LNG Plant Design

8/13/2019 LNG Plant Design

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CONTENTS

1. GENERAL

2. TECHNOLOGY

3. TECHNICAL EFFORTS FOCUS ON CUTTING LNG PLANT COST

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Train Siz

3.3 Li!u"action Proc##3.$ Acid Ga# R%o&a'

3.$.1 Su'"ino'

3.$.2 (n"i'd Hi)Pur

3.$.3 Ucar#o'

3.$.$ *+,dration and S-tnin

3.$./ 0rcur, R%o&a'

3./ Ha&, End R%o&a'

3. Li!u"action

3. N2 Rction

3..1 R"riration Co%4r##or And *ri&r

3..2 Co%4r##or T,4

3..3 Ga# Tur5in *ri&r

3..$ Sin' S+a"t And *ua' S+a"t

3../ Strin6 Fu'' Load T#t#

3.. *,na%ic Si%u'ation

3.. Futur Co%4r##or#6 *ri&r#

3.7 E84andr A44'ication

3.9 Coo'in 0dia S'ction

3.9.1 LNG Stora6 Loadin S,#t%

3.9.2 Loadin S,#t%

3.1: A&ai'a5i'it,

3.1:.1 Sc+du'd S+ut)*o-n



3.1:.2 Un#c+du'd S+ut)*o-n

3.1:.3 Tan;r Siz6 C+ain O4ti%ization

$. REFERENCES

/. TA(LE

Ta5' 1 Train Siz# O" Rcnt LNG Proct

TA5' 2 Li!u"action Proc###

Ta5' 3 Co%%on Acid Ga# R%o&a' S4ci"ication#

Ta5' $ Acid Ga# R%o&a' Proc###

Ta5' / Hat E8c+anr# U#d In Li!u"action

Ta5' Ga# Tur5in Sc+%#

Ta5' Pro5a5' Ga# Tur5in <GT= *ri&r Co%5ination For Lar P'ant#.

Ta5' 7 Coo'in 0dia For LNG Proct#

Ta5' 9 Co%%on LNG Tan; T,4#

Ta5' 1: P'ant A&ai'a5i'iti#

Ta5' 11 T,4ica' LNG Tan;r *i%n#ion#

. APPEN*I> ? LNG PLANT SA0PLE

) LNG <E84andr=

) LNG <Ta'arc=

) LNG <0CR=

1. GENERAL

On o" t+ %ain a44'ication# "or a# 'i!u"action i# t+ incra#d

con&ninc in tran#4ortation and #tora a""ordd 5, t+ rduction in



&o'u% "ro% t+ a#ou# 4+a# to t+ 'i!uid 4+a#. T+i# i# r"'ctd 5, t+

currnt '&' o" uti'ization o" LNG 4ri%ari', in t+ traditiona' a# uti'it,

o4ration# o" 4a; #+a&in and 5a#)'oad #u44',. E8tn#i& t#tin in t+

uti'ization o" LNG a# a 4r%iu% rad 4ri%)%o&r "u' i# a'#o no- 5in

don.

Unitd Stat# a# uti'iti# +a& 5n u#in LNG in 4a; #+a&in o4ration#

in #&ra' -a,#? 4a; #+a&in 4'ant#6 #at'it "aci'iti# and i%4ort#. Pa;

#+a&in 4'ant# rci&6 'i!u", and #tor6 nar ara# o" con#u%4tion6

8c## 4i4'in a# a5o& d%and in t+ #u%%r "or &a4orization and

d'i&r, durin 4a; 4riod# in t+ -intr -+n t+ tran#%i##ion #u44', 'in

cannot %t d%and. T+# 4'ant# ar nra'', !ui44d -it+ a#

4rtrat%nt6 'i!u"action6 #tora6 &a4orization and odorization #,#t%#.

T+, ar c+aractrizd 5, a #'o- rat o" 'i!u"action o&r a r'ati&', 'on

4riod o" ti% and a "a#t rat o" &a4orization to %4t, #tora in a "- da,#.

So% co%4ani# +a& 4ro&idd 4a; #+a&in #r&ic to on', a 4ortion or

4ortion# o" t+ir tota' di#tri5ution #,#t% 5, t+ u# o" a #at'it LNG

#tora tan; and &a4orization and odorization "aci'iti# -it+ t+ LNG

#u44'id 5, truc; "ro% a nar5, 4'ant. T+r ar currnt', a5out 2 o" t+#

#at''it in#ta''ation# o4ratin or undr d&'o4%nt. S&ra' co%4ani# in

t+ 4a#t +a& #u44'%ntd LNG 4a; #+a&in #u44'i# -it+ #+ort)tr%

i%4ort#6 uti'izin truc; and #+i4 tran#4ort. Currnt',6 t+r i# on 4'an "or t+

i%4ortation o" 4a; #+a&in #u44'i# o" LNG on a continuitin 5a#i#.

(a#)'oad LNG #u44', in&o'&# a continuou# o4ration o" 'i!u"action and

#tora at 4oint o" 4roduction6 tran#4ortation o&r 'and or -atr6 #tora at

t+ 4oint o" rci4t6 and &a4orization and odorization "or traditiona' uti'it,

u#. T+ LNG "unction in t+ o4ration na5'# a# to 5 tran#"rrd "ro%

ara# o" #ur4'u# to ara# o" d"icinc, -+ic+ cannot 5 #r&d 5,

con&ntiona' 4i4'in.

0o#t o" t+ acti&it, in 5a#)'oad #u44', +a# 5n t+ 'ar &o'u% 84ort)

i%4ort o4ration# in&o'&in o&r#a# tran#4ortation. T+# o4ration# ar

c+aractrizd 5, continuou# +i+ rat# o" 'i!u"action at t+ 4oint o"

4roduction and continuou# +i+ rat# o" &a4orization at t+ 4oint o" rci4t6



-it+ t+ #tora #,#t%# actin ##ntia'', a# #ur tan;# #%oot+in out

t+ di#continuit, in d'i&ri# cau#d 5, tan;r arri&a'# and d4artur#.

@+i' 5a#)'oad #u44', +a# co% to connot t+ a5o& t,4 +i+ rat

%arin 84ort)i%4ort o4ration6 t+r i# anot+r i%4ortant t,4 o" 5a#)'oad

#u44',? t+ r'ati&', #%a''r &o'u% o&r)t+)road6 r%ot #u44',

o4ration. *4ndin u4on t+ #iz o" t+ %ar;t6 t+i# cou'd 56 and

nra'', +a# 5n6 a #u5acti&it, o" a 4a; #+a&in LNG 4'ant and 4ro&id#

continuou# #r&ic to t+o# ara# -+ic+ ar not 4ractica'', #r&ica5' 5,

4i4'in.

Natura' a# i# &r, d#ira5' a# a &+ic' "u' du to it# c'an 5urnin6 'o-

4o''utin c+aractri#tic#. *ua')"u' #,#t%# u#in co%4r##d natura' a#

and a#o'in ar no- 5in %ar;td "or %otor &+ic'#. LNG "u'd %otor

&+ic'# no, t+ addd ad&anta o" incra#d "u' carr,in ca4acit,6 5ut

r!uir %or 'a5orat and 84n#i& #tora tan;# t+an co%4o##d a#.

T+ 4otntia' "or d&'o4%nt o" LNG a# a 4r%iu% &+ic' "u' a44ar# to

5 a# "u' "or aircra"t and +i+)'oad u# "'t &+ic'#6 rat+r t+an

con&ntiona' 4a##nr car#.

2. TECHNOLOGY

Un'i; #o% +a&ir +,drocar5on# u#d "or nr, 4ur4o##6 %t+an6 t+

4rinci4a' inrdint o" 4i4'in !ua'it, natura' a#6 cannot 5 'i!u"i'd 5,

incra#in 4r##ur a'on. 0t+an can on', 5 'i!u"i'd 5'o- )11°F

rard'## o" t+ 4r##ur a44'id and at at%o#4+ric 4r##ur %u#t 5

coo'd to )2/9°F to 5co% a 'i!uid. 0o#t currnt LNG +and'in acti&iti#

+a& 5n conductd at or nar at%o#4+ric condition#. U4on

ra#i"ication on cu5ic "oot o" 'i!uid %t+an i# !ui&a'nt to 2/ #tandard

cu5ic "t o" a#ou# %t+an <1$.: 4#ia and :°F=. ('o- ar #'ctd

'i!uida# con&r#ion "actor# "or %t+an. @+i' LNG and %o#t natura' a#

u#d "or nr, 4ur4o## ar co%4o#d 4ri%ari', o" %t+an6 t+,

nor%a'', contain &ar,in a%ount# o" #o% o" t+ +a&ir +,drocar5on#.

Unit Con&r#ion Factor# "or Pur 0t+an



On <1= 'i!uid i# !ua' to Cu5ic Ft o" Ga#B

4ound 23.1

#+ort ton <26::: 4ound#= $622:.:

cu5ic %tr 226:7.:

cu5ic "oot 2/.$

U.S. a''on 73.

API 5arr' <$2 U.S. a''on#= 36/12

BA'' &o'u%# at 1$.: 4#ia and :°F -it+ a ro## +atin &a'u o"

a44ro8i%at', 16:12.3 (tuc".

T%4ratur# 5'o- )2$:°F6 +a& 5n nra'', c'a##i"id a# cr,onic

t%4ratur#. S4cia' con#idration %u#t 5 i&n to t+ d#in and

o4ration o" 4roc## #,#t%# to 5 u#d at t+# t%4ratur#6 a#

4ro4rti# o" #tructura' %atria'# -i'' &ar, con#idra5', "ro% t+o#

4ro4rti# 8+i5itd at roo% t%4ratur. Pr+a4# t+ %o#t i%4ortant

c+an in %atria'# at 'o- t%4ratur i# t+ tndnc, to 'o# ducti'it, and

5co% 5ritt'. Ot+r 4ro4rti# #uc+ a# "atiu and +ardn## nra'',

i%4ro& "or #tructura' %atria'# a# t+ t%4ratur dcra##. 0ta'# #uc+

a# #tain'## #t'6 a'u%iniu% and nic;' a''o, <9= #t'# ar no- 5in

u#d in cr,onic 4roc## #,#t%#. Ad!uat in#u'ation "or t+ 4roc##

#,#t% %u#t a'#o 5 4ro&idd to 4r&nt +at 'a;a.

Rard'## o" t+ u# o" t+ "ina' 4roduct6 t+ tc+no'o, "or 4roduction o"

LNG "ro% a #tra% o" natura' a# can 5 d&idd into "i& nra' 4+a##?

4uri"ication6 'i!u"action6 #tora6 &a4orization and tran#4ortation.

("or a #tra% o" natura' a# can 5 'i!u"id6 it i# nc##ar, to r%o&6or rduc to in#ini"icant a%ount#6 an, con#titunt# -+ic+ %a, 5co%

#o'id at t+ 'o- t%4ratur# ncountrd -it+in t+ 'i!u"action #,#t%.

So% o" t+ %or critica' con#titunt# o" a natura' a# #tra% -+ic+ %u#t

5 r%o&d or rducd ar -atr6 car5on dio8id6 +,dron #u'"id6

'u5ricatin oi'#6 du#t and odorant#. R%o&a' o" #o% +a&ir +,drocar5on#

%a, 5 d#ira5' to contro' t+ (tu contnt.



Li!u"action o" natura' a# i# currnt', 5in don in t-o %ain -a,#? <1= 5,

tran#"r o" t+ +at t+rou+ #4arat r"rirant# to air or -atr6 and <2= 5,

4r%ittin t+ a# to do -or; t+rou+ t+ u# o" an 84andr. 0t+od <1=6

;no-n a# a ca#cad c,c'6 uti'iz# r"rirant# o" #ucc##i&', 'o-r 5oi'in

4oint#6 and %t+od <2=6 ;no-n a# 84andd c,c'6 uti'iz# t+ coo'in ""ct

o5taind 5, 84andin a #tra% o" co%4r##d a# t+rou+ a tur5in or

nin to 8tract -or;. A %odi"ication o" t+ ca#cad c,c' u#in on %u'ti)

co%4onnt r"rirant i# a'#o currnt', 5in u#d.

In#u'atd #tora i# r!uird "or t+ LNG onc it +a# 5n 4roducd.

Gnra' con"iuration "or %o#t #tora containr# +a# 5n %ta' dou5')

-a'' t+ #4ac 5t-n t+ t-o "i''d -it+ &ariou# t,4# o" in#u'ation6 a

4artia' &acuu%6 or a co%5ination o" 5ot+. On', t+ #%a''#t #tora

containr# uti'iz a co%4't &acuu% 5t-n t+ -a''#. At%o#4+ric or a

#'i+t 4o#iti& 4r##ur i# nra'', %aintaind -it+in t+ innr containr

-+ic+ +a# -a''# con#tructd o" a44ro4riat cr,onic #r&ic %ta'. Stora

containr #iz# ar dtr%ind 5, t+ intndd u# o" t+ LNG and ran

"ro% a "- a''on# "or a 'a5orator, *-ar "'a#;6 t+rou+ &+ic' "u' tan;#6

#tand5, tan;# and #at''it tan;# to t+ 'ar#t 4a; #+a&in and 5a#)'oad

#r&ic tan;# o" 9::6::: 5arr'#.

Currnt conc4t# "or 4a; #+a&in and 5a#)'oad #tora inc'ud t+

dou5')-a'' %ta' tan;# a# -'' a# 4r#tr##d concrt tan;#6 "rozn +o'#

and %ind ca&rn#.

T+ %o#t "r!unt', u#d 4a; #+a&in and 5a#)'oad #tora "aci'it, +a#

5n t+ a5o&)round6 dou5')-a'' %ta' tan;. It i# nra'', "'at)

5otto%d6 c,'indrica' and do%)roo"d -it+ an innr tan; o" nic;' #t'' or

a'u%iniu% and an outr #+'' o" car5on #t'. T+ #4ac 5t-n t+ innr

tan; and outr #+'' i# "i''d -it+ 4r'it6 a ranu'ar 84andd in#u'ation6 in a

dr, at%o#4+r o" nitron or 5oi')o"" a#. Rcnt',6 a 4orou# in#u'atin

dc; #u#4ndd "ro% t+ innr do% o" t+ tan; +a# 5n u#d -+ic+

rduc# t+ 4ro5'% o" in#u'atin t+ to4 or do% o" t+ tan;. T+ u#ua'

di#tanc 5t-n innr and outr tan;# i# t+r to "i& "t.

Pr#tr##d concrt tan;# +a& 5n u#d 8tn#i&', "or cr,onic and



ot+r "'uid #tora and a4'', to LNG a# -''. T+, %a, 5 dou5') or #in')

-a''d6 d4ndin u4on t+ in#u'atin #c+%6 and %a, 5 5ui't a5o& t+

round6 at rad6 5'o- round6 or 4artia'', 5'o- round. T#tin +a#

#+o-n t+at t+ co%4r##i& #trnt+ o" %oi#t concrt at )1/:° to )2/:°F i#

a'%o#t tri4' t+at o" concrt at roo% t%4ratur.

Frozn +o' #tora containr# ar #i%4', 4it# in t+ art+ -+ic+ +a& 5n

con#tructd 5, "ir#t "rzin a rin o" #oi' u#in r"rirant circu'atd

t+rou+ a #ri# o" 5urid concntric 4i4# and t+n 8ca&atin. T+ #id#

ar nra'', '"t 5ar -it+ t+ 5otto% o" t+ 4it 5in in#u'atd and t+ roo"

5in t+ do% t,4. A't+ou+ t+i# t,4 o" #tora +a# not 5n

co%%rcia'', #ucc#"u' in t+ Unitd Stat#6 a# &idncd 5, t+ "rozn in)

round 4a; #+a&in #tora 4roct# o" Tran#continnta' Ga# Pi4 LinCor4oration and Tnn## Ga# Pi4'in Co%4an,6 it +a# 5n u#d

#ucc##"u'', '#-+r in t+ -or'd.

Rcnt in&#tiation into t+ u# o" %ind ca&rn# "or LNG #tora +a#

#+o-n t+at a 'ar inc'ind ntr, to a roo% and 4i''ar ca&rn6 -it+

4o',urt+an "oa% in#u'ation -ou'd 5 t+ 5#t a44roac+. Sinc LNG can

5 #tord at at%o#4+ric 4r##ur6 t+r i# no nd to %in a d4 ca&rn

-it+ #u5#tantia' o&r5urdn.

T+r i# #o% LNG &a4oration <5oi')o""= in an, t,4 o" #tora. T+ 5oi')o""

"or #o% t,4ica' LNG #tora tan;# -i'' ran "ro% a5out :.:$ to :.2 4r

da, o" t+ tota' #tora &o'u%. Ra#i"ication i# r!uird -+r LNG i# an

intr%diat #t4 in a a#)4+a# di#tri5ution #,#t%. T+i# i# acco%4'i#+d

5, addin +at to LNG 5in circu'atd t+rou+ tu5#. T+ +at i# o5taind

"ro% t+ #urroundin air or -atr6 or i# 4roducd 5, t+ co%5u#tion o" "u'.

LNG i# radi', tran#4orta5' o&r -atr or 'and a# a cr,onic 'i!uid and

+a# 5n carrid 5, truc;# and ocan tan;r# -+i' d#in +a& 5n

%ad "or rai' car# and 5ar#. T+# &+ic'# ar ##ntia'', 4orta5'

#tora tan;# and "or t+ %o#t 4art uti'iz t+ dou5')-a''.

3. TECHNICAL EFFORTS FOCUS ON CUTTING LNG PLANT COSTS



3.1 Introduction

LNG d%and i# ro-in du to t+ nuc'ar #t5ac; and n&iron%nta'

i##u# #4urrd 5, concrn a5out t+ rn+ou# ""ct and acid rain6

#4cia'', in t+ Far Ea#t. Ho-&r6 LNG i# 84n#i& co%4ard -it+ ot+r

nr, #ourc#. E""ort# continu to %ini%iz ca4ita' and o4ratin co#t#

and to incra# LNG 4'ant a&ai'a5i'it, and #a"t,.

Tc+nica' trnd# in t+ LNG indu#tr, ai% at rducin 4'ant co#t# in 4ur#uit

o" a co%4titi& LNG 4ric on an nr, &a'u 5a#i# aain#t t+ oi' 4ric.

T+i# artic' r&i-# ;, ara# o" tc+nica' d&'o4%nt.

3.2 Train Siz

A 'arr train i# t+ co%%on -a, to rduc LNG co#t#. Train #iz #tartd

"ro% ::6::: %tric ton#,ar "or A'riaD# Ca%' 4roct in 19$ and +a#

ro-n to nar', 3 %i''ion ton#,ar "or rcnt 4roct# <Ta5' 1=.

T+ train #iz o" 21#t cntur, 4roct# %a, rac+ $ %i''ion ton#,ar <::

00#c"d=6 d4ndin u4on t+ %ar;t. I" t+ C3)0R 'i!u"action 4roc## o"

Air Product# C+%ica'# Inc. <APCI= r%ain# do%inant6 train #iz -i'' 5

dtr%ind %ain', 5, t+ a&ai'a5' co%4r##or and dri&r and t+ %ain

+at 8c+anr #iz.

3.3 Li!u"action Proc##

Li!u"action 4roc### in u# in 8i#tin LNG 4roct# ar #+o-n in Ta5'

2.

S+'' Intrnationa' Ptro'u% 0aat#c+a44i ( <SIP0= +a# carrid out an

8tn#i& #tud, o" t+ dou5' %i8d r"rirant <*0R= 4roc## o" Ta'arc &#.

C3)0R "or (onn, LNG. T+ *0R 4roc## a44'i# a C2C3 %i8tur "or

4rcoo'in6 u#in a 4'at "in +at 8c+anr. T+ 4rcoo'in c,c' can 5

#o% 2: +i+r t+an t+ ""icinc, o" a 4ro4an c,c' "or t+ 4articu'ar

a44'ication. T+ #tud, #+o-d t+at t+ *0R 4roc## +ad 'o-r ca4ita' and

o4ratin co#t# du to t+ +i+r t+r%a' ""icinc,.1

Ho-&r6 t+ C3)0R



4roc## -a# #'ctd "or t+ 4roct.2

3.$ Acid Ga# R%o&a'

Product #4ci"ication# o" t+ acid a# r%o&a' 4roc## ar co%%ont', #t

a# #+o-n in Ta5' 3. 0aor acid a# r%o&a' 4roc### ar #+o-n in

Ta5' $.

3.$.1 Su'"ino'

Su'"ino' i# a 4+,#ico)c+%ica' a5#or4tion 4roc##. T+ #u'"ino' #o'ution

con#i#t# o" dii#o4ro4ano'a%in <*IPA=6 #u'"oran6 and -atr. Sinc

#u'"oran 4r"or%# t+ 4+,#ica' a5#ortion6 t+i# 4roc## +a# a# ad&anta

o&r ot+r 4roc### -+n t+ acid a# 4artia' 4r##ur i# +i+ i..6 t+

"d a# +a# a +i+ acid a# contnt. In addition6 t+ 4roc## i# 4r"ra5'

-+n t+ "d a# +a# a +i+ %rca4tan contnt6 -+ic+ i# co%%on in

0idd' Ea#t natura' a#6 #inc #u'"oran +a# a #tron a""init, "or

%rca4tan#.

Su'"oran a'#o +a# an a""init, "or +a&, +,drocar5on#6 #4cia'', aro%atic#

t+r"or6 -+n t+ acid a# "ro% t+ rnrator i# "d to t+ #u'"ur

rco&r, unit6 #o% con#idration %a, 5 r!uird to rduc t+

+,drocar5on contnt. Sinc t+ a5#or5r i# t+ +a&i#t !ui4%nt in an

LNG 4'ant6 rduction o" a5#or5r #iz i# on o" t+ ;, "actor# "or LNG

4roct ninrin and con#truction.

Ro,a' *utc+S+'' Grou4D# 4ro4itar, tra, i%4ro&# 4r"or%anc o" 'ar

co'u%n#. In addition6 rcnt', #tructurd 4ac;in +a# 5n u#d

#ucc##"u'', in t+ Su'"ino' a5#or5r in Au#tra'iaD# Nort+ @#t S+'" LNG

4roct to o5tain incra#d ca4acit, and #u44r## "oa%in.$

3.$.2 (n"i'd Hi)4ur

T+ 5n"i'd Hi)4ur 4roc## con#i#t# o" t-o #,#t%#? +ot 4ota##iu%

car5onat <HPS= and dit+ano'a%in <*EA=. T+ HPC #,#t% 4r"or%#

5u'; r%o&a'6 t+ *EA #,#t% "ina' r%o&a'6 o" acid a#.



T+i# 4roc## nd# '## rnration +at6 a't+ou+ it i# 84n#i& du to

t+ dou5' #,#t%. A rcnt (n"i'd 4roc## a44'i# +at cono%ization

u#in "'a#+d #ta% #uc;d 5, t+ ctor "ro% t+ ric+ HPC #o'ution a# a

car5onat rnrator +at #ourc6 'o-rin t+ r!uir%nt "or

rnration +at.

3.$.3 Ucar#o'

Ucar#o' i# a 4ro4rit, #o'&nt 5a#d on trtiar, a%in %t+,'dit+ano'a%in

<0*EA= "ro% Union Car5id Cor4. T+i# 4roc## -a# rtro"ittd to t+

Sontan LNG train#6 -+ic+ +ad 5n d#ind "or t+ 0EA 4roc##. It

rducd t+ #o'ution circu'ation rat and rnrator r5oi'r dut,./

3.$.$ *+,dration and #-tnin

*+,dration i# co%%ont', don 5, a $A)t,4 %o'cu'ar #i&. S-tnin

a"tr acid a# r%o&a' i# r!uird -+n tota' #u'"ur i# #4ci"id a# 3: %cu

% "or LNG at t+ rci&in tr%ina'6 #inc t+ "d a# tota' #u'"ur i# to 5

'## t+an 2:)2/ %cu %6 con#idrin #u'"ur co%4ound concntration into

t+ LNG 4roduct durin t+ 'i!u"action 4roc##in and tan;r

tran#4ortation. Ha&, #u'"ur co%4ound# u#ua'', di#tri5ut to C/6 -+i' 'i+t

#u'"ur co%4ound#6 #uc+ a# COS6 C1SH6 and C2SH6 di#tri5ut to LNG. T+

"o''o-in ;ind# o" %o'cu'ar #i& +a& 5n u#d in rcnt LNG 4roct#?

5A type. T+i# t,4 r%o&# C1SH6 and C2SH6 -+ic+ arrat+r di""icu't

to r%o& 5, #u'"ino' t+r"or6 it i# a ood co%5ination -it+ #u'"ino'. It a'#o

+a# '## a5#or4tion o" +a&, +,drocar5on#6 -+ic+ r#u't in '## @o55

Ind8 &ariation -+n t+ rnration a# i# u#d a# a# tur5in "u'.

13X type. T+i# t,4 r%o&# C13SH6 C2SH6 C3SH6 and C$SH and

ad#or5# +a&, +,drocar5on# t+r"or6 it i# a ood co%5ination -it+ t+

(n"i'd 4roc##. T+ rnration a# can 5 u#d a# 5oi'r "u'.

3.$./ 0rcur, R%o&a'

0rcur, in t+ "d a# corrod# a'u%iniu% t+r"or6 t+ %rcur, contnt



o" t+ "d a# to t+ cr,onic #ction #+ou'd 5 '## t+an :.:1

%icrora%#cu %.

0rcur, contnt in t+ "d a# cau#d #riou# a'u%iniu% corro#ion o" t+

%ain +at 8c+anr o" t+ Arun LNG 4'ant. T+ %rcur, ad#or5r 5d6

-+ic+ -a# 4ro&idd u4#tra% o" t+ acid a# r%o&a' unit6 ot #aturatd

and 5ro; t+rou+ to t+ do-n#tra% unit#. T+ %rcur, 5d i# a #u'"ur)

i%4rnatd acti&atd car5on and ract# -it+ H to "or% HS.

In t+ Arun LNG 4'ant an additiona' uard 5d -a# 4ro&idd u4#tra% o"

t+ cr,onic #ction and r#u'td in a %rcur, contnt o" :.:::23

%icrora%#cu %.. Currnt',6 an, LNG 4'ant i# 4ro&idd -it+ a %rcur,

ad#or5r 5d to a&oid t+i# corro#ion. Tc+no'o, "or %rcur, rco&r, "ro%

t+ #4nt cata',#t o" t+ #u'"ur)i%4rnatd acti&atd car5on +a# 5n

d&'o4d 5, a Gr%an "ir%6 a't+ou+ a co%%rcia' 4'ant +a# not 5n

5ui't.

Ot+r t+an #u'"ur)i%4rnatd acti&atd car5on6 t+ "o''o-in cata',#t# ar

a&ai'a5'?

Alumina Beads Supporting a Metal Sulfide. In#titut Francai# du Ptro' <IFP=

+a# d&'o4d an ad#or5nt "or tra44in %ta''ic %rcur, "ro% a# or

'i!uid. T+ ad#or5in %dia ar a'u%ina 4''t# #u44ortin a %ta' #u'"id6

-+ic+ ract# -it+ %rcur, ,i'din non&o'ati' %rcur, #u'"id.

Molecular Sieve. T+i# t,46 d&'o4d 5, UOP6 +a# not ,t 5n u#d in an

LNG 4'ant6 a't+ou+ it +a# 5n a44'id #ucc##"u'', to a# 4roc##in.

Un'i; #u'"ur)i%4rnatd %atria'#6 it i# rnrati&.3

3./ Ha&, End R%o&a'

To 4r&nt "rz)u4 durin coo'in6 +a&, nd# ar #4aratd 5"or

'i!u"action to '## t+an 1 44% <%cu %= 5nzn and '## t+an :.1 %o'

C/SH.

In t+ APCI 4roc##6 +a&, nd r%o&a' i# ac+i&d 5, di#ti''ation in t+ #o)

ca''d #cru5 co'u%n.$

@+n t+ "d a# 4r##ur i# &r, +i+ and



#4aration i# di""icu't du to co'u%n o4ratin condition c'o# to t+ critica'

4oint or #u4rcritica'6 t+ o4ratin 4r##ur o" t+ co'u%n nd# to 5

rducd to t a #u""icint 'i!uid&a4or dn#it, ratio "or t+ tra, 'i!uid&a4or

#4aration6 a't+ou+ t+ r"riration 4o-r "or 'i!u"action -i'' incra# to

#o% 8tnt.

3. Li!u"action

Li!u"action o" "d a# a"tr +a&, nd r%o&a' i# don 5, coo'in in +at

8c+anr# <Ta5' /=.

T+ 4'at "in +at 8c+anr +a# 5n #ucc##"u'', u#d "or 4rcoo'in in

t+ Ada# t+ir train6 rducin 4'ot #4ac and r"rirant in&ntor,. For t+

"utur train #iz o" $ %i''ion ton#,ar6 APCI r4ort# t+at it can %anu"actur

and tran#4ort t+ %ain +at 8c+anr "ro% t+ @i';#)(arr "actor,&ia rai'

%4'o,in Sc+na5')t,4 !ui4%nt.7 T+ %ain +at 8c+anr -i'' +a&

'nt+ '## t+an /7 % an -ar%)5und' #+'' dia%tr '## t+an /.2 %.

3. N2 Rction

@+n t+ "d natura' a# +a# N2 contnt 8cdin 1 %o' 6 N2 rction

i# r!uird. It can 5 ac+i&d &ia a #in')#ta "'a#+ and N 2 #tri44r6

accordin to t+ N2 contnt and 5oi')o"" rat at t+ #tora tan;.9

3..1 R"riration Co%4r##or and *ri&r

Sinc t+ r"riration co%4r##or and t+ dri&r -i'' +a& t+ %aor i%4act

on ca4ita' co#t6 o4ratin co#t6 and a&ai'a5i'it, o" t+ 'i!u"action train6 t+i#

#5ct +a# ndd car"u' #tud, "or 4a#t LNG 4roct#.

3..2 Co%4r##or T,4

For a 4'ant ca4acit, o" %or t+an 2./ %i''ion ton#,ar6 an a8ia' co%4r##or

can 5 a44'id to t+ 'o- 4r##ur <LP= 0R co%4r##or du to t+ 'ar

&o'u% at t+ co%4r##or #uction6 a't+ou+ u# o" t+ a8ia' t,4 i# !uit

'o-. U# o" t+ cntri"ua' t,4 i# a'#o 4o##i5' -it+ t+ 'ar#t "ra%. T+



a8ia' co%4r##or -i'' indicat 5ttr 4o',tro4ic ""icinc, 5, %or t+an /

o&r t+ cntri"ua' co%4r##or t+i# t,4 -# u#d in t+ 0LNG)2 4'ant. 1:

T+ cntri"ua' t,4 +a# 5n u#d a# a 4ro4an co%4r##or and t+ +i+

4r##ur <HP= 0R co%4r##or du to t+ir con"iuration and #uction

&o'u%.

3..3 Ga# Tur5in *ri&r

Rcnt LNG 4roct# +a& u#d a# tur5in drir#6 a't+ou+ #o%

84an#ion 4roct# #ti'' a44', #ta% tur5in dri&r#. T+ t+r%a' ""icinc,

i%4ro&%nt and a# o" #tart)u4 i& a# tur5in dri&r# #o%

ad&anta# co%4ard -it+ #ta% tur5in dri&r#.

An LNG 4'ant in t+ 2.$ ) 3 %i''ion ton,ar ca4acit, c'a## -i'' r!ir

r"riration 4o-r o" 9:6:::)126::: ;-. Rcnt 4roct d#inatd or

#tudid u# t+ #c+%# #+o-n in Ta5' .

3..$ Sin' S+a"t and *ua' S+a"t

(a#ica'',6 dua' #+a"t a# tur5in#6 #uc+ a# "ra%)/ +a&, dut, unit#6 ar

u#d "or %c+anica' dri& a44'ication6 -+i' #in' #+a"t a# tur5in# ar

u#d "or nrator dri& a44'ication. A# dua' #+a"t a# tur5in# +a& HP

tur5in rotor# -+ic+ dri& a# tur5in air co%4r##or# and 4o-r tur5in

#+a"t -+ic+ dri& t+ 4roc##or#6 #u""icint #tartin tor!u can 5 4ro&idd.

GE "ra%)/ +a# 5n #ucc##"u'', u#d in t+ Arun LNG 4'ant and

Au#tra'ian Nort+ @#t S+'" LNG 4'ant.$ 11 L0)::: i# a'#o a dua' #+a"t

%ac+in6 d&'o4d "ro% GED# 'at#t 4roduction aircra"t nin6 CF)7:C2.

It +a# +i+ t+r%a' ""icinc, and a#, %aintnanc 5cau# o" it# 'o-

-i+t and -i'' 5 u#d in "utur LNG 4'ant#.12

A# t+ %a8i%u% "ra% o" +a&, dut, dua' #+a"t a# tur5in# i# "ra%)/6

a44'ication o" #in' #+a"t +a&, dut, a# tur5in# o" "ra%) or "ra%) +a#

5n con#idrd "or t+ %ain r"riration co%4r##or dri&r6 &acuu%

#uction o" t+ r"riration co%4r##or -i'' 5 ndd to %ini%iz #tart)u4

tor!u durin #tart)u46 a &aria5' #4d %otor or #ta% tur5in i# r!uird.



T+ #in' #+a"t %ac+in can 4ro&id a 2/ #4d ran t+r"or6 t+

narro- o4ratin #4d ran #+ou'd 5 ta;n into account in t+ d#in o"

4roc## contro'.1

3../ Strin6 Fu'' Load T#t#

Sinc t+ r"riration co%4r##or# and dri&r# ar t+ %aor "actor# in

4'ant a&ai'a5i'it,6 #trin t#t# ar co%%ont', don "or co%4r##or# and

ddicatd dri&r in t+ %anu"acturrD# #+o4. @+n t+ a44'id co%4r##or6

cou4'in6 and dri&r ar in "- actua' in#ta''ation#6 a "u'' 'oad t#t -i'' 5

ndd. In #uc+ a ca# t+ t#t in t+ %anu"acturrD# #+o4 -i'' ta; 2)3

%ont+#. Additiona' ti% ndd "or %odi"ication# nc##itatd 5, t#t

r#u't# cou'd 5 critica' to t+ o&ra'' 4roct #c+du'.

Nuo&o Pinon +a# #ucc##"u'', a+i&d t+r%od,na%ic and "u'' 'oad t#t#

"or t+ 4ro4an co%4r##or and 0R co%4r##or# in it# t#t #tand# "or

0LNG)2.1:

3.. *,na%ic Si%u'ation

0a;in u# o" ad&ancin co%4utr tc+no'o,6 n- LNG 4roct# -i'' carr,

out d,na%ic #i%u'ation "or t+ anti#ur circuit# o" r"riration

co%4r##or#. T+ d,na%ic #i%u'ation -i'' r#u't in t+ r!uird C &a'u o"

t+ anti#ur contro' &a'& "or t+ &ariou# o4rationa' ca## o" #tart)u46

nor%a' #+ut)do-n6 %rnc, #+ut)do-n6 tc.

3.. Futur Co%4r##or#6 *ri&r#

In a "utur LNG 4'ant -it+ train ca4acit, o" $ %i''ion ton#,ar6 t+ 4ro4an

co%4r##or -i'' +a& a #uction &o'u% '## t+an 19:6::: cu %+r6 -+ic+

+a# 5n ac+i&d 5, *r##rD# "ra%)9( "or t+ (ontan LNG train#

t+r"or6 t+r -i'' 5 no di""icu't, "or t+ i%4''r #'ction.7

T+ #uction &o'u% o" t+ LP 0R co%4r##or in #uc+ a 'ar 4'ant -i'' 5

c'o# to 3::6::: cu %+r6 -+ic+ +a# n&r 5n 4ro&d "or a #in' "'o-

cntri"ua' co%4r##or or a8ia' "'o- co%4r##or -i'' 5 con#idrd.



T+ HP 0R co%4r##or -i'' r!uir t+ &rtica' #4'it <5arr' t,4= cntri"ua'

co%4r##or du to it# 4r##ur ratin. T+ $/6::: ;- 0R co%4r##or o" t+

Ada# 162 train6 -+ic+ i# *r##rD# "ra%)7(6 -i'' 5 a ood r"rnc "or

t+i# a44'ication.7 T+ tota' 4o-r r!uir%nt "or a 4'ant t+i# #iz -i'' 5

around 1:6::: ;-6 and t+ "ra%)/ a44'ication -i'' 5 un'i;', du to too

%an, a# tur5in# 5in r!uird. T+ 4ro5a5' a# tur5in dri&r

co%5inaton -i'' 5 a# #+o-n in Ta5' .

3.7 E84andr A44'ication

R4'ac%nt o" t+ )T &a'& 5, a 'i!uid 84andr-i'' i%4ro& t+r%a'

""icinc, o" t+ 'i!u"action c,c'. T+ 'i!uid 84andr -i'' 5 a44'ica5' "or

)T &a'&# around t+ %ain +at 8c+anr "or t+ LNG #tra%6 #u5coo'd

0R 'i!uid6 and #u5coo'd 0R &a4or.

T+ r4'ac%nt -i'' incra# t+ LNG 4roduction rat 5, 3)$6 a't+ou+

t+ )T &a'& -i'' #ti'' 5 r!uird a# a 5ac;)u4 "or 4o##i5' %a'"unction o"

t+ 84andr.

3.9 Coo'in 0dia S'ction

(, natur6 t+ 'i!u"action 4roc## nrat# a 'ar a%ount o" +at

rtion to t+ coo'in %dia6 #'ction o" -+ic+ a""ct# not on', t+ 4'ant

co#t 5ut a'#o 4'ant t+r%a' ""icinc,. S'ction o" coo'in %dia #+ou'd

rci& car"u' #tud, at ar', #ta# o" an LNG 4roct6 inc'udin #it

#'ction. Coo'in %dia "or LNG 4roct# ar #+o-n in Ta5' 7.

3.9.1 LNG Stora6 Loadin S,#t%

Sinc t+ LNG tan; contain# a 'ar a%ount o" "'a%%a5' #u5tanc6 t+

t,4 o" t+ tan; i# dtr%ind 5, not on', co#t 5ut a'#o #a"t,

con#idration#. In addition to 4'ant 'ocation6 circu%#tanc# t+at %u#t 5

con#idrd inc'ud art+!ua;#6 #oi' #tt'%nt6 i%4act 'oad #uc+ a# an

air4'an co''i#ion6 5'a#t -a&6 +at radiation6 c,'on# or tornado#6 8trna'

ar##ion6 and #4ontanou# "ai'ur o" !ui4%nt or %atria'.



T+ a5o&)round LNG tan; i# co%%on', u#d. T+ %or 84n#i&

inround t,4 i# 4r"ra5' at rci&in tr%ina'# nar +a&i', 4o4u'atd

ara# #uc+ a# To;,o (a,6 5cau# o" it# r#i#tanc to #4i''#. Ta5' 9 #+o-#

co%%on t,4# o" LNG #tora tan;#.

A# tan; #iz incra##6 co#t# 4r unit &o'u% dc'in. A tan; ca4acit, o"

1$:6::: cu % i# t+ %a8i%u% "or co%%on tan; t,4#. Tota' 4'ant tan;

ca4acit, i# a "unction o" tra""ic 5t-n #+i44in and rci&in tr%ina'#.

3.9.2 Loadin S,#t%

T+ LNG tan;r u#ua'', r!uir# a #a d4t+ o" 1/ % and6 #inc co#t# o"

'oadin 'in and t+ tt,tr#t' ar +i+6 t+ #'ction o" 4'ant 'ocation i# a

;, it% "or co#t rduction. A 'oadin ti% o" 12 +r i# co%%on "or currnt

12/6::: cu % ) c'a## tan;r#.

3.1: A&ai'a5i'it,

P'ant a&ai'a5i'it, i# an i%4ortant "actor in rducin LNG co#t#. T-o "actor#)

#c+du'd and un#c+du'd #+ut)do-n# can i%4ro& a&ai'a5i'it, 5, 5in

+'d to %ini%u% '&'#.

3.1:.1 Sc+du'd S+ut)do-n

T+i# i# r!uird "or %aintnanc -or; #uc+ a# o&r%nt in#4ction#6

4riodic in#4ction and %aintnanc o" !ui4%nt6 a# tur5in in#4ction

and o&r+au'6 4'ant %odi"ication#6 tc. *uration o" t+# #+ut)do-n# can 5

rducd 5,?

J Round)t+)c'oc; %aintnanc o4ration.

J Co%4utrizd %aintnanc %ana%nt #,#t%# "or -ar+ou#

in&ntor,6 auto%atic rordrin6 %atria' 4'annin6 %aintnanc

-or; ordr#6 4r&nti& %aintnanc 4rora%#6 !ui4%nt +i#torica'

"i'#6 4'ant o4ration dai', r4ort#6 tc.



J Para''' !ui4%nt con"iuration6 -+ic+ a''o-# "or on)'in

%aintnanc.

3.1:.2 Un#c+du'd S+ut)do-n#

T+i# i# not idnti"id durin t+ d&'o4%nt o" t+ annua' %aintnanc

4'an and i# cau#d 5, &nt# #uc+ a# in#tru%nt "au't6 8c+anr'in 'a;6

!ui4%nt corro#ion6 acid a# r%o&a' "oa%in6 and +u%an rror. 0t+od#

"or rducin un#c+du'd #+ut)do-n inc'ud "au't tr ana',#i# "or 4'ant

co%4onnt# #uc+ a# contro' &a'&# and !ui4%nt6 con"iuration# t+at

inc'ud 4ara''' arran%nt and rdundanc,6 and o4rator trainin -it+

#i%u'ator#.

Currnt LNG 4'ant# +a& ac+i&d a&ai'a5i'iti# 8cdin 9/ <Ta5'

1:=.

3.1:.3 Tan;r Siz6 C+ain O4ti%ization

To #u44', t+ LNG at 'o- co#t to t+ con#u%r6 t+ tota' o4ti%ization o" t+

LNG c+ain %u#t 5 con#idrd6 inc'udin LNG tan;r# and rci&in

tr%ina'#. T+ di#tanc "ro% Ra# La""an6 Katar6 to a4an i# a5out 6$::

nautica' %i'#6 and t+ "ri+t co#t o" LNG -i'' 5 co%4ara5' to t+

'i!u"action co#t. T+r"or6 rducin t+ "ri+t co#t -i'' 5 ##ntia'.

Incra#d tan;r ca4acit, -i'' +'4 cut "ri+t co#t#. Around 7: tan;r# ar

in t+ -or'd6 ranin "ro% 1769:: cu % to 136/:: cu %. O&r 2: tan;r#6

ranin "ro% 12/6::: cu % to 136/:: cu %6 ar undr ordr or

con#truction. A rcnt 4roct con#idrd a d#in "or a tan;r -it+ a

ca4acit, o" 1/6::: cu %6 -+ic+ -i'' 5 ra'izd in t+ nar "utur.

T,4ica' 4+,#ica' di%n#ion o" LNG tan;r# ar #+o-n in Ta5' 116 inc'udin

t+o# "or a tan;r a# 'ar a# 2::6::: cu %6 -+ic+ #+i4 5ui'dr# +a&

#tudid.1/



$. REFERENCES

1. Na'&oort6 R..6 Poo'6 I.6 Oo%#6 A..6 MLi!u"action C,c'

*&'o4%nt6LNG 9 Intrnationa' Con"rnc6 1979.

2. @or'd Ga# Int''inc6 0ar.116 199$.

3. o##i%6 A..6 0ar;o&#6 .6 (roo;#6 T.6 Ho%#6 E.S.6 MN-

*&'o4%nt in Ga# Puri"ication "or LNG P'ant#6M LNG 1:

Intrnationa' Con"rnc6 1992.

$. (oani6 F.6 MInitia' E84rinc -it+ t+ N@S LNG P'ant#6M LNG 1:


/. *-,r6 *.L.6 H'oz;6 R..6 MCO2 R%o&a' -it+ Ucar#o' So'&nt#6M

GPA Ga# Tratin S%inar6 1993.

. So%antri6 H.6 Sor,anto6 .6 MStrati# "or Hand'in 0rcur, and

R'atd Pro5'% in T+ Arun P'ant6M LNG 9 Intrnationa'

Con"rnc6 1979.

. IFP cata'ou "or cata',#t.

7. Liu6 Y.N.6 Ed-ard#6 T..6 G+rinr6 ..6 Luca#6 C.E.6 M*#in

Con#idration# o" Larr LNG P'ant#6M LNG 1: Intrnationa'

Con"rnc6 1992.

9. C+iu6 C.6 ME&a'uat S4aration "or LNG P'ant#6M H,drocar5on

Proc##in6 S4t%5r 197.

1:. (orc+i6 0.6 0artti6 A.6 MT#tin o" Tur5oco%4r##or Train# "or LNG

P'ant#6M Tur5oco%4r##or# "or 'ar LNG P'ant# #%inar6

uo&o Pinon6 1993.

11. Sor,anto and Tri,anto6 .6 MA&ai'a5i'it, and ca4acit, i%4ro&%nt

o" t+ Arun LNG P'ant6M LNG 1: Intrnationa' Con"rnc6 1992.

12. Oano-#;i6 G.6 ML0::: Arodri&ati& Indu#tria' GA# Tur5in6M

3t+ GE Tur5in Stat o" t+ Art# Tc+no'o, S%inar6 1992.

13. MSc+du'6M OG6 S4t.16 193.

1$. Suto4o6 H.0.6 MA&ai'a5i'it, and E""icinc, I%4ro&%nt o" t+ (ada;

LNG P'ant6M LNG 9 Intrnationa' Con"rnc6 1979.

1/. I&r#n6 H.H.6 (oraa#6 (.6 M@+at LNG Carrir *o# t+ 0ar;t

NdM LNG 1: Intrnationa'6 1992.

) * arr6 .A.6 'ui&r#6 G.H.6 Punt6 A.R.6 MAd&anc# in LNG

Tc+no'o,6M LNG 1: Intrnationa' Con"rnc6 1992.



) EE0UA6 T+ Eninrin E!ui4%nt 0atria'# U#r#

A##ociation U.. Pu5'ication No.1$6 Rco%%ndation o"

T+ *#in and Con#truction o" R"riratd Ga# Stora

Tan;#.

) E;#tro%6 T.E.6 Garri#on6 P.E.6 MLar Ga# Tur5in# "or LNG

R"riration Proc## A44'ication6M LNG 1: Intrnationa'

Con"rnc61992.

) Harr,%an6 .0.6 S%it+6 (.6 MSu'"ur Co%4ound *i#tri5ution in

NGL#6M GPA 3rd Annua' Con&ntion6 199$.

) an6 P.6 (iai6 .P.6 MA N- St4 in LNG Sa Tran#4ortation?

T+ 2::6::: 03 Gt T,4 LNG Carrir6M LNG 1:




TA(LE

Ta5' 1



Train Siz# o" Rcnt LNG Proct

Proct A44ro8i%at', Trainca4acit, <%i''ion %tricton#,ar=

Yar o" Start)u4

R%ar;#

(ontan F Train

Ada# 3rd train0NLG)2Katara#(onn, LNGRa# La""an

2./

2./2.2.$3.:3.:

1993

199$ 199/ 199

LPG co4roduction

LPG co4roduction

Ta5' 2

Li!u"action Proc###

Proc## Proct# R%ar;#

Ca#cad

T-o)4r##ur 0R6Ta'

Sin' 0R6 Prico Proc##

Sin' 0R6 APCI

C3 0R6 APCI

Ca%'6 nai

S;i;da 16263

S;i;da $6/6

0ar#a E' (ra <Li5,a=

(runi6 Ada#6 Arun6(ada;6 Sonatrac+ LNG126 0LNG6 N.@. S+'"6Katara#

Co%4'icatd !ui4%ntand 4i4in

Lo- t+r%a' ""icinc,

Ta5' 3

Co%%on Acid Ga# R%o&a' S4ci"ication#



It% S4ci"ication R%ar;#

CO2

H2S Tota' Su'"ur

/: 44%3./ 44%3: %cu %

So'u5i'it, 'i%itLNG #4ci"ication#LNG #4ci"ication#

Ta5' $

Acid Ga# R%o&a' Proc###

Proc## Proct# Licn#or

Su'"ino' (n"i'd Ucar#o'

N.@. S+'"60LNG)1260idd' Ea#t 4roct# Ada# LNG train#6 Arun(ontan LNG train#

SIP03

UOP3

UOP3

Ta5' /

Hat E8c+anr# U#d in Li!u"action

Proc## Hat E8c+anr# R%ar;#

Ca#cad

T-o Pr##ur 0R6 Ta'

Sin' 0R6 Prico4roc##

Sin' 0R6 APCI

C3)0R6 APCI

P'at "in

Coi')-ound? #tain'## #t'#+''6 A'u%iniu% tu5.

P'at "in

Coi')-ound? a'u%iniu%#+''6 a'u%inu% tu5.

Prcoo'in? ;tt' t,4Li!u"action? Coi')-ound6a'u%iniu% #+''6 a'u%iniu%tu5

T-o 8c+anr# r!uird4r train

On 8c+anr 4r traincon#i#tin o" 2)3 5und'#

Ta5'

Ga# Tur5in Sc+%#

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Ga# Tur5in Con"i)uration 5, GE "ra%

<;- at 29°C.

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R%ar;#

Fra%)/8$%otor

Fra%)/8/

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9:6:::

11:6:::

9:6:::

9:6:::

776:::

96:::

1316:::

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N- aircra"t dri&ati& t,4*#ind "or (onn, LNG

U#d in 0LNG)2

U#d "or a 0idd' Ea#t LNG Proct

Ta5'

Pro5a5' Ga# Tur5in <GT= *ri&r Co%5ination For Lar P'ant#

GT Con"iuration 5, GEFra%

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0R? 3GT#

C3? 2GT#0R? 3GT#

Ta5' 7

Coo'in 0dia "or LNG Proct#

Coo'in %dia Proct R%ar;#



Coo'in to-r -atr Onc trou+ #a -atr

Air coo'r

Indirct coo'in 5, #a-atr

(runi13 0an, 4roct#N.@. S+'" $

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contain%nt

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P'ant A&ai'a5i'iti#

Arun (ontan [email protected]+'"

Pri% %o&r Ga# tur5in Sta% tur5in Ga# tur5in



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1979)91

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2: %

$.2 % 2 % 11 % $

23 %

/:.9 % 27.3 % 11.9 % $

317 %

/1 % 3:.2 % 12.2 % /



APPEN*I>

LNG PLANT SA0PLE



LNG <84andr=

A44'ication? Li!u"action o" natura' a# "or 4a; #+a&in.

Product#? LNG at at%o#4+ric 4r##ur and a44ro8. )2:°F 'o- 4r##ur

natura' a#.

*#cri4tion? Pr##ur 'tdo-n u#in tur5o84andrco%4r##or unit# to

nrat r"riration. Prtrat%nt <1=6 nor%a'', %o'cu'ar #i&6 "or

d+,dration and %t+ano' r%o&a' car5on dio8id r%o&a' <2=6 o4tiona'

coo'in in 4'at "in <cor= t,4 +at 8c+anr# <3= 5"or "d to

tur5o84andr <$=. Hat rco&r, 5, r+atin t+rou+ +at 8c+anr#.4ro4ortion o" LNG to tota' a# d4nd# on o4ratin 4r##ur condition#

5ut t,4ica'',6 1 to 1:. Enr, rco&rd 5, rco%4r##ion o" 'tdo-n a#.

O4ratin condition#? T,4ica' unit 'i!u"i# 1: 00#c"d o" LNG6 rct# 9

00#c"d at 2:: 4#i6 and a5out 9 00#c"d at 3: 4#i "ro% 11/ 00#c"d

natura' a# at :: 4#i.

Econo%ic#? No #ini"icant 8trna' nr, r!uird. LNG 4roduction co#t

a44ro8. on)"i"t+ t+at o" co#t# "or con&ntiona' %i8d r"rirant6 ca#cad or

nitron 84andr 4roc### ca4ita' in&#t%nt &r, #i%i'ar 5ut o4ratin

co#t# ar #u5#tantia'', 'o-r.

In#ta''ation? On



R"rnc? Find'a,6 A..6 and G. @. S4icr6 Ga# Eninrin

0ana%nt6 F5ruar, 19736 44. $)/.

Licn#or? Con#tain Oi'6 Ga# Proc## Ltd.



LNG <Ta'arc=

A44'ication? Li!u"action o" natura' a#.

*#cri4tion? 0i8d r"rirant# in t-o r"riration c,c'# o4ratin in

ca#cad. A"tr r%o&in cid a##6 -atr6 %rcur,6 tc...6 natura' a# i#

coo'd <1= and #cru55d <2= to r%o& +a&, +,drocar5on#6 t+n

condn#d and #u5coo'd 5, t+ r"rirant <3=. Li!u"action r"rirant

a"tr co%4r##ion <$= and coo'in i# d#u4r+atd and 4artia'',

condn#d. Li!uid 4+a# i# &a4orizd a"tr #u5coo'in -+i' &a4or 4+a#6a"tr condn#ation and #u5coo'in6 i# &a4orizd. Lo- 4r##ur r"rirant i#

#u4r+atd 5"or co%4r##ion to coo' t+ natura' a# "d. Prcoo'in

r"rirant6 a"tr co%4r#ion6 i# condn#d at a%5int t%4ratur 5,

coo'in -atr and #u5coo'd and &a4orizd at t+r 4r##ur '&'# to

4artia'', condn# 'i!u"actiion r"rirant.

O4ratin condition#? To 'i!u", 'an a# <%ain', 4ur %t+an=? "d a#

4r##ur6 7/: 4#ia6 coo'in -atr t%4. 7/°F6 #4ci"ic 4o-r con#u%4tion

o" r"rirant co%4r##or#6 33: (HP00#c"d.

In#ta''ation#? 1$ 4a;#+a&in and 5a# 'oad 4'ant# ar o4ratin on 5a#

'oad 4'ant i# 4'annd.

R"rnc#? Parado-#;i6 H. and *u"r#n6 .P.6 MProc## ana',#i# #+o-#



+o- to #a& nr,6M Hydrocarbon Processing 6 o'. 26 No. 6 u', 19736

44. 1:3)1:7.

Licn#or? Tc+ni4 and Sna%4rotti S4A.

Circ' 32 on Radr Sr&ic Card



LNG <0CR=

A44'ication? Li!u"action o" natura' a# "or 5a# 'oad "ro% "i'd a#

or 4a; #+a&in "ro% 4i4'in a#.

*#cri4tion? A"tr 4roc##in to r%o& -atr and acid a##6

natura' a# i# coo'd <1= -it+ #ucc##i& #ta# o" 4rcoo'in

r"rirant to a44ro8i%at', )3:°F. T+ coo'd natura' a# #tra%

t+n ntr# t+ 0CR Cr,onic Hat E8c+anr <2= -+r it i#

coo'd and 'i!u"id aain#t a %u'tico%4onnt r"rirant con#i#tino" nitron6 %t+an6 t+an and 4ro4an. Nitron i# o5taind "ro%

air %t+an t+an and 4ro4an ar rco&rd "ro% t+ natura' a#

"d#toc;. T+ 'i!u"id natura' a# t+n "'o-# to #tora 4rior to

#+i4%nt or #ndout.

T+ %i8d r"rirant #tra% 8it# t+ 0CR Cr,ionic Hat

E8c+anr at a5out )3/°F and i# co%4r##d in t-o #ta# <36$= to

a44ro8i%at', :: 4#i. T+ %i8d r"rirant i# coo'd 5, 8c+an

-it+ coo'in -atr a"tr ac+ #ta o" co%4r##ion. T+ %i8d

r"rirant i# coo'd to a44ro8i%at', )3:°F and 4artia'', condn#d

5, &a4oratin 4rcoo'in r"rirant. T+ 'i!uid and &a4or 4+a##

o" t+ %i8d r"rirant "'o- to a #4arator </= "ro% -+ic+ ac+

4+a# ntr# t+ 0CR Cr,ionic Hat E8c+anr to 4ro&id

continuou# coo'in6 a# indicatd.



A con&ntiona' 4ro4an r"riration #,#t% can 4ro&id coo'in "or

5ot+ t+ tratd natura' a# "d and t+ %i8d r"rirant.

A'trnati&',6 a%%onia a5#or4tion or %i8d r"rirant 4rcoo'in

#ction# can 5 u#d in 4'ac o" 4ro4an.

Econo%ic#?

P'ant #iz6 00#c"d /:: 16:::

In&#t%nt6 S00 16::: 16::

In&#t%nt co#t 5ra;do-n6 ?

Sit d&'o4%nt $) Stora6 'oadin6

Fd a# trat%nt 3)/ %oorin 12)1/

Li!u"action and O""#it# 13)1

"ractionation 2:)2$ Startu46 #4ar#6

Co%4r##ion 1$)17 trainin6 tc. /)

Sta% and 4o-r 1)21 Tota' 1::

In#ta''ation#? Li5,a Nationa' Oi' Co.6 0ar#a)')(ra P'ant6 Li5,a6

37/ 00#c"d #u'tanat o" (runi)0it#u5i#+i)Ro,a' *utc+ S+''6

(runi6 (orno6 /: 00#c"d Sonatrac+6 Arz-6 A'ria t-o 4'ant# at

162:: 00#c"d ac+ N- En'and E'ctric S,#t%6 L,nn6 0a##.

<Pa;)S+a&in=6 .7/ 00#c"d (P)Tota')0it#ui)A*)NOC6 *a#

I#'and 6A5u *+a5i6 3:: 00#c"d Prta%ina)0o5i'6 Arun Indon#ia6

161:: 00#c"d Ptrona#)Ro,a' *utc+ S+'')0it#u5i#+i6 (intu'u6

0a'a,#ia6 16::: 00#c"d. @ood#id Grou4)Carrat+a6 Au#tra'ia6 ::

00#c"d <undr con#truction=.

R"rnc? MC3)0R 4roc### "or 5a#'oad 'i!u"i'd natura' a#6M

Ei+t intrnationa' Con"rnc on LNG6 197.

Licn#or? Air Product# and C+%ica'#6 Inc.

Documents

LNG Plant Design