METODE PENAGKAPAN IKAN

TRAPS

ASEP HAMZAH

Fakultas Pertanian

Jurusan Perikanan

Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

TRAPS

1. Non-return device

2. Tubular traps

3. Box traps

4. Collapsible traps

5. Guiding barrier

6. Fyke nets

TRAPS

Banyak jenis perangkap yang ditujukan, baik untuk

ikan maupun krustasea.

Adapun caranya adalah dengan memikat ikan agar

masuk ke dalamnya dan setelah itu mereka sukar

untuk keluar atau tidak dapat keluar lagi

(terperangkap).

Pemasangan perangkap didasari pengetahuan

tentang lintasan-lintasan yang merupakan jalan

ikan atau hal yang erat hubungannya dengan ruaya

iikan ke arah pantai yang dilakukannya pada

waktu-waktu tertentu.

TRAPS

Pada kelompok alat tangkap ini, ikan mudah

masuk dengan sukarela tetapi sebaliknya sulit

untuk dapat keluar.

Biasanya perangkap ini terdiri dari satu atau lebih

ruangan yang akan menutup ketika ikan masuk

atau terdapat alat pencegah ikan keluar berupa

funnel (ijeb).

Perangkap ini dapat berupa : penghalang,

perangkap mekanik, kerangjang, traping gear.

Metode penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan sekat yang kompleks telah berkembang dengan metode non-return device.

Dengan memiliki jalan masuk berbentuk “V” dengan area yang mengecil pada ujungnya. Sehingga kecil kemungkinan ikan kembali pada jalan yang sama.

Tipe non-return device di gunakan khususnya pada traps dengan sekat yang terbuat dari bahan material apapun, dan telah menjadi ciri khas dari semua penangkapan yang menggunakan traps.

Prinsip dari bentuk bukaan mulut (jalan) pada traps jenis non-return device adalah untuk menjaga ikan tetap menjauh dari pintu masuk (bukaan mulut)

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Perangkap berbentuk tabung yang terbuat dari anyaman bambu,

jaring dan kayu berduri.

Alat berbentuk tabung, kebanyakan tertutup di bagian akhir

tabung yang mengerucut.

Ikan terperangkap masuk ke dalam tabung yang terbuat dari

bambu dan tertekan oleh desakan arus.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Ikan terperangkap masuk ke dalam tabung yang terbuat dari

kayu berduri dan selain tertekan oleh desakan arus juga karena

tertusuk duri.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Trap berbentuk tabung yang terbuat dari bambu

sengan pemberat batu (taiwan, china).

Trap tergantung di atas air melalui tali yang

ditempatkan di darat. Umpan diletakkan di bawah

trap, dan setelah beberapa jam, tali terlepas karena

kayu penyangga telah terbakar, trap akan jatuh ke air

dan ikan terperangkap.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Fish trap of Indonesia.

Fish trap terbuat dari anyaman bambu, diberi umpan

didalamnya, ikan akan masuk dan bila umpan

dimakan, maka secara mekanik pintu akan menutup.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Box traps also operate on the gravity principle

A mechanism is released by the fish as it enters the traps and

that cause the door to fall down and close the exit

Mechanical traps, in this sense, are instruments like the well-

known mousetrap, where the mouse must first nibble at the

cheese in order to release the mechanism and cause the trap to

shut. Such genuine traps also include fox traps and the box

traps, both of which play a part in hunting

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Commercial fisheries need a very large number of small traps if

their operation is to be economically viable. To catch Gobiidae,

for example, vessels operate about 200 traps. Transportation

may not be a problem when the traps are small and if they

collapse when the spreading sticks are removed, or when

conical fyke nets (which are usually stretched horizontally

between sticks rammed into the bottom) are stored folded

together. However, transportation of a large number of traps

becomes a big problem when large quantities of bulky traps, like

pots, which are neither collapsible nor can be folded, have to be

brought from one place to another and cannot be stacked.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Therefore progress was made when traps made of netting with

wire frames were introduced in a collapsible form.

Such a way that they could be stacked by „nesting‟ (their

bottoms being made of netting which can be loosened) like

plates or cups.

Mostly they are operated net singly but in the longline system as

explained before. Creels are said to be operated in fleets. Single

creels, used in shallow waters, can be set more carefully and

bring higher yields per trap. On the other hand, fleets with more

traps set in deeper water can bring higher total yields.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Guiding barrier: permanent and temporary barrier

Barrier made of:

1) Piled-up stones 5) Light fence

2) Mud 6) Thick trees

3) Grass 7) Bamboo

4) Brick or concentrate 8) netting, and etc ...

Barrier were also built in running and static waters to stop the

movement of fish and concentrating them in place suitable for

catching.

The size, according to local condition

It can be a straight or curved wall and fence ending in a spiral

increase the efficiency of this form of contruction.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Bangunan penghadang yang biasanya digunakan

diperairan dangkal yang dipengaruhi oleh air pasang

dan air surut, penghadang dengan penyaring dan

ruang pengamat.

Bangunan penghadang yang biasanya digunakan

diperairan dangkal yang dipengaruhi oleh air pasang

dan air surut.

Saat air pasang ikan akan menyebar termasuk di area

bangunan barriers, saat air surut, bangunan barriers

akan menahan/mencegah ikan dan biota lainnya

untuk dapat meloloskan diri, sehingga mudah untuk

ditangkap.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Barriers dibuat dari berbagai bahan, seperti

tumpukan batu, pematang tanah/lumpur, semak,

barang anyaman (tikar) atau jaring.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

The fish are caught behind the barrier in shallow water with any

type of gear.

In most cases, stone walls are used as barrier in tidal areas.

Here the stone wall can be more or less permanent arragement,

sometimes named “tidal weirs”.

They are flooded at high water, when the fish can enter them.

But as the tide falls, some fish remain behind the dams if they

are correctly arranged.

To keep back the fish, the tidal weirs are made in a semi-circle or

in the form of horseshoe

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

Stone wall are permanent contructions, sometimes operated in

fisheries for many centuries. But in this case the permanent

walls are mostly replaced by more or less durable fish fence,

which can be easily removed and transported when necessary.

Such the fish fence, can be operated as tidal weirs, similarly to

stone walls. Often the water does not flow over the fence, but

the fish come in with the current and swim behind the fence

which is set at an oblique angle to the shore.

To encease the efficiency of these fence thay are set in a semi-

circular form and often the ends have spiral form to prevent the

fish from following the falling water round the end of the fence.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

A fyke net is a fish trap. It consists of cylindrical or cone-shaped

netting bags mounted on rings or other rigid structures. It has

wings or leaders which guide the fish towards the entrance of

the bags. The fyke nets are fixed on the bottom by anchors,

These gears are usually hauled by hand

The first opening of the funnel on the entrance of the trap may

be a square, the opening of the next funnel may be triangular

and that of the last a narrow slit only.

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

NON-RETURN

DEVICE

TUBULAR

TRAPS

BOX

TRAPS

COLLAPSIBLE

TRAPS

GUIDING

BARRIER

FYKE

NETS

The fish enters voluntarily, but is hampered from coming

out. Fishermen visit traps every day collecting only the

captures and leaving the gears set in the same place for

several days. The fyke nets may be used separately or in

groups.

Fish are driven progressively towards and into the last

chamber where all the remaining fish in the area are

concentrated. From that last chamber the fish are taken by

means of a fyke-net-like construction.

Fyke nets are generally operated in coastal zone sand

shallow waters, either in inland, in estuarine and sea

waters. They are usually set in contact to the bottom, in

areas with strong currents

../../bahan ajar/MPI/How to Use a Fyke Net to Capture Yellow Perch.mp4../../bahan ajar/MPI/How to Use a Fyke Net to Capture Yellow Perch.mp4

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