Look at the sentence in the reading passage.

In the sentence the past participle is used as the adverbial. It is a way of joining two clauses together:

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

过去分词作时间状语

1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.

When heated, ice will be changed into water.

相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加 when 或while 。

2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.

Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.

过去分词作原因状语

1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.

Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.

相当于表示原因的状语从句。

2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

过去分词作条件或者假设状语

1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

前面可带 if ， unless 等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。

2. If I am compared with you, I still have a long way to go.

Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.

作方式或伴随情况状语

1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.

The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.

没有相当的状语从句可以代替。

2. She sat by the window, lost in thought.

She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.

lost 表示一种迷失心理状态

1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。

2) 过去分词作状语时 , 过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。

Summary

过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动 , 与主句主语之间是被动关系 ; 现在分词表进行 , 主动 , 与主句主语之间是主动关系。 如果一个主动的动作发生在谓语动词之前 , 用 having done; 如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前 , 则用 having been done

attention

1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.—we followed ( 跟着那个老人 , 我们上去了 )

2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) ( 被那个老人跟着 , 我们上去了 )

Compare

（伴随）

（伴随）

3. 从上面看 , 体育场好像一个鸟巢。 ____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen

4. 从太空看 , 宇航员看不到长城。 ____ from the space, the astronaut

can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen

Difference between the Present Participleand the Past Participle_____for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。______ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 ________ at her, he jumped with joy.(look)_______ at by her, he jumped with joy.(look)

Used

Using

LookingLooked

过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 :

单个的过去分词作定语 , 通常放在被修饰的名词之前 , 表示被动和完成意义。

1. 前置定语

A.被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 ( 受伤的工人 )are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

B. 完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning ( 落叶 ) in the yard.

The injured workers

the fallen leaves

1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。

2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　今天发出的信后天就能收到。

3. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 受到污染的空气和水对人的健康是有害的。

2. 后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时 , 通常放在被修饰的名词之后 , 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.= that has ever been written

如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no + thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town.

【注意】

Rewrite with proper conjunctions.

1. United we stand, divided we fail.→ If we are united, we will stand, but

if we are divided, we will fail.

2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

→When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.

3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

→ If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

→ Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

→ Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

→ Although he was left alone at home ，Sam did not feel afraid at all.

用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1. As I was worried about the journey,

I was unsettled for the first few days. → _______________________, I was

unsettled for the first few days.

Worried about the journey

2. If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

→ __________, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

→ ______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

Given time

Confused by the new surroundings

4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.

→ __________________________ ______, he became tense.

Questioned by the police about the fire

Find out the sentences with same meaning.

1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

1. I like reading the novels ______ (write) by Zhang Ailing.

2. The girl ______ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.

3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______ (repair).

written

writing

repaired

Filling in the blanks.

4. I want the doors of my new house ______ (paint) white.

5. There was a ________ (surprise) look on his face.

6. He was ______ (excite) at the good news.

7. The story was so ______ (move) that he was ______ (move) to tears.

painted

surprised

excited

moving

moved

8. _____ (use) in this way, the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb. 9. ______ (arm) with special guns, knives and brushes, two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft. 10. Though ______ (catch) in a traffic jam, we managed to arrive at the airport.

Used

Armed

caught

11. Susan is not easy to get along with. But once ______ (gain), her friendship will last forever. 12. Henry didn’t attend the party _____ (hold) at Tom’s house last night, for he was busy preparing for his exam.

gained

held