Microsoft Access 2010 Chương 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ · PDF fileRibbon này thay thế các Menu và thanh công cụ từ phiên bản ... vào tất cả các lệnh áp dụng cho

Microsoft Access 2010
ThS. Dng Thnh Pht Trang 7
Chng 1:
TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
1.1 Gii thiu
Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (RDMS- Relational DaTabase
Management System), rt ph hp cho cc bi ton qun l va v nh. Hiu nng cao
v c bit d s dng do giao din ging cc phn mm khc trong b MS Office nh
MS Word, MS Excel.
Access cn cung cp h thng cng c pht trin kh mnh i km
(Development Tools) gip cc nh pht trin phn mm n gin trong vic xy dng
trn gi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m va v nh.
MS Access 2010 cung cp h thng cng c rt mnh, gip ngi dng nhanh
chng v d dng xy dng chng trnh ng dng thng qua Query, Form, Report kt
hp vi mt s lnh ca ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic.
Trong Microsoft Access 2010, bn c th xy dng c s d liu web v a
chng ln cc SharePoint Site. Ngi duyt SharePoint c th s dng ng dng c s
d liu ca bn trong mt trnh duyt web, s dng SharePoint xc nh ai c th
xem nhng g. Nhiu ci tin mi h tr kh nng a d liu ln web, v cng cung
cp li ch trong vic xy dng c s d liu trn my n truyn thng.
Access 2010 giao din ngi dng cng thay i. Nu bn khng quen vi
Office Access 2007, Ribbon v ca s danh mc chnh c th l mi cho bn. Thanh
Ribbon ny thay th cc Menu v thanh cng c t phin bn trc. Ca s danh mc
chnh thay th v m rng cc chc nng ca ca s Database.
V mt im mi trong Access 2010, Backstage View cho php bn truy cp
vo tt c cc lnh p dng cho ton b c s d liu, nh l thu gn v sa cha, hoc
cc lnh t Menu File.
Cc lnh c b tr trn cc Tab pha bn tri ca mn hnh, v mi Tab cha
mt nhm cc lnh c lin quan hoc cc lin kt. V d, nu bn nhn New, bn s
thy tp hp cc nt cho php bn to ra mt c s d liu mi t u, hoc bng cch
chn t mt th vin ca c s d liu cc mu thit k chuyn nghip.
1.2 Khi ng Access 2010
khi ng MS Access ta c th dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Cch 1: Start (All) Programs Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Access 2010.

Cch 2: Double Click vo Shortcut MS Access trn Desktop, xut hin ca s
khi ng Access nh hnh.
Cch 3: Vo Start Run g vo tp tin khi ng msaccess.exe
1.3 Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng
1.3.1 Thanh Quick Access
Thanh cng c Quick Access: Hin th bn tri ca thanh tiu , mc nh thanh
Quick Access gm cc nt cng c Save, Undo,
Bn phi ca Quick Access cha nt Customize, khi c s d liu ang m, nu
Click nt Customize s xut hin mt menu gip bn ch nh cc nt lnh hin th trn
thanh Quick Access, nu cc lnh khng c trong menu, bn c th Click nt More
Commands hoc Click phi trn thanh Quick Access chn Customize Quick Access
Toolbar.
thm nt lnh vo Quick Access, bn chn lnh trong khung Choose
commands from, Click nt Add Click OK.

1.3.2 Vng lm vic
Khi khi ng Access, trong ca s khi ng, mc nh Tab File v
lnh New trong Tab File c chn, ca s c chia thnh 3 khung:
+ Khung bn tri gm cc lnh trong Tab File.
+ Khung gia: cha cc loi tp tin c s d liu m bn c th to mi.
+ Khung bn phi: nhp tn v chn v tr lu tp tin mi to v thc thi lnh
to mi c s d liu.
Tri Gia Phi

1.3.3 Thanh Ribbon
Bn di thanh tiu , Access 2010 hin th cc nt lnh trn mt thanh di
c gi l Ribbon, thanh Ribbon c th chim nhiu khng gian mn hnh, ta c th
thu nh kch thc ca Ribbon bng cch Click nt Minimize The Ribbon .
Thanh Ribbon c to bi nhiu Tab khc nhau, truy cp vo mt Tab bn
c th Click trn nhn ca Tab hoc dng phm tt. Nhn phm Alt hoc F10 hin th
tn ca cc phm tt ca cc Tab.
Hu ht cc Tab trn Ribbon c chia thnh tng nhm khc nhau, mi nhm
hin th tiu con bn di ca nhm. Mt s nhm trong Ribbon c hin th nt, khi
Click nt ny s xut hin ca s cho php thit lp cc thuc tnh ca nhm tng
ng.
1.3.4 Ca s Properties
Ca s Properties gip bn c th hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i tng, ty theo
i tng ang c chn m ca s thuc tnh s cha nhng thuc tnh tng ng
ca i tng .
m ca s Properties, bn chn i tng mun thay i thuc tnh, chn
Tab Design hoc nhn t hp phm Atl +Enter.
Ca s Properties c chia thnh 5 nhm

+ Format: Gm cc thuc tnh nh
dng i tng.
+ Data: Gm cc thuc tnh truy sut
d liu ca i tng.
+ Event: Gm cc s kin (event)
ca i tng.
+ Other: Gm cc thuc tnh gip
bn to h thng menu, toolbars,
+ All: Gm tt c cc thuc tnh
trong bn nhm trn.
1.3.5 Thanh Navigation Pane
Navigation Pane l khung cha ni dung chnh ca c s d liu. T khung
Navigation Pane, bn c th m bt k Table, Query, Form, Report, Macro, hoc
Module trong c s d liu bng cch Double Click vo tn ca i tng.
Bng cch Click phi vo tn ca i tng trong Navigation Pane, bn c th
thc hin cc thao tc vi i tng nh: i tn, sao chp, xo, import, export mt i
tng
Nhn phm F11 hoc Click vo mi tn kp gc trn bn phi ca khung
Navigation Pane hin th hoc n khung Navigation Pane.

1.4 Cch to tp tin c s d liu
1.4.1 To mt c s d liu mi rng
- Ti ca s khi ng, Click nt Blank Database.
- File Name: nhp tn tp tin c s d liu, trong Access 2010, tp tin c s d
liu c lu vi tn c phn m rng l .accdb.
- Nu khng ch nh ng dn th mc nh tp tin mi to s c lu trong
th mc Document, ngc li, Click nt Browse ch nh v tr lu tp tin. Click
nt Create to tp tin c s d liu.
1.4.2 To c s d liu theo mu (Template)
- Ti ca s khi ng.
- Chn Sample Template chn mt mu c s d liu c sn.
- Trong khung File Name, nhp tn tp tin c s d liu v Click
nt Browse ch nh v tr lu tp tin, Click nt Create to c s d liu.
1.5 Qun l c s d liu
Sau khi to c s d liu, hoc m mt c s d liu th Tab File s hin th cc
lnh qun l tp tin c s d liu.
1.5.1 Recent
Mc Recent hin th danh sch cc tp tin c s d liu c m gn nht. S
tp tin hin th trong danh sch ny mc nh l 9, c th thay i bng cch:

- Ti ca s lm vic ca Access, chn Tab File.
- Chn Options Client Settings.
- Trong mc Display, thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh "Show This Number Of
Recent Documents".
- Click OK.
1.5.2 M mt c s d liu
m mt c s d liu c ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
Cch 1:
+ Ti ca s khi ng, trong Tab File Open

+ Chn tp tin c s d liu cn m Open.
Cch 2:
Double Click vo tn tp tin cn m.
1.5.3 Thot khi Access
C th thot khi Access bng mt trong cc cch:
+ Chn menu File Exit.
+ Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.
+ Hoc s dng nt Close trn ca s Access ang m.
1.5.4 Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact & Repair DaTabase)
Khi to thm i tng trong c s d liu th dung lng ca tp tin c s d
liu s tng ln, khi xa mt i tng th vng nh ca n s rng, nhng khng s
dng c.
Chc nng Compact & Repair DaTabase gip thu hi li phn b nh b rng,
lm cho tp tin c s d liu gn li.
Cch thc hin:
- M c s d liu cn thu gn v chnh sa.
- Click nt Compact & Repair DaTabase.
1.5.5 To Password
M c s d liu ch Exclusive bng
cch: File Open Open Exclusive.
+ Chn Tab File Chn lnh Info
Click nt set DaTabase Password.
+ Nhp Password 2 ln OK.

1.5.6 G b Password
- M c s d liu ch Exclusive: File Open Open Exclusive.
- Trong Tab File, chn lnh Info Click nt UnSet DaTabase Password.
1.6 Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access
C s d liu l mt tp hp nhng s liu lin quan n mt mc ch qun l,
khai thc d liu no , CSDL trong Access l c s d liu quan h gm cc thnh
phn: Tables, Querys, Forms, Reports, Pages, Macros, Modules.
1.6.1 Bng (Tables)
Table l thnh phn quan trng nht ca tp tin c s d liu Access, dng
lu tr d liu. Do y l i tng phi c to ra trc. Bn trong mt bng, d
liu c lu thnh nhiu ct v nhiu dng.
1.6.2 Truy vn (Queries)
Query l cng c ngi s dng truy vn thng tin v thc hin cc thao tc
trn d liu. Ngi s dng c th s dng ngn ng SQL hoc cng c QBE thao
tc trn d liu.
1.6.3 Biu mu (Forms)
Form l cng c thit k giao din cho chng trnh, dng cp nht hoc xem
d liu. Biu mu gip thn thin ha qu trnh nhp, thm, sa, xa v hin th d liu.
1.6.4 Bo co (Reports)
Report l cng c gip ngi dng to cc kt xut d liu t cc bng, sau
nh dng v sp xp theo mt khun dng cho trc v c th in ra mn hnh hoc my
in.

1.6.5 Tp lnh (Macros)
Macro l mt tp hp cc lnh nhm thc hin mt lot cc thao tc c qui
nh trc. Tp lnh ca Access c th c xem l mt cng c lp trnh n gin p
ng cc tnh hung c th.
1.6.6 B m lnh (Modules)
L cng c lp trnh trong mi trng Access m ngn ng nn tng ca n l
ngn ng Visual Basic for Application. y l mt dng t ng ha chuyn su hn
tp lnh, gip to ra nhng hm ngi dng t nh ngha. B m lnh thng dnh cho
cc lp trnh vin chuyn nghip.
Cng c to cc i tng trong Access c t chc thnh tng nhm trong
Tab Create ca thanh Ribbon
1.7 Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu
lm vic trn i tng, ta chn i tng trn thanh Access Object, cc
thnh vin ca i tng s xut hin bn di tn ca i tng.
1.7.1 To mi i tng