Cch trng lc-u phng thu ng t nng sut caoNgy 17 - Aug - 2007 | Vit bi hieu | Xem: 29318 lt

Thi v gieo trng: Lc thu ng c th gieo trng t 15/8 30/9, tt nht t 15/8 10/9. Chn t : Chn t ct pha tht nh ch ng ti tiu v d thot nc. Lm t nh, sch c di, t l ht t c ng knh nh hn 1cm chim trn 70%, ln lung rng 90cm, cao 15cm, rnh rng 25cm. Nu t t c th p dng phng php lm t ti thiu. [http://agriviet.com] Phn bn v phng php bn phn Liu lng phn bn (tnh cho 1 so Bc b) Phn chung hoai: 300 350kg Phn ln super: 15 20kg m ur: 2,5 3kg. Kali clorua: 4 5kg Vi bt: 20kg Phng php bn phn: Nu khng dng cng ngh che ph nilon c th bn nh sau: + Bn lt : 100% PC + 100% ln + 50% m vo cc hng rch. + Bn thc ln 1: Lc cy lc c 2 3 l tht bn 50% lng m kt hp vi xi ph vng to iu kin cho vi sinh vt nt sn hot ng. + Bn thc ln 2: Khi cy lc c 6 7 l tht, bn ton b lng kali. + Bn thc ln 3: Khi cy tt hoa, bn 50% lng vi cn li, kt hp vi vun cao lung chng v to t ti xp, thun li cho cy lc m tia, lm c. Mt , khong cch v phng php gieo ht Mt trung bnh t 34 36 cy/m2. Khong cch thch hp t 18 20cm x 30cm. Tin hnh rch 3 hng dc theo lung su 3 4cm ri gieo ht, gieo 2 ht/hc theo khong cch nh trn. Nu p dng phng php lm t ti thiu phi s dng t mn bng cch trn phn chung ( c vi ln) vi tru v t bt hoc t hun ph ln trn ht sau khi gieo (gieo hc vi khong cch nh trn). Nu dng cng ngh che ph nilon th gieo ht l cng vic cui cng. Cng ngh che ph nilon Ph nilon cho lc v thu ng va gi c m , nhit , hn ch c di, hn ch chut hi v lm tng nng sut lc t 15 30%. Sau khi bn lt xong dng thuc tr c Ronsta phun t u trn rung, dng cuc gt nh t 2 mp lung v pha rnh, ph nilon phng v kn u trn mt lung, vt t rnh p nh vo 2 bn mp lung c nh nilon. Dng dng c c l (ng b sa b c ct hnh rng ca) c cc l theo khong cch trn. Ht c gieo trc tip vo cc l su 3 4cm. Mt s bin php k thut khc Lc cn c phi li trn nong, nia, di nng nh 2 ngy trc khi gieo (phi c c). Chn nhng ht tt gieo, ht cn c ngm ny mm trc khi gieo... Phun Boocdo 1%, Zinep 0,3%, Danconil 0,2% khi thy c biu hin ca bnh g st, m l. Phun Padan 95SP, Opatox, Beettox khi thy lc b su xanh, su khoang, b tr, b phn hay rp mui gy hi. Thu hoch:

Thu hoch lc khi c t 80 90% s c gi. Sau khi thu hoch cn gom nilon li mt ch v t, trnh nhim mi trng . Vi bt chia lm 2 ln bn, ln th nht bn 50% trc khi ba phng, ln 2 bn 50% lc cy tt hoa. Sau khi ln lung tin hnh rch 2 hng dc theo lung su 10cm, bn lt ton b cc loi phn trn vo cc hng rch v san phng mt lung (nu dng cng ngh che ph nilon).

Ni chungLc, cn c gi l u phng hay u phng (danh php khoa hc: Arachis hypogaea), l mt loi cy thc phm thuc h u c ngun gc ti Trung v Nam M. N l loi cy thn tho hng nm tng c th cao t 3-50 cm. L mc i, kp hnh lng chim vi bn l cht, kch thc l cht di 1-7 cm v rng 1-3 cm. Hoa dng hoa u in hnh mu vng c im gn , cung hoa di 2-4 cm. Sau khi th phn, qu pht trin thnh mt dng qu u di 3-7 cm, cha 1-4 ht (nh), v qu (c) thng du xung t pht trin. Trong danh php khoa hc ca loi cy ny th phn tn ch tnh cht loi c hypogaea ngha l "di t" ch c im qu c du di t. Trong cch gi tn ting Vit, t "lc" c ngun t ch Hn "lc hoa sinh" () m c ngi cho rng ngi Hn phin m t 10 quc gia hng u sn xut u phng (tnh n 11 thng 6 nm 2008) Quc gia Cng ha nhn dn Trung Hoa n Nigeria Hoa K Indonesia Myanmar Argentina Vit Nam Sudan Chad Th gii Sn lng (tn) 13.090.000 6.600.000 * 3.835.600 F 1.696.728 1.475.000 1.000.000 F 714.286 490.000 F 460.000 * 450.000 * 34.856.007 A Cc ch "Arachis". Ht lc (nh lc) l loi thc phm rt giu nng lng v c cha nhiu lipit.

Lch sLoi cy ny c khai hoang u tin bi c dn vng sng Paraguay v Parama vng Chaco ca Paraguay v Bolivia. [sa]Sn

xut

PHN BN CHO CY LC ( u phng) 1- c im nng hc v yu cu ngoi cnh: Lc l cy ngun gc nhit i, nhit trung bnh thch hp trong sut chu k sinh trng l khong 25-300C. Lc khng yu cu kht khe v ph t, tuy nhin, lc khng thch hp trn cc chn t qu dc, t chua mn v t st cn cc loi t khc u c th trng c lc. nc ta lc c trng nhiu vng khc nhau trong ca nc. Trong , Vng Ty

Nguyn v ng Nam b chim ti 30 % dn tch trng lc ca c nc v c trng ch yu trn t Bazan, t ph sa khng c bi hng nm. 2. K thut trng: Lc c th trng 2 v trn nm, vng ng Nam b v Ty Nguyn thi v lc ch yu ph thuc vo ma ma. Mt gieo trng ph thuc vo c im ca ging v thi v. Mt ph hp i vi cc tnh min ng Nam b v ng bng sng Cu Long khoang 30-35 cy/m2 3- Nhu cu v vai tr cc cht dinh dng vi cy lc Lc cng nh cy h u khc c nhu cu cao v m xong nh h thng nt sn b r cung cp mt lng m ng k. Tuy nhin, nt sn ca cy ch hnh thnh sau khi cy mc 1 tun do giai on u thi k cy con cy lc cn mt lng m nht nh. Hn na, h vi sinh vt trong nt sn c nhu cu s dng phn m pht trin nn cn bn m lt v thc sm lc pht trin ngay t u v to nhiu nt sn hu hiu. Trn cc chn t bc mu, ngho dinh dng nu khng bn phn m th h vi sinh vt cng sinh nt sn pht trin km v vy nng sut s rt km. Thiu m, thn l c mu xanh vng, l nh, kh nng vn cao, m cnh km. Thiu m trong giai on u cy cn ci, kh hnh thnh nt sn v t l nt sn hu hiu thp. Ln: Ln c tc dng kch thch b r pht trin, thc y s hnh thnh nt sn, tng cng kh nng ht m ca cy, thc y ra hoa hnh thnh c sm, gim t l lp. Cy lc c nhu cu cao v ln t thi k ra hoa ti sau hnh thnh c. Thi k cy con hm lng ln trong cy khng cao nhng rt cn thit vi sinh vt cng sinh pht trin hnh thnh nt sn. Do vy ln cn c bn sm. Thiu ln xut hin sc trn l, thiu nhiu l chuyn qua mu nu, cy ci cc. Kali: Kali ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh quang hp v s pht trin qu (c) lm tng s nhn, tng t l ht chc, tng nng sut v hm lng du trong ht. Hm lng kali trong l cao nht thi k ngay trc ra hoa sau gim i thi k hnh thnh c. V vy cn bn kali sm v kt thc trc khi cy ra hoa. Thiu kali xut hin nhng m vng mp l sau lan ra thnh mng v dn cht kh, thng l non xut hin nhng vt m vng nu. Thiu kali lm c mt nhn nhiu, t l du thp. Khuyn co v phn bn cho lc trn t baza vng Ty Nguyn trn t bazan ln phn bn cho lc c th bn vi mc 3.1. Phn bn cho cy lc Bng 5: Lng phn bn s dng cho lc

phn, cch bn Bn lt ton b phn hu c (hoc vi sinh), 1/2 phn ln, v ri phn theo hng. Bn thc 1: Khi cy c 3 - 4 l tht, bn 2/3 lng m v 1/2 lng phn ka li, bn phn cch gc khong 5 cm, lp t kt hp lm c v xi vun nh Bn thc 2: Khi lc ra hoa 1/3 lng m cn li, 1/2 lng ln cn li v 1/2 lng kali cn li. Vi bt: Bn lm 2 ln: Ln 1 bn 1/2 lng vi khi lm t ln cui, ln 2 bn ht lng vi cn li khi lc ra hoa.

4. Hiu lc ca kali i vi lc Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Nguyn Th Hin (1994), ty theo lng kali nng sut lc tng t 13 n 41% so vi khng bn, vi hiu sut s dng kali t 2,3 n 8,2 kg lc v kh/1 kg K2O bn vo. lng bn 60 kg K2O/ha hiu sut t 6,2 8,2 kg lc/kg K2O.

Cy lc di (Arachis pintoi)(28/09/2010 11:08:28 AM - TTTNTV)

1. Ngun gcCy lc di (Arachis pintoi) l cy h u nhp ni, hin ang c trng ti vn lu gi tp on cy che ph t v cy phn xanh ca Vin Th nhng Nng ha x ng Ngc - T Lim - H Ni v trng nhiu cc tnh min ni pha bc (Ph Th, Mc Chu- Sn La..) 2. c im sinh hc Thn b, sinh trng v hn, hoa c mu vng ti, ht nh (8-12mm x 4-6mm), mu nu nht, r c nhiu nt sn c kh nng c nh m t nit kh tri rt tt. Lc di d trng, sinh trng, pht trin tt, sinh khi ln, dng hnh b, c kh nng nhn ging v tnh. Khi trng xen lc di di tn cy n qu c kh nng sinh trng tt, khng cnh tranh nh sng vi cy trng chnh, cy sinh trng quanh nm nn duy tr che ph tt, chng xi mn vo ma ma, duy tr m ng rung vo ma kh. Lc di c th thch ng vi nhiu loi t t t xu bc mu, ngho dinh dng, t i ni dc n t ct, t chua mn ven bin. Lc di c kh nng chu hn tt, chu ng cao, c th trng c quanh nm, nhng tt nht l ma xun v ma thu vi cc tnh min Bc, ma ma vi cc tnh min Trung, Ty Nguyn v min Nam. Lc di l cy a tc dng: va gip ci to t, va lm phn xanh v thc n cho gia sc. Lc di c th trng thun dng ng c hoc xen vi cc loi c khc va nhm bo v, ci to t trng i ni trc rt tt (c kh nng c nh m t 200-300kg N/ha/nm hoc vi lng cht xanh c th cung cp cho t mi nm 595kg N/ha, 140kg P2O5/ha v 200kg K2O/ha), va ct cht xanh lm phn xanh hay lm thc n cho chn nui gia sc nh tru, b, d, c vi khi lng bnh qun 150 tn cht xanh/ha/nm (v trong thn, l c hm lng m rt cao, t 2,5-3%N) hoc trng xen che ph cc vn cy n qu, trng che ph thnh cc bng chng xi mn trn vng t dc cho cc loi cy ngn ngy (ng, u). Lc di lun lun xanh tt, ra hoa mu vng quanh nm nn c th trng lm thm trang tr cc cng vin, ng ph, cng s va c tc dng to cnh quan p, va bo v mi trng sinh thi rt tt.

3. K thut trng Trng thng 2 (u xun) Chun b hom ging: Ct st gc khi cy ang giai on bnh t, l bt u chuyn sang mu hi vng, cao 30-40cm. Chun b t trng: Lm sch c di em t vo gc cy n qu, dng cuc x rnh su 20-25cm, hng cch hng 25-30cm. Vi nhng ni t dc nn trng theo ng ng mc hoc theo tng bng rng, hp ty a hnh c tc dng chng xi mn cho t.Trng cch gc cy n qu khong 50-100cm. Trng theo li p tng, mi cm gm 2-3 hom cnh cch nhau 10-15cm. Lp t k, dn cht cho nhanh bn r. Nu c iu kin th ti nh va m. Chm sc: Sau trng 25-30 ngy cy lc bt u bn r, ny chi, lc ny nn nh c cho lc di bng tay trnh bt gc, cht cy. Vi nhng ni trng thun thnh ng c th sau khong 3-4 thng c th ct cy lm ging nhn rng ra hoc lm phn xanh, lm thc n cho gia sc. Ct xong, lm c, xi t cho ti xp v ti m cho cy tip tc sinh trng, pht trin cho cc la ct tip theo.K thut trng cy lc B r cy lc mang nhiu nt sn chc vi khun c kh nng c nh m nn c tc dng ci to t rt tt, lm tng ph cho t ng thi l v thn cy lc l ngun phn hu c cho cy trng v sau. II- Gii thiu mt s lc tin b k thut

1- Ngun gc: l cc ging lc c nhp ni t Trung Quc c Vin khoa hc Vit Nam chn to v c B NN & PTNT cng nhn l ging Quc gia v ging tin b k thut. 2-Gii thiu mt s ging lc ging: a- Ging lc MD7: thi gian sinh trng 110-120 ngy, thn ng, phn cnh gn khng c bnh ho xanh vi khun, chu hn kh, nng sut 30-34t/ha khi lng 100 ht 60-65gam, ht to, u, v lc mu hng sng ph hp cho xut khu v tiu dng ni a B- Ging lc L18: thi gian sinh trng t 125-130 ngy, thn ng phn cnh gn, khng kh vi bnh g st, m nu v khng ho xanh vi khun, chng su n l kh, chu thm canh, chng tt, khi lng 100 ht 65-70gm, nu u t thm canh ch ng ti tiu nng sut trung bnh t 5055 t/ha, v xun v v thu ng nng sut t 30-35t/ha. Ngoi ra cn c ging lc L02, L08 cng l ging tin b k thut c trng nhiu cc tnh pha bc. III. K thut gieo trng: 1. Lun canh v xen canh: Lun canh: p dng mt s cng thc lun canh sau t 1 v la: lc xun- la ma sm- cy v ng Rung 2 v la: la xun- l ma sm- lc thu ng t bi: ng xun- lc h thu Xen canh c th trng xen cy lc vi mt s cy trng khc nh xen vi ma v mt s loi cy n qu, cy lm nghip trong nhng nm u. 2. Thi v gieo trng: (tnh theo dng lch) V xun: 15/01-30/02 V h thu: 30/6 -15/7 V thu ng: 15/8 -15/9 3. Chn t v lm t: Chn t c th trng trn nhiu loi t (t rung, t i thp, t bi ven sng nhng tt nht l t ct pha, tht nh) Lm t: cy su 25-30cm, ba k, nht c di trc khi ln lung, trc khi gieo ht m phi t 75%, nu t kh phi ti m ri mi gieo ht hoc ti vo rnh sau khi hon thin khu gieo trng. Lm lung (tu tng loi t v tng loi ging) lung rng t 1,2 1,5m t bi c th lm lung rng 1,5 -2,0m, cao 12-15cm, rnh rng 25-30cm (lung c thit k theo hng ng- Ty) vi t bi c th trng thnh bng

4. Chun b ht ging: Lng ging cn cho 1.000m2: 18-20kg lc v, tu theo kch c ht, nn dng ging ca v trc trng cho v sau. Ht ging trc khi gieo phi phi qua nng nh (phi c v) sau khi bc v chn ht ging c kch c tng i ng u, sch bnh gieo. 5. Phn bn a. Liu lng phn bn (tnh cho 1.000m2) Phn chung mc: 800-1.000kg Phn m u r: 6 -8kg Su pe ln lm thao: 40-50kg Ka li: 12-14kg Vi bt: 40-50kg b. Cch bn: Bn lt: 1/2 lng vi bt bn vi u trc khi ba ln cui. Ton b phn chung mc + phn ln (ln ln vi phn chung) v 1/2 lng m bn lt theo hc. Bn thc: ton b lng ka li + 1/2 lng m cn lai bn thc 1 ln khi cy c 3-4 l tht. Lng vi cn li bn vo gc lc khi c hoa r. 6. Mt v khong cch: Mt : t tt, thm canh 6-40cy/m2. t su, t thm canh 40-44cy/m2 Khong cch: t tt, thm canh hng cch hng 30-35cm, hc cch hc 15-20cm, gieo 2ht/hc. t xu, t thm canh hng cch hng 20-25cm, hc cch hc 15-18cm, gieo 2ht/hc. Cch trng: trc khi gieo cn lp qua mt lp t dy 2-3cm ri mi gieo ht trnh khng cho ht b tip xc vo phn, sau ph t u ln ht dy 3-4cm to cho mt lung phng 7. Chm sc: a. Lm c, xi xo, vun gc: Trng dm nhng ch mt khong khi cy c l mm Ta cy khi cy c 2 l tht tin hnh ta nh cy theo mt quy nh kt hp Ta cy khi cy c 2 l tht tin hnh ta nh cy theo mt quy nh kt hp vi nh c, chng hn. Xi ph vng sau khi gieo gp ma hoc t cht.

Xi c ln 1 kh cy c 3-4 l tht(sau mc t 10 -12 ngy) kt hp vi bn thc, lm c. Xi c ln 2: khi cy c 7-8 l tht (trc khi ra hoa) xi su 5-6 cm st gc, khng vun t vo gc. Xi c ln ln 3 kt hp vi vun gc va phi sau khi cy lc ra hoa r 7-10 ngy. Bn b sung bng cch phun ln l dung dch m v ln (5%) b. Ti nc: nu thi tit kh hn cn ti nc vo 2 thi k quan trng Trc khi cy ra hoa (thi k 7-8l) Thi k cy lm qu i vi rung ch ng ti tiu th ti vo rnh ngp 2/3 lung, ngm u sau tho cn nc. 8. Phng tr su bnh hi: Cn p dng cc bin php phng tr tng hp Cy ba k, sch c di Lun canh hp l vi cy trng khc, dng ging khng bnh trng Bn phn cn i, c bit cn bn ln v ka li. Phun tr su bng thuc Sumidicin 0,2%. Dng Daconil, Anvit 0,1- 0,3% hoc Zineb 0,2%, Boc phun ln 1 sau khi gieo c 50-60 ngy, ln 2 cch ln 1 l 15-20 ngy ngn nga bnh lm rng l sm. Ch : Thng xuyn thm ng pht hin su, bnh hi phng tr kp thi theo hng dn ca cn b ku thut. 9. Thu hoch v bo qun: Nn chn ngy nng ro thu hoch. i vi lc thng phm thu hoch khi cy c 80-85% qu gi. Nu lm ging cn thu hoch sm hn lc thng phm 5-7 ngy. Sau khi nh vt qu, ra sch nht thit phi phi trn nong, nia, ct (khng c phi trc tip trn sn gch, xi mng di nng to) phi xong phi ngui ri mi cho vo ti ni lon hoc chum vi y kn bo qun ni kh ro. Khi bo qun phi m bo cc nguyn tc c bn sau Phi k trc khi a vo bo qun, m bo lc c m di 5% (trc v la) . Lun bo qun dng lc cha bc v(nguyn c v)

K Thut Trng u Phng (Lc)u phng, u phng hay cn gi l lc, tn khoa hc: Arachis hypogaea. L cy thc

phm thuc h u, c ngun gc ti Trung v Nam M. Cy thn tho. L mc i, kp, hnh lng chim vi bn l cht. Kch thc l cht di 1-7cm v rng 1-3cm. Hoa mu vng c im gn , cung hoa di 2-4cm. Sau khi th phn, qu (c) pht trin, di 3-7cm, cha 1-4 ht, qu thng du xung t pht trin.(T in Wikipdeia) I.THI V: a. t c lao ven sng: - V ng Xun: Thng xung ging khi nc l rt khi mt rung, xung ging tp trung t ngy 15/11 n 15/12 dng lch. - V H Thu trng vo thng 4-5 dl thu hoch trc khi l v. b. t ni (Tri Tn, Tnh Bin v Thoi Sn) - V ng Xun: Xung ging t thng 11-12 dl (cui ma ma) ni c ngun nc ti. - V H Thu: Xung ging vo u ma ma, l ma sn xut ch lc ca nhng vng t ny. - V Thu ng: Ch trng nhng vng t cao, thot nc tt. V ny thng cho nng sut thp, ch yu sn xut ging cho v ng xun. II. T AI: - t thch hp nht c pH t 5,5 6,5 to iu kin cho vi khun nt sn pht trin tt. - t phi ti xp, cao ro, thot nc nhanh tia u phng d m vo t. III. K THUT TRNG: 1. Ging: Tiu chun ht ging: Khng ln, sch su bnh. Chn ht ging to, my, v ht sng, khng sy st, t l ny mm trn 90%. Ht ging khi em trng phi bo m cho ht to u Mt s ging ang sn xut ph bin v c trin vng ti An Giang: a. Ging P25 (t bin t ging Sen lai): - Thi gian sinh trng: 115 120 ngy. - Cy cng, l to v xanh m. - Chiu cao cy t 56 60 cm. - Nng sut 25 30 gi/1.000m2.

- Ht to u, v la trng hng, ht t nhn. b. Ging M Kt: - Thi gian sinh trng: 95 100 ngy. - T l 3 ht cao (chim 50-60 %). - V qu c gn ni r, m qu c dng m kt. - Th trng ang a chung. - Nng sut thp: 20 gi/1.000m2. c. Ging MD 7: - Chiu cao cy 35- 40 cm, dng thng ng. - Mu sc thn l mu xanh m, v la hng nht. - Khng bnh ho xanh vi khun. - Nng sut kh: 28 30 gi /1.000m2. - Thi gian sinh trng: 95 100 ngy. d. Ging u V (u Tu): Ngun gc ng Nam B - Tri to, v la mu hng. - Thi gian sinh trng: 90 ngy. - Dng thn ng, ht to. - Nng sut cao: 30 35 gi/1.000 m2. e. Ging HL 25: - Thi gian sinh trng t 88-98 ngy. - Dng thn ng, chiu cao trung bnh: 48-58 cm. - Ht to u, v la mu trng hng, nhn, ph hp vi xut khu. - Nng sut: 30-35 gi/1.000m2. - Nhim bnh g st v m l trung bnh. 2. Sa son t: - i vi t ni: *Cy v xi cho ti xp t, ty iu kin t ai v ma v m ln lp cao hay thp. *Chiu ngang lp t 1,2 1,5m; chiu cao lp t 0,3 0,5m. - i vi t c lao ven sng: C th trng khng ln lp, c 5-10 m o mt rnh nhm thot nc tt.

3. Cch trng: - Khng nn bc v ra trc, ch bc ra ngay khi gieo ht. Chn ging c t l ny mm ln hn 90%. - Lng ging tnh trn 1 ha: 220 250 kg qu ht kh (m 8-9 % . - Cch trng: 2 cch * Trng theo l: Trng 4-5 l trn hng ngang, 2-3 ht l. Khong cch gia cc l 20-25cm, hng cch hng 2530 cm. * Trng rch hng: Trn hng k rnh, trng theo rnh 10 cm/ht, khong cch gia 2 rnh 2025 cm. - X l ht ging: 2 cch * Gieo ht ngm : Ngm ht ging trong nc 3- 4 gi nhit bnh thng. em 10 -12 gi. Khi r mm nh ra khi v la c th trng v t r mm hng xung t. X l ht ny mm trc khi gieo bng BAM 5H hoc Basudin 10H (0,5-1,0 kg/ha) + Rovral. * Gieo trc tip: Trc khi gieo, ht ging c vy t cho u, sau em trn ht ging vi cc loi thuc trn. 4. Ti nc: Ty thuc vo iu kin t ai v vic b tr ma v m ch ti khc nhau. Nhng i vi cy u phng thng p dng ti phun ma quanh gc l tt nht. Ti An Giang thng s dng phng php ti thm (t ng bng) v s dng nc ma (vng t ni) l ch yu. Trc khi thu hoch nn gim nc ti. i vi cc ging ang s dng ti An Giang hin nay th 10 ngy trc khi nh u khng c ti nc v ht trong t s ny mm. Trc khi thu hoch mt ngy cho nc vo rung u khi thu hoch nh khng b t tri. 5. Lm c v ta dm cy con: a. Trng dm: Thng thng 3 -5 ngy sau khi gieo ht mc u, kim tra v dm li. b. Lm c: - Trc hoc sau khi gieo ht t 1- 3 ngy s dng Dual, Dual Gold, Ronstar trn t trng u phng.

- Trng hp cy c ny mm v pht trin c 3-6 l (14 - 18 ngy sau khi gieo), c th s dng cc loi thuc tr c nh: Gallant Super, Onecide, Targa Super, Select. - Cc giai on sau ch lm c bng tay trn t trng u phng. 6. Bn phn: - Bn vi: Canxi l cht dinh dng cn ch trc tin khi trng u phng. Thiu canxi ht lp nhiu, tri b thi en cung, thn mm b xm en. K thut cung cp canxi cho u phng An Giang ch yu l bn vi. - Lng phn bn cho 1 ha: Phn chung: 4 5 tn; Vi: 400 500kg; Ur: 150kg; Super ln: 100 150kg; KCl: 100 120kg - Cch bn: * Bn lt: Ton b phn chung + Vi + KCl + Super Ln + 1/3 Ur + Thuc tr mi, kin + d. * Bn thc: Ln 1: 10-15 ngy sau khi gieo (cy c 2-3 l kp) bn 1/3 ur. Ln 2: 25-30 ngy sau khi gieo (cy c 2-3 l kp) bn 1/3 ur + Super Ln. Ngoi ra c th s dng phn bn l kt hp vi cc ln phun thuc tr su. 7.Phng tr su bnh: a. Trc khi gieo: Nn x l ht ging bng cc loi thuc tr nm ph rng nh Mancozeb, Rovral hn ch cht cy con. b. Khi gieo ht: Ht ging c th b chut, kin, mi n ph. Nn sau khi lp ht c th ri thuc xua ui nh BAM, Basudin Ngoi ra, cc loi thuc ny cng tr c su t, su keo tn cng khi cy va mc khi mt t. c. Giai on cy con n cy bt u ra hoa: - Nhm su n l: C ba loi chnh thng gp l: Su keo, su xanh, su c l Ba loi ny nu mt s di 2 con/cy th khng cn x l. V trong giai on ny cy tip tc ra l mi, c kh nng b p nhng l b thit hi. Nu mt s cao c th s dng cc loi thuc nh: Match, Pegasus, Amate, - Nhm chch ht: C 3 loi thng gp l b tr, nhn , ry mm. iu kin kh hn rt thch hp vi cc loi ny. phng tr nhm ny

khng rung kh hn, cn quan st di mt l pht hin sm. i vi nhn dng thuc tr nh Nissorun, Comite, Nhn v b tr c th dng Confidor, Admire, Actara, v phi lun phin thuc. - Nhm bnh cy: * Bnh m l: + m nu: Cn gi l m l sm, trn l vt bnh mu nu, thng xut hin trn l non. + m en: trn l vt bnh trn mu en thng nm ra ngoi mt l. Bnh c th xut hin sm 3-5 tun sau khi gieo. Bnh pht trin mnh khi nhit v m cao. Bnh nng lm gim s quang hp v rng l. Khi bnh chm xut hin c th phun cc loi thuc nh Benomyl, Carbendazim * Bnh g st: + Triu chng: Bnh pht sinh ch yu trn l, i khi c trn cung l, thn, tia qu. Vt bnh l cc mn nh mu vng cam di cc mt l, bnh nng lm l kh vng v rng i. Bnh do nm gy ra, c th hi trn tt c giai on sinh trng ca cy. Khi chm bnh c th phun: Daconil, Dithane M45, Bavistin d. Trong giai on cy ra hoa n thu hoch: y l giai on quan trng nht, giai on ny cng thng gp cc loi su bnh nh giai on t cy con n bt u ra hoa. Qu u phng trong t c th b thit hi do: * Mi: n phn v qu hoc c vo qu, lm cho cc loi nm c iu kin xm nhp vo lm h ht. * Bnh thi qu (do nm Pythium miriotylum) khi cy c qu, nm xm nhp vo lm thi tia v v qu. Bin php ngn nga: rung cn thot nc tt, khng b ngp ng Ngoi ra trn u phng cn xut hin bnh u c. Cy b bnh thng ln, l c mu vng trong khi gn l cn xanh, l dy, nh , dn, l cong queo, u l nhn. Cy s khng ra hoa, hoc nu ra hoa cng khng u tri. Bnh xut hin nng trong thi k kh hn do ry v rp l mi gii truyn bnh. Phng tr ry v rp bng cc loi thuc Supracide, Mospilan 3EC,... 8. Thu hoch:

- Thu hoch: Khi thy l tr mu nn nh 1 vi bi quan st, nu thy 2/3 s tri gi th nn thu hoch ngay. Nu bn n ti nn thu hoch sm hn t 10-15 ngy. 9. Chn ging: - Chn ging: u phng l cy t th, do vy c th dng ging cho v sau. Chn ging theo nguyn tc 4 tt: * Chn ging tt: Ch chn nhng ging u phng thch hp vi rung ging ca mnh. * Chn rung tt: t ln tp. * Chn khonh rung tt: ng u, tt nht rung. * Chn cy tt: Chn nhng cy tt nht, nhng cy c t th loi b. 10. Bo qun: L cy c du nn rt mau mt sc ny mm, bo qun trong dng c kn (bao poly ethylen, lu, vi), phi 3 thng/ln th t nh hng n t l ny mm. Qu u phng phi c phi tht kh, m trong ht khong 10-12%. Ch , ch ly nhng qu gi lm ging. Khi phi lm ging, tri u phng phi lc ku v khi tch ra v la phi d trc. Bao cha u khng tip xc trc tip vi mt t. *Lu : - Khng nn trng u lin tip qua nhiu v trn cng 1 mnh t s lm gim nng sut. - Khng nn lun canh u phng vi cc cy h u khc, khoai lang, c t trnh ly lan bnh.

K Thut Trng Lc (u Phng) V XunLc l cy cng nghip ngn ngy c gi tr kinh t v dinh dng cao. Cy lc cn l cy trng tng v ci to t rt tt. Gn y, nhiu ging lc mi c nng sut cao c th nghim v a vo sn xut i tr nh ging MD7, L14, L15, ging sen lai... gip b con nng dn trng lc t hiu qu cao

chng ti xin gii thiu mt s bin php k thut trng v chm sc lc v xun. 1. K thut trng lc: * Lng ging: 7 -8 kg lc c /so * Thi v: V xun gieo t 15/1 - 25/2 dng lch * K thut lm t v ln lung : Yu cu lm t phi ti xp, lm sch c di, sau tin hnh ln lung. Ln lung rng 1,0 - 1,5 m, lung cao 25 - 30 cm, trn t bi thot nc c th trng theo bng, mi bng rng 5-6 m rch hng theo chiu dc hoc chiu ngang lung.. Ch : Ging cao cy, thn l pht trin mnh th gieo tha hn ging thp cy, thn ng. V Xun trn t tt, thm canh gieo tha hn trn t xu. 2. K thut chm sc: * Phn bn: (Cho 1 so) Lc yu cu bn phn hu c, ln v vi. Trn t bc mu phi bn thm Kali. Cc ging lc tin b k thut mi yu cu thm canh cao hn cc ging c. - Lng phn bn: Phn chung: 300-350 kg Phn m: 3 -4 kg Phn Kali: 3 - 4 kg Phn Ln: 15 kg Vi Bt: 15 kg - Cch bn: + Vi bn lt 50% trc khi rch hng. - Dng cuc rch hng su 5-7 cm, Khong cch hng x hng 30-40 cm, hng ngoi cch mp lung 10-15 cm cy cch cy 10 -15 cm, gieo 1ht/hc + Lng phn ho hc dng bn lt cho mt so gm Supeln 15 kg + 1,5-2kg kali +1,5 -2kgm, trn u v ri xung rch. lng phn hu c bn sau cng (300-350 kg), sau khi bn phn xong lp mt lp t dy 2-3 cm ht gieo khng b tip xc trc tip vi phn. + Bn thc khi cy c 2 - 3 l tht: m ur 1,5 -2 kg+1,5 -2 kg kali + 4kg vi bt

+ Sau khi lc ra hoa r t 7-10 ngy bn nt lng Vi cn li, khng trn vi vi loi phn no khc. * Gieo ht: - Trc khi gieo, nn phi li di nng nh 3 - 4 gi. - Gieo lc c ma nh, t m, nu t kh nn ti vo rch ht r ny mm, gieo ht cch xa phn bn lt 3-4 cm, nu ht tip sc vi phn th ht s b cht st. Khi gieo xong cn lp mt lp t dy 1-2 cm ph kn ht. * Chm sc: + Sau trng 4-5 ngy tin hnh kim tra trng dm nhng ch mt khong. - Xi ln 1: Khi cy c 2 -3 l tht (sau mc 10 -12 ngy). Lc ny cn xi ph vng khng vun to thong di gc cho 2 l mm l ra, to iu kin cp cnh cp 1 pht trin tt. - Xi c ln 2: Khi cy c 7 - 8 l tht (sau mc 30 - 35 ngy), trc khi ra hoa ln ny nn xi su 5-6 cm gia hng to cho t ti xp, thong kh, r lc sinh trng pht trin tt, ch khng vun gc - Xi c ln 3: Kt hp vun gc sau khi lc ra hoa r 7 - 10 ngy. -Ti nc: Nu thi tit kh hn cn phi ti nc gi m cy lc sinh trng pht trin tt. Nht l thi k trc ra hoa v thi k lm qu, c th ti phun, hoc ti vo rnh ngp 2/3 lung, ti ngm u ri tho cn. * Phng tr su bnh: - Ch ng phng tr su bnh bng cc bin php k thut canh tc tng hp: Bn phn cn i, chm sc hp l, p dng bin php phng tr tng hp. - Thng xuyn kim tra ng rung pht hin su bnh v phng tr kp thi theo hng dn ca chuyn ngnh BVTV. - Cn lu : D, kin, mi hi qu khi trng v khi qu chn, bnh ho xanh do vi khun hi cy.

Phn Bn Cho Cy Lc ( u Phng)1- c im nng hc v yu cu ngoi cnh: Lc l cy ngun gc nhit i, nhit trung bnh thch hp trong sut chu k sinh trng

l khong 25-300C. Lc khng yu cu kht khe v ph t, tuy nhin, lc khng thch hp trn cc chn t qu dc, t chua mn v t st cn cc loi t khc u c th trng c lc. nc ta lc c trng nhiu vng khc nhau trong ca nc. Trong , Vng Ty Nguyn v ng Nam b chim ti 30 % dn tch trng lc ca c nc v c trng ch yu trn t Bazan, t ph sa khng c bi hng nm. 2. K thut trng: Lc c th trng 2 v trn nm, vng ng Nam b v Ty Nguyn thi v lc ch yu ph thuc vo ma ma. Mt gieo trng ph thuc vo c im ca ging v thi v. Mt ph hp i vi cc tnh min ng Nam b v ng bng sng Cu Long khoang 30-35 cy/m2 3- Nhu cu v vai tr cc cht dinh dng vi cy lc Lc cng nh cy h u khc c nhu cu cao v m xong nh h thng nt sn b r cung cp mt lng m ng k. Tuy nhin, nt sn ca cy ch hnh thnh sau khi cy mc 1 tun do giai on u thi k cy con cy lc cn mt lng m nht nh. Hn na, h vi sinh vt trong nt sn c nhu cu s dng phn m pht trin nn cn bn m lt v thc sm lc pht trin ngay t u v to nhiu nt sn hu hiu. Trn cc chn t bc mu, ngho dinh dng nu khng bn phn m th h vi sinh vt cng sinh nt sn pht trin km v vy nng sut s rt km. Thiu m, thn l c mu xanh vng, l nh, kh nng vn cao, m cnh km. Thiu m trong giai on u cy cn ci, kh hnh thnh nt sn v t l nt sn hu hiu thp. Ln: Ln c tc dng kch thch b r pht trin, thc y s hnh thnh nt sn, tng cng kh nng ht m ca cy, thc y ra hoa hnh thnh c sm, gim t l lp. Cy lc c nhu cu cao v ln t thi k ra hoa ti sau hnh thnh c. Thi k cy con hm lng ln trong cy khng cao nhng rt cn thit vi sinh vt cng sinh pht trin hnh thnh nt sn. Do vy ln cn c bn sm. Thiu ln xut hin sc trn l, thiu nhiu l chuyn qua mu nu, cy ci cc. Kali: Kali ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh quang hp v s pht trin qu (c) lm tng s nhn, tng t l ht chc, tng nng sut v hm lng du trong ht. Hm lng kali trong l cao nht thi k ngay trc ra hoa sau gim i thi k hnh thnh c. V vy cn bn kali sm v kt thc trc khi cy ra hoa. Thiu kali xut hin nhng m vng mp l sau lan ra thnh mng v dn cht kh, thng l non xut hin nhng vt m vng nu. Thiu kali lm c mt nhn nhiu, t l du thp. Khuyn co v phn bn cho lc trn t baza vng Ty Nguyn trn t bazan ln phn bn cho lc c th bn vi mc 3.1. Phn bn cho cy lc

phn, cch bn Bn lt ton b phn hu c (hoc vi sinh), 1/2 phn ln, v ri phn theo hng. Bn thc 1: Khi cy c 3 - 4 l tht, bn 2/3 lng m v 1/2 lng phn ka li, bn phn cch gc khong 5 cm, lp t kt hp lm c v xi vun nh Bn thc 2: Khi lc ra hoa 1/3 lng m cn li, 1/2 lng ln cn li v 1/2 lng kali cn li. Vi bt: Bn lm 2 ln: Ln 1 bn 1/2 lng vi khi lm t ln cui, ln 2 bn ht lng vi cn li khi lc ra hoa. 4. Hiu lc ca kali i vi lc Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Nguyn Th Hin (1994), ty theo lng kali nng sut lc tng t 13 n 41% so vi khng bn, vi hiu sut s dng kali t 2,3 n 8,2 kg lc v kh/1 kg K2O bn vo. lng bn 60 kg K2O/ha hiu sut t 6,2 8,2 kg lc/kg K2O.

Ch V Dinh Dng Cy LcCy lc l cy ra hoa trn mt t nhng li m tia xung t hnh thnh qu (m ta thng gi l c lc) nn cy cn c t ti, xp, thnh phn c gii nh, thot nc tt vic m tia c thun li, v thu hoch c d dng. Cy lc rt mn cm vi t mn nhng li chu c mt gii hn rng ca pH t. Tuy nhin gii hn thch hp nht ca pH cho cy lc l t trung tnh

hoc chua nh. Trong trng hp pH t < 5 hoc ngho canxi cy d b ng c mangan v nhm. nc ta cy lc c trng ch yu nhng chn t xm bc mu trn ph sa c, t ph sa c thnh phn c gii nh, s t c trng trn t bazan... Loi t ny rt thch hp v mt l tnh cho cy lc, nhng li ngho dinh dng. Chnh v vy trong ngh c truyn b cu phng ngn: Khng ln, khng vi, th thi trng lc. mi vng, a phng u c quy trnh sn xut lc, trong ni n vic bn bao nhiu phn chung, bao nhiu vi, bao nhiu phn NPK, v bn vo lc no. Chng ti ch mun phn tch thm mt s yu t dinh dng m nu khng quan tm ng mc s gy ra nhng khc bit, hoc khng p ng c y nhu cu ca cy lc. Nguyn liu cung cp canxi cho cy lc v nng cao pH t ch yu c nhc n l vi. Nhng nu s dng vi khng ng cch s c mt s khim khuyt sau: Nu bn qu nhiu vi s gy hin tng thiu st (Fe) v Bo (B) cho cy lc, v y cng l vn thng gp phi trong sn xut. Bn vi v phn NPK nu khng quan tm n lu hunh (S) trong thnh phn phn bn khin cy lc gim nng sut v cht lng ht. Cy lc l cy trng cn rt nhiu m hnh thnh thn l v sn phm qu, ht. Ngi ta thy rng 1kg m (N) ch hnh thnh c 36kg thn, l, c lc (biomass), trong khi cng 1kg N li c th hnh thnh c ti 120kg thn l cy cao lng. Chnh v vy cc b phn thn, l, c ca cy lc c gi tr dinh dng rt cao so vi cc cy ha tho khc. Tuy vy, nh kh nng c nh m ca nt sn r cy nn phn ln nhu cu N ca cy (khong 80%) c cy t p ng nu vic hnh thnh nt sn xy ra bnh thng. Trong nhiu trng hp nt sn rt kh hnh thnh, nh trng lc trn t mi, trn t sau khi trng la nc v.v. Trong trng hp nh vy ta phi c gii php x l ht bng cc ch phm vi sinh rhizobium v mycorrhizae, hoc phi tng lng cung cp phn m trc tip cho lc nu khng c iu kin x l. Mt vn khc, c tnh cy lc l hp thu canxi ch yu bng c khi c ang ln, nn vic bn vi cho cy phi bn vo vng quanh gc cy (vng tia lc m xung) th cy mi hp thu d dng, v canxi trong t rt kh di chuyn. Thiu canxi c lc s b p (tc c rng) v mt nng sut.

Lu hunh (S) gip cy chng li cc bnh nm v tng hm lng protein trong ht. Trong thnh phn phn bn phi tnh lng S cho cy. C th dng cc loi phn c cha S nh super ln, phn m SA hay dng canxi di dng thch cao bn. Lng lu hunh phi t khong 30-50kg S/ha. Mt s trng hp cy lc c th b thiu st gy bnh bc l, nhng t gp nc ta, nu ta khng bn qu nhiu vi. Nu gp trng hp ny c th khc phc bng cch phun st sulfat (FeSO4.7H2O) cho cy vi nng khong 0,2%, hoc dng loi ch phm phn bn l giu st phun. Trong trng hp thiu st kiu ny c th km theo vic thiu Bo (B), nn phun km vi Bo khc phc s c ny. Dng borax pha khong 10g/bnh 10 lt phun.

M hnh trng u phng ging mi - HL25 cho nng sut caoc s h tr ca Trung tm Khuyn nng tnh v Cng ty Phn bn Bnh in, v ng - Xun 2008 - 2009, ln u tin ging u phng mi HL 25 c a vo sn xut th nghim ti HTXNN2 Ct Hanh, (Ph Ct). C 3 h nng dn thn Tn Ha v Chnh An tham gia thc hin m hnh. Trn din tch 5.000m2, kt hp bn phn chung, vi bt v phn chuyn dng NPK u Tru, nng sut t 38-40 t/ha. Theo quy trnh k thut, t trng phi ro xp, ln thnh lung; mi lung rng 0,5m, hng cch hng 20 cm, cy cch cy l 18 cm. Vi lng ht ging tra 200 kg/ ha. Mi ha bn: 12 tn phn chung, 400 kg vi bt v 400 kg phn chuyn dng. Mc d v ng - Xun gp thi tit bt li, su bnh pht sinh gy hi; nhng ging u phng HL25 nng sut t t 38-40 t/ha, cao hn 9 t/ha so vi cc loi ging u phng i chng c bn phn bng phn n trn cng chn t. Theo tnh ton ca nng dn tham gia thc hin m hnh, th li nhun ca mt hc ta c s dng phn bn chuyn dng l 17,8 triu ng cao hn 6,7 triu ng so vi ging u a phng i chng, bn phn n. Ging u phng HL25, c thi gian sinh trng trong v ng - Xun l t 90-100 ngy. Cy u nhnh khe sinh trng pht trin tt, ht chc; li khng c bnh cht o c kh nng chu lnh, cho nng sut cao. T kt qu ny trong nhng v sn xut ti, nng dn Hp tc x nng nghip 2 Ct Hanh s nhn rng ging u phng HL25 ln khong 50 ha, tng bc thay th dn cc loi ging u b thoi ha, nng sut thp... Qua m hnh trn, c th chuyn i ma v lun canh cy trng: u phng ng - Xun - la H - Thu; hoc la ng Xun - u phng v H; gp phn gii quyt tnh trng thiu nc ti; ct c cu ni su bnh cy la gia 2 v sn xut, ng thi cy u phng c tc dng c nh m, ci to t gp phn lm gim chi ph u t sn xut, m hiu qu kinh t li cao hn gp nhiu ln.

Kho nghim ging u phng L14 vng ct: Hiu qu ngoi mong iTh hai, 24 Thng 8 2009 08:28

Gn y, qua nhiu v sn xut kho nghim, nng dn hai x Duy Ngha v Duy Hi (huyn Duy Xuyn) chn c i tng cy trng mi c nhiu kh nng lm i thay vng t kh cn ny: ging u phng L14...

Cnh ng sn xut th nghim ging u L14.

u v sn xut ng xun 2007-2008 n nay, Trung tm Khuyn nng - khuyn ng Qung Nam cng vi Trm Khuyn nng - khuyn lm v Phng NN&PTNT huyn Duy Xuyn phi hp trin khai xy dng m hnh kho nghim ging u phng L14 trn a bn cc x Duy Ngha, Duy Hi. Khng ch c h tr 40% kinh ph mua ging v 20% vt t, phn bn cc loi; nng dn ni y cn c cc n v lin quan tp hun k thut trng, chm bn, phng tr su bnh gy hi v cch thu hoch, bo qun sn phm. Qua 4 v sn xut, u phng L14 thc s tr thnh cy xa i, gim ngho cho nng dn vng ct cn bn b kh khn ny. Nhiu nm qua, so t vn ca b Nguyn Th Hoa (thn L Sn, x Duy Ngha) quanh i qun li cng ch bit trng m en. B Hoa cho bit, nu c ma lm th nng sut t khong 20-25kg m kh. Vi gi bn ti ch 30 nghn ng/kg, 1 so m en cho tng gi tr 600-700 nghn ng; trong , vn u t cho khu ging, phn bn v tin thu nhn cng chim gn mt na. Theo b Hoa, nu khng sn xut m en th trng khoai lang trn ngn y din tch mi nm cng ch thu v khng qu 350 nghn ng. u v h thu 2009, b Hoa quyt nh chuyn s din tch trn sang trng ging u phng L14. c cn b k thut hng dn cn k quy trnh sn xut, so u ca b pht trin rt tt v gn nh khng b su bnh gy hi. Cch y vi ngy, b Hoa thu hoch c 295kg u phng ti, ch ln ch H Lam bn vi gi 7 nghn ng/kg, thu v 2,1 triu ng. Trong sut qu trnh sinh

trng v pht trin ca so u y, b Hoa bn 5kg phn ur, 2 tm bnh du, 10kg phn Biogro, 2 bao tro rm cng tin thu nhn cng (lm t, nh, lt qu) vi tng chi ph chng 550 nghn ng. Nh vy, mi so u phng L14 cho li rng hn 1,5 triu ng, gp 4 ln so vi lm m en v khoai lang trc y.

u phng L14 - cy trng trin vng vng ct Duy Xuyn trong hn 2 nm tr li y.

ng Nguyn Vn ng, Trng trm Khuyn nng - khuyn lm Duy Xuyn thng tin: Khng ch b Hoa m rt nhiu h dn khc 2 x vng ct ny cng bi thu t m hnh sn xut ging u phng L14. Theo ng ng, nng sut bnh qun chung cho ton khu vc t t nht 285kg u phng ti/so, tng 30-40% so vi v ng xun va qua. Cn ni thm, 5 nm gn y, khng t gia nh Duy Ngha v Duy Hi o t a ging u phng s Ty Nguyn (cn gi l Sen Lai) v canh tc i tr trn hng trm hc ta t mu. Tuy nhin, do ging ny b thoi ha nghim trng nn nng sut rt thp, mi so ch chng 160-180kg ti. Vi gn 500 mt vung t, v h thu ny, ng Nguyn Cng Trinh (x Duy Ngha) sn xut ging u phng s Ty Nguyn mt na din tch, cn li mt na dnh cho ging u phng L14. ng Trinh cho bit, u phng s Ty Nguyn tri nh v rt t, ngc li u phng L14 tri nhiu v rt to v nng sut ca u phng s Ty Nguyn thp hn u phng L14 t nht l 60%. nhiu v bm vi m hnh kho nghim ny, Ph phng NN&PTNT huyn Duy Xuyn Phm nh Xun khng nh, nhn xt v 2 ging u trn ca ng Nguyn Cng Trinh l hon ton chnh xc!

Vi kh nng khng bnh cht yu rt cao, thch nghi vi iu kin thi tit khc nghit (nht l kh hn), ph hp trn chn t ct ngho dinh dng, nng sut vt tri... chc chn trong thi gian ti u phng L14 s chim th thng phong ti 2 x vng ng Duy Xuyn.

V ny, b Trng Th Mn (thn Sn Vin, x Duy Ngha) thu hn 1,5 triu ng t 1 so u phng L14 gp 4 ln so vi trng m en. Chuyn i cy trng trn ct

D cy u phng s Ty Nguyn ang khin ngi nng dn bn khon v cht lng ging, nhng t ra cng tng to ra s thay i ln hai x Duy Ngha v Duy Hi - ni sn xut khong 800 ha u phng ng xun v h thu, chim hn 50% din tch sn xut u phng ton huyn Duy Xuyn. Nhng nm trc, nhn dn hai x vng ct ny ch sn xut c mt v la nc tri cho nng sut bp bnh v phn ln din tch l t ct bc mu v kh cn, khng ch ng c nc ti tiu. Thc hin ch trng chuyn dch c cu cy trng ca a phng, ngi dn bt u chuyn sang u phng. Ngoi vic cho thu nhp cao, cy u cn c dng lm phn bn cho cc loi cy trng v tip theo v t cng ci thin nhiu. Nu nh nhn dn vng ct sn xut 2 v u ng xun v m h thu th mi ha cho thu nhp hn 80 triu ng/nm, y c xem l cnh ng m c ca nhn dn vng ct.

Chnh v hiu qu kinh t cao ca cy u phng m ngi dn Duy Ngha chuyn hu ht din tch trng khoai lang ng xun, m h thu trc y sang sn xut u phng. Nh trng u phng m Duy Ngha hnh thnh nhng cnh ng t 60 triu ng/ha/nm tr ln. Ngi dn cn tn dng ngun ph phm ca u phng nh thn cy u, bnh du pht trin chn nui v lm phn bn cho nhiu loi cy trng rt tt, nng sut cao, gim chi ph mua phn bn cho cy trng, tng hiu qu kinh t trn n v din tch.

Chnh v sc ht y m din tch sn xut cy u cc a phng, ch yu l 2 x vng ct Duy Ngha v Duy Hi (Duy Xuyn) khng ngng tng ln trong nhng nm qua, t vi chc ha th hin nay ln n hng trm hc ta mi nm. (TN CHU)

Kho nghim thnh cng ging u phng nng sut cao huyn An PhCp nht ngy: 15/09/2010 06:56:42

Ph Gim c S Khoa hc v Cng ngh An Giang Mai Th nh Tuyt cho bit: Trung tm ng dng tin b khoa hc v cng ngh phi hp Vin Khoa hc k thut nng nghip Duyn hi Nam Trung B v Trung tm Nghin cu pht trin u -Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam va t chc kho nghim, trnh din thnh cng ging u phng nng sut cao huyn An Ph.

Nng dn tham quan thc t ti rung trng u phng An Ph. Hot ng ny nhm mc tiu l kho nghim v trnh din mt s ging u phng c nng sut cao v phm cht tt ti 3 huyn An Ph, Tnh Bin, Tri Tn. Cc ging u phng L14, L23, L20, L 14 c h dn Nguyn Vn Hi, x Ph Hu, huyn An Ph trng trn din tch 2.000m 2 t cui thng 4-2010. Theo anh Hi, k thut trng cng ht sc n gin: Trong khu chun b t ch cn cy su 1520cm, xi ba ti xp v bn lt phn DAP 5kg, vi 25kg. Sau xung ging u phng, mt trng 30x20cm, su 4-6cm, mi hc t 2 ht. Ht ging c x l bng Cruiser nga nm bnh v tng

cng sc ny mm cho cy. Cy pht trin c 10 ngy bn 5 kg phn Kali, 5 kg phn Ur kt hp lm c, vun gc u, ta gim v xem xt tnh hnh su bnh p dng bin php phng tr. Sau 20 ngy, tin hnh bn thc 10 kg NPK (20:20:15), 5 kg Kali kt hp lm c, xem xt tnh hnh su bnh. n 28 ngy, thi k th i m vo t v thi k to tri non nn cn bn thc ln th 2 vi 10kg NPK, 5kg Kali, 25 kg vi, cung cp nc v p dng cc bin php phng tr su bnh. Cy pht trin c 90 ngy tri gi t 75-80% tng s tri trn cy, l gc v l gia chuyn sang mu vng v rng, v tri mng, sm mu, gn ni r th tri t chun thu hoch, nu lu tri qu gi s ny mm trn cy trc khi thu hoch. Trong qu trnh trng cn ti m cho cy trong khi tri hn, cn tri ma phi nh rnh cho thng thong trnh ng. c im u phng phi tri nhit 35-40 oC l thch hp (khng phi trn nn xi mng). bo qun, dng lu, keo, l... ra sch, phi nng tht kh cho tru vo khong 20cm, cho ht u vo n gn y ri tru ph ln cho y, bt kn ming ri y np, t ni cao, thong mt. Lm theo cch ny c th bo qun ht u 7-8 thng v t l ny mm t 90%. Qua 3 thng trng, cc ging kho nghim, trnh din so vi ging i chng (u v), tng i t b nhim su bnh, cy khe pht trin tt. Ging u phng L14 cho s tri trung bnh 14,4 tri/cy, L23 c 17,3 tri/cy, trong khi ging i chng ch t 14,2 tri/cy. Nng sut trung bnh cao nht thuc v ging L14 465kg/1.000m2, L23 409 kg/1.000m2. T l nng sut ging kho nghim trnh din cao hn so ging i chng t 26,6-44%. ng ch , cc ging u c s tri/cy tng i thp nhng t l ht chc li cao (trn 80%), cao nht l ging L 23 v L14, cn ging L14 t l ht chc thp. Qua trng th nghim cho thy, nhng ging u c s tri/cy cao tng ng nng sut cao v ngc li nhng ging c s tri/cy thp th nng sut thp, mc d t l ht chc cao. Qua kt qu kho nghim, trnh din chn ra c 2 ging u phng cho nng sut cao l L14 v L23, vi ht to, rut chc, c nng dn rt a chung, chn trng nhn rng trong thi gian ti. Cn tnh ton hiu qu kinh t, trng u phng nh cng chm sc, li nhun gp i so trng la. Vi 1 cng 1.000m2, sau 3 thng trng sn lng bnh qun t 4,09 tn, gi bn 12 ngn ng/kg, sau khi tr chi ph cn li gn 2,7 triu ng, trong khi trng ging u c (u v) ch t 3,23 tn, li nhun cha ti 1,7 triu ng. l trng trn v h thu, nu trng v ng xun hiu qu cn cao hn, nh kh hu, mi trng thun li... Theo Phng Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn huyn An Ph, y l nhng ging cy trng c cht lng cao ph hp chuyn i cy trng trong nng nghip a phng, nht l cn thit cho vn khi phc ging b thoi ha. ng thi pht trin ging u phng nng sut cao gp phn chuyn dch c cu cy trng, nng cao hiu qu trong lnh vc trng trt v ci to t canh tc mu m. Sn xut u phng ging cho v ng - xun Nhng nm trc, nhn dn Cu Ngang ch sn xut c mt v u phng ng - xun cho nng sut cao. Gn y, qua nhiu v sn xut kho nghim ging u phng MD7, MD9 trn t trin ging, ng ct nng dn hai x Long Sn v M Long Bc, huyn Cu Ngang t tc trng c u phng v h - thu v thu - ng, mt mt va tng thu nhp v ci to t, mt khc c ging sn xut cho v ng - xun.

Cn b k thut kim tra m hnh trng u phng bng phn vi sinh ca ng Thch S, x Long Sn, huyn Cu Ngang

ng Phm Vn So, Gim c cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Quang Ph cho bit: Hng nm cng ty mua ging u phng Bun Ma Thut v bn cho nhn dn hai huyn Cu Ngang v Duyn Hi vi s lng khong 80 tn, nhng nhng nm gn y, nh p dng chuyn giao khoa hc k thut vo sn xut, mt s b con c kinh nghim t trng c u phng trong ma ma, va tng thu nhp va t tc c ging trng cho v ng xun, gi y s lng u phng ging cng ty em v cung cp cho nng dn gim so vi trc. Hu ht cc m hnh trng u phng Cu Ngang u dng ging u phng MD7, MD9, L23... Cc loi ging ny c nng sut n nh, thch nghi vi iu kin th nhng, kh hu; khng nh mt s loi ging b con mua Ty Nguyn v sn xut v ng - xun c nng sut thp v d b thoi ha, hiu qu kinh t khng cao. Ging u phng ny ngoi vic cho thu nhp cao, cy u cn c dng lm phn bn cho cc loi cy trng v tip theo v t cng c ci thin. Chnh v hiu qu kinh t cao, v h thu ny ngi dn M Long Bc tng 10% din tch trng u phng. Nh trng u phng m ngi dn M Long Bc c thu nhp khong 80 triu ng/ha/nm. Ngi dn cn tn dng ngun ph phm ca u phng nh thn cy u, v u pht trin chn nui v lm phn bn cho nhiu loi cy trng rt tt, nng sut cao, gim chi ph mua phn bn cho cy trng, tng hiu qu kinh t. Nh din tch sn xut cy u phng cc a phng, ch yu l 2 x vng ct M Long Bc v Long Sn khng ngng tng ln, t mt vi chc ha th hin nay ln n hng trm ha mi nm. Gn 3 thng trng 80 ha u phng v h - thu vi ging u phng MD7, MD9 ti x M Long Bc cho kt qu kh quan, nng sut c t 30 - 35 gi/cng. Do thi tit nn nng sut v ny km hn v ng - xun gn 10 gi/cng, cn v thu - ng nng sut thp hn v h - thu, nhng t tiu chun u ging, phc v ging ti ch cho sn xut v ng - xun. Nhiu nm qua, vi 2.000 m2 t ging ct ca ng Trn Kim Ha, p Bn y B, x M Long Bc quanh i qun li cng ch bit trng bp. ng Ha cho bit, nu c ma th nng sut t khong 3 tn, li nhun 2 - 3 triu ng. u v h - thu nm

nay, ng Ha quyt nh chuyn s din tch trn sang trng ging u phng, cy u pht trin tt v gn nh khng b su bnh, c li nhun t 3 - 4 triu ng/cng. Trong sut qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca 2 cng u y, ng Ha bn vi, phn ln, ur, cng tin thu nhn cng (lm t, ta u) vi tng chi ph gn 3 triu ng. Hin nay, Trung tm Khuyn nng - Khuyn ng tnh ang xy dng m hnh kho nghim ging u phng MD9 trn din tch 500m2 th nghim cch bn phn vi sinh thay th cho phn m h ng Thch S, p Huyn c x Long Sn. Nu t kt qu tt, Trung tm s khuyn co nng dn nhn rng m hnh trng u phng bng phn vi sinh thay th phn m tng nng sut. ng Thch S cho bit: v h - thu nm nay, ng trng 4.000m2 u phng ging MD9, L23 ly ging cho v ng - xun. Khng ch c h tr 100% ging u phng MD9 v vt t, phn bn cc loi; ng cn c cn b hng k thut trng, chm bn, phng tr su bnh gy hi v cch thu hoch, bo qun sn phm. Theo ng Thch S, sau gn 2 thng chm sc u bng phng php mi, cch lm mi cy sinh trng mnh v khe hn. Ph Trng phng NN - PTNT huyn Cu Ngang Trn Vn Dng khng nh: Ton huyn c gn 4.000 ha trng u phng hng nm, ring v h - thu v thu - ng chim gn 40% din tch sn xut u phng ton huyn. Bnh qun gi u phng ging hin nay khong 28.000 ng/kg. Mi nm cn 10 t ng mua ging u phng sn xut cho v ng xun. Hng nm nu nng dn t tc sn xut c ging th tit kim kinh ph mua ging rt nhiu. Cy u phng trn t u ngun Ph Hu KTNT - Nhng nm gn y, ngi dn x Ph Hu (An Ph - An Giang) mnh dn m rng din tch trng u phng (lc) tn dng cht t ph sa ct, t bi bi, em li thu nhp cao gp nhiu ln trng la. Trc y, nng dn x Ph Hu ch c canh cy la, nhng vo nm 2000, nc l t thng ngun trn v lm st l on knh di gn 1km khin mt lng ct khng l trn vo ng rung. Sau khi l rt, ngi dn khng th trng la, Nh nc h tr 4 triu ng /cng (1.000m2) b con chuyn u phng "bn i c cu cy trng. Hng chc h dn chuyn sang trng bp (ng) lai nhng hiu qu mang li khng cao. duyn" ng t Ph Nm 2005, anh Nguyn Vn Long p Ph Li thy mt s ni Hu. trng u phng trn ct trng ma nn mnh dn mua ging v gieo trn 14 cng t ct, khng ng cy li thch nghi v sinh trng tt. Sau 3 thng, trung bnh mi cng u phng anh thu c 50 gi, tr chi ph, li trn 4 triu ng /cng. Thy anh Long trng u phng trng ma, c gi, hng chc h dn trong x cng mnh dn lm theo. ng Kiu Vn Lin, Ch tch Hi nng dn x cho bit: T vng t chuyn canh cy la, i sng ngi dn gp nhiu kh khn, nh chuyn sang trng u phng m cuc sng dn n nh. X phi hp vi ngnh chc nng t chc nhiu bui hi tho, hng dn k thut trng u phng, du nhp nhng ging u phng cao sn v ph bin cho b con gieo trng nng cao nng sut. Mi y, Trung tm Khuyn nng tnh An Giang phi hp vi Trm Khuyn nng huyn An Ph t chc hi ngh u b trnh din my ta u phng v my tut u phng ti x Hu Ph. My ta u phng c cng sut 2.000m2/gi, cn my tut c c cng sut 500m2/gi, gp phn gim chi ph sn xut v h gi thnh sn phm. y l tin vui vi nng dn x Ph Hu khi din tch trng u phng trn a bn ngy cng m rng. Anh Nguyn Vn Hi, mt nng dn ngho x Ph Hu tm s: Mi nm ti trng 8 cng u phng, thu li trn 40 triu ng. Trng u phng trng hn la, gi bn n nh v

cao hn. iu m ngi trng u phng x Ph Hu lo nht hin nay l th trng tiu th cn hn hp, b con ch yu bn cho thng li nn thng xuyn b p gi. V th, ngnh chc nng cn h tr nng dn trong vic tm u ra n nh v quy hoch vng trng u phng bn vng.