: , - , , , , ,

: , , , ,

( )

:

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

H

H

H

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

:

OO

O O

OO

CH2

CH CH2

( )

O

O

HO

O

O

O

(- )

( )

- (-)

O

CH3H3C

(CH2)n(H2C)4 COOHH3C

O

O H

O

O

OH

O

R CO

O HRC

O

OH

:

( : )

( , crumbling)

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

:

DCL-Double Chain Length

- () - ()

TCL-Triple Chain Length

- ()

- ()

( , ) : .

: : (36C) (22oC).: , 17,3C 36,4C. , (-3, .. 33,8C) ).: / , .

, ,

. ( /) ,

/

:

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

H

H

H

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

HO CO H2

CH2C

H2C

+ 3 2

+ +

/

-O CO H2

CH2C

H2C

-O CO H2

CH2C

H2C

-O CO H2

CH2C

H2C

Na+

Na+

Na+

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C

CO H2

CH2C

H2C + 3

, ( )

+ +

H2C

H2C

HC

O

O

O

H

H

H

, ()

()

/ Marangoni

()

+.

+ . +

/

H2C

H2C

CH

O

O

O

CO

R1

PO

C

O

R2

OH2C

H2C N

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

H2C

H2C

CH

O

O

O

CO

R1

PO

C

O

R2

OH2C

HC NH3

O COO

Z

H2C

H2C

CH

O

O

O

CO

R1

PO

C

O

R2

OH2C

H2C NH3

O

- ()

--

()

H2C

H2C

CH

O

O

O

CO

R1

PO

C

O

R2

O

OHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

Z

--

, ()

()

()

-