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Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation before and after endoscopy IM R3 고영선 IM1 pf. 민양원

Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

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Page 1: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Management of patients with antiplatelet and

anticoagulation before and after endoscopy

IM R3 고영선 IM1 pf. 민양원

Page 2: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation
Page 3: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Guidelines..

1. 내시경 검사 또는 시술 종류에 따른 출혈 위험성

2. 환자의 기저질환에 따른 혈전 또는 색전의 위험성

3. 사용하고 있는 약제의 종류에 따라

Page 4: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Procedure risk for bleeding

Page 5: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation
Page 6: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Risk of thrombosis

Page 7: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation
Page 8: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Antiplatelet agents

• For all endoscopic procedures : continuing aspirin

– Exception : ESD, large colonic EMR (>2cm), upper GI EMR, ampullectomy

• For high-risk endoscopic procedures

– Low thrombotic risk : P2Y12 receptor antagonists(clopidogrel) 5일전 중단

dual antiplatelet 치료 중엔 aspirin만 유지

– High thrombotic risk : aspirin 유지, P2Y12 receptor antagonists는

risk/benefit 을 고려하여 순환기 내과 의견 문의

Page 9: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Aspirin

• Be safe in colonoscopic polypectomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy

• ESD, large(>20mm) colonic EMR : increased risk of hemorrhage

• upper GI EMR : high risk of hemorrhage

• Secondary prevention 으로 aspirin 복용하는 경우 primary prevention 으로 복용하는 환자보다 aspirin 중단 시 thrombotic risk 증가

– Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event의 risk가 3배로 증가

– 70% 는 aspirin 중단 7-10일 이내 발생

Page 10: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Clopidogrel

• The interlinked processes of platelet deposition, adherence, and aggregation are

central to the initiation of the process of thrombus formation in the arterial

system.

• antiplatelet action of clopidogrel is irreversible and platelet function has been

demonstrated to return to normal 5–7days after withdrawal of clopidogrel, based

on the regenerative production of clopidogrel-naive platelets

Page 11: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Prasugrel and ticagrelor

• Newer, more potent and more rapidly acting agents than clopidogrel

• Prasugrel : thienopyridine, like clopidogrel

• Ticagrelor : different class agent, reversible

Page 12: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Ischaemic heart disease and coronary artery stents

• To prevent stent thrombosis DAPT

– Drug-eluting stent(DES) : 12 mo

– Bare metal stent : 1 mo

Lifetime aspirin should be prescribed

• The risk of stent thrombosis increases after 5 days without antiplatelet therapy

Page 13: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Recommendations for DAPT

Page 14: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation
Page 15: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Anticoagulant

• Warfarin : 5일간 중단한 경우 93% 에서 INR 1.5 이하로 감소

• The absolute risk of an embolic event in patients whose anticoagulation is

interrupted for 4 to 7 days is approximately 1%.

• Warfarin 중단 시 4-7일 이내 반드시 재복용 시작

Page 16: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Bridging therapy

• UFH IV

– half-life 60-90min, 중단 3-4 시간 후 anticoagulant effect 사라짐

– 시술 2-6 시간 내 restart

• LMWH(enoxaparin, dalteparin) SC

– 시술 48 시간 후 restart (2012 ACCP guidelines)

Page 17: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Bridging therapy - indication

Page 18: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Discontinuing warfarin for gastric ESD

3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4

Skip warfarin

Enoxaparin 1mg/kg

(outpatient, if possible)

Restart warfarin

Gastric ESD

Discharge

Page 19: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Direct oral anticoagulants • Direct thrombin inh. (Dabigatran)

• Direct factor Xa inh. (Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban)

• For low-risk endoscopic procedures : 시술 당일 아침에만 중단

– 개인차가 있으나 복용 후 2-6시간에 peak level을 갖기 때문에 아침에 skip 하면 trough level 에서 biopsy sample이 가능함

• For high-risk endoscopic procedures

: 적어도 시술 48시간 전에 중단

: dabigatran : CCr 30-50mL/min 은 72시간 전에 중단

: 복용 후 3시간 이내 therapeutic dose 에 도달하기 때문에 시술 24-48시간 후에 재복용 시작

Page 20: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

• VKA 와 비교하여 overall risk of major hemorrhage (특히 intracranial bleeding) 50% 감소

• Dabigatran, rivaroxaban

: warfarin 과 비교하여 GI bleeding incidence 가 증가

• Bridging therapy : bleeding event 증가, thromboembolic event 에는 차이 없음.

• Triple antithrombotic therapy

: endoscopoy 에 대한 data 없음. 내시경이 꼭 필요한 경우 순환기 내과, 신경과 등 협진 필요

Page 21: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

Management of bleeding patients treated with DOACs

• Not severe bleeding : 일시적 중단

• Severe bleeding (resuscitation intervention 필요한 경우)

: 마지막 DOACs 복용시간 확인, CCr 고려하여 반감기 계산

: Protamine sulphate, vit K : no effect

: tranexamic acid : would be reasonable in some patients

: prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) : life-threatening bleeding 있

는 경우

Page 22: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation
Page 23: Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation …endotoday.com/endotoday/topic_09.pdf · 2016-12-21 · Management of patients with antiplatelet and anticoagulation

감사합니다