Ly thuyet tong quan ve Cloud computing

i hc Cng ngh thng tin Khoa Cng ngh phn mm

1

Mc lc

CHNG 2: IN TON M MY .......................................................................... 2

2.1. Tng quan v in ton m my ........................................................................................ 2

2.1.1. Tng quan ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.1.2. u im ca in ton m my .................................................................................. 4

2.1.3. Nhc im ca in ton m my ............................................................................ 5

2.1.4. So snh vi kin trc client/server truyn thng ........................................................... 6

2.2. Dch v ca in ton m my ........................................................................................... 1

2.2.1. H tng hng dch v (Iaas) ........................................................................................ 1

2.2.2. Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS) .................................................................................... 1

2.2.3. Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS) .................................................................................. 3

2.3. Cc hnh thc trin khai in ton m my ....................................................................... 4

2.3.1. m my cng cng (public cloud) .............................................................................. 4

2.3.2. m my c nhn (private cloud) ................................................................................. 5

2.3.3. m my lai (hybrid cloud) .......................................................................................... 6

2.3.4. m my cng ng (community cloud) ..................................................................... 7


2

CHNG 2: IN TON M MY

2.1. Tng quan v in ton m my

2.1.1. Tng quan

Hin nay c 1 s khi nim v in ton m my c cc nh nghin cu a ra

nh sau :

Theo Wikipedia 1:

in ton m my l mt m hnh in ton c kh nng co gin linh ng v

cc ti nguyn thng c o ha cung cp nh mt dch v trn mng Internet.

Theo Ian Foster ( thuc phng th nghim quc gia Argonne - M):

in ton m my l mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin ln hng

v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr, cc nn tng v cc

dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh ng, s c phn phi theo nhu cu

cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua Internet.

in ton m my l mt dng thc in ton cung cp cc ti nguyn o ha v

c quy m di dng dch v qua mng Internet. Ngi dng khng cn ti nhng

kin thc chuyn mn qun l h tng cng ngh ny bi phn vic l dnh cho

cc nh cung cp dch v.

in ton m my l s kt hp gia cc khi nim: H tng hng dch v

(IaaS), Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS), Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS) v mt s

khi nim cng ngh mi. Dch v in ton m my thng cung cp cc trc tuyn

ng dng doanh nghip thng dng, c th truy xut qua trnh duyt web trong khi

phn mm v d liu c lu tr trn my ch ca nh cung cp.2

Kt hp vi vic tm hiu v tham kho cc khi nim ca cc nh nghin cu nu

trn, nhm cng a ra mt khi nim v in ton m my nh sau :

in ton m my l mt dng m hnh in ton c tnh co gin, mi c s h

tng, phn mm u c o ha thnh cc dng dch v m ngi dng c th s

dng vi lu lng ty theo nhu cu ca mnh qua mang li hiu qu kinh t ln

cho ngi s dng cng nh y nhanh qu trnh trin khai cc h thng vn rt mt

thi gian khi cn p dng m hnh c


3

Hnh 2.1 - Mi th u tp trung vo m my [6]

Lch s xut hin ca in ton m my:

Thut ng in ton m my xut hin bt ngun t ng dng in ton li (grid

computing) trong thp nin 1980, tip theo l in ton theo nhu cu (utility computing)

v phn mm dch v (SaaS).

in ton li t trng tm vo vic di chuyn mt ti cng vic (workload) n a

im ca cc ti nguyn in ton cn thit s dng. Mt li l mt nhm my ch

m trn nhim v ln c chia thnh nhng tc v nh chy song song, c xem

l mt my ch o.

Vi in ton m my, cc ti nguyn in ton nh my ch c th c nh hnh

ng hoc ct nh t c s h tng phn cng nn v tr nn sn sng thc hin nhim

v, h tr nhng mi trng khng phi l in ton li nh Web ba lp chy cc ng

dng truyn thng hay ng dng Web 2.0.

Kin trc tng qut ca in ton m my:

Hnh 2.2 Kin trc tng quan in ton m my [7]


4

Kin trc ca in ton m my bao gm 3 tng :

H thng hng dch v ( Infrastructure as Service ).

Nn tng hng dch v ( Platform as Service).

Phn mm hng dch v ( Software as Service).

Cc hnh thc trin khai ca in ton m my: da vo nhu cu ca ngi dng

cng nh ca pha nh cung cp m hnh thnh nn bn phng thc trin khai in ton

m my trong thc t :

m my cng cng ( Public Cloud)

m my c nhn ( Private Cloud)

m my lai ( Hybrid Cloud)

m my cng ng ( Community Cloud)

in ton m my ang c pht ng bi nhiu nh cung cp, trong c

Amazon, Google, DataSynapse, v Salesforce cng nh nhng nh cung cp truyn

thng nh Sun Microsystems, HP, IBM, Intel v Microsoft. N ang c nhiu ngi

dng c nhn cho n nhng cng ty ln nh General Electric, LOral, Procter &

Gamble v Valeo chp nhn v s dng

2.1.2. u im ca in ton m my

- Tit kim v gim chi ph: chi ph u t ban u v c s h tng, my mc v

ngun nhn lc ca ngi s dng in ton m my c gim n mc thp nht. Khi

khch hng ngng s dng dch v th ti nguyn s c nh cung cp gii phng v

cho khch hng khc thu li. Khch hng s tn dng c ngun vn dng u t

cho thit b cho cc cng vic kinh doanh khc.

- Tc x l nhanh: ngi dng ca dch v in ton m my s tn dng c

sc mnh m cc siu my tnh ca nh cung cp mang li.

- a phng tin: khng cn ph thuc vo thit b v v tr a l, in ton m my

cho php ngi dng truy cp v s dng h thng thng qua trnh duyt web bt ky

u v trn bt ky thit b no m h s dng (chng hn l PC hoc l in thoi di

ng, v.v....)

- Chia se ti nguyn v chi ph trn mt a bn rng ln, mang li cc li ch cho

ngi dng nh:

Cng sut x l nhanh hn do ti nguyn c tp trung. Ngoi ra, ngi

dng khng cn phi u t v ngun nhn lc qun l h thng.

Kh nng khai thc v hiu sut c ci thin hn 10-20% so vi h thng

my tnh c nhn thng thng.


5

- tin cy cao: in ton m my khng chi ginh cho ngi dng ph thng, m

cn ph hp vi cc yu cu cao v lin tc ca cc cng ty kinh doanh v cc nghin

cu khoa hc. Tuy nhin, mt vi dch v ln ca in ton m my i khi ri vo

trng thi qu ti, khin hot ng b ngng tr. Khi ri vo trng thi ny, ngi dng

khng c kh nng x l cc s c m phi nh vo cc chuyn gia t m my tin

hnh x l.

- Tnh co gin: kh nng m rng, co gin cc ti nguyn gip khch hng d dng c

cu li hot ng ca mnh khi c s thay i v quy m cng nh phng thc hot

ng.

- Bo mt: kh nng bo mt c ci thin do s tp trung v d liu.

- Bo tr v sa cha: cc ng dng ca in ton m my d dng sa cha hn

bi l chng khng c ci t c nh trn mt my tnh no v c i ng chuyn gia

trong ngnh chu trch nhim v vn bo tr, sa cha.

- Thng k ti nguyn: ti nguyn s dng ca in ton m my lun c qun l

v thng k trn tng khch hng v ng dng, theo tng ngy, tng tun, tng thng.

iu ny m bo cho vic nh lng gi c ca mi dch v do in ton m my

cung cp ngi dng c th la chn ph hp.

2.1.3. Nhc im ca in ton m my

- Ph thuc vo nh cung cp:

Ngy nay, kh nng tng tc gia cc nn tng khc nhau ca cc phn mm

c ci thin, nhng cc hm API (Application Programming Interface) ca in ton

m my vn cha c chun ha nn nu mt ngi dng vit mt ng dng trn nn

tng ca nh cung cp dch v th ng dng khng th chy c trn nn tng ca

nh cung cp dch v khc. Nh vy ngi dng ph thuc nh cung cp dch v l iu

bt li.

Nu cc nh cung cp dch v in ton m my cng nhau chun ha API th ngi

dng c th pht trin ng dng trn nn tng ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v. Khi h

thng cung cp dch v no gp s c th d liu ngi dng khng mt v n nm

u trn h thng ca cc nh cung cp dch v khc.

- Bo mt v kim tra d liu:

D liu lu trn m my c an ton khng? Nhng chc chn rng xc sut b ngi

khc khc truy xut rt cao, y thc s l mt thch thc trong bo mt d liu. Trc

ht ngi dng phi m ha d liu trc khi a ln m my lu tr, khi s dng tt

nhin phi gii m trn PC ca h. Ngi dng ghi nhn thng tin h thng x l cng


6

vi s dng cc h iu hnh o khi cung cp dch v IaaS s lm cho ng dng ca mnh

kh b tn cng hn.

- Tc nghn trn ng truyn d liu v hiu qu PC:

C nhng ng dng khi bt u chy th d liu t, cng v sau d liu cng nhiu, c

ng dng chy trn Cloud v c th lu cc v tr khc nhau, khi chy ng dng ny

pht sinh vn chuyn d liu gia cc data center. Ngi dng phi tr ph vn chuyn

d liu gia cc data center, ng dng chy cng v sau th chi ph ny cng tng ln, y

l iu phi cn nhc.

Khi nhiu my tnh o cng chy, th vn chia s v CPU hay b nh t hiu qu

cao, nhng vn giao tip IO ca cc my o ny gy ra nhiu vn lin quan n

hiu sut my tnh.

- Nhu cu lu tr ngi dng:

Mc d in ton m my p ng linh hot nhu cu lu tr ca ngi nhng li gy

kh khn trong qun l h thng lu tr, chng hn mt ngi s dng mua mt khong

dung lng th phi cung cp cho ngi bao nhiu l ti u, va cho ngi dng

hay nhiu hn yu cu, nu c ch qun l khng ph hp s dn n tnh trng phn

mnh d liu, dn n qu trnh truy xut s kh khn hn.Nh vy, lm sao to ra mt

h thng lu tr tin li, p ng v nhu cu v kh nng lu tr ca ngi s dng ang

l vn phc tp phi gii quyt ca cc nh cung cp Cloud Computing Service.

2.1.4. So snh vi kin trc client/server truyn thng

in ton m my "m" hn, quan trng hn, gi re hn,.v.v.. Nh vy rt tin li

cho cc doanh nghip v t chc hot ng v gim chi ph. tr li ngn gn cu hi:

in ton m my c tht s hu ch cho mt t chc, cng ty hay khng? chng ta

phi xem xt: quy m, hnh thc hot ng,v.vv... c bit nu d liu l v cng quan

trng i vi h, chc hn ngi ta s xy dng mt h thng lu tr ring v n s vn

hnh theo m hnh clien/server truyn thng. i vi cc doanh nghip nh m d liu

khng quan trng lm, in ton m my s l gii php ti u do h khng phi chi ph

u t, qun l, bo tr, vn hnh h thng lu tr.

in ton m my c bn tnh cht ni bt so vi m hnh truyn thng [4] :

Kh nng co gin (Rapid elasticity)


2

in ton m my

in ton m my c kh nng t

ng m rng hoc thu nh h thng

theo yu cu ngi dng (h thng s t

m rng hoc thu hp bng cch thm

hoc gim bt ti nguyn). Mt ngi

dng k hp ng thu mt Server gm

4 CPU. Nu lng truy cp thp chi cn

1 CPU l , khi h thng qun l ca

nh cung cp dch v s t ngt bt 3

CPU, ngi dng khng phi tr ph cho

3 CPU ni trn v chng c a sang

phc v ngi dng khc. n khi nhu

cu tng tc l lng truy cp tng, h

thng ngay lp tc s t ng thm CPU

vo, nu nhu cu vt qu 4 CPU th

ngi dng tr ph theo hp ng k

vi nh cung cp dch v in ton m

my.

Client/Server

m hnh truyn thng th vic nng

cp h thng xy ra rt kh khn v tn

rt nhiu chi ph ( mua thit b, lp t ).

Khi h thng ca bn chy khng ht

cng sut th bn cng khng th gim

cht lng hay s lng thit b v ti

nguyn xung c v nh vy h thng

ca bn s rt d gp s c trong qu

trnh vn hnh, t cho thy mt s

lng ph rt ln khi s dng m hnh

truyn thng.

Dch v theo nhu cu (On-demand self-service):

in ton m my

Ngi dng gi yu cu thng qua

trang web cung cp dch v, h thng

ca nh cung cp s p ng ngi

dng c th t phc v nh: tng gim

thi gian s dng server v dung lng

lu tr, v.v.. m khng cn phi trc tip

yu cu nh cung cp dch v, tc l mi

nhu cu khch hng u c x l trn

internet.

Client/Server

Bn s phi lin h trc tip vi nh

cung cp server/ hosting m bn ang s

dng.


2

Truy xut:

in ton m my

Ngi dng c kt ni internet l c

th s dng dch v, dch v in ton

m my khng yu cu ngi dng phi

c kh nng x l cao, ngi dng c th

truy xut bng cc thit b di dng nh

in thoi, PDA v laptop.

Client/Server

Mt s doanh nghip s dng m hnh

truyn thng nhng t server ti chnh

ni lm vic th c th khng cn

internet cc hot ng vn din ra bnh

thng, tuy nhin cc ng dng chy

trn m hnh truyn thng a s chi chy

c trn my tnh c nhn.

Dng chung ti nguyn v iu tit dch v:

in ton m my

Nh cung cp dch v cho php ngi

dng dng chung ti nguyn do h cung

cp, ti nguyn c phn pht rt linh

hot ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng.

Khi nhu cu ca mt ngi dng no

gim xung, lp tc phn ti nguyn d

tha s c phc v cho ngi dng

khc. Nu mt ngi dng 4 CPU t 7 -

n 11 gi hng ngy, mt ngi dng

khc thu 4 CPU tng t 13 gi n 17

gi hng ngy th h c th dng chung 4

CPU . Cloud Computing Service da

trn cng ngh o ha, ti nguyn y

a phn l ti nguyn o, chng c cp

pht linh hot ty theo nhu cu (ng)

ca tng ngi dng khc nhau, nh

cung cp dch v c th phc v nhiu

ngi dng hn so vi cch cp pht ti

nguyn (tnh) truyn thng. H thng

Cloud Computing Service t ng kim

sot v ti u ha s dng ti nguyn

bao gm: dung lng lu tr, n v x

l, bng thng .v.v

Client/Server

Cc nh cung cp s dng m hnh

truyn thng khng th no thc hin

vic linh ng ti nguyn nh m hnh

in ton m my. Gi s bn thu mt

my ch t Mt bo th chi c bn

mi c quyn s dng n, khi bn khng

s dng th nh cung cp cng khng c

quyn cp hay chia se my ch ny vi

bt c khch hng no khc.


1

2.2. Dch v ca in ton m my

Nh nu chng mt, tt c ti nguyn ca in ton m my c t chc

thnh cc dch v cung cp mt cch linh hot cho ngi dng.

Dch v trn m my c phn thnh ba nhm chnh :

Hnh 2.4 Kin trc tng qut ca m my [8]

2.2.1. H tng hng dch v (Iaas)

H tng hng dch v l cch m in ton m my cung cp c s h tng my

tnh (thng l mi trng o) nh l mt dch v. Thay v phi mua my ch, phn mm

hay thit b mng, khch hng c th mua cc ti nguyn nh l mt dch v bn ngoi.

Cc li ch m dch v ny mang li:

Cung cp ti nguyn nh l dch v: bao gm c my ch, thit b mng, b nh,

CPU, khng gian a cng, trang thit b trung tm d liu.

Kh nng m rng linh hot.

Chi ph thay i ty theo thc t.

Nhiu ngi thu c th cng dng chung trn mt ti nguyn.

V cp doanh nghip: em li li ch cho cng ty bi mt ngun ti nguyn

tnh ton tng hp.

2.2.2. Nn tng hng dch v (PaaS)

Nn tng hng dch v h tr vic trin khai ng dng m khng quan tm n chi

ph hay s phc tp ca vic trang b v qun l cc lp phn cng v phn mm bn


2

di, cung cp tt c cc tnh nng cn thit h tr chu trnh sng y ca vic

xy dng v cung cp mt ng dng v dch v web sn sng trn internet m khng cn

bt k thao tc ti hay ci t phn mm cho nhng ngi pht trin, qun l tin hc hay

ngi dng cui.

Khi PaaS c sn nh mt dch v, nhng ngi pht trin phn mm c th kim sot

ton b vic pht trin v trin khai ng dng. PaaS cho php nhng ngi pht trin

phn mm to ra cc ng dng web ty chinh v pht hnh n mt cch nhanh chng, khi

nhiu rc ri nh vic thit lp hosting, servers, databases, qu trnh tng tc ngi

dng v nhng frameworks c ng gi.

Dch v App Engine ca Google l mt dch v PaaS in hnh, cho php khch hng

xy dng cc ng dng web vi mi trng chy ng dng v pht trin da trn ngn

ng lp trnh Java hoc Python.

Hnh 2.5 Platform as Service [9]

Mt s c trng ca PaaS bao gm:

- Phc v cho vic pht trin, kim th, trin khai v vn hnh ng dng ging nh

l mi trng pht trin tch hp

- Cung cp cc cng c khi to vi giao din trn nn web

- C kin trc ng nht

- Tch hp dch v web v c s d liu

- H tr cng tc nhm pht trin

- Cung cp cc cng c h tr tin tch khc


3

Vic s dng dch v ny mang li mt s li ch:

- u im trong nhng d n tp hp nhng cng vic nhm c s phn tn v a

l.

- Kh nng tch hp nhiu ngun ca dch v web.

- Gim chi ph ngoi l khi tch hp cc dch v v bo mt, kh nng m rng,

kim sot liv.vv...

- Gim chi ph khi tru tng ha cng vic lp trnh mc cao to dch v,

giao din ngi dng v cc yu t ng dng khc.

- Hng vic s dng cng ngh t c mc ch to iu kin d dng hn

cho vic pht trin ng dng a ngi dng cho nhng ngi khng chi trong

nhm lp trnh m c th kt hp nhiu nhm cng lm vic.

2.2.3. Phn mm hng dch v (SaaS)

Phn mm hng dch v l mt m hnh trin khai ng dng m nh cung cp

cho php ngi dng s dng dch v theo yu cu. Nhng nh cung cp SaaS c th lu

tr ng dng trn my ch ca h hoc ti ng dng xung thit b khch hng, v hiu

ha n sau khi kt thc thi hn. Cc chc nng theo yu cu c th c kim sot bn

trong chia se bn quyn ca mt nh cung cp ng dng th ba.

Hnh 2.6 Software as a Service [10]

Mt s ng dng s dng dch v ny:

Qun l quan h khch hng (Customer Relationship Management, vit tt l

CRM). y l mt phng php gip cc doanh nghip tip cn v giao tip vi

khch hng mt cch c h thng v hiu qu, qun l cc thng tin ca khch

hng nh thng tin v ti khon, nhu cu, lin lcv.vv... nhm phc v khch hng

tt hn.

Dch v hi tho trc tuyn ( Video Conferencing )


4

K ton

H qun tr ni dung web DotNetNuke4

Li ch ln nht ca dch v ny mang li l chi ph thp. Nh cung cp dch v c th

a ra cc ng dng re hn v ng tin hn.

Ngoi ra cn mt s li ch khc nh:

S dng t nhn vin

S ty chinh: nhng ng dng trc y rt kh ty chinh v i hi hi cp nht

cc bn v li. ng dng SaaS d dng ty chinh v c th p ng chnh xc yu

cu ca t chc

Bo mt: SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) c s dng rng ri v tin cy

2.3. Cc hnh thc trin khai in ton m my

2.3.1. m my cng cng (public cloud)

L cc dch v in ton m my c mt bn th ba cung cp. Chng tn ti ngoi

tng la cng ty v c lu tr y v c nh cung cp m my qun l. Cc

m my cng cng c gng cung cp cho ngi dng vi cc phn t cng ngh thng

tin tt nht. Cho d l phn mm, c s h tng ng dng hoc c s h tng vt l,

nh cung cp m my chu trch nhim v ci t, qun l, cung cp v bo tr. Khch

hng chi chu ph cho cc ti nguyn no m h s dng, v th ti nguyn cha s dng

c loi b. Tt nhin iu ny lin quan n chi ph. Cc dch v ny thng c

cung cp vi quy c v cu hnh, ngha l chng c phn phi vi tng cung cp

cc trng hp s dng ph bin nht. Cc ty chn cu hnh thng l mt tp hp con

nh hn so vi nhng g m chng c nu ngun ti nguyn c ngi tiu dng

kim sot trc tip. Mt iu khc cn lu l k t khi ngi tiu dng c quyn kim

sot mt cht trn c s h tng, cc quy trnh i hi an ninh cht ch v tun th quy

nh di lut khng phi lc no cng thch hp cho cc m my chung.


5

Hnh 2.7 m my cng cng [11]

2.3.2. m my c nhn (private cloud)

L cc dch v m my c cung cp trong doanh nghip. Nhng m my ny tn

ti bn trong tng la cng ty v chng c doanh nghip qun l. Cc m my ring

a ra nhiu li ch ging nh cc m my chung thc hin vi s khc bit chnh:

doanh nghip c trch nhim thit lp v bo tr m my ny.

S kh khn v chi ph ca vic thit lp mt m my bn trong i khi c th c

chiu hng ngn cn vic s dng v chi ph hot ng lin tc ca m my c th

vt qu chi ph ca vic s dng mt m my chung. Cc m my c nhn a ra

nhiu li th hn so vi loi cng cng. Vic kim sot chi tit hn trn cc ti nguyn

khc nhau ang to thnh mt m my mang li cho cng ty tt c cc ty chn cu hnh

c sn. Ngoi ra, cc m my ring l l tng khi cc kiu cng vic ang c thc

hin khng thit thc cho mt m my cng cng, do ng vi cc mi quan tm v an

ninh v v qun l.


6

Hnh 2.8 m my c nhn [12]

2.3.3. m my lai (hybrid cloud)

L mt s kt hp ca cc m my cng cng v c nhn. Nhng m my ny

thng do doanh nghip to ra v cc trch nhim qun l s c phn chia gia doanh

nghip v nh cung cp m my cng cng. m my lai s dng cc dch v c trong

c khng gian cng cng v c nhn.

Cc m my lai l cu tr li khi mt cng ty cn s dng cc dch v ca c hai

m my ring v cng cng. Theo hng ny, mt cng ty c th phc tho cc mc

tiu v nhu cu ca cc dch v v nhn c chng t m my cng cng hay c nhn,

khi thch hp.

Mt m my lai c xy dng tt c th phc v cc quy trnh nhim v-ti hn, an

ton, nh nhn cc khon thanh ton ca khch hng, cng nh nhng th l khng quan

trng bng kinh doanh, nh x l bng lng nhn vin.

Hn ch chnh vi m my ny l s kh khn trong vic to ra v qun l c hiu qu

mt gii php nh vy.


7

Hnh 2.9 m my lai [13]

2.3.4. m my cng ng (community cloud)

L cc m my c chia se bi mt s t chc v h tr mt cng ng c th c

mi quan tm chung (v d nh chung s mnh, yu cu an ninh, chnh sch, v.v... ). N

c th c qun l bi cc t chc hoc mt bn th ba.

Mt m my cng ng c th c thit lp bi mt s t chc c yu cu tng t v

tm cch chia se c s h tng thc hin mt s li ch ca in ton m my. Ty

chn ny l tn km hn nhng c th p ng v s ring t, an ninh hoc tun th cc

chnh sch tt hn.


8

Hnh 2.10 m my cng ng [14]

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Ly thuyet tong quan ve Cloud computing