vkius fiNys vè;k; esa i<+k fd yxHkx nks lfn;ksa ds la?k"kZ ds ckn Hkkjr 15

vxLr 1947 dks vktkn gqvkA vktknh ds lkFk&lkFk dbZ leL;k,¡ Hkh lkeus FkhaA

foHkktu us yxHkx 1 djksM+ 'kj.kkfFk±;ksa dks ikfdLrku ls Hkkjr vkus ij ck/; dj fn;kA

buds jgus vkSj dke nsus dh O;oLFkk djuk ljdkj ds fy, cgqr cM+h leL;k FkhA

yxHkx 500 ls vf/kd ns'kh fj;klrksa ds foy; dh leL;k Hkh lkeus pqukSrh ds :i esa

[kM+h FkhA bu lcksa ds lkFk&lkFk ns'k dks ,d ,slh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk Hkh iznku djuh

Fkh tks lcds fy, mi;ksxh ,oa mudh mEehnksa ds vuq:i gksA

o"kks± igys geus Hkfo"; dks izfrKk

nh Fkh vkSj vc oDr vk x;k gS tc

ge vius bl ok;ns dks iwjh rjg ls

;k iwjs :i esa rks ugha ysfdu dkQh

cM+h gn rd iwjk djsaxsA vk/kh jkr

chrs tc lkjh nqfu;k lks jgh gksxh]

Hkkjr vktknh dh ubZ ftnaxh esa

tkx mBsxkA ,d yEgk vkrk gS& vkSj bfrgkl esa cgqr de vkrk gS& tc ge

iqjkuh ftUnxh ls fudydj ubZ ftanxh esa dne j[krs gaS] tc ,d ;qx [kRe gksrk

gS vkSj ns'k dh vkRek vkokt ikrh gSA ;g mfpr gS fd bl mfpr ?kM+h esa ge Hkkjr

vkjS Hkkjr dh turk vkjS mll s Hkh vkx s c<d+ j ekuo tkfr dh los k dju s dk i.z k yAas

bfrgkl ds izHkkr esa Hkkjr viuh fujarj ;k=k ij pyk vkSj cs'kqekj lfn;ksa us

mldh dksf'k'k vkSj 'kkunkj dekyksa dh xokgh nh vkSj mldh ukdke;kfc;ksa dks

v/;k; & 13 Lora=rk ds cknLora=rk ds cknfoHkkftr Hkkjr dk tUefoHkkftr Hkkjr dk tUe

Lora=rk ds cknfoHkkftr Hkkjr dk tUe

fp= 1 & lafo/kku lHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, iafMr usg:

216

Hkh vPNs vkSj cqjs fnu] nksuksa esa] Hkkjr us mu mlwyksa vkSj fl)karksa dks dHkh utj esa

ugha gVus fn;kA buls mlus ubZ rkdr ikbZ vkSj 'kfDr Hkh vkt cnfdLefr dk

yEck vlkZ [kRe gksrk gS vkSj Hkkjr vius vkidks fQj ls igpku jgk gSA ftl

fot; dks vkt ge euk jgs gSa og flQZ ,d dne gS] volj feyus dh ,d

'kq#vkr gS] mu cM+h&cM+h lQyrkvksa vkSj izkfIr;ksa dh vksj tks gekjk bartkj dj

jgh gSA D;k geesa bruh fgEer gS] bruk Kku gS fd bl ekSds dks u tkus nsa &

mldk ykHk mBk,¡ vkSj Hkfo"; dh pqukSrh dks eatwj djsaA

vktknh vkSj 'kfDr ftEesnkfj;k¡ ykrh gSaA bu ftEesnkfj;ksa dk cks> bl lHkk ij gS

tks izHkqrk laiUu gS vkSj Hkkjr dh Lora= turk dh uqekbanxh djrh gSA vktknh ds

igys geus d"V >sys vkSj gekjs fny mu nq[kksa ls Hkkjh gS& dqN nq[k vkt Hkh

ekStwn gSA exj vrhr chr pqdk gS Hkfo"; gesa cqykrk gSA

og Hkfo"; vkjaHk dk ugha gSA og cjkcj dksf'k'k dk gS] esgur dk gS rkfd geus tks

ok;ns fd, Fks vkSj vkt ge tks izfrKk djsaxs mUgsa iwjk dj ldsaA Hkkjr dh lsok ds

ekus mu djksM+ksa dh lsok gS tks ihfM+r gS] ftlds ekus gS fd xq:or vkSj vKkurk]

chekjh vkSj ukbalkQh [kRe dj nh tk,¡A gekjs tekus dh lcls cM+h gLrh dh

vfHkyk"kk jgh gS fd gj balku dk gj vk¡lw iksaN fn;k tk,A ;g 'kk;n gekjh

rkdr ds ckgj gks exj tcrd yksxksa ds vk¡[kksa esa nq%[k ds vk¡lw gks ml oDr rd

gekjk dke lekIr ugha gksxkA

blfy, gedks cjkcj esgur djuh gS rkfd gekjs lius lkdkj gks ldsaA ;g lius

Hkkjr ds fy, gh ugha cfYd lalkj ds fy, Hkh gS D;ksafd vktdy ds lkjs ns'k vkSj

lalkj ds yksx vkil esa brus tqM+s gq, gaS fd muesa ls ,d Hkh vyx jgus dh dYiuk

ugha dj ldrkA dgrs gaS fd 'kkafr vfoHkkT; gSA blh rjg vktknh Hkh vkSj

lEiUurk vkSj foin Hkh] D;ksafd vc bl ,d nqfu;k ds vyx&vyx VqdM+s ugha

fd, tk ldrsA

217

vktkn Hkkjr ds yksx Hkh dbZ leqnk;ksa] tkfr;ksa {ks=ksa ,oa fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh lewg

esa caVs gq, FksA buds [kku&iku] jgu&lgu cksy&pky] lkspus ,oa le>us ds rjhdksa esa Hkh

dkQh fofHkUurk,¡ FkhaA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gekjs jk"Vªh; usrkvksa ds lkeus lcls cM+h

leL;k Fkh fd lewps Hkkjr dks dSls ,d jk"Vª ds :i esa laxfBr fd;k tk,A

ns'k dks laxfBr djus ds lkFk gh vkfFkZd fodkl Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k FkhA gekjs

lafo/kku dh lcls cM+h [kkfl;r gS fd blesa ̂ vke vkneh* dks lokZfèkdkj lEiUu ekuk

x;k gSA blds rgr lcdks tks 21 lky dh mez iqjk dj pqds gks ¼vc 18 lky gh½ viuh

ljdkj pquus dk vf/kdkj vFkkZr~ ernku djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;kA 'kq: esa fczVh'k

vkSj vesfjdk tSls fodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh erkfèkdkj lEiUu i#q "kk as dk s gh Fkk] èkhj&s èkhj s ;g

f'kf{kr i#q "kk as dk s feyk fQj lkekU; i#q "kk as dk s vkjS vra r% fL=;k as dk s ;g vfèkdkj feyk tcfd

Hkkjr e as vktknh d s ckn igy s vke puq ko e as gh ;g vf/kdkj lcdk s inz ku fd;k x;kA

gekjs lafo/kku us Hkkjr ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks tkfr&/keZ ;k {ks=h; Lrj ij

vyx&vyx jgus okyksa dks dkuwu dh utj esa cjkcjh dh n`f"V ls ns[kkA dqN yksx Hkkjr

dks Hkh ikfdLrku dh rjg /keZ dsfUnzr jk"Vª cukuk pkgrs Fks ysfdu gekjs jk"Vªh; usrkvksa us

/keZfujis{krk ds fl)kUr dks Lohdkj fd;k ,oa lHkh /keZ ds yksxksa dks leku volj iznku

fd;kA lafo/kku dh utj esa fgUnw] eqfLye flD[k] bZlkbZ] tSu vkfn /kekZoyach ,d leku

gSaA ysfdu gekjs lafo/kku dk ekuoh; i{k ;g Hkh gS fd gekjs tks ukxfjd lkekftd ,oa

vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s gq, gksa] ftuds lkFk vLi`';rk ;k NqvkNwr tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tk

jgk Fkk mls fo'ks"k laj{k.k nsus dk izko/kku fd;kA

ml le; ns'k dh vkcknh yxHkx 34-5 djksM+ FkhA vUu ds {ks= esa vkRefuHkZj cuus ds

fy, Ñf"k ds fodkl dh t:jr FkhA D;ksafd Ñf"k ij ml le; yxHkx 90% turk fuHkZj

FkhA fdlku xk¡oksa esa jgrs FksA bUgsa Ñf"k ds fy, ekSulwu ¼o"kkZ½ ij fuHkZj jguk iM+k FkkA

flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk fodflr ugha FkhA o"kkZ ugha gksus ls fdlkuksa dks rks vdky dk lkeuk

djuk gh iM+rk Fkk] Ñ"kdksa ij fuHkZj vU; is'kk ds yksx tSls ukbZ] c<+bZ yksgkj ,oa dkjhxj

oxZ Hkh ladV dh fLFkfr esa vk tkrs FksA 'kgj esa jgus okys vkS|ksfxd etnwjksa dh fLFkfr Hkh

n;uh; FkhA buds cPpksa dks f'k{kk ,oa LokLF; dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kk Hkh miyC/k ugha FkhA

218

vr% vktknh ds ckn Ñf"k ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh Hkh vko';drk

Fkh rkfd jkstxkj dh izkfIr ds lkFk&lkFk yksxksa dk thou Lrj mB ldsA

vktknh ds lkFk&lkFk foHkktu

ds dkj.k / k k fe Zd mUekn

¼lkEiznkf;drk½ us yxHkx laiw.kZ

Hkkjr dks vius pisV esa ys fy;k FkkA

ysfdu ns'k ds dqN xzkeh.k bykds]

fcgkj vkSj foHkktu ls izHkkfor {ks=ksa

dks NksM+dj iwjk ns'k lkEiznkf;d

fopkj /kkjk ls vyx jgkA bu

ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkkjr /keZfujis{krk ds

fcuk ,d laxfBr rFkk etcwr jk"Vª

ugha cu ldrk FkkA fodkl ,oa ,drk ds lkFk jk"Vª fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k dks lkFk&lkFk

pyus ds fy, erHksnksa ,oa fgald Vdjko dks lekIr djuk vfuok;Z FkkA lkEiznkf;drk ds

lkFk&lkFk tkfrokn] vehj&xjhc] 'kgj&nsgkr vkfn ds chp xgjs erHksn ,oa nwfj;k¡ FkhaA

bu nwfj;ksa dks ikVuk Hkh vktknh ds fy, pqukSrh FkhA

u, lafo/kku dk fuekZ.k

vktknh ds igys gh Hkkjrh;k as u s dfS cuVs fe'ku dh puq krS h dk s Lohdkj djr s g,q Hkkjr d s

fy, viu s lfa oèkku d s fuek.Z k dh ftEens kjh lHa kkyhA ,d lfa oèkku lHkk dk xBu fd;k x;k

ftld s yxHkx 300 ifz rfufèk n's k Hkj l s puq dj vk,

FkAs bu lnL;k as d s chp fnlEcj 1946 l s uoEcj

1949 rd xHa khj fopkj&foe'k Z d s ckn Hkkjr dk

lfa o/kku fy[kk x;kA lfa o/kku d s dNq Hkkx ¼micUèk½

dk s 26 uoEcj 1949 dk s gh ykx w dj fn;k x;k ,o a 26

tuojh 1950 dk s bl s i.w k Z :i l s ykx w fd;k x;kA

Lora=rk ds ckn foHkkftr Hkkjr vkSj u;s ikfdLrku dk tUe

219

fp= 2 & u, lafo/kku ij gLrk{kj djrs iafMr usg:

gekjs lafo/kku dh lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ bldh izLrkouk esa fufgr gaSA bls ^lafo/kku dh

daqth* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA izLrkouk bl izdkj gS %& ge] Hkkjr ds yksx Hkkjr dks ,d

laiw.kZ izHkqRo lEiUu lkektoknh] /keZfujis{k yksdra=kRed x.kjkT; cukus ds fy,

rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd U;k;] fopkj

vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djus ds fy, rFkk mu lcesa

O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh ,drk rFkk v[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/kqrk

c<+kus ds fy, n`<+ ladYi gksdj bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj 1949

bZ- ¼fefr ekxZ'kh"kZ 'kqDy lIreh laor 2006 foØeh½ dks ,rn~ }kjk bl lafoèkku dks

vaxhÑr vf/kfu;fer ,oa vkRefiZr djrs gSaA

gekj s lfa o/kku e as dUs n z vkjS jkT; ljdkj d s

chp 'kfDr;k as dk Li"V foHkktu fd;k x;k rkfd

dUs n z vkjS jkT; d s chp Vdjko u gkAs vxj

Vdjko dh lHa kkouk curh g S rk s olS h fLFkfr e as dUs n z

dk dkuuw gh iHz kko'kkyh gkxs kA lfa o/kku lHkk u s

yEc s okn&fookn d s ckn n's k dh ljq {kk] ,drk vkjS

v[kMa rk dk s è;ku e as j[kr s g,q dUs n z ljdkj dk s

etcrw vkjS l{ke cuku s dk i;z kl fd;kA dUs n z

ljdkj dk s djk/kku] lpa kj] j{kk vkjS fon's k uhfr

dh ftEens kjh nh xbAZ vke vkneh dh t:jrk as

f'k{kk] LokLF; ,o a dkuuw &O;oLFkk dk s è;ku e as

j[kr s g,q bu lHkh ftEeos kfj;k as d s fuogZ u dk Hkkj

jkT; ljdkj dk s fn;k x;kA gekj s lfa o/kku u s

dUs n z vkjS jkT; d s chp 'kfDr;k as dk s rhu lfw p e as foHkkftr fd;k gAS dUs æ lfw p] jkT; lfw p ,o a

leorh Z lfw pA leorh Z lfw p e as ou] Ñf"k ,o a ,ls s fo"k;k as dk s j[kk x;k ftldk Li"V foHkktu

220

vYila[;dksa dks lqj{kk ,oa lEeku iznku djsaA eq[;eaf=;ksa dks usg: dk i= %

gekjs ikl ,d eqfLye vYila[;d

leqnk; gS tks la[;k dh n`f"V ls bruk

cM+k gS fd vxj os pkgsa rks Hkh dgh ugha tk

ldrsA ;g ,d cqfu;knh rF; gS ftlds

ckjs esa cgl dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha gSA

ikfdLrku dh rjQ ls pkgs ftruk

mdlkok gks vkSj ogk¡ ds xSj&eqlyekuksa

ij pkgs tks Hkh vR;kpkj gks jgs gkas gesa bl

vYila[;d leqnk; ds lkFk lH; <ax ls

O;ogkj djuk gSA gesa bl leqnk; dks Hkh

ogh lqj{kk vkSj vf/kdkj nsus gksaxs tks fdlh

yksdrkaf=kd jkT; ds ukxfjdksa dks feyrs

gaSA

221

ugh a fd;k x;k gkAs leorh Z lpw h ij dUs n z vkjS jkT; nkus k as dk s gh dkuuw cuku s dk vf/kdkj gAS

Vdjko ;k erHksn dh fLFkfr esa dsUnz dk gh dkuwu izHkko'kkyh gksxkA lafoèkku lHkk esa ppkZ

ds nkSjku dqN yksxksa us dsUnz ds fgr dks iz/kkurk nh vkSj dgk fd tc dsUnz etcwr gksxk]

rHkh og iwjs ns'k ds fy, lkspus vkSj ;kstuk cukus esa l{ke gksxkA dbZ lnL;ksa us jkT;ksa dks

vfèkd Lok;Ùkrk vkSj vktknh nsus ds i{k esa nyhy nhA mudk dguk Fkk fd orZeku

O;oLFkk esa yksdra= fnYyh esa gh dsfUnzr gS] blfy, ckdh ns'k esa blh Hkkouk vkSj vFkZ esa

lkdkj ugha gks jgk gSA

lafo/kku lHkk esa Hkk"kk ds eqís ij Hkh yEch cgl gqbZA vf/kdka'k yksx vaxzsth dh txg

fgUnh dks viukuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu xSj fgUnh Hkkf"k;ksa us bldk fojks/k fd;kA Vh-Vh-

Ñ".kekpkjh us nf{k.k ds yksxksa dh vksj ls psrkouh nsrs gq, dgk fd vxj muij fgUnh

Fkksih xbZ rks cgqr lkjs yksx Hkkjr ls vyx gks tk,¡xsA bl fookn ls cpus ds fy, fgUnh

dks Hkkjr dh jktHkk"kk dk rks ntkZ fn;k x;k ysfdu vnkyrksa lfgr fofHkUu lsokvksa esa

vaxzsth dks dkedkt dh Hkk"kk ds :i esa viuk;k x;kA lafo/kku ds fuekZ.k esa Mk- Hkhe jko

vEcsndj dh Hkwfedk dkQh egRoiw.kZ FkhA ;s lafo/kku lHkk ds izk:i lfefr ds vè;{k Hkh

FksA bUgksaus lafo/kku lHkk esa jktuhfrd yksdra= ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd :i

ls fiNM+s yksxksa ds mRFkku ds fy, vkokt cqyan dhA buds mRFkku ds fy, bUgksaus ljdkjh

lsokvksa esa vkj{k.k dh odkyr dh rkfd lkekU; yksxksa ds lkFk dne ls dne feykdj ;s

py ldsaA

vkj{k.k ds laca/k esa ,p-ts-[kk.Msdj ds fopkj

ledkyhu jktuhfr esa vkj{k.k tSls Toyar eqís ij lafo/kku fuekZ=h lHkk esa

okn&fookn ds nkSjku 24 vxLr 1949 dks [kk.Msdj us vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds

vkj{k.k ds laca/k esa tks iz'u mBk;k fd llanh; iz.kkyh esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dks

vkjf{kr fuokZpu {ks=ksa esa nh tkus okyh lhVksa dks lgh ykHk rHkh feysxk tc muds

fy, oSls gh fuokZpu {ks= vkjf{kr fd;s tk;sa ftuesa mudh vkcknh cgqer esa gSA

[kk.Msdj us bldks vkSj Hkh Li"V djrs gq, ;g dgk fd ,slk ugha gksus ij vke

fuokZpu {ks= d s vkjf{kr LFkkuk as l s vulq fw pr tkfr d s ;kXs ; ifz ruhf/k ugh a fuokfZ pr gk s

ldr s g]Sa ftld s dkj.k llna h; i.z kkyh e as mudk lgh ifz ruhf/kRo ugh a gk s ldxs kA

gekjs lafo/kku us jkT; ds ukxfjdksa dks dqN ekSfyd vf/kdkj Hkh fn, rFkk jkT; ds

izfr fu"Bkoku cus jgus ds mik; ds :i esa ukxfjdksa ds fy, ekSfyd drZO; Hkh crk,A

jkT; dks fn, x, uhfr funsZ'kd rRo us ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k fd ns'k ds HkkSfrd lalk/ku

dk bLrseky lkewfgd fgr esa fd;k tk, ,oa vf/kd /ku laxzg ls cpk tk,A lafo/kku us

lewps ns'k ds ukxfjdksa ds ,d >aMk ¼frjaxk½] ,d lafo/kku] ,d jk"Vªxku vkfn dk izko/kku

fd;k rkfd ns'k dh ,drk ,oa v[kaMrk lqjf{kr jgsA

vki le> ldrs gSa fd lafo/kku dk fuekZ.k djrs le; Hkkjr ds usrkvksa vkSj turk ds

lkeus ,d lk>s vkSj l'kDr Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; dh rLohj FkhA usg: th ds Hkk"k.k ds va'k ls

Hkh vki le> ldrs gSa fd muds lius dk Hkkjr dSlk FkkA lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL; Hkh

bl vkn'kZ vFkkZr~ O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj vktknh] lkekftd vkfFkZd lekurk] turk dh

[kq'kgkyh vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk esa fo'okl j[krs FksA ;g vkn'kZ vkt rd ftUnk gSA ;gh

dkj.k gS fd ge lafo/kku dk vkt Hkh lEeku djrs gSaA

D;k vki Hkh dqN dguk pkgsaxs\

lfa o/kku lHkk d s db Z lnL; lfa o/kku dk s Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;k as d s vudq yw ugh a ekur s FkAs

,d lnL; y{eh ukjk;.k lkg w dk dguk Fkk fd ;g lfa o/kku ftu vkn'kk ±s ij vk/kkfjr

g S mudk Hkkjr dh vkRek l s dkbs Z lca /a k ugh a gAS ;g lfa o/kku ;gk ¡ dh ifjfLFkfr;k as e as dk; Z

ugh a dj ik;xs k vkjS ykx w gkus s d s dNq le; ckn gh BIi gk s tk,xk

&lafo/kku lHkk okn fookn [kaM 11 i`-&613

jkT;ksa dk iquxZBu fd;k x;k

vaxzstkas us iz'kklfud lqfo/kk vkSj O;kikfjd ykHk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjr esa jkT;ksa

dk xBu fd;k FkkA vaxzstksa us Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd fofo/krk vkSj Hkk"kk;h fHkUurk dks

vk/kkj ugha cuk;k FkkA ysfdu tc izFke fo'o;q) ds ckn dbZ ns'kksa dk iquxZBu Hkk"kk;h

222

vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k ftuesa :l] rqdhZ

vkSj vkfLVª;k izeq[k Fks rks Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;

dkaxzsl us Hkh 1920 ds n'kd esa yksxksa dh

Hkkoukvksa dks ns[krs gq, vktknh ds ckn

Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu dk

vk'oklu fn;kA ysfdu tc Hkkjr dks /keZ

ds vk/kkj ij naxksa vkSj foHkktu ds ckn

Hkkjr dks vktknh feyh rks jk"Vªh; usrkvksa ds eu esa fpark gqbZ fd vxj jkT;ksa dk iquxZBu

Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k rks vkSj dbZ ikfdLrku cu ldrs gSaA bUgha ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

usg: vkSj cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy us Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu dk fojks/k fd;kA tc

yksxksa ds }kjk Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa ds xBu dh ekax mBh rks iVsy us dgk ̂bl le;

Hkkjr dh igyh vkSj vafre t:jr ;g gS fd bls ,d jk"Vª cuk;k tk,A jk"Vªokn dks

c<+kok nsus okyh gj pht vkxs c<+uh pkfg, vkSj mlds jkLrs esa #dkoV Mkyusokyh gj

pht dks nj fdukj dj nsuk pkfg,A geus ;gh dlkSVh Hkk"kk;h izkarksa ds loky ij Hkh

viukbZ gSA bl dlkSVh ds fglkc ls gekjs jkT; esa bl ekax dks leFkZu ugha fn;k tk

ldrkA*

jk"Vhª ; urs kvk as }kjk 1920 d s n'kd e as fd, x, ok;n s l s edq ju s d s dkj.k {k=s h; Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh

tlS s rys x]w rfey] ejkBh] dUuM + ckys u s okyk as e as vlra k"s k iuiu s yxkA fo'k"s k :i l s rys x w Hkk"kh

ykxs 1952 d s iFz ke puq ko e as vk/a k z inz 's k dh ekxa dk s yds j dkQh mx z FkAs vk/a k z inz 's k dh ekxa dk s

yds j xk/a khoknh urs k ikVs V~ h Jh jkey w jkt w u s Hk[w k gMr+ ky fd;k tle as 58 fnuk as d s ckn 15

flrEcj 1952 dk s mudh eR̀; q gk s xbAZ budh eR̀; q d s ckn ijw s vkèa k z {k=s e as vjktdrk QyS xbAZ

bl fojk/s k dk s dUs n z u s xHa khjrk l s fy;k vkjS budh ekxa sa eku yhAa bl rjg 1 vDVcw j] 1953 dk s

vk/a kiz nz 's k d s :i e as ,d u, jkT; dk xBu gqvkA

ljdkj us {ks=h; Hkk"kk&Hkkf"k;ksa }kjk u, jkT; ds xBu dh ekax dks ns[krs gq, ̂ jkT;

223

fp= 3 & Lora= Hkkjr ds nks f'kYidkj iafMr usg: ,oa ljnkj iVsy

iquxZBu vk;ksx* dk xBu fd;kA bl vk;ksx ds vè;{k Qty vyh FksA vk;ksx us viuh

fjiksVZ 1956 bZ- esa lkSai nhA blus rfey] ey;kye] dUuM+] caxyk] mfM+;k ,oa vlfe;k

Hkk"kh yksxksa ds fy, vyx&vyx jkT; ds iquxZBu dh flQkfj'k dhA fo'kky fgUnh Hkk"kh

{ks= dks iz'kklfud lqfo/kk ,oa lkaLÑfrd ,d:irk dks ns[krs gq, dbZ jkT;ksa esa foHkkftr

fd;k x;kA dqN o"kks± ds ckn ls jkT;ksa ds foHkktu dh ekax Hkh mBus yxh vkSj rhoz

vkUnksyu dk :i Hkh vf[r;kj fd;kA QyLo:i 1960 esa cacbZ izkar dk] ejkBh Hkk"kh

egkjk"Vª ,oa xqtjkrh Hkk"kh xqtjkr esa] 1966 esa iatkc ls gfj;k.kk dks vkSj vkxs pydj

2001 esa mÙkj izns'k ls mrjkapy dks] eè;izns'k ls NÙkhlx<+ dks ,oa fcgkj ls >kj[kaM dks

vyx dj 28 osa jkT; ds :i esa xBu fd;k x;kA vHkh Hkh egkjk"Vª ls vyx djds fonHkZ]

vkaèkzizns'k ls rsyaxkuk] ,oa iwoksZÙkj esa cksMksySaM ds xBu dh ekax dks ysdj yxkrkj

vkUnksyu gks jgs gSaA

224

fj;klrsa

fczfV'k Hkkjr

14 vxLr 1947 ls igys Hkkjrh;izkar vkSj fj;klrsaA

225

HkwriwoZ fj;klrsa*

vU; jkT;

* tc fj;klrksa ds 'kkld Hkkjr

vFkok ikfdLrku ls tqM+us ds fy,

eku x;s ;k fQj gjk fn;s x;s rks

mudh fj;klrsa [kRe gks xbZaA ijarq

31 vDVwcj 1956 rd dbZ ,slh

fj;klrksa dks iz'kklfud bdkb;ksa ds

:i esa cuk;s j[kk x;kA blhfy,

1947&48 ls 31 vDVwcj 1956 dh

dkykof/k ds fy, bUgsa HkwriwoZ

fj;klr dgk x;k gSA

dz e'k% rhuksa ekufp=ksa ds voyksdu ls vki jkT;ksa ds xBu dh izfØ;k dks le> ldrs gSaA Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ;k vU; dkj.kksa ls 1956 ,oa mlds ckn xfBr jkT;ksa dh lwph cuk;saA

fodkl dh ;k=k

gekjs jk"Vªh; usrkvksa us vktknh ds igys gh

;g eglwl fd;k Fkk fd jktuhfrd vktknh ds

lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd le`f) Hkh vko';d gSA vxj

Hkkjr vkSifuosf'kd vFkZO;oLFkk ls eqDr gksdj

vkfFkZd :i ls vkRefuHkZj ugha curk gS rks

jktuhfrd vktknh T;knk fnuksa rd ugha jg

ldrhA vr% Hkkjr dks vkfFkZd :i ls fodflr

djus ds fy,] vk/kqfud rduhd ds lgkjs Ñf"k

vkSj m|ksxksa ds fy, vk/kkj fufeZr djuk lcls cM+h pqukSrh Fkh ljdkj us eglwl fd;k

fd cxSj ljdkjh lg;ksx ,oa ;kstuk ds ns'k dh vkfFkZd izxfr rsth ls ugha gks ldrhA

vr% ljdkj us uhfr cukus ,oa ykxw djus ds fy, 1950 esa ;kstuk vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA

vc ljdkj vkSj futh {ks= nksuksa feydj ;kstuk ds ijke'kZ ls mRiknu dks c<+k,saxs ,oa

jkstxkj djsaxsA ;kstuk vk;ksx us iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls ljdkjh vkSj fuft {ks=

dh Hkkxhnkjh djus dk lQy iz;kl fd;kA

lcl s igy s vUu d s {k=s e as vkRefuHkjZ rk

gkfly dju s d s fy, ;kts uk vk;kxs u s

1951&56 d s chp Ñf"k dk s lfq u;kfs tr :i

l s lcl s T;knk c<k+ ok fn;kA nlw jh ipa o"kh;Z

;kts uk ¼1956&67½ e as n's k dk s vk|S kfs xd :i

l s vkRefuHkjZ cuku s d s fy, cM&s+ cM s+ m|kxs k as

d s LFkkiuk ij cy fn;k x;kA gkykfa d

m|kxs k as dh LFkkiuk rk s gbq Z yfs du [krs h] ikz Fkfed f'k{kk] i;koZ j.k] LokLF; vkfn ij mruk è;ku

ugh a fn;k x;kA D;kfas d gekj s ikl ml le; lalk/ku lhfer Fks vkSj vko';drk,¡ vf/kd

226

fp= 4 & flapkbZ ds lk/ku fodflr djus gsrq xaMd unh ij cuk cka/k

FkhaA Hkfo"; esa i;kZoj.k dks gksus okyh {kfr

dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, xk¡èk th dh vuq;k;h

ehjk cgu us 1949 esa gh dgk Fkk] foKku

vkSj e'khujh ds }kjk dqN le; rd Hkkjh

Qk;nk gks ldrk gS ysfdu vkf[kdkj rckgh

gh feysxhA gesa dqnjr ds larqyu ds iqjkus

fu;eksa ds fglkc ls viuh ftUnxh pykuh pkfg,] rHkh ge LoLFk vkSj uSfrd :i ls lH;

iztkfr ds :i esa thfor jg ik,¡xsA

gekjh ljdkj u s fo'o d s fodflr n's kk as d s

lg;kxs l s fHkykb]Z nxq kiZ jq ] ckds kjk]s jkmjdys k

vkfn txgk as ij cM&s+ cM s+ m|kxs yxk,A blh

rjg Hkkjr u s 11oh a ipa o"kh;Z ;kts uk rd Ñf"k

m|ksx] foKku ,oa rduhd] f'k{kk vkfn ds

{ks= esa fuft ,oa lkoZtfud {ks=ksa dh

Hkkxhnkjh ls dkQh izxfr dj yh gSA vkt

Hkkjr dk fodkl nj phu ds ckn fo'o esa nwljs LFkku ij gSA gj O;fDr dks dke miyC/k

djkus ds fy, egRek xk¡èkh ujsxk] dksbZ O;fDr Hkw[kk u jg s mld s fy, [kk| ljq {kk dh xkjVa h

;kts uk vkfn ij ljdkj dkQh lta hnk gAS

1990 ds n'kd esa rst vkfFkZd fodkl ds

lkFk&lkFk vkS|ksfxd {ks= esa <kWpkxr

ifjorZu gqvkA lwpuk ,oa lapkj ds {ks= esa

Økafr us dEI;wVj lk¶Vos;j ,oa gkMZos;j]

vk/kqfud lapkj ,oa ifjogu ds lk/kuksa ;Fkk

nksifg;k ,oa pkjifg;k okguksa ,oa VsyhQksu

227

fp= 5 & cksdkjks bLikr la;a=

fp= 6 & cjkSuh fjQkbujh

fp= 7 & gSnjkckn dk lkW¶Vos;j lsaVj

228

lsok vkfn ds {ks= esa vizR;kf'kr o`f) gqbZA dEI;wVj lk¶Vos;j ds {ks= esa Hkkjr us ,d ubZ

igpku cukbZA caxyksj dh igpku Hkkjr dh flfydku oSyh ds ¼vesfjdk½ :i esa cuhA

ekbØkls k¶V tlS h dEiuh u s gnS jkckn ¼vk/a kiz nz 's k½ e as lk¶Vo;s j fodkl dUs n z dh LFkkiuk dhA

Hkkjr esa jsyos] Mkd ,oa lapkj] cSad] chek] vkfFkZd ÅtkZ] isVªksfy;e] lqj{kk lkexzh ls

tqM+s m|ksx vkt Hkh ljdkj }kjk fu;af=r gSa tcfd vU; cM+s m|ksxksa esa futh {ks=ksa dh

Hkkxhnkjh cM+s iSekus ij gS tks gekjh fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dk ifjpk;d gSA nksuksa {ks=ksa dh

Hkkxhnkjh ls Hkkjr esa rduhdh ,oa vk/kkjHkwr lajpukvksa dk larks"ktud fodkl gqvk gSA

QyLo:i vktknh ds ckn tula[;k esa rhu xq.kh ls Hkh vf/kd o`f) ds ckotwn izfr

O;fDr vk; esa Hkh yxHkx rhu xq.kh o`f) gqbZ gSA

yksdrkaf=d l'kfDrdj.k

vktknh ds ckn Hkkjr esa lalnh; yksdra= dh LFkkiuk gqbZA vki blh vè;k; esa i<+

pqds gSa fd dbZ leL;kvksa ds ckotwn Hkkjr us lQykrkiwoZd vkfFkZd fodkl] jkT;ksa dk

iquxZBu] Hkk"kk laca/kh fooknksa dk fuiVkjk] lkEiznkf;d 'kfDr;ksa ij fu;a=.k fd;kA ns'k

dh fons'k uhfr dk lapkyu Hkh xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fd;k x;kA

xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr&vktknh ds le; fo'o nks cM+s jk"Vªksa vesfjdk vkSj

lksfo;r :l ds [ksesa es foHkDr FkkA Hkkjr dks lcdh enn dh t:jr FkhA vr%

lcds lkFk vPNs laca/kksa dk fuokZg djrs gq, fdlh xqV esa u jgrs gq, Hkkjr us

xqV fujis{krk dh uhfr viukb Z rFkk Hkkjr tlS s xjhc vkjS fodkl'khy n's kk as dk s Hkh

blh uhfr ij pyu s dh lykg nhA

dqN le; ckn Hkkjr esa yksdrkaf=d vkn'kZ detksj gksus yxs vkSj vkikrdky dh

?kks"k.kk dh xbZA ns'k esa iqu% tukUnksyu dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks xbZA bldh 'kq#vkr fcgkj

,oa xqtjkr ls gqbZA usr`Ro t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us iznku fd;kA t;izd'k ukjk;.k us laiw.kZ

Økafr dk ukjk fn;kA vkikr dky ds nkSjku iz/kkuea=h dh 'kfDr esa o`f)] izsl ij fu;a=.k]

ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa ij izfrca/k] ulcUnh }kjk tUe nj ij fu;a=.k] >qXxh&>ksiM+h

229

mUewyu] deZpkfj;ksa ds o`f) ij jksd rFkk dBksj ,oa vkyksdrkaf=d dne mBk, x,A

vkikr dky ds fojks/k esa t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us laiw.kZØakfr dk vkg~oku fd;kA

t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dh laiw.kZ Økafr dk eryc

t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dh laiw.kZ Økafr

dh vo/kkj.kk muds jktuhfrd

fpUru dk vafre iM+ko FkkA

t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us Nk=ksa ,oa

;qokvksa dks jktuhfrd nyksa ls

vyx jgdj ns'k dh lkekftd

rFkk jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa

cqfu;knh ifjorZu ykus dk lq>ko

fn;kA Nk= ,oa ;qok 'kfDr ds mn; dk dkj.k ljdkjh ra= esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj] ns'k

dh [kjkc vkfFkZd fLFkfr ,oa ukStokuksa esa O;kIr csjkstxkjh gSA 5 twu 1974 dks iVuk

ds xk¡/kh eSnku esa t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us Nk=ksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, laiw.kZ Økafr dk

fopkj j[kkA bUgksaus dgk] ̂vkt vktknh ds 27 o"kZ ds ckn Hkh yksx Hkw[k] c<+rh gqbZ

dherksa rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj ls ijs'kku gaSA fj'or fn, fcuk dgha dke ugha gksrkA yksx

vU;k; ls la?k"kZ dj jgs gSa ijUrq dksbZ jkLrk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA yk[kksa Nk=ksa ,oa

ukStokuksa dk Hkfo"; vU/kdkj esa gSA xjhch c<+ jgh gSA fdlkuksa dh fLFkfr n;uh;

gSA* bl fLFkfr ls NqVdkjk ikus fy, bUgksaus laiw.kZ Økafr dh vo/kkj.k dks lkeus

j[kk rFkk blds fy, lÙkk ifjorZu dks vko';d crk;kA bUgksaus dgk fd ^laiw.kZ

Økafr ,d ,slh O;kid Økafr gS ftlds vUrxZr lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd]

lkaLÑfrd] oSpkfjd vFkok ckSf)d] 'kS{kf.kd rFkk vkè;kfRed Økafr;k¡ lfEefyr

gSaA ;g la[;k de ;k vf/kd Hkh gks ldrh gSA* bUgksaus vkxs dgk fd lÙkk ifjorZu

gekjk mís'; ugha gS] ijUrq ;g vko';d gSA tc gekjs izfrfuf/k Hkz"V] v{ke vkSj

HkkbZ Hkrhtkokn ds f'kdkj gSa rks mUgsa lÙkk ls gVkuk gh iM+sxkA blds ckn gh O;fDr

rFkk lekt esa ifjorZu ds fy, dke djuk gksxkA

fp= 8 & xka/kh eSnku esa tulHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, t;çdk'k ukjk;.k

230

t;izdk'k ukjk;.k us Hkz"Vkpkj ij fu;a=.k ds fy, yksdiky tSlh Lo'kklh laLFkk dh

LFkkiuk dh vko';drk crkbZA bUgksaus egaxkbZ ij fu;a=.k ds lkFk&lkFk Ñf"k ,oa

vk|S kfs xd etnjw k as dh n'kk l/q kkju s ij Hkh cy fn;kA t;idz k'k th u s tkfr O;oLFkk ij igz kj

djr s g,q ngts ] Nvq k&Nrw tlS h lkekftd cjq kb;k as dk Hkh fojkès k fd;kA bUgkuas s bld s fy,

f'k{kk dh Hkh ckr dhA yfs du f'k{k.k&O;oLFkk n's k dh vko;';drkvk as d s vu:q i gk s blfy,

ikz Fkfed l s fo'ofo|ky; Lrj dh f'k{kk e as veyw &pyw ifjoruZ dh vko';drk crkbZA dbZ

nyksa dks feykdj turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj eksjkjth nslkbZ ds usr`Ro esa cuhA bl ljdkj us

vkikrdky esa izsl vkfn ij yxs izfrcaèkksa dks lekIr fd;k rFkk ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa dks

fQj ls cgky fd,A turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj us lalnh; laLFkkvksa ,oa yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa

dks etcwr fd;kA ysfdu vkilh xqVckth ds dkj.k ;g ljdkj vf/kd fnuksa rd ugha

py ldhA eè;kofèk pquko gq, ftlesa iqu% bafnjk xk¡/kh ds usr`Ro esa dkaxzsl dks thr

gkfly gqbZA Jherh xk¡/kh ds le; iatkc esa pjeiaFkh ,oa vyxkooknh vkUnksyu gq,A

buds fo#) twu 1984 esa vkijs'ku Cyw LVkj uked dkjoZ kb Z dh xbAZ bl dkjoZ kb Z d s

ifz r'kk/s k e as Jherh xk/¡ kh d s nk s flD[k vxa j{kdk as u s gh 31 vDVcw j 1984 dk s mudh gR;k dj nhA

Jherh xk¡/kh dh gR;k ds ckn buds cM+s csVs jktho xk¡/kh iz/kkuea=h cus buds usr`Ro esa

dkaxzsl dks ,sfrgkfld cgqer gkfly gqvkA bUgksaus ns'k esa rst vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lapkj

Økafr ds izfr izfrc)rk fn[kkbZA Hkkjr dks 21oha lnh esa ys tkus dk liuk Hkh fn[kk;kA

ysfdu Hkz"Vkpkj laca/kh ¼cksQkslZ ?kksVkyk½ fooknksa esa f?kj tkus ds dkj.k vxys pquko esa

dkaxzsl dks ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA

ubZ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk tUe xBca/ku ,oa ekspsZ dh jktuhfr&1989 ls

Hkkjr dh turk us fdlh ,d ny dks Li"V cgqer ugha fn;kA lcls igys oh-ih- flag ds

usr`Ro esa ekspsZ dh ¼turk ny] Hkktik ,oa okeiafFk;ksa dh½ feyh tqyh ljdkj cuhA vkilh

[khap&rku ds dkj.k ;g ljdkj viuk dk;Zdky iwjk ugha dj ldh vkSj e/;kof/k pquko

esa ns'k dks tkuk iM+kA bl pquko esa dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro esa ljdkj cuhA

bl ljdkj ds le{k dbZ leL;k,¡ [kM+h FkhaA ns'k vkfFkZd :i ls cngkyh ds nkSj ls

xqtj jgk FkkA v;ksè;k eafnj&efLtn fookn vkSj oh-ih- flag ljdkj }kjk lkoZtfud {ks=

dh ukSdfj;ksa esa fiNM+h tkfr ds yksxksa dks vkj{k.k iznku djus ds dkj.k ns'k esa dkuwu ,oa

O;oLFkk dh leL;k mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA d'ehjh vyxkookfn;ksa dh Hkh xfrfof/k;k¡ c<+us

yxh FkhaA blh chp 6 fnlEcj 1992 dks ckcjh efLtn /oal dh ?kVuk us Hkh iwjs

ns'kokfl;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;kA dkaxzsl dh ljdkj us bu vkUrfjd ,oa oká ifjfLFkfr;ksa

dk lkeuk lQyrk iwoZd lekiu fd;k rFkk ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds

ekè;e ls iVjh ij yk;kA bl ljdkj us iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk dks laoS?kkfud la'kks/ku ds

ekè;e ls ykxw djus dk Hkh ,sfrgkfld dk;Z fd;kA

vxys pquko esa Hkktik dh vxqvkbZ esa xBcU/ku dh ljdkj cuhA bl ljdkj us

lQyrk ds lkFk vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds nwljs nkSj dks Hkh ykxw fd;kA rFkk jk"Vªh; lqj{kk

,oa rduhd dks etcwrh iznku djrs gq, iks[kj.k&2 foLQksV Hkh fd;kA ;g ljdkj

^QhyxqM ,oa Hkkjr mn;* ds ukjksa ds lkFk pquko esa xbZ ysfdu fdlkuksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr

ds dkj.k ;g ukjk Qhdk iM+ x;k] vkSj ljdkj dks ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA dkaxzsl

xBca/ku dh thr gqbZA ¼ekspsZ dh jktuhfr dk Li"V /kzqohdj.k gqvkA dkaxzsl dh usr`Ro

okyh ekspkZ laizx ¼la;qDr izxfr'khy xBca/ku½ ,oa Hkktik usr`Ro okyh ekspkZ jktx

¼jk"Vªh; turkaf=d xBca/ku½ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

231

fp= 9 & iks[kj.k&1 ijek.kq ijh{k.k bafnjk xka/kh dh ljdkj esa 1974 esa gqvkA

fp= 10 & iks[kj.k 2& ijek.kq ijh{k.k cktis;h th dhljdkj esa 1998 esa fd;k x;kA

vHkh yxkrkj nks pquko esa dkaxzsl dh vxqvkbZ okyh laizx ljdkj dbZ leL;kvksa dk

lQyrk iwoZd lkeuk djrs gq, izxfr ds iFk ij vxzlj gSA

x.kra= ds lkB o"kks± ds ckn

Lora=rk ds ckn 26 tuojh 1950 dks gekjk lafo/kku ykxw gqvk vkSj Hkkjr x.kra=

cukA bl nkSjku Hkkjr us yxHkx gj {ks= esa lQyrk ds lkFk dne c<+k;kA gekjs lafo/kku

us ljdkj ,oa ns'kokfl;ksa ds fy, dqN ekun.Mksa ¼vkn'kks±½ dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tks gekjs

lafo/kku dh izLrkouk esa Li"V :i ls n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA Lora=rk ds ckn ls vkt rd

ge lalnh; yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa ds lkFk yxkrkj vkxs c<+ jgs gSaA tks gekjs fy, ,d egku

miyfC/k gSA Lora=rk ds le; dqN varjkZ"Vªh; ekeyksa ds

fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkkjr ,d jk"Vª ds :i esa T;knk

fnuksa rd lQy ugha gks ldrk gS D;ksafd Hkkjr esa {ks=h;]

lkaLÑfrd ,oa Hkk"kk;h fofHkUurk,¡ ekStwn gSaA gj {ks= ;k lewg

viuh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls vyx&vyx jk"Vª dh ekax djsxk

vkSj ns'k fc[kj tk,xkA fiNys dqN o"kks± esa Hkkjr esa

vyxkooknh vkUnksyu gq, Hkh ysfdu blus ns'k dh ,drk ,oa v[kaMrk dks dksbZ uqdlku

ugha igq¡pk;kA

232

fp=&11xjhcksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr ,oa foink dks fn[kkrk gqvk fp=&1] tcfd fp=&2 esa lqfo/kk lEiUu oxZ ds jgu&lgu dk Lrj fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA

fp=&12

Hkkjr ds fdu&fdu {ks=ksa esa vyxkooknh vkUnksyu gq,] blls ns'k dks D;k&D;k uqdlku >syus iM+sA vki vius f'k{kd ls ppkZ djsaA

dqN fo'ks"kKksa dks ,slk yxrk Fkk fd pw¡fd Hkkjr vfodflr vkSj vHkkoxzLr ns'k gS

vr% ;gk¡ lSfud 'kklu LFkkfir gks tk,xkA ysfdu ,slh lkjh vk'kadk,¡ xyr lkfor gqbZ

gSA vc rd Hkkjr esa lQyrk iwoZd yksdlHkk ds 14 vke pquko ,oa lSdM+ksa fo/kku lHkk

,oa LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds pquko gks pqdsA ns'k dh O;oLFkkfidk] U;k;ikfydk ,oa

dk;Zikfydk ds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djds dke dj jgh gSA Lora= izsl gekjk

ekxZn'kZu dj jgk gSA bl rjg gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk ,oa izxfr dh jkg esa Hkk"kk;h ,oa

lkaLÑfrd fofo/krk Hkh :dkoV ugha Mky jgh gSA ijUrq lkekftd {ks= esa tkfr vkèkkfjr

[kkbZ vHkh Hkh cjdjkj gSA vkt Hkh gekjs nfyr leqnk; ds yksx Hksn&Hkko] Nqvk&Nwr ds

f'kdkj gaSA bUgsa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa mis{kk Hkjh fuxkgksa ls ns[kk tkrk gSA buds fy, thus dh

tks U;wure vko';drk,¡ gaS] mldk Hkh vkHkko gSA gekjs lafo/kku ds /keZfujis{k vkn'kks± ds

foijhr dbZ txgksa ij /kkfeZd leqnk;ksa ds chp Vdjko dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA

gekjk ns'k vkfFkZd :i ls rks le`) gks jgk gS ysfdu xjhcksa vkSj vehjksa ds chp [kkbZ c<+rh

tk jgh gSA dqN yksx vPNs&vPNs ?kjksa esa lkjh lqfoèkkvksa ls ;qDr

thou O;rhr djrs gSa rks dqN yksxksa dks thrksM+ esgur ds ckn Hkh

nksuksa 'kke dk [kkuk ulhc ugha gksrk gSA vehj yksx vius cPpksa ds

lkFk LokLF; ykHk ysus ds fy, igkM+ksa ij NqfV~V;k¡ chrkus tkrs gSa

ysfdu xjhcksa dks bykt ds fy, MkDVj rd miyCèk ugha gSA

vehj vius cPpksa dks fons'kksa esa i<+krs gSa vkSj csfglkc [kpZ djrs gSa

ysfdu xjhc vius cPpksa dks Ldwy Hkstus esa Hkh vleFkZ ikrs gaSA

vki i<+ pqds gSa fd gekjk lafo/kku Hkkjr ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks leku vf/kdkj iznku

djrk gS] lkekftd vkfFkZd {ks= esa fiNM+s gq, yksxksa ds l'kfDrdj.k dk iz;kl djrk gS]

ysfdu Lora=rk ds le; gekjs jktusrkvksa us tks liuk ns[kk Fkk D;k ge mls izkIr dj

ik;s gSa\ Li"V :i ls ughaA ge gj {ks= esa lQy gksus dk nkok ugha dj ldrs fQj Hkh ge

foQy ugha gSaA

233

ppkZ djsa&dqN

yksx vius cPpksa dks

Ldwy D;ksa ugha Hkst

ikrsA bl fo"k; ij

vius f'k{kd ls Hkh

lg;ksx ys ldrs gSA

D;k vkids Hkh liuksa dk

Hkkjr ,slk gks ldrk gS

D;k vkusokys fnuksa esa

gekjk Hkkjr ,slk gks ldrk

gS] tgk¡ xk¡o vkSj 'kgjksa ds

chp dk vUrj de gks

tk,xkA ,slk Hkkjr tgk¡

Ñf"k] m|ksx vkSj jkstxkj

csgrj rkyesy ds lkFk dke

djsa] ÅtkZ ¼fctyh½ lM+d]

vkokl vkSj ikuh lcds fy,

miyC/k gksA Hkkjr ,slk jk"Vª

cus tgk¡ lHkh dk bykt gksA

;gk¡ dh ljdkj Hkjkslsean

ikjn'khZ vkSj Hkz"Vpkj eqDr

gksA ;gk¡ ls xjhch vkSj

fuj{kjrk tM+ ls lekIr gks

tk,A cPps vkSj efgyk,¡

vR;kpkj vkSj 'kks"k.k ls eqDr

gks vkSj leqnk; dk jgusokyk gj O;fDr vyx&vyx eglwl u djsaA

Hkkjr dks fodflr cukus ds fy, gesa iwjh bZekunkjh vkSj fu"Bk ls dke djus dh

t:jr gSA Ñf"k vkSj [kk| izlaLdj.k] f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; lqj{kk] lwpuk vkSj lapkj

rduhd] Hkjkslsean bysDVªhd ikoj] rduhdh vkRefuHkZjrk vkfn {ks=ksa esa lkeatL;

LFkkfir djuk gh gksxkA gesa xk¡oksa ds rjQ ykSVdj ewyHkwr lqfo/kk,¡ miyC/k djkuh gksxh

tks vkt 'kgjksa esa miyC/k gSA vxj 'kgj dh lqfo/kk,¡ xk¡oksa esa vkbaZ rks fons'kksa esa dke dj

jgs yksx vius ns'k ykSVsaxs vkSj Hkkjr dks le`) cuk,¡xsA

234

fp= 13

235

vH;kl

vkb, fQj ls ;kn djsa&

1- lgh fodYiksa dks pqusa&

(i) ^^o"kks± igys geus Hkfo"; dks izfrKk nh Fkh** fdlds Hkk"k.k dk va'k gS\

¼d½ egkRek xka/kh ¼[k½ tokgjyky usg:

¼x½ jktsUæ izlkn ¼?k½ cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy

(ii) vktknh ds le; Hkkjr ds ikl dkSu lh leL;k ugha Fkh\

¼d½ ns'kh fj;klrksa ds foy; ¼[k½ 'kj.kkFkhZ dh leL;k

¼x½ iquokZl dh leL;k ¼?k½ usr`Ro dh leL;k

(iii)buesa ls dkSu lgh ugha gS\

¼d½ vktknh ds le; ns'k dh vkcknh yxHkx 34-5 djksM+ FkhA

¼[k½ Hkkjr [kk|kUu ds {ks= esa vkRefuHkZj FkkA

¼x½ 90 izfr'kr turk Ñf"k ij fuHkZj FkhA

¼?k½ Hkkjr esa m|ksx dh deh FkhA

(iv) foHkktu ds le; lcls cM+h leL;k D;k Fkh\

¼d½ /kkfeZd mUekn ¼[k½ xjhch ¼x½ tkfrokn ¼?k½ fctyh

(v) Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij lcls igys fdl jkT; dk xBu gqvk\

¼d½ mÙkj izns'k ¼[k½ fgekpy izns'k ¼x½ vka/kz izns'k ¼?k½ rfeyukMq

(vi) ^^vxj fgUnh muij Fkksih xbZ rks cgqr lkjs yksx Hkkjr ls vyx gks tk,axs** fdlus dgk\

¼d½ jktxksikykpkjh ¼[k½ ljnkj iVsy ¼x½ jk/kkd`".ku ¼?k½ d`".kekpkjh

(vii) ̂laiw.kZ Økafr* dk ukjk fdlus fn;k\

¼d½ t;çdk'k ukjk;.k ¼[k½ fouksck Hkkos ¼x½ egkRek xka/kh ¼?k½ vUuk

gtkjs

(viii) Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu dk fojks/k fdlus fd;k\

¼d½ tokgjyky usg: ¼[k½ cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy

¼x½ mijksDr nksuksa ¼?k½ fdlh us ugha

(ix) iks[kj.k&1 dk ijh{k.k fdlds iz/kkueaf=Ro dky esa gqvk\

¼d½ tokgjyky usg: ¼[k½ bafnjk xka/kh

¼x½ eksjkjth nslkbZ ¼?k½ vVy fcgkjh oktis;h

(x) lafo/kku lHkk ds v/;{k ds :Ik esa fdlus gLrk{kj fd;k\

¼d½ tokgjyky usg: ¼[k½ jktsUæ izlkn

¼x½ egkRek xka/kh ¼?k½ oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy

vkb, fopkj djsa&

(i) vktknh ds le; Hkkjrh; Ñf"k fdl ij fuHkZj Fkh\

(ii) vktknh ds le; lcls cM+h leL;k D;k Fkh\

(iii) fgUnh Hkk"kk dk fojks/k fdlus fd;k\

(iv) Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij cuus okys ik¡p jkT;ksa ds uke crk,¡A

(v) ;kstuk vk;ksx dk xBu dc fd;k x;k\

vkb, djds ns[ksa&

(i) gekjs lafo/kku esa ns'k dh ,drk ,oa v[k.Mrk dk Hkjiwj [;ky j[kk x;k gSA bl fo"k; ij oxZ esa lgikfB;ksa ds lkFk ppkZ djsaA

(ii) vkt gekjs ns'k dh fLFkfr D;k gS\ ge dgk¡ rd lQy jgs gaS\ bl lEca/k esa vius fopkj ls lgikfB;ksa dks voxr djk,¡A

236