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8/14/2019 Kutch Study Presentation
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Study of Kutch Coast
People, Environment and Livelihoods
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Every Desert has Oases
Kutch Land Area 45652 sq km(Largest District in India, next isLadakh)
Rann of Kutch occupies 30,000 sqkm or nearly 2/3 area.
Kutch Population (2001 Census)15,83,225
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Gulf of Kutch
• Mangroves :The area under mangrove cover a long the Gujarat Coast is the second largest,after Sunderbans along the Indian coast. Gulf of Kutch accounts to 93% of
Gujarat mangroves.
•Coral Reefs:Islands in the Marine National Park bordering the southern shore of the Gulf support coral and coral reefs. The age of these reefs varies from 5240 years atSalaya to 45,000 years at Okha .
•Marine Algae:The Gulf has more than 210 Species of marine algae. These marine algae, incombination with the corals and Mangroves, provide a very healthy, usefuland conducive ecosystem for the diverse flora and fauna existing in the Gulf.
•Creeks and Estuaries:A vast network of creeks, estuaries, mudflats and intertidal area exists due tothe conical shape of Gulf of Kutch.
• Fisheries:Gulf of Kutch provides suitable ecological and environmental conditions and
sustains a variety of exploitable species fishes with an annual average catch of 1.4 lakh tons.
• Marine National Park:An area of 457.92 sq. km in Gulf of Kutch was declared as Marine Sanctuaryand 162.89 sq. km was notified as Marine National Park.
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Four Zones of Kutch Coast(based on characteristics of coastline and land up to 2 km from the coast)
Zone 2: Anjar, Mundra Zone 1: Bhachau, Gandhidham
– Up to 20 km Intertidal Zone
– Has 90% of all Kutch saltpans
– Seasonal Prawn Fishing – Wild Ass Sanctuary
– Little or no farming
– Little or no Animal Husbandry
– Up to 5 km Intertidal Zone
– Full time Fishing
– Small extent of Saltpans – Presence of Mangroves
– Multi-crop Farming
– Significant Animal Husbandry
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Four Zones of Kutch Coast(based on characteristics of coastline and land up to 2 km from the coast)
Zone 3: Mandvi to Jakhau Zone 4: Jakhau to Lakhpat
– Up to 10 km intertidal Zone
– Large tracts of Mangroves
– Part-time Pagadiya Fishing – Single-crop Farming
– Significant Animal Husbandry
– No Salt pans
– Up to 100 m Intertidal Zone
– Sandy Beaches
– Part-time Pagadiya Fishing – 3 ATM fishing settlements
– Multi-crop Farming, Cotton Zone
– Significant Animal Husbandry
– Very little salt pans
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Zone 1 : Bhachau - Gandhidham
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Salt Pans
Inland and Marine salt
Salt making by Solar evaporation
No of Labourers(Agarias) – nearly 60,000
Annual Salt production is 196 Lac MT
Annual Revenue Rs. 979 Cr
Issues
- Industries located on the Highway- Nearly 5% of salt lost due to black sootdeposits- Quality of salt affected by pollution
- Wildlife Sanctuary- New Leases not being given for expansionof salt pans
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Scrub Forest
3-4 km of scrub forest beyond salt pans
Supports wildlife (Nilgai)
Stops salinity
Useful for Animal Husbandry
Agriculture4 km away from the coast
Mostly Dryland single-crop farming
Bajra, Jowar, Cotton, Guwar, Castor
Issues –Salinity Ingress
–Affects productivity –Windfarms / Industries
–Buying large areas of agricultural land
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Windfarms
Nearly 500 windmills
2.5 Acre/windmill
10 year lease for Rs.10000 – Rs.50000
1.5 MW each
Captive industrial use
IndustriesLocated near National Highway,Narmada pipeline
Top 3 industriesMetallurgical(43)
Machinery Manufacturing (39)Chemicals(33)
No. of industries : 357Total Investment : 11,221 CrEmployment Generated : 84,369
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Emerging Issues: Bhachau Gandhidham Coast
KandlaPort/SEZ
Wild AssSanctuary
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Zone 2 : Anjar - Mundra
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Mundra Landuse
Sr.No. Luse/cover Area in Ha. % to Total
1 Agri cropped area 2,588 8.06
2 Fallowlands 2,022 6.30
3 Mangrove 1,493 4.65
4
Mangrove
degraded 604 1.88
5 Prosopis 2,697 8.40
6 Barrenland 2,586 8.05
7 Built-up area 2,634 8.20
8 Mudflats 8,395 26.14
9 Salt pan 137 0.43
10 Waterbody 8,373 26.07
11 Turbid Waterbody 587 1.83
Total: 32,115 100.00
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Traditional Fishing
PagadiyaFishing Nets inthe intertidalzone
Motorised boatused to navigate10 km in to thesea
Fisherfolk stay inBander for 8-9months in a year.
Bander is strategicallyimportant for fishing
Though Fisherfolk have been using the Banders for over 200years, their rights over the Bander are not recognized.
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Traditional Fishing
Main fish is Bombay Duck
Sorted, cleaned and, dried on bamboo poles
Exported to Srilanka, Bangladesh.
No of Banders : 12
No of Households : 988
Annual production : 10,000 MT
Annual Revenue : 45 Cr
Issues
- Industries
- Displacement of fishing settlements
- Affect fish production by dischargingpollutants into the sea.
- Affect fish production by damaging
environment – Clearing Mangroves,
Blocking Creeks etc.
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Animal Husbandry
Average 2000 cattle in Mundra coast villages.
Sources of fodder are gauchar (grazing land)
and agriculture waste.
2500 Ha of Gauchar land required as per
norms.
Issues
- Industries (Mundra Port/SEZ- Gauchar land used for SEZ and 44% shortagein Gauchar land currently as compared to 10%ten years ago.- Destruction of Mangroves has affected camel
population .
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Salt pansOnly Marine salt
Process of solar evaporation
Area under salt pans : 1720 Ha
No of laborers : 15,000
Annual salt production : 6 lakh MT
Annual Revenue generated : 30 Cr
Issues
- Industries- Allocation of land earlie r used for salt pans toindustries- Salt production affected due to industrial
pollution
IntakeChannelto drawwaterfrom theintertidalareaduringhigh tide
Brine movesthrough Panswith increasingsalinity
Final panwhere salt isproduced
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Agriculture/ Horticulture
Mixed farming (Agriculture with horticulture
and animal husbandry)
Mundra-Bhuj Horticulture Belt
Shift to Date palm due to Salinity Ingress
Tissue Culture / Offshoot Technology
Summer
(Feb to May)Bajra, Goundnut (with Irrigation)
Kharif
(June to Sept)
Cotton, Castor, Groundnut, Jowar, Bajra,
Luceran(fodder), Pulses, Guwar
Rabi
(Oct to Jan)
Wheat, Mustard, Isabgol, Jowar (with
Irrigation), pulses
Issues
- Industries- Agriculture land used for industries- Decreasing productivity due to salinity ingress
- Lack of Marketing Facilities
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Industries
Almost entire stretch of coast used
for Port/SEZ
Nearly 25,000 MW coal based power
plants
Industries along the National
Highway
Top 3 type of Industries
Multipurpose Port / SEZ
Power Plants (5)
Metallurgical Industries (9)
Total Investment : 1,41,909 Cr
No. of Industries : 44
Employment Generated : 50915
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Proposed Expansion of Mundra Port / SEZPort No of ships per
year by 2013
Nature of cargo
West 850 Coal, Steel Scrap,
Chemicals, Dry Bulk
South 220 Dry Bulk and Oil
North 150 Automobiles
East 300 Steel Scrap, Dry Bulk
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WFDP project map superimposed on map of Access Roads, Settlements,Intertidal Zone used by Traditional Fisherfolk in Mundra Coast
1,4,6,8,10,12,16,19,22,24 – Access Roads used by Traditional Fisherfolk. 2,5,7,9,11,15,18,21,23 - Settlements(Banders) used by Traditional Fisherfolk. 3,13,17,20 – Creeks/ Intertidal Area used by Traditional Fisherfolk.
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Impact on Livelihoods – AnimalHusbandry
Village CattleReqdGaucharLand(Ha)
TotalGaucharLand (Ha)
GaucharLand allottedto SEZ(Ha)
GaucharlandRemaining(Ha)
Shortage inRequiredGaucharLand %
Navinal 1753 280 137 94 43 85%
Tunda 1189 190.24 158 86 72 62%Luni 833 133.28 81 81 0 100%
Siracha 3170 507.2 390 41 349 31%
Baroi 276 44.16 141 31 110
Goersama 957 153.12 86 29 57 63%
Zarapara 5509 881.44 1000 408 592 33%
Mundra 273 43.68 NA 496 NA
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Original terrain of West Mundra Coast (in 2005)
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New construction in West Mundra Coast (as seen in Dec 2008).EC was given in January 2009, In principle FC was given in February 2009
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New construction in Central Mundra Coast (as seen in Dec 2008).EC was given in January 2009, In principle FC was given in February 2009
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Mangrove being destroyed in Mundra coast
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Mangrove being destroyed in Mundra coast
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Emerging Issues: Anjar – Mundra Coast
KandlaPort/SEZ
Wild AssSanctuary
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Zone 3 : Mandvi - Jakhau
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Agriculture
Mixed Farming with Animal Husbandry
Cotton cultivation zone
Irrigated Farming (15 km from coast) and few
places where surface water is available
Dry land Farming (1.5 km – 15 km from the
coast)
Animal HusbandrySignificant Animal Husbandry in the region
Large tracts of cultivable wasteland and thin
forest cover useful for grazing
Fodder also purchased from Market
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Windfarms
Windfarms on the entire 100 km Mandvi-
Jakhau beach front .
Land grab issues
IndustriesScientists have identified this zone as most
suitable for industries
Lot of Land purchased by agents
But, very few industries
IndustryInvestment(Cr)
No ofindustries
No ofpersonsemployed
WINDFARMS 7500 1 800ALUMINIUMINDUSTRY 5876 2 1509BENTONITEBASEDINDUSTRY 13 1 40
Total 13,389 4 2,349
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Emerging Issues: Mandvi – Jakhau Zone
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Emerging Issues: Mandvi – Jakhau Zone
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Zone 4 : Jakhau - Lakhpat
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Full time TraditionalFishing
•Only one Full time Fishing settlement
•Border Restrictions on Fishing
•Fishing in creeks off Lakhpat coast
•Fulltime Pagadiya fishing by women
•30 -40 Pagadiya women in the village
•Pomfrets, Seer Fish, Shark, Jew Fish etc
Issues
-Displacement in Gunau
-Border restrictions affect Boat
Fishing
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Part-time TraditionalFishing
•Pagadiya Fishing + Farming + Animal
Husbandry
•No issue due to Border Restrictions
No of households(combined) : 334
Annual Fish Production(combined) : 1949 MT
Annual Revenue(combined) : 26 Cr
Issues
- Decline in fish catch due to
industrial pollution
-Receding of tidal water due to
tapping of rivers upstream
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Agriculture•No salinity in land near coast
•Mainly Dryland Farming
•Dependence on rainfall
•Irrigation using surface water
Issues
•Industrial pollution affects
production
Animal Husbandry•Significant Animal Husbandry in the area
•Grazing lands – Cultivable wastelands as
near as 1.5 km from coast
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Handicrafts
•World Famous handicrafts
•Artisans - Women from Jat
community
•Exquisite bedding and pillows
•Primarily meant for exchange
within community
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Industries
•Mining, Cement Industries
•Power plants, desalination plants on
the coast to support these industries
Top 3 type of industries
Cement (15)
Machinery Manufacturing (3)
Thermal Power Plants (2)
No of industries : 32
Investment : 21,689 Cr
Employment Generated : 19,531
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Emerging Issues
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Emerging Issues
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In Solidarity with People on the
Kutch Coast
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