THE

ULTIMATE

LIE

DETECTOR

DEOXY RIBONUCLEIC ACID

think of this!!!

• 99.9% of human DNA is the same in everyone

• Only 0.1% of our DNA is

unique

• BUT each human cell contains 3 Billion DNA

base pairs

0.1% of 3B translates to

3 million base pairs!

a glimpse from the past

1868

Gregor Mendel

Laws of Heredity

Friedrich Meischer

DNA on fish sperm

Pus on wounds

CHROMOSOMAL THEORY

of INHERITANCE

1920 P. A. Levene

ADOLF HITLER

Cloning

Oswald Avery

Colin Mcleod

Max Delbruck

Erwin Chargaff

“THE KEY TO THE

PUZZLE”

• James Watson

• Francis Crick

• ROSALIND FRANKLIN

X-ray Diffraction Photomicrographs of

Crystalline DNA

1984

ALEC JEFFREYS

brought DNA to the

courtroom

Richard Buckland

Colin Pitchfork

DNA FINGERPRINTING

“FINGERPRINTING”

DNA PROFILING

DNA TYPING

The

Genetic

Blueprint

the DNA Helix

Repeat Sequence

A-T-G-C-T-A-G-C-G-C-G-C-G-C-A-C-T-A-G-C-C-A-T-A-C-G-T-A-T-A-T-A-T-T-G-C-C-T-C-G-C-G-C-G-C-G-C-A-G-A-T-G-

C-T-A …….

Sources of

DNA samples

BLOOD:

GENDER

BUCCAL SMEAR:

SEMINAL STAINS:

SALIVA:

TISSUES:

URINE:

unreliable

PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTION

• Paternity

• Incestuous relationship

• Rape resulting in

pregnancy

the

DNA

Outside

the

Courtroom

Gene Testing

Congenital

Hypothyroidism

Hypoadrenalism

ALZHEIMER’S

Galactosemia

Phenylketunuria

Colon cancer

Congenital Coronary

Insufficiency

New Issues:

Discrimination

Right NOT to know

Changes in Society

• GENETIC

STRATIFICATION

• GENETIC

ENGINEERING

• CLONING

PATERNITY and FILIATION

BLOOD

TYPING

PROVE and

DISPROVE

PATERNITY

DISPROVE

PATERNITY

DNA

Blood grouping test

• Co Tao vs. CA • “possible father”

• Paternity was imputed to the

putative father after paternity

was proven during trial of

facts

• Jao vs. CA negative

CONCLUSIVE AS TO NON-PATERNITY

Cabatania vs. CA In this age of genetic

profiling and deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis, the extremely subjective test of physical resemblance or similarity of features will not suffice as evidence to prove paternity and filiation before the courts of law.

PATERNITY AND FILIATION

Probability of a MISMATCH:

American Blacks: one in 1.4 B

Caucasians: one in 840 M

Afro-Americans: one in 76 T

filipinos: one in 85 m

INHERITED DISORDERS

The DNA technology:

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Short Tandem Repeat (STR)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

END

of

PART

ONE