw�l= 8. N�gwe (B�nger m=m�?�)
3. MAv�u 9. At=g� WAny==r>
4. Asoew4 10. Ap�u D>l>g=>n 1997
5. N�jeer� Lele k>nt> KAmA Bul�u m>
6. Ad>?� j=g= t=> k>m o n�B.
J�ro t�� k�m pw� b�m n� m> t=nt>:
Avej��n� m> y= w>l> n� pul� J�ro kur� t=n.
1. Ab�l�?A 14. Kw�r� 1935 -
2. CAgA 15. AtemA 1946 -
3. B=l>g> 16. At=g�t�yo 1988-
4. Lub�B 17. Aluu Buk�r� 1990 -
5. P�dwBrB
6. P�dwBrBdA
7. YAlA
8. L>g>kw�g� Ap�u 1830 -
9. KAmA Y�t��r� 1861 -
10. G�lo 1868 -
11. WobwBl� 1870 -
12. Abuy� 1901 -
13. At�b�B 1918 -
27
12. Z�mb�r�m� t��n% n� c�g� t��n� te
b�n� 1860 - 1890 m�!� n� t�n
Lele k>nt>, d=K l��n l�g=
d=K ?AAn= k>l> n� k=
kw�g� k�nt> t=n wo?o
m>.
N�zw44r= dw� kAgA k>do? b�
n� m�= b� bB� n= Z�mb�rm� (J4r=m�) y= b� y= mw�r� t=n,
m> nu?� N��m4 t=> k>m j�gw�B s�p�l= b�?� b� b� b� jBn�
D�gAmb� t��nB t=> n=. B� tu b� b� b� jBn� d� b=n� 1860
m�?� k�m n= m>, s= b� beer� j=g=g=r>. B� p4 w>m y=r=
d44n m> y= Alf� H�no. K�nt> m�?� k�m n= G�mbw�m-p4
d44n m> te D�gw�n� b�m. G�mbw�n-p4 w>m d44n m�
f=n-b� s= b� t�� j��n= g�mb4 z�nz�n, n=n44n= g�mb4 2000
te b=m m��m� b� tu� b� p�-o.
28
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m
d44n n�n n� ye n�j�r� kBm
l�ny=r�n= t=n, D�gw�n� t��nB
pw� b�m m� loor� b� zBnB, s=
b� t� zBn�-b� g�mb4 s=m j�m
b�?� n=. B4?w��n= b� d44n
w�r= b� nAAn� b�m.
M�?� k�m Alf� H�no w>l> n� y=
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m p4 t=n n� tu
o b� o t= t=n (1870 m�?� n=),
D�gw�n� b�m
p4 w>m m� twBr�
sw�n s= o d=
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m y�g= b�
wBl-dAnA t=t>?= d=l> n� y= g�mb4
s=m j�m d=m t=n. Z�mb�r=m� t��nB
b�m l��n m� nu?� d���n= b� vu b�
jBn� Leo d= S�t� t==n= d=m tBkBr� n=.
B� l��n z=g= d���n= m> b� z> Nun�
t��nB t==n= d= K�s=n� t==n= d=m, b� cAg=-d= t��n, k> vu k>
y� b=n� f��ntA. B� d44n j��n= nAAn� b�m k>nt> t==n= d=m
n=, b� m�= b� k= g�mb4 m>. B� yBn� b� j��n= b�donnB b�
ve b� y�g= b� p�= m>, b� d��r= b� wBl� b� b�donnB b�m
t=t= kAgA k>m w>n=. Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m b��r� kAgA
d44n y� murr-t=nu (5000). B��r� 5000 k>m k>nt>
w>n=, b��r� m>r> (1000) m> dAg= s�se b� m�=
b� k= j�r�, b� cAg= t==n= d=m z�nz�n.
T==n= d=l> b� n� w> cAg= t=n d44n y=
d=l> n� p4-b� n��n= d= s�se d=d��n=
sBbu t=n m>. K�nt> m�?� k�m n= n�n k>
29
y= sBbu-po?o k>m m> nAAn� d44n d�. T==n= d=l> n� w> s4
y= d= z�?= s= d=
d= t==g= d= j�?=
d=d��n= b� t=n,
Z�mb�r=m� b�m
cAg= t==n= d=m
k>nt> m> f�s=.
N��-n� ny=ny>g>
k>l> n� br=
Z�mb�r=m� b�m
d44n n� tAg=
cwB?B k�l> b� m�= b� z>>r= K�s=n� t==n= d=m b� cAg=-d=,
b� j��n=-b� b� m�= b� k= g�mb4 t=n:
30
31
B�l> n� yBn� b� yBg�
g�mb4 s=m t=n, d= d��
joor� b� j��n=-s= b� ve
b� yBg� m>. B� yBg�-b�
b� p�= k>nt> m> t��n k>
vu k> kw��r= Togo bub4
d=m.
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m n�
cAg= K�s=n� t==n= d=m
t=te t=n, k> w�r= k> t� k>
t�. K> d4 d��n= m> k> p� t==n= d=donnB p��r= d= s��r= d=
d�� tBrB. K> t� d4 k>nt> m> y= v�r=m jBgB d= d�� b�
d�g�. Z�mb�r=m� t��nB p�m�?n� b�m d44n n�n b� j=g=
32
t=t>?= d=do? s=
b� t�� m� n�=
b� n�-w>d�u.
K>nt> ?w��n=,
g�mb4 s=m m>
b� j��n= b�
yBg� sBbu, b�
m�= b� yBg� b� n�-w>d�u
d= b� n�j�r� z=l�.
K�s=n� b�donnB b�m t=t= d= d44n tAg= b� k= kBm d=m
k>nt>: b4?w��n= b� t=t= d44n b� j=g= wBl-dAnA. B�
b�doonnB j��n= b� c>rr> n�� b� kwB b� m�= b� k= g�mb4
b� yBg� b� p�=. B�donnB d= m� k= wBl-dAnA d=
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m, b� j��n= g�mb4 d= m=n�, d=
k�m�n�, d= wBBnu dw� dw� b� ve b� p�-b�.
B� d44n m�= K�s=n� b�m d= Nun� b�m (Fr�) b� bB� n=
Guruns� m>. Guruns� dw� tu w>do? m> d44n w>r�, o y=r=
n� y= H�m�r��. O d= tAg= o y= Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m
n�j�r� y�gB tu d=d>� m>. W>nt> d44n m� v=n Z�mb�r=m�
t��nB b�m p4 w>m o y=r= n� y= B�b�to t=n n� b=n� 1894
m�?� n=. O n� k= k>nt> t=n, o m� w�n= o l� Guruns� t��nB
n�j�r�-kBrB b�m o k= d��n=, s= b� wBl� d��n= b� zBl� b�
d>n� b�m. B� j�?= d=d��n= b�, k> vu k> y� m�?� k�l>
n�s�r� n� tu t=n m>. N�s�r= s=m tum d=m m> p4
Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m t==n= cAg=m d=m l��n t�.
N��-n� l�eten� S�n>�n= n� t�g= t��n= d=l> t=n (t��n= d=m
k>nt> w> "Burk�n� t�-doorB tAnA k>m" w>n= m>, tAn-bu
y�gB 274 w>n=) :
33
«N�zw��r bug j�gw� bub� dm n� n m�, Z�mb�rm�
n�� J�rm� t��n b�l� n� d��n� s�se b� m� b� k j�r�
tn, b�gr�t� nu�� d�, b� b� b� j n� W�l-W�l n M�mprus
t��n w�n, (Gh�n� t� j�zm s�p�l n). K� m��� k�m n
d D�gw�n� b�m jg j�r� m� d b� t k r� tn dm.
Z�mb�rm� t��n b�m m� w l� d D�gw�n� b�m, b� j�
g�mb� b� y g , b� m� b� y g� b� pw��r�, d b� n�j�r�
zl� d b� s�-lw��n�. B� kwe g�mb� sdonn b� k b�
p�m��n� b�m w�n .....
Guruns� t��n b�m k+g+ m� d��n d�g z�nz�n .....
P�weeru tl� dw� m��m� n� w� N�zw��r t� k�m n tn
t+g Z�mb�rm� t��n b�m kw�g� m�. K� n� y T��r�g
t��n , d Fulbe t��n , d Gw�l, d B�mb�r�, d H�wus�
t��n . Dw� y�m k�nt� m��m� s� 0s�l�m t��n dr�po k�m
Z�mb�rm� t��n b�m d��n n� z �� tn m�. B� k+g+ k�m
y� b��r� m�rr-fug (10 000) .....
G�d��r� l�eten� w�l� b� n� m� b� b � B�b�-To tn, m� j�g�
c+gn� b�m k�nt� b� n� jg f��n tn y�g tu. O k bn�
fug -y�rp� m� Guruns� t��n b�m w�n, o c+g Guruns�
t��n tn dl� m��m� o n� d� d w� o k� tn m�
l�nyr�n .....»
12. G�mb��m
K�s=n� t==n= d=m d= dw� d=l> m��m�
n� w> Gw�l=n=�n d= D�gw�n� t=> k>m
l�?� n= t=n n4 b44s� m> kun� z�nz�n
g�mbw44m l�?� n=. B� d44n j��n=-b� b�
ve b� yBg� b� p�= m> y�-f�r= w>n=. B�
yBg�-b� b� p�= p�p�mp��nB dw� m��m�
34
m> (k> n� y= : M�nde t��nB, d= Yw�r=b� t��nB, d= H�wus�
t��nB ....).
P�p�mp��nB b�m d= yBn� b� yBg� g�mb4 s=m k>nt> b� ve b�
m�= b� t>?= m>, n�� �s�w4 b� d= d�� joor� b� j�-b� b� vu
b� yBg� b� p� je s=donnB n=, n�� bu-n�B y�donnB n=.
Z�mb�r=m� (J4r=m�) t��nB b�m m> t��n� b� p� g�mb44m
t��n� d= n� d�m.
F�?� t=n, dw�B t��nB z�nz�n d44n m�?= b� j��n= nAAn� m>
b� ve b� yBgB. B� n�n yBn� b� j��n=-b� b� d>n� w>n= m>.
NAAn-nAAn> d44n d�� b� te o t=t=, o y= b��r> yoo, n��
k��n= yoo, n�� bu yoo, b� t=t= tBkBr� nAAn� w�= b� j��n=-
b� b� m�= b� k= g�mb4 b� ve b� yBg� b� p�=.
B=n� 1510 m�?� k�m n= m>, Es=p�ny= p�-f�r> w>m d44n
p4 n�, s= b� t�� j��n= nAn-zwBBnu t=m, b� ve b� yBg� b�
p�= Es=p�ny= t==n= d=donnB d= n� w> Amer�k� l>g> n=,
s= b� t�� m� t>?�. K�nt> m�?� k�m n= m>, Xs=p�ny=
t��nB b�m pul� b� yBg� g�mb4 s=m, nAn-zwBBnu t=m bub�
35
t==n= d=m pw� b�m tee n=. B� d= k= n= PArtw�g4 t��nB b�m
d44n n� k= te k> loor� b�m, b� m� b� te n=n=> k>l> b� n�
m�= b� bB� "Ose�n Atl�nt�k�" buburu t=m t==n= d=m t=n m>.
Y�-d>?� k�m k>nt> nyAAr= d=m z�nz�n d44n v�?= t==n=
d=m kAgA kAgA m> k� j� k� b�. KAgA k>m k>nt> d= d4 k>
z> w>-cAgA p�p�u k>m k>nt> w>n=: Fr�ns= t��nB d44n k= b�
kur� Seneg�l=, d= G�mb�, d= S�er� Leon� bub� y�m n= m>,
k> wBl� d= Ben4 t=> k>m n= d=. K> d��r= Pey�-B� t��nB, d=
'ngl�s� t��nB, d= D�n>� t��nB d= d44n m� yBg� b� g�mb4
Kod�vw��r= d=d��n= Gold Koust n=. (Je s=m k>nt> y=r� m>
t=nt> z=m z=m, k> y=: G�nB, d= L�ber��, d= Kod�vw��r=, d=
Gh�n� k> wBl� d= N�zwBr�� m>.) F>>n= d44n m> j=g= n�s�r=
s=m s= s= z> nAn-zwBBnu t==n= d=m w> s= t=t= n=. N�s�r=
s=m k>nt> d44n k= n� m> d= nAn-zwBBnu t=m, s= b� t�� y=
b�m zBnnB, b� t�� z>>r= nAn-zwBBnu t==n= d=m w>n= b�
j��n= g�mb4 s=m b� tu� b� yBg� b� p�-b� n=n=> k>m n� n=.
B� n� yBn� b� j� g�mb4 s=m; s= w>� vu k> ve cwBBlu
(k�lom4tr�) b�B b�B m> s= s= l��n m� y� n=n=> k>m n� d=m.
36
B� yBn� b� to?� g�mb4 s=m d�-kw�g� n= m>, b� l��n lB
lB-b� d= ?>m n�� �s�w4 d= c�p>nn> n�� d= d�-ywB. B�
to?� d�-kw�g� n= k>nt> m> b� vu t��n, k> ve n= cwBBlu
b�B b�B te. G�mb4 s=m k>nt> c�coro w�= k> t> cwB?B n=,
b4?w��n= vB?B k�m t=t= d�= mw�l=, w>d�u d= m� tBrB s=
b� t� d� l�ny=r�n=, b� m�� t� m�g=-b� d= d�-lw��n>, y=
w=� t� j=g=-b� k� wBl� d�.
KBm d=m k>nt> p4 g�mb4 dwe m�l�yAAr> n�n� (8 000 000)
s= n� t=g= cwB?B n=. B� d�� w> w�n= s=nt> b� j� b� y�
n=n=> k>m n� s= b� yBg� b� p� n�s�r= s=m. B4?w��n=
b44s� y�m d44n m> dwe
n�nzwBnB d�m.
B=n� b�B y�tA w>n=, nAn-zwBBnu
m�l�yAAr> fugB (10 000 000) m>
b� j��n= b� lo?� t==n=.
B�l> d= n�n n� t=g= n�bwBBru
t=m w>n= t=n, d= dwe m�l�yAAr>
t=tA (3 000 000).
37
B� yBn� b� vA g�mb4 s=m d= c�p>nn> m> n�bwBBru t=m
w>n=, b� p� b� p==n= p==n= d��n=. Y��r� y�m k>nt> b� n�
yBn� b� n� n�bwBBru t=m w>n= s= b� m� b� z=g= Afr�k�
(nAn-zwBBnu t=> k>m) n= b� y� Amer�k� t=n w�= k> y�
38
sem4n� y�n� (4), n�� y�rd> (6).
NAAn� b�l> m��m� n� yBn� b� t=
n�bwBBru t=m w>n= t=n b� l=-b� b�
d= n=n=> k>m w>n=
m>.
B� n� j��n=-b� b�
y� Amer�k�, b� kwe-
b� b� yBg� b� p�=
nAAn� m> s= b� t��
m�� t>?�.
G�mb4 b� w>n=, fugB (10%) b�l> n� j=g=
yu-yo?o t=n, b� yBn� b� z��s= b�nt> m>,
y= b� t>?= yArA t=t>?=, n�� b� t��n
ny��n= gw��r>, n�� b� t�� t>?= d�-lw�r>
t=t>?= m>. K> n� b� y= k��n� b�m,
b�nt> t�� t>?= sA?A w>n= t=t>?� m> , k>
n� y= w>d�u kBm n�� �s�w4 b� t�� n�� b� t��nB b�m b�B
b�?� n=. G�mb4 s=m b�d��r� b�m (90%) m> t>?= k�r=
w>n=, k> n� y= lw�nn>, d= mumunB, n�� n�nw�l= d=
wBBnu dw� z�nz�n t=t>?�. K> d4 k>nt> m>, y= nAn-zwBBnu
m�l�yAAr> kAgA kAgA t>?= t= m� p� Amer�k� d= t==n=
d=donnB z�nz�n n� j=j=g=r> d= m� d= duun�.
39
K> y= : PArtw�g��l=, Es=p�ny=, Fr�ns=,
Pey�-B�, Angl�s� (Gr�nd= Bret�ny=),
D�nem�r=k= d= Amer�k� m>.
13. "Guruns�" b�t�rbu w�m
nu!� y%n?
⇒ K> n� y= tAnA k>l> S�l�f T. L�nko�nde
n� p>p>n= "Burk�n� F�so dwB y=r� y�m
kur�" ?w��n= t=n, tAn-vAA 41 k>m w>n=,
y=r= d=m k>nt> kur� y=: «Z�mb�r=m� t��nB
b�m b� n� nu?� N�zw44r=
t=n, m> lBn� b=t�rbu w>m
k>nt> o y� n� y=<guru-s�> t=n, d=
b� dw� t��n= b� w=: <Luku b�
z��r�-b�>. B4?w��n= Z�m-
b�r=m� t��nB b�m d44n n� tu b�
b� b� cAg= Guruns� t��nB t==n= d=m t=n, k> y= b=n� 1860 -
1899 m�?� k�m n= m>. K�nt> m�?� k�m n= B�b�to d44n
40
m> y= b� y�gB tu, w>nt> d44n m� kur� nAAn� b�l> n� d�n�
z�nz�n t==n= d=m w>n= t=n, o wBl� o p�m�?� b�m w>n=. O
n� kur�-b� k>nt> t=n, o m� p� b� d� l�r� s= luguru y= t��
z>>r= b� y=r�. B� d44n m�-b� b� bB� <gur-s�> m> y= d=K
z=m l��n wBl� d��n= d=K m�= d=K bB� n= <Guruns�>.
⇒ K> n�n d�� n� y= nAAn� b�l> n� ?AAn= f�?� wBBnu t=n
tee n=, b�nt> w=, b=t�rbu w>l> n� y= <gurung�> t=n y=
BBllB b=t�rbu m>. Gurung� k�m l�g= k� m� k� br= Guruns�
t��nB b�m nAn-bu d=d>� m>. BBllB b�m b=t�rbu w>m l�g= o
m� o br= dw� d=l> n� y= <g�� n��n�> , n�� <b�l� n�
y%r� k�l� k�l�> t=n m>.
⇒ K> n�n d�� n� y= L�eten� M�r=k= w>l> n� tu o b� t>?=
BBllB t=> k>m n=, b=n� 1909 m�?� k�m n= t=n tee n=,
w>nt> w=, s= <Guru?�> k�m y= dw� d=l> b� n� m�= b�
bB� Songh�y= t=n t��nB b=t�rbu m>. B=t�rbu w>m k>nt> kur�
m> y= dw� d�l� n� w� gon� b%k%r� p%n% t=n. <Gurung�>
n�n n� y= nAAn> d=d>� t=n, b� kAgA k>m l��n m� j�
Guruns� d= BBllB b�m t��n=.
⇒ K> n�n d�� n� y= b��r> w>do? y=r= n� y= A. W.
K�rd�n�l, b=n� 1920 m�?� k�m n= t=n, w>nt> w=,
<Grunsh�> k>m y= <grung�> kAgA m> n= BBllB b�m d=
D�gw�n� b�m n� bB� te t=n. B=t�rbu w>m k>nt> d= f�?�
Gr4k= t��nB b=t�rbu w>l> n� y= < b�l� y� n� w� p��r�
t�n>, t= kur� y= b=dw= m>. NAAn� b�l> m��m� BBllB d=
D�gw�n� d44n n� te t=n m> b� m�= b� bB� k>nt>.
⇒ K> n�n d�� n� y= nAAn> w>do? y=r= n� y= R�tr�, b=n�
1932 m�?� k�m n=, w>nt> w= s= <Guruns�> b=t�rbu w>m
kur� m> y= <g�� w� n��n�>.
41
⇒ K> n�n d�� n� y= E. Bonv�n� tee n=, w>nt> w= s=
<Guruns�> b=t�rbu w>m y= BBllB b=t�rbu m>. B4?w��n=
BBllB d44n m�= b� tBkBr� t==n= d=m m��m� b� bB� k>nt>
m>. B� n� p>p>n= <guyo> «bBrB» b� wBl� d= <rums�>
«v�r�» k> l��n y= <gu-rums�> k> kur� m> «g�-b%ro
v�r�». T=nt> w>� p� d=K n� k>l> ?w��n= b� d44n n� zBl�-b�
b� j��n� b� m�= b� k= g�mb4 t=n kur� mw�l= mw�l=.
K> ny= d= <Guruns�> d44n y� y= goonB b=t�rbu m>.
M�?� k�l> k�m Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m n�n n� tu b� cAg=
Guruns� t��nB t==n= d=m t=n, b=t�rbu w>m l��n m� j�g= je
m��m�.
Lele k>nt>, K�s=n� d= N>n� t��nB, d= N�nk�n� m�= b=t�rbu
w>m k>nt> b� m� br= b� t=t= dw� d=m m>.
42
14. Fr�ns� t��n% d�m-t%ro m�!�
M�?� k�m Fr�ns= t��nB b�m n� y� t=n, m>
H�m�r�� k= wBl-dAnA n�-mArA d= l�eten�
Vule, o z> Fr�ns= t��nB b�m pwB, s= b�
t�� n�� b�m b�?� n= b=n� 1897 k>m
m�?� k�m n=. K>nt> m� p� Fr�ns=
t��nB b�m s4 b� n�� Guruns� t��nB t==n=
d=m b�?� n=. WBl-dAnA k>m k>nt>
kw�g� n= m> l�eten� S�n>�n= w>l>
n� y= Fr�ns= t��nB p�m�?n� b�m y�gB
tu t=n, zBn� H�m�r=� y= b� zBl� B�b�to
d= o nAAn� b�m. B� n� zBl�-b� t=n,
m> l��n p4 Guruns� t��nB b�m jo?� b�
t=t= d= Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m b44s�
y�m.
K> pul�m n= t=n, K�s=n� b�m d44n s4
b� jo?� Fr�ns= t��nB b�m d= b� w>
m��m� m>, b� n� zBl� Z�mb�r=m�
t��nB b�m b� t=> n= t=n ?w��n=. Am� d= k> m��m�, b� w>
w�n= b� lu Fr�ns= t��nB b�m d�m d=m kur� n=. B4?w��n=
Fr�ns= t��nB b�m tu s= b� jo?�-b� b� t�� te m>. B� tBro k>m
w>n= n�n y= s= b� t�� m�-b� b� m� t>?= b� w>b>?� m>.
⇒ T=> k>m nAAn> m��m� m�?= s= o s4 t�t�!-d��r� m>.
D� m> b� p4� s= � y= b��r> b� dw� m��m�, m� t>?= k�f4
o p� t=> k>m y�gB t��nB b�m. T=t>?� y�m k>nt> d44n y=:
D�-lAAm, d= cwe-f�r= d= cwe-b�n� kw44m, d= v>l� k>>m, d=
tweeru jBr�m d= wBBnu dw� dw�. K> n�n y= t=> k>m t=t= dw�
d=m pw� b�m m> m�?= s= b� n�� b� n� w= b� k= k>l>
m��m� t=n b�?�, s= k> k=.
43
⇒ Fr�ns= t��nB b�m t� m� j��n=
nAAn� b�donnB b� k= b� p�m�!n�
w>n=, s= b� t�� t>?= b� p�-b�.
⇒ B� t� m� j��n= b�donnB b�
m� v�r� d�m. B� yBn� b� w�= b�
p�= b� v�r= lw�nn> d= ny�s�?�-b�
m> d= wBBnu t=donnB b� wBl� d�.
⇒ N n� k= wo?o n cAg=, b��� p� n ?w= m>.
⇒ B� m� t� p�= b� ?w= b� yuu l�mpoo.
⇒ M�?� k�do? n=, b��� p� nAAn� nu?� b�
d��r= b� sA?A t��nB, b� vu y�gB y�gB b� t>?=
?w==r> t=l> n� y= f=nf==n t= b� j=g= kur� t=n ?w��n=.
NAAn� z�nz�n m> t�g= pw44r> d= d�m t=t>?� d= l�mpoo
k>m ?w��n= b� dur� b� vu m�?= Kod=vw��r= d= Gh�n� n=.
M�?� k�m n�s�r= s=m l�g= s= lA nAn-zwBBnu t=> k>m
s�sBnB y�m t=n, s= w> jeel� nAn-zwBBnu t=m dw� ?w=� k�m
n� y= te, s= m� b� lA s�sBnB y�m k>nt>.
K>nt> m> te b� lAg= k�s=n� t=> k>m
kun� b=le :
K�s=n� t=> k>m bAk� d=d>� w> Gold
Koust w>n= m> (=Gh�n�, Angl�s� t��nB
m> te d�), k> d��r= k>k>m bAk� d=d>�
d= w> Fr�ns= t==n= d=l> d44n n� y= Hot-
Seneg�l=-N�zw44r= t=n w>n= (k> l�g= k>
t� n=, Burk�n� t=> k>m d= t==n= d=l> n�
b�tw�r= d=d��n= k> t=n w>n=).
44
D=K n�n n� l�g= d=K n�� n�s�r= s=m d�n-tBro k>m k>nt> zBn�
K�s=n� m> k> m� k> kw4 b� t=>:
⇒ D�n-tBro k>m k>nt> m> p4 dw� d= d=do? j�r� t� k�s>?>
n=. D�n-tBro k>m k>nt> m> t� zBl� Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m
Guruns� t��nB t=> k>m n=.
⇒ K> m� t� p� K�s=n� b�m k= cwe-
f�r� cw%!% vB?B ?w��n=. Cwe s=m
k>nt> m�� zBn�-b�, k> p�= b� w�= b�
kwe b� wBBnu b� yBg� b� p�=, y= s= t�
p�= z=l� y� dw� y� dw� z>>r= b� t=>.
⇒ K>l> n� wBl� d� t=n, n�s�r= d�n-tBrB
b�m t� p>r= k�r�d� m> k�s=n� b�m ?w��n=.
⇒ Fr�ns� d� 2ngsl�s� t��n% t��n� m> k�s=n�
m� z>>r= t==n= d=donnB, n�� �s�w4 b� m�=
b� ?AAn= d= t==n= d=donnB nAAn�.
⇒ K> n� b� y= s%bu jBgB n=, k�s=n� d� SFA
m>. SBbu k>nt> m> K�s=n� m�= b� yBg� b�
z=l�, l>g> b�?� m��m� w>n=. (K> n� b� y=
K�s=n� b�l> n� w> Gh�n� n= t=n, b�nt> d=
d� Gh�n� sBbu k>m m>).
⇒ D�n-tBro k>m m> t� p4 soon�m d=l> n� y= n�s�r� ny=m
t=n z> k�s>?>. D= p4 b� lA d�g�t� d�
k�pu-lw%r% s�m. D=nt> m> t� p4 b� zA
nAn-b�B b�m y�w==r> c>>m lwB
(v�g=s�n�s=>n).
B� yBn� b� zA nAAn� b�m dAAm y�w=>
lwe, d= p�� lwe, d= k�cuB, d= menezw�t�,
d= t�mbw�l� d= y�w==r> t=donnB lwB m>.
45
⇒ B� k>g= v�l� d� p�mp�� m>, s= k>
p� K�s=n� t� m� n�= n�-?>n� b� nyA�.
15. W%%nu t�l� n� k� t� k� t�n b�t�r-yum
B=n� 1484 m�?� k�m n= m>:
Ubr� pul� B%ll% p��r� d=m kur� W�g�d>g> n=.
B=n� 1680 m�?� k�m n= m>:
As�nt� (G�mbw4n) p��r� d=m kur� pul�.
B=n� 1860 seen� m>: Z�mb�r�m� j�lBjugu k>m tu k> b� k>
jBn� D�gA?A n=. B� p4 d44n m> y= Alf� H�no.
B=n� 1870 seen� m>: Alf� H�no t=g� y= G�z�re lBn� o yuu n=.
46
B=n� 1880-1883 seen� m>: B�b�to lBn� G�z�re yuu n=.
B=n� 1887-1890 m�?� n= m>: K�p�t�n� B�nzwe
k��g= t==n= o n��, y= C�k�n= t��nB p�-o
d�gB s= o pBn� d�.
B=n� 1894 m�?� n= m>: H�m�r�� w>l> n� y=
Guruns� tu y= Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m
j�-o d�m b� k= b� p�m�?n� w>n= t=n,
v=n Z�mb�r=m� t��nB b�m n�.
B=n� 1896-1897 m�?� n= m>: Vule d= S�n>�n= z> BBllB
d= Guruns� t��nB t==n= d=m. K�nt> m�?� k�m n=
m> H�m�r�� k= w%l-d�n� n�-m�r� k>m d= Fr�ns=
t��nB b�m S�t� n=, o s4 s= Fr�ns= t��nB b�m t�� n��
b�m b�?� n= t=n.
B=n� 1897 m�?� n= m>: Fr�ns= t��nB jo?� W�g�d�g� t=n.
B=n� 1898 m�?� n= m>: Fr�ns= d= Br�t�n�k� t��nB m�?= d��n=
b� lA s�s%n% y�l> n� pAAr= Guruns� t��nB t==n=
d=m t=n. K> m� p� b� k�ny�?B k�m l��n t�.
B=n� 1919 m�?� n= m>:
Hot-V�l�t� kur� pul�m n�s�r� d�m kur� n=.
B=n� 1932 m�?� n= m>: B� kwe Hot-VAl=t� b� c4 b� k= t==n=
d=donnB n=. B� c4-k> b� k= KAt d'_r, d= Sud�n
k>l> n� ?AAn= Fr�ns= t��nB t��n= t=n, k> l��n wBl�
d= N�zw44r= w>n=.
47
B=n� 1947 m�?� n= m>: B� joor� b� kwe Hot-VAl=t� k>m b�
joor� b� k= d��n=, n= s�sBn� d=m n� m�?= d= y= te
b=n� 1919 m�?� n= t=n.
B=n� 1958 m�?� n= m>: B� s4 cullu tAnA k>m
(kAst�tus�on), y= b� p� Mor�s�
Y�meogo j� Hot-VAl=t� d�y�gB p4
(Prez�d�n).
B=n� 1960 m�?� n= m>: C�m 8, d� 5 d4 d=m n=,
Hot-VAl=t� te k> t=t= (4ndep�nd�ns=).
B=n� 1966 m�?� n= m>: C�n� 1, d� 3 d4 d=m
n=, p�m�?n� jo?� Hot-Vol=t� t=>
k>m y�gB, y= l�eten� Kolon4l=
S�ngule L�m�z�n� j� y�gB tu.
B=n� 1966 m�?� n= m>: C�m 2, d� 13 d4 d=m
n=, b� joor� b� t�?� Hot-VAl=t�
p��r= d=m b� p� d= joor� d= d�
l>g> k>m cullu t=m cwB?B.
B=n� 1974 m�?� n= m>: C�m 2 k>m w>n=, b� cAg= l>g> k>m
cullu t=m y= p�m�?n� joor� b� jo?� p��r=.
B=n� 1978 m�?� n= m>: C�m 5 m�?� n=, S�ngule L�m�z�n�
d� y�gB, o m� j� l>g> k>m p4 (Prez�d�n),
k> m�?= d= l>g> k>m cullu cwB?B k�m.
B=n� 1980 m�?� n= m>: C�m 11, d� 25 d4 d=m n=,
S�y� Z�rbo cug� S�ngule L�m�z�n�
p��r= yuu n=.
48
B=n� 1982 m�?� n= m>: P�m�?n� y�gB t��nB jo?�
t=> k>m y�gB, b� p� Z�n-B�t�s�
Wedr�ogo w>l> n� y= Kom�nd�n
y= o kwBr� o y= dAg=t� tu pw44r>
t=n w>n= t=n, jo?� y�gB.
B=n� 1983 m�?� n= m>: C�m 8, d� 4 d4 d=m n=,
K�p�t4n= Tom� S�nk�r� jo?�
p��r=, o pul� revolw�s=>n kur�
(CNR).
B=n� 1984 m�?� n= m>: C�m 8, d� 4 d4 d=m n=,
Hot-VAl=t� t=> k>m y=r= d=m lBn�
d= j� Burk�n� F�so t=n.
B=n� 1987 m�?� n= m>: C�m 10, d� 15 d4 d=m
n=, b� g> Tom� S�nk�r� y=
K�p�t4n= Bl�z� K�mp�ore jo?� t=> k>m y�gB.
B=n� 1991 m�?� n= m>: C�m 6 m�?� n=, t=>
k>m cullu tAnA k>m p��r= d=m
n� tAg= te t=n t�?� d= k= b=n� tu.
Bl4z= KAmp�ore m� d� y�gB
o m� j� p4 (Prez�d�n).
B=n� 1998 m�?� n= m>: C�m 11 m�?� n=,
Bl4z= KAm�pore d�� t� joor� o j�
p4 (Prez�d�n).
B=n� 2005 m�?� n= m>: C�m 11 m�?� n=,
Bl4z= KAm�pore d�� t� joor� o j� p4 (Prez�d�n).
49
Kw%r-yum t�l� n� p�p�n� t�n� k�m w�n� t�n
m� t�nt�:
tAn-vAAr> :
1. L>g> b�?� kur� pul�m 3 - 5
2. T==n= kur� n� pul� te t=n 5
3. C�bBl� kur� n� pul� te t=n 6 - 8
4. C�bBl� p��r= d=m kur� n� pul� te t=n 8 - 13
5. C�bBl� t>-b�lw� b�gr�t> kur� n� pul� te t=n 13 - 15
6. SA?A N�tr= kur� n� pul� te t=n 15 - 17
7. SA?A '' kur� n� pul� te t=n 18 - 19
8. K�y�� kur� n� pul� te t=n 20 - 21
9. Poo kur� n� pul� te t=n 22 - 23
10. K�mp�l� kur� n� pul� te t=n 24 - 25
11. C�k��n= d= J�ro pw� b�m 26
12. Z�mb�r=m� t��nB n� cAg= t==n= te t=n 27 - 33
13. G�mb44m 33 - 39
14. "Guruns�" b=t�rbu w>m nu?� yBn ? 39 - 41
15. Fr�ns= t��nB d�m-tBro m�?� 42 - 45
16. WBBnu t=l> n� k= t= k4 t=n b=t�r-yum 45 - 48
K�s=n� t==n= kur� pul�m d= n�s�r=m 51 - 98