Topics:The Nominal Sentence: subject & predicate

Comparison Between the Nominal Sentence and the Adjectival Phrase

The Detached (Separate) Personal Pronouns

The Attached Personal Pronouns

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The watch is new.اع�ة الس�د�يد�ة� ج�

The book is new.ال�ك�ت�اب

د�يد� ج�The nominal sentence begins with a subject (

� ب�ت�د�أ which ,(م

is definite, and has a predicate ( ب�ر� .which is indefinite ,(خ�

ال�ح ال�ف�ير� ق� ف�

ار�ع الش�ع� و�اس�

س د�ر. ال�مغ�ائ�ب�

الله ك�يم� ح�

ال�ك�ت�اب يل� ث�ق�

ة ي�ار� الس�ين�ة� ث�م�

ماء الس�ة� مم�ط�ر�

ل�ك�ة ال�م�ي�ة� و� ق�

The merchant is rich. The window is broken. The boy is hardworking.

The room is spacious. The sentence is long. The lesson is difficult.

The chair is strong. The desk is dirty. The mosque is beautiful.

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Read and translate, then identify the subject and predicate:

.in gender and definiteness المنعوت agrees with النعت

only in gender, not المبتدأ agrees with الخبرdefiniteness.

د�يد� ك�ت�اب� ج� ال�ك�ت�اب د�يد ال�ج�

ال�ك�ت�اب د�يد� ج�

A new book. The new book. The book is new.

الفاكهة لذيذة.

الساعة الثمينة.

دار واسعة.

المسجد قريب.

شجرة طويلة.

النجم الثاقب.

الشمس طالعة.

القلم المكسور.

الكرسي صغير.

سيارة قديمة.

الباب المفتوح.

البيت جميل.

خليفة حكيم.

الشاي . Pحار

الماء البارد.

غرفة نظيفة.

Which of the following are مبتدأ وخبر and which are منعوت.Translate ?ونعت

I �ن�ا أ You f�ن� أت�

You m�ن� أت�

Sheه�ي�

He و� ه

Who are you? ؟ م�ن� أ�ن�ت� Who are you? ؟ م�ن� أ�ن�ت�I am Zaynab. . ي�ن�ب �ن�ا ز� أ I am Zayd. ي�د�. �ن�ا ز� أ

And who is this?و�م�ن� ذ�ه�؟ ه�

And who is this?و�م�ن� ذ�ا؟ ه�

This is Fatima.ذ�ه� ه�

ة. اط�م� ف�This is Umar. . ر ذ�ا عم� ه�

Is she a student?أ�ه�ي�

ط�ال�ب�ة�؟Is he a student?

و� أ�ه؟ ط�ال�ب�

Yes, she is a student.

ن�عم� ه�ي� ط�ال�ب�ة�.

Yes, he is a student.

و� ن�عم� ه. ط�ال�ب�

These are used as the subject in a sentence.

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I, you (f), he, you (m), she. I am a Muslim. I am a student .

He is a teacher. She is Fatima. You (f) are a bright student.

You (m) are a hardworking student. He is an old teacher.

Is he a teacher? No, he is the new principal. He is a serious man.

Who is she? She is a teacher. Is she a new teacher? Yes, she is new.

Translate :

ن�د�س� ه� مأ�

؟ �ن�ت� أة� س� د�ر. ه�ي� مة�. و�ع�ال�م�

ل�م� و� مس� هد�يد�. ج�

�ن�ا ن�ع�م� ، أة�. س� د�ر. م

ة� س� د�ر. مأ�

؟ �ن�ت� أ. ال�ح� �ن�ا ف� ال�، أ

و� ه�ل� هد؟ م� أ�ح�

�ن�ا ن�ع�م� ، أ. ف يوس

�ن�ت� �أ أ؟ ف يوس

ن�د. ال� ، ه�ي� ه� ه�ل� ه�ي� ؟ ي�ن�ب ز�

و� ن�ع�م� ، هد. م� أ�ح�

يـ ك�ـ ك�ـ اـ ه� هـmy your your her his

These pronouns are attached to nouns and show possession. E.g.

�يك�ت�اب ك�ك�ت�اب ك�ك�ت�اب اك�ت�اب ه� هك�ت�ابmy book your book your book her book his book

ت ي�ار� �س�ي

ت ي�ار� س�ك�

ت ي�ار� س�ك�

ت ي�ار� س�ا ه�

ت ي�ار� س�ه

my car your car your car her car his carNote: when the pronoun is attached, the Tanwin is dropped.

Also ة becomes a ت before an attached pronoun.

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تك� ، ا ، أمك� ، أخ� اع�ته� ه ، ب�ي�ته ، س� ل�م ق�ال�ت�ي ال�ي و�خ� ته ، خ� ع�مه و�ع�م�

تك� ، و�ج� ا ، ز� ال�ته� ي.ي ، ص� س� ك� ، كر� م�يص ق�ب�ل�ته ، ن�ت�ي ، ق� ا ، ج� ه� و�ج ز�

ال�م د�ين�ي ؛ بك� الله ؛ اإل�س� ب.ي و�ر� ر�آن ك�ت�اب�ي ر� د� ن�ب�ي.ي ؛ ال�ق م� مح�

ذ�ا م�ي ع�ب�د الله� ، أ�ه� ؟ ا�س� مك� ا اس� م�ي . د�يق� ذ�ا ص� ؟ ن�ع�م ه� ك� د�يق ص�

His room, her desk, my aunt, your (m) car, your (f) school, his city,

My sister is her friend, this is my mother and this is my father,

Your maternal uncle and your paternal uncle, his hand and his foot,

Bilal is my brother and Zaynab is my sister, your car is expensive,

Are you his sister? Yes, I am his sister. Is she your mother? Yes, she is.

Translate :

The words ب��خ� & أ�أ take an extra و when a pronoun is attached. However, ي “my” is always preceded by a kasrah.

ب�� أ

ي�بو أك�

�بو أك�

�بو أا ه�

�بو أه

أ�خ�ي

أ�خوك�

أ�خوك�

و أ�خا ه�

أ�خوه

Translate into Arabic:

Umar, Is that your father? No, that is my brother. This is my father.

Fatima, is that your father? Yes, that’s my father.

That is Ahmad, this is his father and this is his mother.

His father is honest and hardworking. His father is a doctor.

His brother is a student. He is bright. This is his bag.