K THUT TRNG HOA HU TRNG (Polianthes tuberosa Linn
K THUT TRNG HOA HU TRNG (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.)
(Nng nghip Vinh Long - 27/08/2010)
1. t trng: lip trng ty ni, b ngang mt lip 2 m, y 2,5 m, b ngang
mng nc 1,5 m. Mt lip phi bng phng gi c nc v khi trng tn dng c mt t
trng. t c cuc, xi thnh tng cc khong ngn chn ci, ngn tay ci. 2. Ging
Hu: hu (trng) c 3 loi: hu tru bng to, khng p; hu s bng nh, chng tn;
hu hng va cy, p bng, lu tn, mi thm bn. V chn v tn tr ging: chn c
trng t nm trc, c o ln tn tr vo ma kh (nu khng o ln th v ti s cho
bng nh), khi ly ging phi x l thuc tr rp sp ngay ngoi rung (khong
thng 12 m lch ct l, ri thuc bt, thng 1 m lch o c ct b bt r v nhng
vo thuc tr su ry (Bassa, Mipcin..), tn tr bng cch di bng rm thong
mt, ch 1 lp cho thong, c t b h. Tiu chun c trng c chia lm 3 - 4 loi
(bng ngn tay t n ngn chn ci): Nu c bng ngn chn ci xung ging thng 4
n thng 7 cho bng; nu c trung bnh xung ging thng 4 n thng 8 thng 9
cho bng; nu c nh bng ngn tay t xung ging thng 4 n thng 11 cho bng;
nu c nh hn ngn tay t xung ging thng 4 n tt cho bng; tu theo mc ch
ly bng vo ngy rm 15 hoc 30 m tnh ngy xung ging cho ph hp.3. Cch
trng v mt trngC th trng trn nhiu loi t khc nhau, nhng phi thot nc
tt vo ma ma.Lm t: cy xi, ln lip cao (30 - 40 cm), phi t k; lip
ngang 1,2m, rnh 0,6-0,8m; t cc ln khong 3 - 4 cm (bng ngn chn
ci).Mt cng t (1.000 m2) cn t 10 n 15 gi ging c x l. Trc khi trng
phi lt sch r, tn d thc vt trn c, trong vng mt tun phi trng ngay c
khi mt sc. C th trng cng 1 loi c thu hoch cng lc hoc trng 1 bi c ba
loi c ln nh khc nhau thu hoch thnh tng t. Kinh nghim trng 1 loi c
trn lp d chm sc hn.Mt trng: khong cch 20cm x 20cm: cho c ging nhiu,
nhng kh chm sc, d b su bnh. Khong cch 40cm x 40cm: khng cho c ging
nhiu, nhng d chm sc. t c di t v lp t t 2- 3 cm, nu t c cn th cy mau
cho ra bng, t c su cho bng chm nhng bng tt hn. Trng xong ti nc sng
chiu. Sau trng khong hai thng Hu bt u xy ng (g), t xy ng n ct bng
khong 1 thng, tnh ht thi gian t trng n thu bng chm nht l khong 3,5
thng.4. Chm sc( Ti nc: trng xong phi ti nc lin, ngy ti 02 ln, sng
sm v chiu mt. Trng sau 02 thng bt u xy ng (g). T xy ng n ct bng
khong 1 thng; tnh ht thi gian t xung ging cho ti thu hoch khong 3-5
thng.Cy hu l cy i hi phi c ti nc, nu ti nc cho hu bng cch dng t,
chu nh mc tt nc t di rnh tt ngc ln trn cy hu th ngoi vic cung cp nc
cho cy hu, nc cn c tc dng tt t ht mt di ca l hu lm cho nhn b ra
tri. Khng ti hu bng my bm nc v ht nc ri xung mnh d lm rp gy l hu, m
cng khng ti bng bnh ti c vi hoa sen, v c phng php ti bng my v ti
bng vi hoa sen ch lm t mt trn ca l hu m khng ra tri c nhn ang nm mt
di ca l. p dng cch ti ny khi trng hu nn ln lip (ln m) trng hu rng
khong 1,2 m, cc lip cch nhau bng mt ci rnh rng khong 0,4 m cha nc
cung cp cho vic tt, ti hu. ( Bn phn (cho 1.000m2 k c mng v lip) Phn
rc mc, phn chung (tru, b) tht hoai, trc khi trng thng ri mt lp mng
rm gi cho t mt. + Bn lt: 25 - 30kg DAP. Bn thc ln 1: (30 ngy sau
khi trng) 30kg phn DAP + 30kg phn ur. + Bn thc ln 2: (20 - 25 ngy
sau trng - gn xy ng), 15kg ur, phun thm phn KNO3. + Bn thc ln 3:
sau khi thu bng bn thm: 15kg phn DAP + 15kg ur.* Ch : trc khi bn
phi lm sch c cho hu; khi bn phn quan trng nht l phi nhn vo mu sc ca
l m c th gia gim phn cho ph hp.( nh sng: nh sng hon ton, nng cng
nhiu, hoa cng tt.( Nhit : chu c nhit cao (18 - 34oC).( m : chu m t
nhiu. Ti bng vi phun vo sng sm v x chiu.5. Phng tr su bnh- Phng tr
su bnh: mt thng sau khi trng, cy hu thng nhim nhn hi l. + T 3 - 4
thng tr i cy hu thng b rp sp ph hi. C th phng tr bng cc loi thuc
sau: Nissorun, Kelthan 20EC, Comite, (liu lng theo hng n trn bao
b).+ Khong thng 9 - 10 thng ma dm hu d b ng l, thi cChng ta c th
nga bnh bng cc loi thuc sau y: Anvil, Topsin, Ridomil, Rorval,
Alliette( Phng tr cc loi su n l, chi non: vo my thng Tt thi tit tr
lnh, cn xem chng cc bi hu, nc ng cc nch l gp nng c th b ng v d nhim
khun. Nu mt vi bi b nm th nh b ngay, nu nhiu phi tr bng dung dch
Booc.( Cch phng tr nhn hi cy hu: nhn hi cy hu c mt c im l nm mt di
ca l hu, m l hu li nm di thp nn rt kh cho vic a vi xt thuc xung bn
di xt t mt di ca l hu (ni nhn ang bu bm). V th vic phun xt thuc ha
hc dit tr nhn thng cho hiu qa khng cao, c bit nhn li l mt i tng dch
hi c kh nng khng thuc rt nhanh, nn nu khng thn trng nhn s gy hi nng
hn. dit tr nhn, thng t dng thuc ha hc m thng dng bin php tt t nc kt
hp vi vic ti nc cho cy. Mt khc, khng trng hu theo cm tp trung ba,
bn c vo mt bi m trng hu theo tng cm, mi cm 3 - 4 c dn theo hng
ngang ca lp, mi khi tt t nc, nc t u tt c cc l ca tng cy.Mi ngy 2
ln, nu rung hu c ry la (nhn ) th phi ti ngy 3 - 4 ln. Vi mc ch tr
nhn nn ngy no c ma vo bui sng, mc d cung cp nc cho cy hu nhng n
chiu cng vn phi ti thm mt ln. 6. Thu hoch C th thu hoch 2 thi im:
lc sng sm hoc chiu mt, thu lc tri nng hoc lu khng ngm nc bng Hu s b
h ym (phi vt gc li v ngm nc).+ Ln u tin dng dao bn ct xo bng gn st
c, nc khng ng trong cng hoa nn d lm thi c.+ Ln 2 tr i dng chn p gi
gc Hu, tay nm cng bng Hu pha di dt mnh ngang mt t bng s ri ngay
khp. Nu bng ng b cong th buc li cho thng. Nn ngm bng vo nc sch,
khng nn pha phn chua vo nc ngm bng, bng Hu s b nhy gc chng tn. Nu
bng chng th cch ngy phi vt gc v thay nc th s chng c na thng.7. Nhn
ging: bng cch tch bi. C vi ba nm cn nh ht cc lip Hu ln, ct ta. Loi
b cc c qu gi cho hoa. Mi bi Hu mi c 4 hoc 5 c ln c ngn tay hay ln
hn mt cht. L c ct i 2/3, r ct gn st vi gc, v a trng li sau khi lm
lp, v phn mi. Khi trng li nn la chn c c kch thc ln v cng mt c sau
ny cho hoa u khp vn Hu v c th cho hoa ngay vo cui nm mi trng li.H
Phng Linh (tng hp)
