MHD Generator File

7/24/2019 MHD Generator File

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A

Seminar Report

ON

MHD Generator

Submitted

in partial fulfillment

for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In Department of Electrical Engineering

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Rihi Sawroop Sharma !an"uh Soni

#HOD$ %le&t. Deptt.' #()()*++'

,M-$ RADA/R


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CONTENTS

Abtra&t -ntrodu&tion

!rin&iple of operation

0ontru&tion

1or"ing

ype of MHD

Appli&ation

Ad2antage

Diad2antage

0on&luion

Referen&e


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ABSTRACT

Now a day oil upply i de&reaing therefore energy our&e arebe&oming limited throughout the world. he te&hnology of uing

3io fuel i an alternate olution of energy our&e$ but if we

thin" that all the world4 2ehi&le will be powered by bio fuel

then the amount of land ued for farming mut be doubled.

Abundant power i produ&ed by Nu&lear energy$ but many fear

from the emiion of &atatrophe from u&h our&e. -n all thi

Mhd generator i to be mot benefi&ial our&e of energy. hi

paper preent Mhd generator implementation a alternate

our&e of energy in urban &itie. Hen&e we &an ay that it i a

re2olutionary urban lighting &on&ept and thee te&hnologie lead

to the de2elopment of high effi&ien&y ele&tri&al energy.


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INTRODUCTION

Eighty per cent of total electricity produced in theworld,is hydal,while remaining 20% is producedfrom nuclear, thermal, solar, Geothermal energyand from magneto hydro dynamics (MHD)generators

MHD power generation is a new system ofelectrical power generation which is said to !e of

high e"ciency and low pollution #n ad$ancedcountries MHD generators are widely used !ut inde$eloped countries lie #ndia it is still underconstruction

&s its name implies, magneto hydro dynamics MHDis concerned with the 'ow of a conducting 'uid inthe presence of magnetic and electric eldhe'uid may !e a gas at ele$ated temperature orli*uid metal lie sodium or potassium

he Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) generator is ade$ice that con$erts heat energy of a fuel directlyinto electrical energy without a con$entionalelectric generator

#n this system, an MHD con$ertor system is a heatengine, in which heat taen up at a highertemperature is partly con$erted into useful worand the remainder is re+ected at a lowertemperature ie all heat engines, the thermal


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e"ciency of a MHD con$erter is increased !ysupplying the heat at the heighst practicaltemperature and re+ecting it at the lowest practical

temperaturePRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

he prin&iple of Magnetohydrodynami& generator i baed on

faraday5 law :

-n thi ytem$ the hot ioni6ed gaeou &ondu&tor #wor"ing

fluid' i paed into the high magneti& field and thereby the

&urrent i produ&ed. 3y pla&ing uitable ele&trode #Anode and

&athode' inide the &hamber$ the output load i ta"en through

the e7ternal &ir&uit.


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CONSTRUCTION

8 MHD generator &onit of a 0ombuion &hamber and

generator &hamber.

8 he fliud &ondu&tor i paed into the &ombuion &hamber

where they are ioni6ed at 2ery high temperature.

8 here i a no66el through whi&h the ioni6ed ga pa into

the generator &hamber.


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S

N

combustion

ChamberVIonized Gas

Workin !uid

Water coo"erTherma" resistance sea"in

#anet

Stream out

$oad out%ut

Nozz"e

&"ectrode

In"et

8 he generator &hamber &onit of powerful magnet and a

number of oppoitely lo&ated ele&trode pair i inerted in

the &hannel to &ondu&t the ele&tri&al &urrent generated to

an e7ternal load.8 3oth &ombuion &hamber and generator &hamber are

uurounded by a heat reitan&e material and water &ooler.

WORKING

8 he gaeou #fluid' &ondu&tor i paed into the

&ombution &hamber through inlet.8 3y uing a fuel li"e oil or natural ga or &oal$ the fluid

&ondu&tor i heated to a plama tate and hen&e it i

ioni6ed.


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8 he temperature in the &ombution &hamber i around

)999; to )


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'()

'()

*otentia" +&,

Ionized as +-,

#anetic .e"d +B,

TYPES OF MHD GENERATOR

he MHD ytem &an be &laified brodly a follow :

1. Open cycle syse!s"


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-n an open &y&le ytem$ the wor"ing fluid i ued on the

on&e through bai. he wor"ing fluid after generating

ele&tri&al energy i di&harged to the atmophere through a

ta&". -n thi ytem the wor"ing fluid i air. he hot&ombution gae offer eeding &an be ued dire&tly a the

wor"ing fluid.

#. Cl$se% cycle syse!s "

hi may be further ub &laified a:

Seeded inert ga ytem and

?i=uid metal ytem.

-n the &loed &y&le ytem$ the wor"ing fluid i

&ontinuouly re&ir&ulated. he di&harge wor"ing fluid i

reheated and returned to the &on2erter. -n thi ytem

helium or argon i ued a the wor"ing fluid. Heat i

tranferred from the &omubutin gae to the wor"ing fluid

by mean of a heat exchanger.

AD&ANTAGES

T'e (%)(n(*es $+ MHD *ene,($, (,e "

(. he on and off time i about e&ond.

). here are no mo2ing part$ it i 2ery reliable to ue.


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+. he MHD generator ha high thermal effi&ien&y of @9 to

9B.


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+. here will be high fri&tion loe and heat tranfer loe.


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8 hey &an be ued a power plant in indutry and

uninterrupted power upply ytem.

CONCLUSION

o fulfill the in&reaing energy demand of the people$

a2ing of land$ MHD generator &on&ept i 2ery u&&eful one

and hould be implemented in -ndia to pro2ide ele&tri&ity

without the problem of power &ut and the e7tra energy &anbe pro2ided to the grid. -ndia a the )nd larget &ountry of

the world in the in&reaing demand of the energy and try to

find a way from whi&h effi&ient and abundant our&e of

energy &ab be a2ailable. Alo MHD generator i highly effi&ient

our&e ha2ing many ad2antage of produ&ing


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ele&tri&ity a &ompared to the other our&e. -t i therefore

the reponibility on the houlder of the youngter of the

earth to thin" martly and ta"e the right de&iion. %2eryone

hould tart a an indi2idual to &oEoperate with thego2ernment to ma"e life fa2orable for man"ind.

REFERENCES

F(. http:en.wi"ipedia.orgwi"iMHDIgenerator

F). www.google.&om
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHDhttp://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHD

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MHD Generator File