MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RULE-BASED TECHNIQUE...para ibu yang tidak menyedari akan pentingnya makanan dan minuman yang betul sepanjang tempoh berpantang. Jadi, mereka tidak perlu risau

MOTHER’S CONFINEMENT AND BABY GROWTH

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RULE-BASED TECHNIQUE

INTAN SHAFIZA BINTI RUSLI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2020

MOTHER’S CONFINEMENT AND BABY GROWTH

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RULE-BASED TECHNIQUE

INTAN SHAFIZA BINTI RUSLI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

JULY 2020

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations

and citations, which have been acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at University Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

________________________________

Name : ………………………………

Date : ………………………………

ii

CONFIRMATION

This confirmation is to confirm that this project entitled Mother’s Confinement and

Baby’s Growth Management System Using Rule Based Technique was prepared and

submitted by Intan Shafiza Binti Rusli (Matric Number: BTAL17047172) and has

been satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Development) with

Honors in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). The research conducted and the

writing of this report was under my supervisor.

_____________________________

Name : Pn.Rohana Binti Ismail

Date : …………………………

iii

DEDICATION

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah all

praise to Allah s.w.t, I completely finish writing this final year project thesis. This

project could not have been finished without the support, encouragement and

cooperation of my friends, supervisor, parents and other peoples. Here I would like to

thank a lot to my dedicated supervisor, Puan Rohana Binti Ismail, who has always

given ideas and help me a lot in developing this project successfully despite of lack of

time. Last but not least, I want to thank all my friends especially my group that helped

me through this project with their support.

Thankyou.

iv

ABSTRACT

Each person has their own personal health report book whether it is saved at the

hospitals or clinics. Besides, it is given to parents after the birth of their child. As for

babies, the health report is used to record and save all their details such as weight,

height, immunization schedule and their growth development. This health report book

is important since it keeps the information about the baby and also the mother. Parents

need to bring the book every time they have appointment with the doctors. In some

cases, there are possibilities of losing the report book. Hence, some parents tend to

lose their baby’s report book and did not remember the exact date of the appointment

for their baby. Besides, parents usually had difficulties to detect symptoms that shown

by their baby. Therefore, this system applied rule-based technique in order to make

the system to detect symptoms whether the baby having a serious illness or not. As for

the mother, there are few of them that are not aware of the importance of having the

right food and drinks during their confinement period. Some of them did not have

much time to know the details about it. So, they will have no worries about not having

the right diet during confinement sine this system will provide suitable menus for

them. This system is also proposed to help the doctors or nurses to set and record the

date of the baby’s immunization and their growth development. It will give

notifications as reminder for parents about their baby’s next immunization

appointment.

v

ABSTRAk

Setiap orang mempunyai buku laporan kesihatan diri sama ada disimpan di hospital

atau klinik. Selain itu, ia diberikan kepada ibu bapa setelah kelahiran anak mereka.

Laporan kesihatan bayi digunakan untuk merekod dan menyimpan maklumat seperti

berat badan, ketinggian, jadual imunisasi dan perkemgbangannya. Buku laporan

kesihatan penting kerana mempunyai maklumat bayi dan juga si ibu. Ibu bapa perlu

membawa buku tersebut setiap kali mereke berjumpa dengan doktor. Dalam beberapa

kes, akan berlaku kehilangan buku laporan kesihatan. Ibu bapa cenderung kehilangan

buku laporan bayi mereka dan akan lupa tarikh janji temu bayi mereka. Selain itu, ibu

bapa biasanya menghadapi masalah untuk mengesan gejala yang ditunjukkan oleh

bayi mereka. Oleh itu, sistem ini menerapkan Teknik berdasarkan peraturan untuk

membuat sistem mengesan keadaan kesihatan bayi sama ada teruk atau tidak. Bagi

para ibu yang tidak menyedari akan pentingnya makanan dan minuman yang betul

sepanjang tempoh berpantang. Jadi, mereka tidak perlu risau untuk tidak menjalani

diet yang betul semasa bersalin kerana sistem ini akan menyediakan menu yang

sesuai untuk mereka. Sistem ini juga dicadangkan untuk membantu doktor atau

jururawat untuk menetapkan dan mencatat tarikh temu janji imunisasi bayi dan

perkembangannya. Hal ini, akan diberi sebagai peringatan kepada ibu bapa

mengenai temu janji bayi mereka yang seterusnya.

vi

CONTENTS

PAGE

DECLARATION i

COMFIRMATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xiiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope 4

1.4.1 Admin/Doctor 4

1.4.2 Nurse/Staff 4

vii

1.4.3 Parents/User 4

1.5 Limitation of Work 5

1.6 Expected Result 5

1.7 Gantt Chart 6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Literature Review 8

2.3 Solution Approach 13

2.3.1 Rule-Based System (RBS) 13

2.3.2 Algorithms 15

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 19

3.2 Requirement Analysis 20

3.3 Methodology 20

3.3.1 Initial Planning Phase 21

3.3.2 Planning Phase 21

3.3.3 Requirement Phase 21

3.3.4 Analysis and Design Phase 22

3.3.5 Implementation Phase 22

viii

3.3.6 Testing Phase 22

3.3.7 Evaluation Phase 23

3.3.8 Deployment Phase 23

3.4 System Requirements 24

3.4.1 Software Requirement 24

3.4.2 Hardware Requirement 24

3.5 Framework Design 25

3.6 System Design and Modelling 26

3.7 Context Diagram 27

3.8 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 28

3.8.1 DFD LEVEL 0 28

3.8.2 DFD LEVEL 1 30

3.9 Entities Relationship Diagram (ERD) 36

3.9.1 Data Dictionary 38

CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction 42

4.2 Implementation of health condition checker System 43

4.3 Interface Design 44

4.3.1 Admin Interface 44

ix

4.3.2 Nurse/Staff Interface 49

4.3.3 Parents/User Interface 56

4.4 Testing Analysis 61

4.4.1 Black Box Testing 61

4.4.2 White Box Testing 61

4.5 Test Case 62

4.5.1 Login 62

4.5.2 Admin 64

4.5.3 Nurse/Staff 66

4.5.4 Parents/User 71

4.5 Summary 72

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction 73

5.2 System Contribution 74

5.3 Result Discussion 74

5.4 Project Constraint and Limitation 75

5.5 Future Work 75

REFERENCES 76

APPENDIX 78

x

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1.1 Gantt Chart 6

2.1 Comparison of existing applications and system 8-12

2.2 Example of Rule-based algorithm 15-17

3.1 Software Requirement for Development 24

3.2 Hardware Requirement for Development 24

4.1 Table case for Admin Login 58

4.2 Table case for Nurse/Staff Login 59

4.3 Table case for Parents Login 59

4.4 Table case for Add Nurse 60

4.5 Table case for Update Nurse 60

4.6 Table case for Delete Nurse 61

4.7 Table case for Update Admin Profile 61

4.8 Table case for Add Parents 62

4.9 Table case for Update Parents 62

xi

4.10 Table case for Delete Parents 63

4.11 Table case for Add Baby 63

4.12 Table case for Update Baby 64

4.13 Table case for Delete Baby 64

4.14 Table case for Add Growth 65

4.15 Table case for Update Growth 65

4.16 Table case for Set Appointment 66

4.17 Table case for Add/Upload Confinement Menu 66

4.18 Table case for Update Nurse/Staff Profile 67

4.19 Table case for Symptoms Checker 67

4.20 Table case for View Baby Details and Appointment Date 68

4.21 Table case for View Confinement Menu 68

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

3.1 Iterative Model 20

3.2 Framework Design Model 25

3.3 Context Diagram 27

3.4 DFD LEVEL 0 29

3.5.1 DFD Level 1 Manage Nurse 30

3.5.2 DFD Manage Baby 31

3.5.3 DFD Manage Parents 32

3.5.4 DFD Manage Immunization 33

3.5.5 DFD Manage Growth 34

3.5.6 DFD Manage Confinement menu 35

3.6.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 36

3.6.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Model 37

3.7.1 Data Dictionary for Admin 38

3.7.2 Data Dictionary for Nurse 38

xiii

3.7.3 Data Dictionary for Parents 39

3.7.4 Data Dictionary for Baby 39

3.7.5 Data Dictionary for Growth 39

3.7.6 Data Dictionary for Immunization 40

3.7.7 Data Dictionary for Notification/Reminder 40

3.7.8 Data Dictionary for Symptoms 40

3.7.9 Data Dictionary for Disease 41

3.7.10 Data Dictionary for Image of Confinement menu 42

4.1 Login as main interface for all users 44

4.2.1 Admin’s Homepage interface 45

4.2.2 Add/Register Nurse interface 45

4.2.3 View Nurse interface 46

4.2.4 Search Nurse Interface 46

4.2.5 Update and delete Nurse details interface 47

4.2.6 Update profile (Admin) interface 47

4.2.7 Change Password (Admin) interface 48

4.3.1 Nurse/Staff’s Homepage interface 49

4.3.2 Add Parents interface 49

4.3.3 Update and delete parent’s details interface 50

xiv

4.3.4 Add Baby interface 51

4.3.5 Update and delete growth details interface 51

4.3.6 Add Growth interface 52

4.3.7 Set immunization appointment interface 52

4.3.8 Update and delete appointment interface 53

4.3.9 Send reminder/email to parent’s interface 53

4.3.10 Add Confinement Menu interface. 54

4.3.11 Update profile (Nurse/Staff) interface 54

4.3.12 Change Password (Nurse/Staff) interface 55

4.4.1 Parents/User’s Homepage interface 55

4.4.2 Symptoms checker interface 56

4.4.3 Result for the symptoms checker interface 57

4.4.4 Result for the symptoms checker interface (continued) 57



4.4.7 View confinement menu interface 59

4.4.8 Update profile (Parents/User) interface 59

4.4.9 Change Password (Parents/User) interface 60

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Immunization is an injection that helps to protect from hepatitis B, diphtheria,

tetanus, whooping cough, and other diseases. Parents usually tend to forget the exact

date for their baby’s immunization. So, this system will make sure that they are more

aware about the date a day before the actual date of immunization as it will be given a

notification about it. Besides, hospitals and clinics usually prepared a health report

book for each person who comes for check-up. Same goes for the baby. The hospitals

or clinics will update the appointment for the next immunization in the report book

and give it to the parents. In some case, there are possibilities of losing the report book.

In other word, it means that there are also possibilities that the information will be

missing.

Some woman that did not have much time to know the details about the food that

they should eat during confinement. So, this system will provide menus that are

suitable for women who are under confinement and the healthy diet for them.

2

1.2 Problem Statement

People are still using manual way to record all the data by using health report

book when there are possibilities of losing the report book. Parents usually tend to

forget the exact date for their baby’s immunization. Besides, when people go to

another clinic, the clinic have to provide new health report book since they are new

comers. So, they did not have any details or personal information about baby or

patient. Moreover, parents usually tend to face the difficulties to detect symptoms that

shown by their baby. Next, some woman did not have much time to know the details

about the food that they should and should not eat during confinement. Other than that,

some of them cannot control their desire of eating so much but wanted to take care of

their health during the confinement period with a healthy diet.

3

1.3 Objective

The objectives of this system are identified as below:

a) To design and propose a system that will helps the doctors or nurses from the

clinic or hospital to set and record the date of the baby’s immunization and their

growth development.

b) To implement a rule-based system in detecting health condition of the baby from

any symptoms that they show.

c) To evaluate the functionality of the system whether it can detect the baby’s health

condition and remind parents about the date of immunization or not.

4

1.4 Scope

The scope of this mobile applications are Admin/Doctor, Nurse/Staff, and

Parents/User.

1.4.1 Admin/Doctor

i. The system allows the admin/doctor to register the nurse/staff that assigned for

the appointment.

1.4.2 Nurse/Staff

i. The system allows the nurse/staff to update the date of the immunizations and

healthy diet menus for mother’s confinement.

ii. The system allows the nurse/staff to save and generate the report of the baby.

1.4.3 Parents/User

i. The system allows users to view all the information.

ii. The system will give notification to the user/parents about the date of the baby’s

immunization.

iii. The system will detect health condition from the baby by checking the symptoms

that has recorded.

5

1.5 Limitation of Work

a) The system can only detect a health condition from the symptoms that has been

recorded but it did not diagnose the exact result or specific diseases.

b) This system is only used for the baby and women who are needed a healthy diet

menus or guide on the confinement period.

1.6 Expected Result

a) Rule-based can be implemented to know the baby’s health condition from the

baby by checking symptoms that has been shown by the baby.

b) The system will record and remind the parents about the date of immunization of

the baby and also their growth development.

c) This system will help people to have a healthy diet menu for those who are under

confinement period.

6

1.7 Gantt Chart

Table 1,1 below shows the Gantt chart of activities for the final year project report

which is Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System from week 1

until week 15.

Table 1.1 show Gantt Chart

7

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, it will describe and explains about the literature review on the

technique that is used in developing a system. The main purpose in this chapter is to

identify research methods that is applied in the project. Besides, we will be discussed

on the previous research of the existing mobile applications or system. Hence, this

literature review will be carried out as references in the development of the purposed

system.

8

2.2 Literature Review

The literature review is where the comparison with a few existing applications and

system with its advantages and disadvantages as shown as Table 2.1 below.

Table 2.1: Comparison of existing applications and system.

TITLE/

AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

1) Rule Base

Expert System

using Dfs For

Medical

Diagnosis /

Ashwini

P.Bangad,

Satish

L.Thombare/2

014 [1]

Rule based is one of

artificial intelligence

(AI). AI has become a

very well-known topic

of research and there

are lots of system that

have been developed in

various domains to

assist human for

different problems.

There are two types of

rule base: forward

chain and backward

chain.

1) Changes to

knowledge-base can

be made easily by

subject experts

without

programmer

intervention.

2) Reducing the

cost of software

maintenance to

ensure the changes

are made in the way

they were intended.

3) The language is

used to express a

rule is closed to the

1) Rule based expert

system does not

have the ability to

learn from

experiences.

9

languages the

subject experts use

to describe the

problem solutions.

2) Smart

Phone

Preventive

Health Care:

Parental Use

of an

Immunization

Reminder

System/

Jessica L.

Peck, Peck,

DNP, RN,

CPNP-PC,

CNE, Marietta

Stanton, &

George E. S.

Reynolds,E.

S. Reynolds,

MD, FAAP /

2012 [2]

The study examined the

feasibility of using a

smart phone

application

recall/reminder system

for immunizations

given in pediatric

primary care. A

convenience sample of

parents and caregivers

was recruited from a

primary care pediatric.

Participants used an

Android smart phone

application that served

as reminder system for

vaccinations and

provides reliable

information about

vaccines.

1) The application

is based on the

Health Belief

Model, a widely

used theory of

behavior change.

2) Each

immunization is

hyperlink to current

Vaccine

Information

Statements provided

by the CDC so that

parents/caregivers

may access

information and

potentially

assimilate a list of

questions before the

provider visit.

1) This apps only

provide the most

current

immunization

schedule as

recommended by the

Texas Department of

Health.

10

3) A Newborn

Baby Care

Support App

and System

for mHealth/

Ming-Chuan

Kuo, R.N.,

M.S,

Yen-Chiao

Lu, R.N.,

Ph.D., Polun

Chang,

Ph.D. / 2012

[3]

This study was to

develop a

usability-engineered

mhealth application for

a mother with

new-born baby and to

evaluate its acceptance

Special interface design

principles were used

for enhancing usability.

App data were

transmitted to an

Excel-based server for

management. Systems

were evaluated in a

800-bed medical center

in Taiwan with a

questionnaire designed

based on the

Technology

Acceptance Model for

Mobile Service.

1) This app can

provide mother an

easy and handy tool

within her mobile

phone

to document her

baby’s health status

and growth patterns.

2) Can make and

keep baby’s

vaccination record

with this app.

1) Provides

documentation space

only enough for

parents and

providers to record

one checkup episode

per

month

2) This system was

evaluated only in

Taiwan.

11

4) GrowthBoo

k. Growth

Development

milestones,

Vaccination

for 0 to 5

years child.

(existing apps)

Growth Book Apps

was develop with a

vision of educating

parents about child's

growth and

development. it will

guide parents about the

normal growing pattern

for children with age

group 0 to 5 years. This

apps can track a child's

height, weight, head

circumference, arm

cicurference as well as

vaccination shedule.

1) Made, edited and

updated by team of

doctors.

2) Each information

available is very

precise,scientific,

reliable and

accurate.

3) Easy to find and

understand things in

the application.

1) Cannot disable

the alarm and

notification on

setting even if we set

as disable.

2) This apps only

works for several

devices only.

5) MummyTu

mmy -

Pregnancy

Food

(existing apps)

MummuyTummy helps

to determine which

foods are bad,okay, and

good for people and

helps to create a

healthy pregnancy diet.

for each food there is

1) Provides a lot of

food based on the

worst food and the

best foods.

2) Provide info and

description why it is

good or bad.

1) Does not have

specific examples

listed as to foods that

you should and

should not eat.

2) The description of

the foods were

12

an info and description

why it is good or bad. it

is a simple pregnancy

food app guide that can

help for any woman.

extremely limited

and not very helpful.

6) Electronic

Resources

About Infant

Growth for

Parents and

Pediatric

Trainees

Overestimate

Normal

Growth,

William N.

Marshall,

MD/2016 [4]

Parents often seek

advice about infant care

and growth from the

internet, besides, parent

advice sites there is

differ about normal

infant weight gains.

Pediatric and other

child health

professional often use

various published ways

and shortcuts in order

to explain infant

growth for them both.

1) The growth is

more accurate since

it was provided by

the experts.

1) Requires more

sophisticated

understanding

mathematics than

other parents would

have known and

often misinterpreted.

13

2.3 Solution Approach

Solution approach is where we explain about the possible approach that will be

choose in this system. In order to find the solutions, we need to identify the

approaches whether it is capable of implement or not. Thus, the technique that we will

be using is Rule-Based System (RBS).

2.3.1 Rule-Based System (RBS)

Confinement is where women will have their time to rests and avoids any

physical work about 30 to 40 days after gave birth of a child. Thus, they need to eat

food that are suitable for them during the confinement period. Meanwhile, baby

growth management is where the management of the growth of a child or baby will be

recorded and analyse whether their growth is normal or not for baby at his or her age.

For example, weight, length, height, and others. Thus, baby usually shows a few

symptoms that might not good for his or her health but some parents might not know

whether it is good or bad sign for their baby. Therefore, in order to know whether the

symptoms that are shown dangerous or not, this Mother’s Confinement and Baby

Growth Management System applied the Rule-based technique to solve the problems.

Rule-based system is one kind of Artificial Intelligence (AI) where it has

become a very well-known topic in this era. Marvin Minsky once said “There are

three basic approaches to AI: Case-based, Rule-based, and the connection reasoning”.

It can be used to create software that will provide answer to a problem in place of a

human experts. Rule-based system is a set of “IF-THEN” statements that uses a set of

14

assertions, to which rule how to act upon the assertions created. The rule as the

“IF-THEN” structure that related to the given information or facts in the “IF” part of

some action in the “THEN” part. A rule provides description on how to solve a

problem.

A conventional rule-based expert system consists of four major components. The

rule is just an expression of having a set of conditions on the left-hand side, which is

when evaluated to TRUE it can be derived to an action on the right-hand side. There

are few advantages and disadvantages of using rule-based technique. Firstly, the

advantage of the rule-based system is that users will have no worries about the system

availability since it is not the issue that they should focus on. Next, in terms of the end

result for the system is usually accurate and cost efficient. In terms of speed, the

system can be optimized by the user as they already know most of the parts of the

system where it is not a problem for the system to produce output in a few second.

Besides, rule-based can reduced the amount of risk in terms of the system accuracy.

Meanwhile, the disadvantage is that the rule-based system needs a guidance as it

demands deep knowledge of domain. Based on the capacity, the system will have to

generate result as per rules to make less learning capacity of the system and it is quite

difficult and time consuming to generates rules for a complex system.

15

2.3.2 Algorithms

Table 2.2 below shows the structure of algorithm to be implement in the Mother’s

Confinement and Baby Growth Management System using Rule-based technique:

Table 2.2: Example of Rule-based algorithm for Mother’s Confinement and Baby

Growth Management System.

symptom = { ‘runny nose’, ‘fever’, ‘sneezing’, ‘coughing’, ‘decreased appetite’,

‘irritability’, ‘difficulty sleeping’, ‘didn’t wet many diapers’, ‘high

temperature’, ‘ear pain’, ‘red eyes’, ‘trouble breathing’, ‘persistent

cough’, ‘thick, green nasal for several days’, ‘hard cough causing

vomiting’, ‘change skin colour’, ‘coughs up blood-tinged sputum’,

‘difficulty breathing or bluish around the lips’}

If ($symptom == ‘runny nose’){

Write out condition is ‘Go to see doctor’

}

If ($symptom == ‘fever’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘sneezing’){


}

16

If ($symptom == ‘coughing’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘decreased appetite’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘irritability’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘difficulty sleeping’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘didn’t wet many diapers’){

Write out condition is ‘Call the doctor’

}

If ($symptom == ‘high temperature’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘ear pain’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘red eyes’){


}

17

If ($symptom == ‘trouble breathing’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘persistent cough’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘thick,green nasal for several days’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘hard cough causing vomiting’ ){

Write out condition is ‘Seek for Medical help immediately’

}

If ($symptom == ‘change skin color’ ){


}

If ($symptom == ‘coughs up blood-tinged sputum’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘difficulty breathing or bluish around the lips’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘runny nose’&&$symptom == ‘fever’){


18

}

If ($symptom == ‘runny nose’&&$symptom == ‘sneezing’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘runny nose’&&$symptom == ‘coughing’){


}

If ($symptom == ‘runny nose’&&$symptom == ‘decreased appetite’){


}

19

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will be explaining the concept of methodology in system

development which is iterative model. Software development also considered as a

subset of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) where the splitting work or

activity into a few phases for a better activity management of the system development.

This will explain the phases that occur in the chosen methodology for Mother’s

Confinement and Baby Growth Management System.

20

3.2 Requirement Analysis

A software development methodology needs to be chosen as wisely as possible in

order to have a better planning on the process flow of the system development. There

are few types of model in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) where the

chosen model for Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System is

iterative model. This model starts with initial planning and ends with deployment.

3.3 Methodology

The methodology is the explanation of each phases that involves for the

developing of Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System. The

phases are initial planning, requirements, analysis and design, implementation, testing,

evaluation and deployment as shown from Figure 3.1 below.

Figure 3.1: Iterative Model.

21

3.3.1 Initial Planning Phase

The initial planning phase is where the idea of Mother’s Confinement and Baby

Growth Management System is generated for a few reasons such as to help the clinics

or hospitals to record baby’s immunization and growth, and also to provide menus for

women who are under confinement.

3.3.2 Planning Phase

In this phase which is the planning phase, it is where the brainstorming about

Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System occurs such as

recognize and analyse the problem statement, objective, and the scope for the system.

Thus, the problems are people still using manual way to record data by using report

book when there are possibilities of losing the report book. Next, parents tend to

forget the exact date for their baby’s immunization and also some woman did not have

time to know the details about the food that they need during confinement.

3.3.3 Requirement Phase

The requirement phase is the phase where all the related data about Rule-based

are gathered by referring to the articles, journals, internet and other research paper.

This related paper usually used as guideline in order to develop the Mother’s

Confinement and Baby Growth Management System. Besides, all information and

details about immunization will be gathered in order to design the system.

22

3.3.4 Analysis and Design Phase

Based on the previous phase, the requirements for Mother’s Confinement and

Baby Growth Management System and its data are transformed into design that

follows the required requirement which is build diagram such as Context Diagram,

Entities Relationship Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, and also the data directory. There

are eight main entities that involved in the system which are Admin, Nurse/Staff,

Parents/Users, baby, immunization, growth, notification, and mother’s confinement

menu,

3.3.5 Implementation Phase

For the implementation phase, it is where the effective process for Mother’s

Confinement and Baby Growth Management System are implemented using

Rule-based System as its technique. Once everything has to be chosen to be

implement, the system has to be tested. The decisions from the analysis and design

phase will influence how the implementation phase will be actually carried out.

3.3.6 Testing Phase

This phase is where the testing occurs. After implementation has been done. Test

the Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System Using Rule-based

System in order to know if the implementation that has been decide from the analysis

and design phase is actually accurate, suitable or not for the system. The system is

tested and bugs is fixed to determine whether the system meets the requirements.

23

3.3.7 Evaluation Phase

In the evaluation phase, it is where the effectiveness of the implementation and

services of the Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System Using

Rule-based System were analysed. Besides, the effectiveness of the system is

determined whether the process of the system follows the goals and delivered as it

supposed to the users. Thus, this phase is important to evaluate the performance of the

system. If the performance is slow, there will repair and rebuild the weakness of the

system.

3.3.8 Deployment Phase

Deployment is the phase where the process of the Mother’s Confinement and

Baby Growth Management System Using Rule-based System is ready to be used by

users. Hence, when the system is confirmed stable or ready to be used, it will be

observed or reviewed whether the system meets with the objectives in order to fulfil

their needs.

24

3.4 System Requirements

3.4.1 Software Requirement

Table 3.1 : Software Requirement for Development

Software Description

1) Microsoft Office Power Point ⚫ Tool to create presentation slide

2) Microsoft Office Word ⚫ Tool to write proposal and report

3) Chrome ⚫ To run or preview the system

4) Snipping Tool ⚫ Tool for screenshot

5) Notepad++ ⚫ For programming and develop system

6) XAMPP ⚫ Server to run localhost

7) MySQL ⚫ For system database

3.4.2 Hardware Requirement

Table 3.2 : Hardware Requirement for Development

Hardware Description

1) Asus Intel® CORE I5 (laptop) ⚫ Used to develop and run the proposed system.

2) Windows Edition ⚫ Windows 10

3) Memory ⚫ 4GB RAM Memory

4) Type of operating system(OS) ⚫ 64-bit Operating System (Windows OS)

25

3.5 Framework Design

Figure 3.2 below shows the framework design of Mother’s Confinement and

Baby Growth Management System using Rule-based. This framework explains the

main process that occurs in the system in easy way. There are 3 main elements which

are Admin, Nurse, and Parents/User that will save directly into the database where

Admin will only register nurse. Nurse will register parents and baby, manage

immunization, manage baby’s growth, manage mother’s confinement menu and

generate report also send a reminder for parents while parents can view all

information about their baby’s details also check their baby’s health condition.

Figure 3.2 : Framework Design Model.

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3.6 System Design and Modelling

The process or flow of the system is organized in order to make the development

process easier and smoother. The representation data are called as conceptual data

modelling. It is used to display the data structure. The data modelling process involves

the graphical representation of the functions and also processes in the system before

the development of the system occurs. Based on Mother’s Confinement and Baby

Growth Management System, the Context Diagram (CD) and Data Flow Diagram

(DFD) shows the physical design of the system while the Entities Relationship

Diagram (ERD) act as the logical design of the system.

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3.7 Context Diagram

The Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System consists of 4

entities which are Admin, Nurse, Users and Parents. Firstly, Admin can register the

clinic’s nurses into the system. The nurse will be able to manage the baby’s details,

immunizations, provide mother’s confinement menus and generate the report while

parents, they are able to manage their details, manage baby’s details and view report.

The context diagram for the system is shown as Figure 3.3 below.

Figure 3.3: Context Diagram

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3.8 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

3.8.1 DFD LEVEL 0

The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 shows the main process and functions

that occurs in the system. The DFD for the Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth

Management System can be refers from Figure 3.4. This system used three (3) entities

in DFD Level 0 which are Admin, Nurse and Parents. There are nine (9) total of

processes that involved in the system which are manage nurse, manage parents,

manage baby, manage immunization, manage symptoms, manage growth, manage

confinement menu, manage notification/reminder and manage report. The Admin has

one (1) major process which are manage nurse and manage and manage parents while

the nurse has eight (8) major process which are manage baby, manage parents,

manage growth, manage immunizations, manage symptoms, manage

notifications/reminder, manage confinement menu and manage report.

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Figure 3.4: DFD LEVEL 0

30

3.8.2 DFD LEVEL 1

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1 shows details of the process flow that

involves in Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System which are

manage nurse, manage baby, manage parents, manage immunization, manage growth,

and manage confinement menu.

3.8.2.1 Manage Nurse

Figure 3.5.1 shows the flow for the process of managing nurse. Admin can add

nurse, delete nurse, update nurse and view nurse.

Figure 3.5.1 : DFD Level 1 Manage Nurse.

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3.8.2.2 Manage Baby

Figure 3.5.2 shows the DFD for manage baby. The nurse can update, add, view

and delete baby while parents can only update their baby’s details. Hence, all data will

be stored in baby’s database.

Figure 3.5.2 : DFD Manage Baby.

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3.8.2.3 Manage Parents

Figure 3.5.3 shows the DFD foe manage parents. Nurse can add, delete, update

and view parent details and information while the parents can only update their

details.

Figure 3.5.3 : DFD Manage Parents.

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3.8.2.4 Manage Immunization

Figure 3.5.4 shows DFD for manage immunization. The nurse can add, update,

delete and view immunization while parents can only view the immunization details.

Figure 3.5.4 : DFD Manage Immunization.

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3.8.2.5 Manage Growth

Figure 3.5.5 below shows the DFD for manage growth. Nurse can add, update,

delete, and view baby growth while the parents can only view the growth information.

Figure 3.5.5 : DFD Manage Growth.

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3.8.2.6 Manage Confinement Menu

Figure 3.5.6 below shows the DFD for manage confinement menu. The nurse can

add, update, delete, and view the confinement menu’s details while the parents can

only view the confinement menu.

Figure 3.5.6: DFD Manage Confinement menu.

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3.9 Entities Relationship Diagram (ERD)

ERD is one of representative diagram that shows the relationship between entities

in the system. For this system, there are nine entities within the system which are

Admin, User, Parents, Nurse, Baby, Growth, Immunization, Symptoms and

Notifications. The ERD for Mother’s Confinement & Baby Growth Management

System is shown as Figure 3.6.1 below.

Figure 3.6.1: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD).

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Figure 3.6.2: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Model.

38

3.9.1 Data Dictionary

A data dictionary is a file that contains a database metadata. It contains records

about the objects in the database such as data relationship and other data. Hence, the

database management system software needs the data dictionary to access the data

within the database.

Figure 3.7.1: Data Dictionary for Admin.

Figure 3.7.2: Data Dictionary for Nurse

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Figure 3.7.3: Data Dictionary for Parents

Figure 3.7.4: Data Dictionary for Baby

Figure 3.7.5: Data Dictionary for Growth.

40

Figure 3.7.6: Data Dictionary for Immunization.

Figure 3.7.7: Data Dictionary for Notification/Reminder.

Figure 3.7.8: Data Dictionary for Symptoms.

Figure 3.7.9: Data Dictionary for Disease.

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Figure 3.7.10: Data Dictionary for Image of Confinement menu.

42

CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction

The implementation is the process of carrying out, execute, testing or practice of

method used, model or design according to the specification given based on the user

requirement. The purpose of this chapter is to shows and explain the flow of the

system through the development process which is for the Mother’s Confinement and

Baby’s Growth Management System Using Rule Based Technique. The technique that

is used which is the rule-based technique is implemented in the symptoms checker for

baby. It is used to detect the probabilities of diseases based on scale and shows the

health condition of the baby based on the symptoms shown by them.

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4.2 Implementation of baby’s symptoms checker

The Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System is develop

using English language. For the interface design, Html is used. For the programming

language, this system used PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) language. PHP is widely

used because it is an open source for general-purpose scripting language, can be

embedded into HTML and it suits for Web development. It is also easy to understand.

The rule-based technique is implemented for the baby’ symptoms checker where

parents have to tick whether yes or no for each symptom that given based on their

baby’s condition. The result will come out after parents click the check button. The

result that came out are the scale of the probabilities of the diseases that the baby

might have and also the condition level of the baby foe each disease that he or she

might have. The condition level is divided by 4 types, low, fair, moderate and strong.

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4.3 Interface Design

The interface Design for the Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth

Management System is shown as below. The interface is developed based the data

decomposition and the system requirements.

4.3.1 Admin Interface

Figure 4.1: Login as main interface for all users.

Figure 4.1 show the login interface for the Mother’s Confinement and Baby

Growth Management System for Admin, Nurse/Staff and also Parents/Users. The user

does not need to choose their type of login whether admin, patient or doctor to login

the system.

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Figure 4.2.1: Admin’s Homepage interface.

Figure 4.2.1 above shows the interface for admin. After admin login by filling his

or her username and password, they will directly go to this page.

Figure 4.2.2: Add/Register Nurse Interface.

Figure 4.2.2 shows the interface for add nurse. In this interface, only admin can

add nurse or staff. The information will be saved into the database Once the new nurse

is added, the system will notify the admin if the information is successfully added.

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Figure 4.2.3: View nurse interface.

Figure 4.2.3 above show the list of nurse interface. For this interface, only admin

can view all details of the registered nurse. The list of nurses is sorted by nurse id.

Figure 4.2.4: Search nurse result interface.

Figure 4.2.4 above shows the interface of a search result for nurse. For this

interface, admin who registered to many nurse or staff and had problem scrolling the

page to find the information that they want only need to search for it.

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Figure 4.2.5: Update and delete Nurse details interface

Figure 4.2.5 above show the interface for update and delete nurse details. In this

interface only admin can update the information of the nurse. Once the information is

updated, the system will notify the admin if the information is successfully updated.

Same goes to delete, only admin can delete the details of the nurse and a pop-up

messages will appear as the data is successfully deleted.

Figure 4.2.6: Update profile interface

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Figure 4.2.6 above shows the interface for update profile of admin. In this

interface, admin that are registered can update their profile anytime. The system will

notify the admin if the profile is successfully updated.

Figure 4.2.7: Change password interface

Figure 4.2.7 above shows the interface for change password of admin. In this

interface, admin that are registered can change their password anytime. The system

will notify the admin if the password is successfully changed or not.

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4.3.2 Nurse/Staff Interface

Figure 4.3.1: Nurse/Staff’s Homepage interface

Figure 4.3.1 above shows the interface for nurse/staff. After nurse/staff login by

filling his or her username and password, they will directly go to this page.

Figure 4.3.2: Add parents interface.

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Figure 4.3.2 shows the interface for add parents. Nurse or staff will add parents.

The information will be saved into the database. If the new parents added, the system

will notify the nurse or staff if the information is successfully added.

Figure 4.3.3: Update and delete Parents details interface.

Figure 4.3.3 above show the interface for update and delete parent’s details. In

this interface, nurse or staff can update the information of the parents. Once the

information is updated, the system will notify the nurse or staff when the information

is successfully updated. Nurse or staff can delete the details of the parents and a

pop-up messages will appear as the data is successfully deleted.

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Figure 4.3.4: Add baby interface

Figure 4.3.4 shows the interface for add baby. Nurse or staff will add baby into

the system. The information will be saved into the database. If the new baby is added,

the system will notify the nurse or staff if the information is successfully added.

Figure 4.3.5: Update and delete baby’s details interface.

Figure 4.3.5 above show the interface for update and delete baby’s details. In this

interface, nurse or staff can update the information of the baby. Once the information

is updated, the system will notify the nurse or staff when the information is

52

successfully updated. Nurse or staff can delete the details of the baby and a pop-up

messages will appear as the data is successfully deleted.

Figure 4.3.6: Add growth details interface.

Figure 4.3.6 above shows the interface for add baby’s growth details. Nurse or

staff will fill the details into the system. The information will be saved into the

database. The growth details will be used for baby’s immunizations.

Figure 4.3.7: Set immunizations appointment interface.

53

Figure 4.3.7 above shows the appointment form interface for baby’s

immunization appointment. For this interface, the nurse or staff will set the date of

baby’s immunization appointment

Figure 4.3.8: Update and delete appointment date interface.

Figure 4.3.8 above shows the interface for update and delete immunization

appointment. After set the date, nurse or staff will send a notification/reminder

manually to the parents.

Figure 4.3.9: Send reminder/email to parent’s interface.

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Figure 4.3.9 above shows the interface for nurse to send email to parents as a

reminder for their baby’s immunization appointment. Nurse or staff will send the

email as reminder manually to the parents.

Figure 4.3.10: Add confinement menu interface.

Figure 4.3.10 above shows the interface for add or upload mother’s confinement

menu. This menu is prepared specially for women who are under their confinement

period and need a healthy menu for them.

Figure 4.3.11: Update profile interface.

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Figure 4.3.11 above shows the interface for update profile of nurse or staff. For

this interface, nurse or staff can update their profile anytime. The system will notify

the admin if the profile is successfully updated.


Figure 4.3.12 above shows the interface for change password of nurse/staff. In

this interface, nurse/staff that are registered can change their password anytime. The

system will notify them if the password is successfully changed or not.

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4.3.3 Parents/User Interface

Figure 4.4.1: Parents/User’s Homepage interface

Figure 4.4.1 above shows the homepage interface for parents. After parent login

by filling his or her username and password, they will directly go to this page.

Figure 4.4.2: Symptoms checker interface

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Figure 4.4.2 above shows the interface to check baby’s health condition. Parents

will have to tick yes or no for each symptom. The list of symptoms stated are based on

research and doctor’s approval.

Figure 4.4.3: Result for the symptoms checker interface

Figure 4.4.4: Result for the symptoms checker interface (continued).

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Figure 4.4.3, figure 4.4.4, figure 4.4.5 and figure 4.4.6 above shows the interface

of the result for baby’s health condition. For this interface, it shows the scale for the

probabilities of the listed diseases and also the info about the diseases.

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Figure 4.4.7: View confinement’s interface.

Figure 4.4.7 above show the list of confinement menu interface. For this interface,

parents as user can view all kind of confinement menu that has been provided by the

nurse or staff. Thus, any mother or parents can be more aware of what kind of food

that they should have during their confinement period.

Figure 4.4.8: Update profile interface.

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Figure 4.4.8 above shows the interface for update profile of parents as user. For

this interface, parents can update their profile anytime. The system will notify the

admin if the profile is successfully updated.


Figure 4.4.9 above shows the interface for change password of admin. In this

interface, admin that are registered can change their password anytime. The system

will notify the admin if the password is successfully changed or not.

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4.4 Testing Analysis

After the development of the system are already complete. This system will be

test using two techniques of software testing which are black box testing and white

box testing in order to examine the functionality of the system.

4.4.1 Black Box Testing

Black box testing is a technique used to test the functionality of the web without

refers to the internal code structure, implementation and the web paths. Black box

testing module involve login, manage parents, manage nurse, manage baby, manage

symptoms and manage appointment.

4.4.2 White Box Testing

White box testing is focusing more on the system security, improving design and

usability, the input and output flow through the system. In white box testing it involve

generate the report of the baby’s health condition detection.

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4.5 Test Case

A test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will determine

whether a system works correctly or under test satisfies requirement. Process of

developing test case may help to find problem in the requirement or design of an

application. Tables below shows the cases for several process in the Mother’s

Confinement and Baby Growth Management System using Rule Based Technique.

4.5.1 Login

Table 4.1: Table case for Admin Login.

Step Procedure Expected Result Pass/Fail

1. Login page Preview page Pass

2. Enter admin username

and password.

Username: Admin1

Password: password

Validation if user not fill in the

details.

Pass

3. Click ‘Login’ button Login successful and homepage

for admin will display.

Pass

63

Table 4.2: Table case for Nurse/Staff Login.




and password.

Username: N001

Password: password


details.

Pass


for nurse/staff will display.

Pass

Table 4.3: Table case for Parents Login.




and password.

Username: P001

Password: password


details.

Pass


for parents will display.

Pass

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4.5.2 Admin

Table 4.4: Table case for Add Nurse.


1. Click ‘Add Nurse’ button. Form to add nurse page Pass

2. Enter the nurse details in the

add nurse form.

Validation if user not fill in

the details.

Pass

3. Click ‘Submit’ button. Add successful and pop-up

message preview successful

or failed.

Pass

Table 4.5: Table case for Update Nurse.


1. Click ‘Update Nurse’ button. Update nurse page Pass

2. Edit nurse details in the

update nurse form.


the details.

Pass

3. Click ‘Submit’ button. Update successful and

pop-up message preview

successful or failed.

Pass

65

Table 4.6: Table case for Delete Nurse.


1. Click ‘Delete’ button. List of nurse page Pass

2. Choose the nurse details to

delete.


the details.

Pass

3. Click ‘Delete’ button. Delete successful and pop-up


or failed.

Pass

Table 4.7: Table case for Update Admin Profile.


1. Click ‘Profile’ button. Admin profile page Pass

2. Edit admin details in the

profile nurse form.


the details.

Pass




Pass

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4.5.3 Nurse/Staff

Table 4.8: Table case for Add Parents.


1. Click ‘Add Parent’ button. Form to add parents page Pass

2. Enter the parent’s details in

the add parents form.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

Table 4.9: Table case for Update Parents.


1. Click ‘Update Parents’

button.

Update parents page Pass

2. Edit parent’s details in the

update parents form.


the details.

Pass




Pass

67

Table 4.10: Table case for Delete Parents.


1. Click ‘Delete’ button. List of parent page Pass

2. Choose the parent details to

delete.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

Table 4.11: Table case for Add Baby.


1. Click ‘Add Baby’ button. Form to add baby page Pass

2. Enter the baby details in the

add baby form.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

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Table 4.12: Table case for Update Baby.


1. Click ‘Update Baby’ button. Update baby page Pass

2. Edit baby details in the

update baby form.


the details.

Pass




Pass

Table 4.13: Table case for Delete Baby.


1. Click ‘Delete’ button. List of baby page Pass

2. Choose the baby details to

delete.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

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Table 4.14: Table case for Add Growth.


1. Click ‘Add Growth’ button. Form to add growth page Pass

2. Enter the baby’s growth

details in the add growth

form.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

Table 4.15: Table case for Update Growth.


1. Click ‘Update Growth’

button.

Update growth page Pass

2. Edit growth details in the

update growth form.


the details.

Pass




Pass

70

Table 4.16: Table case for Set Appointment.


1. Click ‘Set Appointment’

button.

Form to set appointment

page

Pass

2. Enter the date of

immunization appointment

details in the appointment

form.


the details.

Pass



or failed.

Pass

Table 4.17: Table case for Add/Upload Confinement Menu.


1. Click ‘Confinement Menu’

button.

Add/Upload image of

confinement menu page

Pass

2. Enter the menu details in the

confinement menu form.


the details.

Pass

3. Click ‘Upload’ button. Add successful and pop-up


or failed.

Pass

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Table 4.18: Table case for Update Nurse/Staff Profile.


1. Click ‘Profile’ button. Nurse/Staff profile page Pass

2. Edit nurse/staff details in the

profile nurse/staff form.


the details.

Pass




Pass

4.5.4 Parents/User

Table 4.19: Table case for Symptoms Checker


1. Click ‘Symptoms Checker’

button.

Symptoms checker page Pass

2. Choose and tick any

symptoms that shown by the

baby.

Pass

3. Click ‘Check’ button. Result of the symptoms

checker will preview the

baby’s health condition.

Pass

72

Table 4.20: Table case for View Baby Details and Appointment Date.


1. Click ‘Baby Details’ button. Baby details page Pass

2. View Baby details and

appointment date.

Pass

Table 4.21: Table case for View Confinement Menu.


1. Click ‘Baby Details’ button. Baby details page Pass

2. View Baby details and

appointment date.

Pass

4.5 Summary

As a conclusion, this chapter covers the implementation of the system, interface

design and testing of the system. All the test case is test carefully to make sure the

intended result in order to make the system functioning properly. The result of tests

was carried out roughly where all input and output of the system view has the

explanation behind.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

5.1 Introduction

In this chapter, a conclusion for the Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth

Management System is discussed. The main content of this chapter is summarized of

the results, constraints and future work of the system. The result of the system can be

seen by the achievement of the system objectives and solving the listed problem

statements. This system also has several limitations or constrains that could not

recover but still manage to function as needed by the system requirement and follows

the objectives.

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5.2 System Contribution

Mother’s Confinement and Baby Growth Management System have achieved the

main objectives that implementing a technique which is the Rule-Based in order to get

the result for baby’s health condition based on the selected symptoms from the baby.

It has achieved the objectives and scope that were stated in this project. The

achievements of this project are:

• Generate the result of the baby’s health condition by choosing the

symptoms.

• This system provides appointment reminder for baby’s immunizations

appointment date.

• The parents can view the details of immunizations and growth of their

baby.

• This system will ease the nurse or staff in recording the data.

5.3 Result Discussion

Generally, the project has been carried out and follow the objectives that have

been stated in Chapter 1. This project provides the report for baby’s health condition

based on the symptom checker using the ruled-based algorithm. Moreover, this project

also provides the best way to keep parents aware of their baby’s immunizations

appointment.

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5.4 Project Constraint and Limitation

There are few problems and limitations that occur throughout the development of

these project which are:

• As for the search function, the system can only search for one keyword which

is the ID of the users.

• The system only provides least symptoms for the symptoms checker to

determine the baby’s health condition.

• Thus, nurse or staff have to send the reminder manually as the system cannot

send the reminder automatically.

5.5 Future Work

This system has a potential to be upgraded and improve. It will help a lot on

recording the immunization and also the baby’s growth. The data also will be saved in

efficient way. In future work, this system should be able to recommend the nurse or

staff that in charge for baby’s immunization. Besides, the system can only detect the

baby’s health condition and it cannot diagnose the disease that the baby might have.

For the appointment, the patient can view calendar slots that are free to book for an

appointment and will automatic send a reminder for parents.

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3. Kuo, M. C., Lu, Y. C., & Chang, P. (2012). A newborn baby care support app and

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5. Lee, J. K. (2009). U.S. Patent No. 7,482,935. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and

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6. Hambali, Moshood, S., Adewole. (2015). Rule-Based Expert System for

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7. Akula, V. S. (2015). Rule-Based Systems for Medical Diagnosis. In A. Kumar

(Ed.), Fuzzy Expert Systems for Disease Diagnosis (pp. 21-44). Hershey, PA: IGI

Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-7240-6.ch002

8. Grosan, C., & Abraham, A. (2011). Rule-based expert systems. In Intelligent

Systems (pp. 149-185). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

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APPENDIX

79

Appendix A (Gantt Chart FYP I)

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Appendix B (Gantt Chart FYP II)

Documents

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RULE-BASED TECHNIQUE...para ibu yang tidak menyedari akan pentingnya makanan dan minuman yang betul sepanjang tempoh berpantang. Jadi, mereka tidak perlu risau