mitropoliti anania jafariZemeufeanania.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/22.-msoflio...2014/01/22 · eklesiis istoria, t. 1. 1986, gv…85-203. 12 didi sjuliskanoni, iqve, gv.166

255msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiTmitropoliti anania jafariZe

msoflio saeklesio krebebi

qarTvel episkoposTa

monawileobiT

Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi pirvelad qveyndeba erTianimonografiis saxiT gamokvleva qarTveli episkoposebismonawileobis Sesaxeb wmida msoflio saeklesio krebebSi.

qarTveli episkoposebi monawileobdnen wmida krebaTasamarTlis SemuSavebaSi da msoflio saeklesio kanonebsacnobdnen Tavis mrevls, rac safuZvels warmoadgendasaqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis siwmidisa.

redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorigiuli alasaniaistoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe

ã anania jafariZe, 2003

mitropoliti anania jafariZe256Sesavali

pirveli saukuneebidanve qarTvelebs TavianTi erovnuliRirsebis ukeTes gamoxatulebad miaCndaT qristianulisarwmunoebis siwmindis dacva. qarTvelTa mier marTlmadidebelisarwmunoebis yvelaze ukeT dacvis Sesaxeb miuTiTebdnenucxoeli avtorebic. prokofi kesarieli, romelsac VI s-Simovlili hqonda aziis, afrikisa da evropis mravali qveyana,werda: `iberebi qristianebi arian da am sarwmunoebis wesebsyvela imaTze ukeT icaven, romelTac Cven vicnobT~1.

amaves amtkicebdnen qarTuli wyaroebic, rom qarTvelixalxi uZvelesi droidan _ `mieriTgan vidre aRsasrulamdehgies SeuZvrlad marTalsa sarwmunoebasa zeda~2.

VII s. dasawyisSi kirion kaTalikosi werda, rom qarTvelxalxs mis dromde da mis drosac aqvs is sarwmunoeba, romelicmociqulebma iqadages da romelsac ierusalimis sarwmunoebaewodeba, radganac naTqvamia, sjuli sionidan gamova3.

amaves amtkicebda 400 wlis Semdeg XI s-Si wmida giorgimTawmideli: `wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT daradganac erTi RmerTi gvicnobies arRara uar-gviyvies da arcaodes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni... amassafuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa daqadagebaTa zeda wmidaTa maT mociqulTa mtkice varT~4.

ra gziT, ra saSulebebiY inarCunebdnen qarTvelebi mtkicemarTlmadidebel sarwmunoebas, romelic maT mociqulebisaganSeiTvises? kirion kaTalikosma pasuxi gasca am kiTxvas daganucxada, rom mizezi amisa iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis mudmivikavSiri msoflio eklesiasTan, viTarca misi erTi nawilisa,mtkiced dacva msoflio saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemulikanonebisa. am Temas ganixilavs Cveni naSromi.

naSromSi ̀ msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTamonawileobiT~ vixilavT I, II, III, IV, V, VI, e.w. ̀ trulis~ da VIIwmida msoflio krebebs, aseve ferara-florenciis krebas, romelTamuSaobaSi qarTvelTa istoriuli miwa-wylis episkoposebieswrebodnen, maT saqarTveloSi CamohqondaT kidec msofliosaeklesio krebebze SemuSavebuli kanonebi da acnobdnen Tavismrevls.1 georgika, II, 1965, gv. 48. 2 cxovrebaÁ nino ganmanaTlebelisaÁ, Zegl., IV, 1968,gv. 352. 3 epistoleTa wigni, 1968, gv. 99. 4 giorgi mcire, cxovrebaÁ giorgimTawmidelisaÁ, Zegl., II, gv. 154.

257msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT

1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msofliosaeklesio krebaze (325 w.)

nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda ori episkoposiqarTvelTa istoriuli miwa-wylidan. eseni iyvnen biWvinTeliepiskoposi stratofile da trapezunteli episkoposi domne(domnusi). marTalia, ucnobia, iyvnen Tu ara isini eTnikuriqarTvelebi, magram evsevi kesarieli, piradi xelismomweri pirvelimsoflio krebis dadgenilebisa da wodebuli `saeklesioistoriis mamad~, Tavis TxzulebaSi amtkicebda, rom Savi zRvissanapiro, sadac biWvinTisa da trapezuntis saepiskoposoebiiyvnen ganlagebulni, qarTvelebiT anu iberebiT iyodasaxlebuli. evsevi Tavis ̀ qronikebSi~ werda qarTvelTa SavizRvis aRniSnul sanapiroze cxovrebis Sesaxeb: ̀ nabuqodonosorma,romelic herakleze ufro Zlieri iyo, mas Semdeg, rac saomarijari Sekriba, miaRwia libielTa qveyanaSi da iberTa qveyanaSi,ajoba maT, gaacamtvera da daimorCila. erTi wili maTganigadaasaxla man pontos zRvis marjvena mxareze da iq daasaxla~5

pontos ̀ zRvis marjvena mxare~ iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviTdasaxlebuli iyo qarTveli tomebiT. ̀ am teritoriaze batonobdaqarTuli ena da misi dialeqtebi - svanuri, megruli da lazuri~.

s. yauxCiSvili wers: ̀ uaRresi mniSvnelobisaa nikeis krebazebiWvintis ekiskoposis monawileoba istoriuli TvalsazrisiT.faqti biWvintis episkoposis monawileobisa pirvel msofliokrebaze uTuod mowmobs im garemoebas, rom 325 wlisaTvisdasavleT saqarTveloSi, romlis erT-erTi ekonomiuri dakulturuli centri iyo biWvinta, imdenad Zlieri yofilaqristianuli organizacia, rom mas saepiskoposo kaTedracmoepoveboda da misi warmomadgeneli msoflio krebazec iqnamiwveuli... cxadia, rom nikeis saeklesio krebaze miwveuliiyvnen mniSvnelovani saeklesio centrebis moZRvarni. ase rom,rodesac Cven nikeis mamaTa siaSi vkiTxulobT, rom pirvelsaeklesio krebas daeswrnen trapezuntis episkoposi domnusida biWvinTis episkoposi stratofileo, es imas niSnavs, romtrapezunti da biWvinTa aerTianebdnen msxvil saqristianoorganizaciebs. axla sakiTxavia, visi iyo es organizacia,

5 georgika, I, 1961, gv. 30.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe258magaliTad, biWvinTis qristianebisa? iyo es mxolod da mxolodberZenTa organizacia Tu saerTod biWvinTis mcxovrebTaorganizacia? Tu gaviTvaliswinebT istoriul perspeqtivas,moklebuli iqneba sakiTxis ase dayeneba, TiTqos biWvinTaSimcxovrebi berZnebi iseTi maRali kedliT iyvnen gamijnuli amraionis danarCeni mosaxleobisagan (e.i. mosaxleobisumravlesobisagan), rom berZnul koloniaSi Seiqmna mZlavriqristianuli organizacia da es axali ideologia ucnobidarCa biWvinTis araberZnuli (e.i. adgilobrivi) mosaxleobisaTvis.meoTxe saukuneSi biWvinTis adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ziarebulirom ar yofiliyo qristianul moZRvrebas, gana SesaZlebeliiqneboda naxevari saukunis an cota metis Semdeg iq agebuliyoadgilobrivi mcxovrebis moTaveobiT taZari, Semkuli mozaikuriwarweriT, romelSic qtitorad ixsenieba qarTveli warCinebuli,vinme ̀ oreli~? amgvarad ar aris saeWvod misaCnevi is uryevidebuleba, rom trapezuntisa da biWvinTis episkoposebi, romelnic325 wels pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebas daeswrnen nikeaSi,mxolod berZnul mosaxleobas ki ar warmoadgendnen, aramedmTel mosaxleobas, rogorc berZnuls, ise adgilobriv mkvidrmosaxleobas~6.

romis wmida imperatorma konstantine I didma (306-337),sanam 325 wlidan romis imperiis erTpirovnuli mbrZanebeligaxdeboda, 313 wels Tavis mokavSire avgustus liciniusTanerTad q. mediolanumSi (milanSi) gamosca ediqti qristianobisuflebamosil religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. Sewyda qristianTasaSineli devna. konstantinem safuZveli daudo imperiis axalidedaqalaqis mSeneblobas, romelic daarsda kidec 330 wels dakonstantinopoli ewoda. am axali sataxto qalaqis daarsebamde,325 wels, konstantine didma qalaq nikeaSi moiwvia I msofliosaeklesio kreba. msoflio kreba warmoadgens wmida eklesiisumaRles xelisuflebas dedamiwaze, ganxorcielebulssuliwmidis xelmZRvanelobiT. pirvel msoflio krebazeganxilul iqna im droisaTvis yvelaze mwvave saeklesio sakiTxi.aleqsandrieli mRvdeli ariozi uaryofda qristes RvTaebriobas,amtkicebda, ieso qriste mxolod umaRlesi qmnilebaao. amcruswavlebam moicva imperiis mravali regioni. wmida krebamdaadgina, rom `ieso qriste Ze RvTisaa, Tanaarsi mamisa~, igi6 georgika, I, gv. 7-9.


aris ara qmnileba, aramed ̀ mamisaganaa Sobili uwinares yovelTasaukuneTa~ - `Sobili da ara qmnili~.

nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda 318 episkoposi. imdros diakonma aTanase didma da wmida nikoloz saswaulTmoqmedmadidad amxiles ariozi, romelic krebam mwvaleblad gamoacxadada eklesiisagan gankveTa.

krebaze SemuSavda sarwmunoebis simbolo (kredo) mokleredaqciiT. neba darTes mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs colis yolisada sxv.

krebas mTeli maSindeli saqristiano msoflioswarmomadgenlebi daeswrnen, maT Soris, rogorc iTqva, ̀ qarTveliepiskoposebi~ stratofile biWvinTeli da domnus trapezunteli.krebis monawileTa siebi 6 enazea moRweuli, romelTaganacCans, rom romis imperiaSi moqceul saqarTvelos aRniSnulkuTxeTa (biWvinTisa da trapezuntis) episkoposebi Sediodnenpolimenos pontos eparqiaSi.

I msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposTagan sokrate,sozomeni da sxva istorikosebi CamoTvlian Semdeg mniSvnelovanpirebs: osia kordubels (espaneTidan), aleqsandre aleqsandrielepiskoposs, evstaTi antioqiel episkoposs, leonti kesariakappadokiel episkoposs, makari ierusalimel episkoposs, nikolozmironlukiel episkoposs; spiridon trimiTuntel episkoposs,iakob nizibiel episkoposs, pafnuti zemo Tebaidel episkoposs,pavle neokesariel episkoposs, ioane sparsels; Teona kizikelepiskoposs; aleqsandre solunel episkoposs; nunexi laodikielepiskoposs, protogen sardikiel episkoposs, cecilian karTagenelepiskoposs, pisti markianopolel episkoposs, ipati gangrelepiskoposs; garpokration kinopolel episkoposs; presviterTagan:biton da bikenti romael presviterebs, aramarTlmadidebeliepiskoposebi: evstevi nikomidieli, Teogniste nikeeli, marisqalkedoneli, Teona marmarikeli; sekundi ptolemaideli, menofanteefeseli; patrofil skviTopoleli; narkis neronieli7.

qalaqi gangra mcire aziaSi mdebareobda, aqedan iyo ipatigangreli episkoposi da ara saqarTvelodan, rogorc miiCnevszogierTi qarTveli istorikosi.

7 Деяния Вселенских Соборов, Том I (I, II, III соборы), Санкть-Петербургь, 1996, с. 77-78.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe2602. qarTveli episkoposi II msoflio krebaze (381 w.)

meore msoflio krebis kanonebs qarTvelma episkoposmapantofilem moawera xeli. Cvenamde moRweulia II msoflio anurogorc mas xSirad uwodeben `konstantinopolis pirveli~krebis xelismomwer 150 episkoposTa sia, maT Sorisaa ̀ pontoamisiis olqidan pantofile iberieli~8. zogierT xelnawerSipantofiles nacvlad weria `ponsife iberieli~ an `pasifiliberieli~. am krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi qalaqebissaxelwodebebis mixedviT moixsenebian, magaliTad, pantofilesmomdevno xelismomweri episkoposi - ̀ martiri markianopoleli~,amitom, erTi SexedviT pantofile iberieli TiTqosda ponto-amisiis olqSi mdebare im qalaqidanaa, romelsac ̀ iberia~ erqva,magram ̀ iberieli~, am SemTxvevaSi eTnikuri kuTvnilebis Sesaxebunda miuTiTebdes. Sesadareblad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pirvelimsoflio krebis kanonebs xeli moawera episkoposma aseveeTnikuri kuTvnilebis mixedviT, es iyo – ioane sparsi (sparseli).rogorc Cans, berZnul-romauli kulturuli msoflios gareTmcxovreb xalxTa episkoposebs zogjer eTnikuri saxelebiTmoixseniebdnen. iberebi anu qarTvelebi aRniSnul droscxovrobdnen mTel aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi. iberebi, cxadia,cxovrobdnen ponto amisiis olqSic. iberielTa (maT Sorisigulisxmeboda yvela qarTveli tomi, svanebi da lazebic)zRvispireTis vrcel arealze cxovrebas imiT xsnidnen eklesiisZveli mamebi, rom maT miiCnevdnen nabuqodonosoris drossamxreTis iberiidan (Cans, mcire aziis samxreT-dasavleTnawilidan lidiidan (libiidan) da Zveli iberiidan)CrdiloeTSi gadasaxlebulad (Cans es iyo ̀ moqcevai qarTlisais~qveyana ̀ arian-qarTli~), amitom iyo xmelTaSuazRvispireTidanSavi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiromde uvrcelesi regionebidasaxlebuli qarTvelTa jgufebiT. maTgan iyo pantofileiberieli Tu saqarTvelodan (politikuri iberiidan), CvenTvisucnobia. amis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqondaT XX s-is qarTvelmTvdelmTavrebs.

saqarTvelos eklesias XX saukunis 20-70-ian wlebSimarTavdnen istorikosi mRvdelmTavrebi. maT mier mowodebuli

8 Деяня Вселенских Соборов, т. I, СПБ, 1996, с. 123.


cnobiT meore msoflio saeklesio krebaze monawileobas iRebdasaqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgeneli. saqarTvelos eklesiisoficialuri organo msoflio krebaTa ganxilvisas wers: ̀ me-2 msoflio saeklesio krebaze monawileobas iRebda saqarTvelos(iberiis) eklesiis warmomadgeneli episkoposi pantofile9. 381wels konsntantinopolSi mowveuli msoflio kreba mniSvnelovaniiyo mcire adgilobrivi eklesiebisaTvis imiT, rom igi Tavisime-2 kanoniT icavda maT TavisTavadobas: TiToeul saeklesiosamTavros (e.i. saeklesio erTeulis momcvel politikur-administraciuli teritorias) ganagebs amave samTavrossaeklesio kreba nikeaSi gansazRruli kanonis Tanaxmad, xolo`warmarTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagonmamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~10.

II msoflio krebis II kanoni balsamons miaCnda misi droiseklesiebis avtokefalobis kanonikur safuZvlad11.

aRniSnuli muxli, balsamonis azriT, uflebas aZlevssaxelmwifos sazRvrebis SigniT arsebul eklesias iyosTviTmwyemsi, anu imarTebodes adgilobrivi saeklesio krebismier.

II msoflio krebis me-2 muxlis mixedviT, meoTxe saukuneSiimperiis gareT mcxovreb xalxTa eklesiebi, imarTeboda ̀ mamaTamier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~. cxadia, 381 wlismsoflio krebisaTvis am mxriv, yvelaze avtoritetuli undayofiliyo mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxli, romelSic naTqvamia:`yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris pirveli daTavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon misgareSe~12. erTi aseTi iyo qristiani qarTveli xalxi, miT umetes,rom mas hqonda Tavisi saxelmwifo, romlis eklesiisavtokefaliis safuZveli ZvelTaganve aris I da II krebaTamier damtkicebuli pirvelqristianuli Temebis (SemdegSisaeklesio erTeulebis) TavisTavadoba.

9 ̀ saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari~ 1974 wlis gv. 131. 10 didi sjuliskanoni,

saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 211. 11 saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis istoria, t. 1. 1986, gv…85-203. 12 didi sjuliskanoni, iqve, gv. 166.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe2623. qarTveli episkoposi me-3 msoflio

krebaze (431 w.)

431 wels efesoSi Catarda me-3 msoflio saeklesio kreba,rogorc miiCneven am krebis momzadebaSi monawileoba miuRiaegreT wodebuli qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkopossieremias13. am krebis masalebSi moxseniebuli qarTveli episkoposiieremia, rogorc mas uwodeben, `iberieli ieremia~ yofilanestorianelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZoli da V saukunis pirvelnaxevarSi gaafTrebiT ibrZoda nestorianelTa doqtriniswinaaRmdeg)14. wmida grigol feraZis cnobiT, konstantinopolSiyofila ̀ didaqes~, anu ̀ 12 mociqulTa moZRvrebis~ kanonikurimwerlobis erT-erTi adrindeli Zeglis _ Targmani, gadaRebuli1923 wels, vinme feiqriSvilis mier. feraZis azriT, igigadaTargmnilia berZnulidan qarTul enaze V saukuneSi, ieremiaiberielis mier. es ieremia Tavis Tavs ase uwodebs: `ieremiaurhaeli qarTveli marTlmadidebeli, yaribobis gamo Tavisianebsada samSoblos daSorebuli~15. k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, rom didaqesaseTi Targmani ar arsebobda da ieremia urhaeli ar yofilada arc umoRvawia urhaSi16. k.kekeliZis azriT `didaqe~ axaldroSia Targmnili, SesaZloa mas Semdegac, rac filoTeosbrieniosma aRmoaCina misi teqsti17. nestorianebs, romelnicdaamarcxa III msoflio krebam, didad ebrZoda qarTuli eklesia.am brZolaSi gamoirCeodnen qarTveli mamebi, imdenad moSureninestoris wvalebis aRmosafxvrelad, rom zogierT maTgans, Cans,ver SeugrZvnia sidiade qalkedonis krebisa da es didi krebaqalkedonisa nestorisadmi daTmobad miuCneviaT. am moSurneqarTvelTa saxelebi da Sromebi Semdgom ganadgurda. III krebaCvenTvis imiTacaa aRsaniSnavi, rom man me-8 muxliT daicvapatara kviprosis avtokefalia.

Tu qarTlis samefo V s-is pirvel naxevarSi orad iyogayofili, dasaSvebia yofiliyo qarTlis _ `sparsuli~ da

13 v. goilaZe qarTlis samefo. avtoreferati doqtoris xarisxismosapoveblad 1998w. gv. 20. 14 k. kekeliZe, etiudebi I. 51, 62. 15 k. kekeliZe,ieremia iberieli antinestorianeli moRvawe V saukunisa, Tbilisis

universitetis moambe #9 1928 w. gv. 187, 198. 16 k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuliliteraturis istoria I, gv. 560, gv. 483. 17 i. kvaWaZe, SeniSvnebi `didaqes~Targmanis Sesaxeb literaturuli Ziebani, #3 gv. 375 da 377.


`berZnuli~ nawilebis eklesiebi. SeiZleba isini gaaerTianavaxtang gorgasalma da ̀ sparsul qarTlSi~ dainiSna cnobiliaxali 12 episkoposi. savaraudod sparsul qarTlSi Sediodateritoria armazidan _ qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeT-hereTis CaTvliT,xolo berZnulSi _ mcxeTa (samTavro) da dasavleT saqarTvelo.

SesaZloa, swored am ̀ sparsuli iberiidan~ iyo warmoSobiTieremia, romelic me-3 msoflio krebis muSaobaSi monawileobda,da im droisaTvis igi q.urhaSi iyo gadasuli samoRvaweod.

4. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi IV msofliokrebaze (451 w.)

qalkedonSi Semdgari 451 wlis IV msoflio krebas, udidesimniSvnelobis mqones msoflio eklesiisaTvis, qarTul wyaroTamtkicebiT imTaviTve dauWira mxari saqarTvelos eklesiam,gansakuTrebiT ki VI s. Suidan, rac imperator zenonis`henotikonma~ Tavisi Tavi amowura. zogierTi cnobiT qalkedoniskrebis muSaobaSi ̀ monawileoba miuRia sebastopolis (nikofsiis)episkoposs~18.

nikofsia, Cvens winaprebs qarTvelTa qveynis ganuyofelnawilad miaCniaT, rogorc es ganacxada wmida giorgimTawmidelma antioqiis sapatriarqo karze gamarTul mRvdelmTavarTaSekrebaze - ̀ erTi wmida Tormet mociqulTagani, simons vityvikananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa damarxul ars - afxazeTs, romelsanikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTlebulnivarT~19.

nikofsiaSi mociqul simon kananelis saflavis SesaxebberZnuli saeklesio wyaroebic miuTiTebdnen - `ars jiqeTsnikofsiaSi saflavi, romelsa aqvs warwera simon kananelisa~20.

romeli xalxis qveyanaSi iyo dakrZaluli wmida mociqulisimoni? rogorc aRiniSna, mas giorgi mTawmideli `qveyanasaCvensa - afxazeTs~ uwodebda.

18 Абхазия и в ней Ново-Афонскии Симоно-Кананатский монастырь. М. 1898. 19giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuliliteraturis Zeglebi, II, 1967, gv. 154. 20 epifane konstantinopoleli,p.ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, 1954, gv. 226.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe264antioqiis patriarqi giorgi mTawmidels uwodebda

`naTesaviT qarTvels~. `daRacaTu naTesaviT qarTveli xar,xolo swavlulebiTa da mecnierebiT Cvenive swori xar~21.

maSasadame, giorgi mTawmideli afxazeTs `Cven qveyanas~anu ̀ qarTvelTa qveyanas~ uwodebda. am qveyanas, sadac iqadagesmociqulebma, qarTuli da berZnuli saeklesio wyaroebi zogjer`qvemo iberias~, xolo Zveli rusuli wyaroebi ̀ dasavleT iverias~uwodebdnen - $Gj crfpfyb. ktnjgbcwf- fgjcnjk Fylhtq === ghjybryek dpfgflye. Bdthb. === ,sk jy d Rkfh;tn- Fwrdth- W[ev- Vbyuhtkbb- F,[fpbbb d lheub[ vtcnf[$22=

biWvinTis arqeologiuri kvleviT dadginda, rom am qalaqSiqristianobas uZlieresi safuZvlebi gaaCnda, amitomac miiRokidec 325 wels I msoflio krebis muSaobaSi misma episkoposmamonawileoba, amitom imave regionidan IV msoflio krebisSemzadeba-muSaobaSi episkoposis monawileoba daujereblad armigvaCnia. nikita paflagonieli (gard. 873 w.) pirdapir wers,rom wmida mociqulma andream ̀ iqadaga iverTa Soris~23. amasveacxadebda dabejiTebiT wmida giorgi mTawmideli ori saukunisSemdeg antioqiis patriarqis winaSe.

IV msoflio krebis saqmianobisas episkoposTa jgufmamimarTviT mimarTa imperators, am siaSi naxsenebia `pavle,presviteri, imerieli episkoposis uraniosis moadgile~24,komentaris Tanaxmad sxva xelnawerSi am ̀ imerielis~ nacvladCawerilia ̀ iverieli~25 (imeria – qalaqs erqva anatoliaSi).

qalkedonis krebis xelismomwer episkoposTa Sorisdasaxelebulia ̀ atarve trapezunteli~26. unda vifiqroT, romam krebis suliskveTeba Tavidanve iyo cnobili CvenSi.

maSasadame, qalkedonis krebas ori episkoposi eswrebodaistoriuli saqarTvelodan.

21 giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Z.q.a.l.Z., II, 1967, gv. 153.22 Абхазия и в ней Ново-Афонский... 23 dasax, naSr., gv. 19, SeniSvna 2.24 Деяния Вселенских Соборов, том III, СПБ, 1996, с. 51. 25 iqve, gv. 51, SeniSvna 1.26 iqve, gv. 147.


5. erTi cnoba V msoflio krebis (553 w.)muSaobaSi saqarTvelos episkoposis

monawileobis Sesaxeb

monawileobda Tu ara saqarTvelodan romelime episkoposiV msoflio krebis muSaobaSi, dazustebuli ar aris, istorikosib. diasamiZe miiCnevs, rom Savi zRvispira qalaq petras episkoposiioane monawileobda 553 wlis me-5 msoflio (konstantinopolisII) saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. misi TqmiT, saqarTvelos kidevsami episkoposi awers xels am krebis dadgenilebas, maTganfazisisa da sebastopolisis warmomadgenlebic episkoposisxarisxSi arian moxseniebuli27. Cveni azriT, es cnoba dasazustebelia,radganac piradad gadavaTvaliereT V msoflio krebisxelismomwerTa sia, magram, samwuxarod, aseTi xelismomwerebimasSi ver aRmovaCine, Tumca, SesaZloa, vcdebode. CemiTvalsazrisiT, mdinare klisuras aqeT mdebare dasavleTsaqarTvelos berZnuli saepiskoposoebi Tavisi namdvili saxiTdaarsdnen mxolod herakle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg, rac amimperatorma dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTi uSualodmiuerTa bizantiis imperias, ramac ufleba misca konstantinopolsTavisi iurisdiqcia ganexorcielebina masze. am mosazrebas b.diasamiZe ar iziarebs28.

Cven gvaqvs bizantiis imperator iustinianes XXXI novela,romelSic CamoTvlilia es da sxva qalaqebi. ai, ras wers maTSesaxeb imperatori 535 wels Tavis moxeles - `pitiunti dasebastopolisi xom ufro cixe-simagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidreqalaqebSi~29. rac Seexeba petras, igi iustinianes dros qceulaqalaqad, - igi wers, rom petras ̀ CvengniT xvda wilad qalaqigamxdariyo~30. s. yauxCiSvili varaudobs, rom petra, SesaZloaiqamde ukve iyo dasaxlebuli punqti da garkveuli savaWrocentri, romelic iustinianes dros cixe-simagred gadaiqca31.iustiniane aRniSnul novelaSi CamoTvlis sxva zRvispirasimagreebs (da ara qalaqebs), maT Soris, arqeopolissa darodopoliss, qalaqTa Soris saerTod ar asaxelebs faziss.

27 b. diasamiZe, `qristianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi (I-X saukuneebSi),

gamomcemloba ̀ aWara~, baTumi, 2001 w., gv. 176. 28 iqve, gv. 17. 29 georgika, t. 2,1965, gv. 31. 30 iqve, gv. 34. 31 iqve, SeniSvna 2.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe266qalaqebis raodenoba, TviT iustinianes sitviT, bizantiisaRmosavleT Savi zRvispira adgilebSi Zalze mcire iyo. aseveiyo TviT helenopontoSic ki, romelic Seudareblad ufro iyoganviTarebuli savaWro-ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, vidrelazeTi da WaneTi. iustiniane wers orad gayofili pontosqalaqebis Sesaxeb - ̀ TiToeuli am qveynis qalaqebi rom daiTvalo,Zlivs erTi eparqiisaTvis aRmoCndeba sakmarisi, marTlachelenopontoSi sul rva qalaqia... xolo polemonis pontoSiSedis xuTi sxva qalaqi (neokesaria, komana, trapezunti, kerasuntida polemonioni. pitiunti da sebastopolisi xom ufro cixe-simagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidre qalaqebSi), ase, rom TiToeulipontos Semadgenloba aseTia, maT Semdeg mdebareobs Cveni lazike,sadac aris qalaqi petra, romelsac CvengniT xvda wilad qalaqigamxdariyo da darqmeoda da romelsac mieniWa Cveni uzenaesobissaxelic da ewoda iustiniane, Semdeg arqeopolisi darodopolisi, udidesi da Zveli simagreebi. aqve Sedis agreTveCvens mier sparselebisagan ukan CamorTmeuli simagreebi skandisi,sarapanisi, muxurisi, lisisi da sxva ramec, rac ki lazeTSiSeviZineT, Semdeg modis WanTa qveyana, mxolod axla, Cveni mefobisdros romaelTa mier dapyrobili, masac aqvs ukve qalaqadqceuli adgilebi, momavalSic eqneba sxvebi. am qveynis Semdegdamkvidrebuli arian sxva tomebic, svanebi, skvimnebi. afsilebi,abazgebi da sxva, RvTis SewevniT, Cveni megobari tomebi, magramam qveynebze laparakma Sors wagviyvana, daubrundeT isev pontoebsda maTi gaerTianebis sakiTxs. amgvarad, orive am pontos, romelicxsenebul camet qalaqs Seicaven, kvlav erT eparqiad vaerTianebTda vaniWebT maT Zvelis erTianobas da axal saxelwodebas:helenoponto ewodos mas mTlianad~32. maSasadame, helenopontoSirva qalaqia, polemonis pontoSi ki xuTi, orive ponto iustinianemerT samoqalaqo administraciul erTeulad e.w. eparqiadgaaerTiana helenopontos saxelwodebiT. am pontoSi, kerZod kipolemonis pontoSi Sedian cixe-simagreebi pitiunti dasebastopolisi. ponto – bizantiis anu `romis~ imperiisganuyofeli nawilia. sxvaa lazeTi da WaneTi. lazeTic, Cans,ramdenime nawilad iyofa, maTgan erT-erTs iustiniane `Cvenslazikes~ uwodebs (maSasadame, igi bizantielTa mieraa

32 iustinianes novelebi, georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 34-37.


dapyrobili), masSi Sedis axali qalaqi petra, agreTve ̀ udidesida Zveli simagrebi~ arqeopolisi da rodopolisi. romaelTa(bizantielTa) mier axali dapyrobilia (iustinianes dros)WanTa qveyana. am qveynis gareT cxovrobdnen tomebi svanebisa,skvimnebisa, afsilebsa da abazgebisa.

mkvidri mosaxleoba ZiriTadad soflebSi cxovrobs. amsoflebSi mcxovrebi qristianebis mRvdelmTavars VI s. avtoriprokofi kesarieli - kaTolikoss uwodebs: - `qristianTamRvdelmTavarsac kaTolikoss uwodeben elinTa eniTa, radganis erTi ganagebs yvela iqaur soflebs~33. prokofi kesarieliam kaTalikoss axsenebs swored qalaq petras aRweris dros.ara qalaqis mosaxleobis mRvdelmTavaria ̀ kaTolikosi~, aramed`iqauri soflebisa~. ratom? albaT imitom, rom zRvispiraqalaqebi berZen romael kolonistebs ekuTvnodaT, da araadgilobriv mkvidr mosaxleobas. magaliTad visi qalaqia fazisi?V s. anonimis sityviT, igi berZnebis, kerZod ki miletelikolonistebisaa - ̀ fasisis marcxniT mdebareobs miletelTaelinuri qalaqi, romelsac fazisi ewodeba~34. ara yvela qalaqiaelinebis, aramed isini, romelSic TviTonve kolonistobdnen,magaliTad, imave avtoris cnobiT mdinare fazisze mdebareqalaqi aia – mkvidri mosaxleobisaa, aqedan iyo medea. iustinianesmier zRvispireTSi daarsebuli petra da sxva qalaqebi, cxadia,romaeli jariskacebisa da movaWreebisaTvis aSenda da aramkvidri mosaxleobisaTvis, amitom saeklesio iurisdiqciacSesabamisia – am qalaqebSi mcxovrebi kolonistebis mRvdelmTavariVI s-Si, gansaxilvel droisaTvis sxvaa, xolo mRvdelmTvari`soflebis~ anu mkvidri mosaxleobisa - `kaTolikosia~, aqcxadia, mcxeTeli kaTalikosi igulisxmeba, radganac dasavleTsaqarTveloSi, rogorc dabejiTebiTaa cnobili, kaTalikosiar ijda, aseTi iyo mxolod mcxeTaSi da dvinSi. am ukanasknelsacierarqiulad rom daqvemdebareobda adgilobrivi qristianoba,mainc imas niSnavs, rom zRvispira qalaqebis ucxoeli jariskacebida kolonisti mcxovrebni sxva – berZnul (droebiT)iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. magram, sabednierod gvaqvssomxurive wyaro, romelic dabejiTebiT amtkicebs, rom egrisisqristianebi VI s. bolosa da VII s. dasawyisSi qarTlis

33 georgika, II, 1965, gv. 88. 34 iqve, gv. 4.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe268kaTalikos kirions eqvemdebarebodnen, ̀ Zveli wesis Sesabamisad~_ viTarca egrisis arqiepiskoposs. aqamde, sayovelTaod iyo (daaris cnobili), rom zRvispira qalaqebi berZenTa samosaxloebs(koloniebs, dasaxlebebs) warmoadgendnen, eseni iyvnensevastopolisi – dioskuria, naxsenebi ptolemeosis mier, biWvinTa,fazisi da sxv. kolxeTis berZnul qalaqebs – uwodebs mas s.yauxCiSvili35. yvela Zveli avtoris dabejiTebuli mtkicebiTam qalaqebis gareT mcxovrebi mosaxleoba – barbarosulia, aseuwodebdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos ara berZnul-romaul tomebs,Tumca aRniSnul epoqaSi isini qristianebi iyvnen da TavianTi`lazTa episkoposebi~ da ̀ kaTalikosi~ hyavdaT36.

b. diasamiZem SesaniSnavad gamoikvlia dasavleT saqarTvelossaepiskoposoTa Camoyalibebis istoria, Tumca, mosazreba, rompetras saepiskoposo VI s. Sua xanebSi funqcionirebda da misiepiskoposi ioane monawileobda 553 wlis me-5 msoflio(konstantinopolis II) saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi saeWvoa37.radganac me-5 msoflio krebis muSaobis dros cixe-qalaqipetra miwasTan iyo gasworebuli im aTwliani daundobelibrZolis gamo, romelic swored am qalaqisaTvis mimdinareobdaromaelTa (bizantielTa) da iranelTa jarebs Soris. masSiaTasobiT saukeTeso meomari monawileobda TviT iranissaxelovani Sahis xosro I-isa da gamoCenili bizantielistrategebis moTaveobiT. lazikis didi 20-wliani omis dros542 wels petras miadga iranelTa Sahi da didi brZolisSemdeg qalaqi aiRo da masSi Tavisi jari Caayena. es jari aqidga. 551 wels 6000 bizantielma meomarma qalaqi gaWirvebiTaiRo, akropolisSi gamagrebulma 500 sparselma meomarma tyveobascocxlad dawva amjobina. bizantielebma qalaqi aiRes, Semdegki misi zRudeebi miwasTan gaaswores, rom mters is momavalSikvlav ar daemkvidrebina. lazikaSi omi kidev gagrZelda 562wlis zavis dadebamde. ase rom, 553 wels qalaqi petra miwasTaniyo gasworebuli da amitomac mas, albaT, arc episkoposi hyavda!rogorc iTqva, gvaeWvebs petras episkopisis monawileoba 553wlis mexuTe krebis muSaobaSi, arc is aris gamoricxuli, romTuki namdvilad hyavda petras episkoposi VI saukuneSi, igiomianobis gamo ltolvilis statusiT imyofeboda konstantino-

35 georgika, II, 1965, gv. 26. 36 iqve, gv. 125. 37 iqve, gv. 176.


polSi. mcxeTeli kaTalikosi imJamad miRebuli CveulebisTanaxmad eTnosis (eris) pirvelmRvdelmTavrad iTvleboda(viTarca moiTxovos mociqulTa 34-e kanoni), am eris qveS kiCven unda vigulisxmoT qarTvelebi, romelTac somxebi vracebs,xolo berZnebi da romaelebi lazebs da iberebs uwodebdnen.s. yauxCiSvili wers: ̀ rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, berZen-romaelmamwerlebma kargad icodnen, rom iberia ewodeboda ara mxolodqarTls (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo), aramed dasavleT saqarTveloszRvsipira olqsac. magaliTad – pliniusi (VI, 11): ̀ am adgilebSi,mTebs iqiT aris iberia, sanapiroze cxovrobdnen henioxebi,amprevetebi, lazebi~, istorikosi epifane (VIII s.): ̀ mociquliandria qadagebda skviTTa, sogdianTa da gorsinTa Soris didsevastopolSi, sadac aris afsari, isosis navsayudari da mdinarefazisi. iq cxovroben iberebi, susebi, fustebi da alanebi.~igive epifane kvlav wers - ̀ sxva mociqulebi iyvnen qalaqebSi,qadagebdnen, saswaulmoqmedebdnen da iyvnen iberiaSi da fazisSi,ramdenime dRis Semdeg mividnen svaneTSi~. s.yauxCiSvilismtkicebiT ucxoeli mkvlevarebi ìberiasa~ da ìberebSi~gulisxmobdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos olqsa da mcxovreblebs(zRvispiras) amitomac s.yauxCiSvils dadgenilad miaCnia, romdasavleT saqarTvelo dasaxlebuli iyo ara mxolod megrul-Wanuri tomebiT, aramed iberielebiTac38. Cveni fiqriT, Secdomaasxvadasxva eTnosebad warmovadginoT ìberebi~ da `megrel-Wanebi~. es erTi xalxi iyo, erTi enis mqone, amis SesaxebmiuTiTebs TiTqmis Tanadrouli VII saukunis wyaro ̀ moqcevaiqarTlisai~, romlis mixedviTac arian-qarTlidan gadmosaxlebulimosaxleoba dasaxlda ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,aramed mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mdinare egriswylamde,xolo XII s. dasawyisis moRvawe arsen beri werda _ `Cven,Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da enai maTivuwyiT~, somxuri wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiTac samxreTisqveynidan gadmosaxlebis Semdeg nabuqodonosorma qarTvelebidaasaxla Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. qarTvelTaTavdapirvel sacxovrad kavkasiaSi rogorc movses xorenaci,ise uxtanesi miiCnevs dasavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod kiSavizRvispireTs39. b.diasamiZis mniSvnelovani dakvirvebiT,38 georgika, II, 1965, gv. 26. 39 saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria,t. I, gv. 107-109.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe270aRniSnul epoqaSi - àdgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena amdros arc ise didi xnis wina aris gamoyofili saerTo qarTulifuZe enidan~40.

T. gamyreliZem da m. maWavarianma daadgines, rom ̀ qarTul-zanuri divergencia moxda Cveni welTaRricxvis mijnaze41.aRniSnul epoqaSi - àdgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena amdros arc ise didi xnis win aris gamoyofili saerToqarTveluri fuZe enidan~40.

àkad. a. Ciqobava da Semdeg misi mimdevrebi (q. lomTaTiZe,m. qurdiani, t. futkaraZe) am sakiTxis Seswavlis amosavalmeTodad kanonzomier da regularul bgeraTSesatyvisobisarsebobis dadgenas miiCneven. am meTodiT sakiTxis SeswavliTgakeTebulia daskvna, rom Zveli welTaRricxvis II saukunidaniwyeba saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enidan SiSina ̀ a enis~ gamoyofa,romlisaganc momdevno aTaswleulSi CamoinakvTa zanuri (SiSinao) da svanuri (SiSina a) enebi... axali welTaRricxvis IXsaukunidan zanurs, svanursa da qarTuls Soris ukveCamoyalibebulia), CvenTvis cnobili bgeriT-Sesatyvisobani, magramyvela qarTuli samefos saxelmwifo da saeklesio ena maincsaliteraturo qarTulia~42 _ wers b. diasamiZe.

axali kvlevebiT miCneulia, rom kolxuri kultura iyosaerTo qarTuli kultura da mis Semqmnel xalxs `gaaCndasaerTo qarTuli ena da rom farnavazi da quji erT enazelaparakobdnen da amanac gaadvila maSin saqarTvelos am orinawilis gaerTianeba. zanuris saerTo qarTveluri enidangamoyofas axali welTaRricxvidan varaudoben... amitom IVsaukunis kolxisaTvis sulac ar iqneboda gaugebari aRmosavluriqarTuli ena, amitom sarwmuno Cans mTavarepiskopos a.jafariZisazri – wers b. diasamiZe – rom, marTalia, arsebobda axladwarmoqmnili qarTuli fuZe enis daSlis Sedegad miRebulitomobrivi enebi qarTebisa da megrelebisa, magram es enebierTmaneTis mimarT dialeqtebs warmoadgendnen da imdenadaxlos idgnen erTmaneTTan, rom SeiZleboda erTian enazelaparaki~43. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebda jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili,

40 b. diasamiZe, qristianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, baTumi, 2001, gv. 7141 iqve, gv. 72, gamyreliZe T., maWavariani g., sonantTa sistema da ablautiqarTvelur enebSi, 1965, gv. 17. 42 iqve, gv. 73, futkaraZe t., saqarTveloSienobriv-eTnikuri situaciis istoriuli dinamikisaTvis (winaswari

moxseneba), quTaisi, 1999, gv. 159. 43 b.diasamiZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 74.


rodesac man gamoikvlia, rom qristianobis miRebamde saqarTvelosyvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris samegrelosa da svaneTSi warmarTulikultmsaxurebis enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, da warmarTulisakulto terminologia (qarTulenovani) Zalze daxvewili iyo,rom qristianobis SemoRebis Semdeg saerTo saRvTismetyvelosaeklesio enis Seqmna – CamonakveTis saqmeSi megrelebsa dasvanebs aqtiuri monawileoba hqonda miRebuli. ivanejavaxiSvilis am kvlevis mamtkicebel faqtad miviCnevT Cvenioane lazis (igive miTridate pontoelis) yofnas aRmosavleTsaqarTveloSi swored saeklesio liturgikuli enisCamoyalibebis dros iberiis samefo karze (sadac mimdinareobdakidec es muSaoba), ufliswulis, momavali petre iberis,aRmzrdelad da naTliad ioane lazi. s. yauxCiSvilis mixedviT,fasisis ritorikuli skolis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli iqnamiwveuli da amitom ioane lazis mier dafuZnebul lazTamonasterSi, romelic ierusalimis gareT udabnoSi mdebareobdaaRmoCnda kidec dRemde erT-erTi uZvelesi saeklesioasomTavruli warwerebi44. rogorc cnobilia, imperatormaiustinianem VI s-Si ganaaxla ̀ iberTa monasteri ierusalimSi,lazTa monasteri ierusalimis udabnoSi~45. amitomac undavifiqroT, rom IV-VI saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidrimosaxleoba Sedioda Tavisi eTnikuri mRvdelmTavrisiurisdiqciaSi, romelsac yvelani prokofi-kesarielis TqmiT`kaTolikoss~ uwodebdnen. igi, cxadia, mcxeTeli kaTalikosia,aseve prokofi kesarielis mierve moxseniebuli lazTaepiskoposebi46 – saeklesio TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul drosqarTulenovanebi iyvnen da mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSiSediodnen (amitomac iyo VI s. bolos kirioni, `egrisisarqiepiskoposi~) VI s-Si iustinianes mier axlad daarsebul q.petrasa da sxva cixe-simagreSi mcxovrebi berZnuli garnizonisaeklesio iurisdiqciis mxriv vfiqrob konstantinopolissapatriarqos eqvemdebareboda, xolo am berZnul-romauliqalaqebisa cixe-simagreebis gareT mdebare soflebisa daqalaqebis samwyso Sedioda `lazTa episkoposebisa~ da maTizemdgomi ̀ kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, vidre VII s. 20-30-ian

44 mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo)enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis – ioane lazi, Tb., 2002, gv. 5-21. 45 georgika,II, 1965, gv. 223. 46 iqve, gv. 125.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe272wlebamde herakle keisaris laSqrobamde. amis mamtkicebelmagaliTad Cven migvaCnia martvilis (Wyondidis) saepiskoposotaZari (kaTedra) agebuli VII s. aRniSnul wlebamde, qarTuliarqiteqturis gamoyenebiT da masSi arsebuli qarTuliTanadrouli warwerebiT, cxadia – igi Sedioda qarTuli(mcxeTis) eklesiis (kaTalikosis) iurisdiqcis qveS, magram masSemdeg, rac bizantiam miitaca qarTuli saxelmwifos miwa-wyali vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapanis xazamde (VII s. 20-30-ianwlebidan) dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoria (zRvidan amxazamde) mTeli Tavisi mosaxleobiT oficialurad Sevidakonstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi. Sedegad fasisis samitro-politosa da misi saepiskoposebis samwysos ukve warmoadgendamTeli mkvidri mosaxleoba, maSasadame, es saepiskoposoebigadaiqcnen mkvidri qarTuli samwysos sasuliero centrebad,Tumca konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS nacvlad mcxeTelikaTalikosisa.

iustinianes dros, VI s-is I naxevarSi saqarTvelo (yofiliqarTlis samefo) erTmaneTs Soris gainawiles bizantielebmada sparselebma, Tumca dava maT Soris ar Sewyvetila, sparseTiamtkicebda, rom iberebi maTi xeldebuli xalxia, amitomacdasavleT saqarTveloSi mas aqvs uflebebi flobdes adreiberiaSi Semaval SavizRvispireTis teritoriebs. petrasaTvisomi sparselebsa da bizantielebs Soris miuTiTebs, rom petrasmimdebare miwebi sparselebisaTvis iberiul teritoriadganixileboda, amitomac mas iuridiuli ufleba hqonda am miwa-wyalze viTarca iberiaze – mis xeldebul qveyanaze. iqamde (VIs-mde) gacilebiT adre straboni (I s.) amtkicebda, rom ̀ svanebs-zogierTebi iberebs uwodeben~. e.i. svanebic iberieli xalxiserT-erT tomad miiCneoda I saukunisaTvis. arianes cnobiT,petrasTan (yofil afsarosTan) iyo iberiis sazRvari. lazebismiwa-wyals (igulisxmeba petradan – md. klisuramde) – sparselebiswored iberiulad miiCnevdnen, amitomac aZlevdnen kidevacTavis Tavs nebas, edavaT am miwa-wylis sparseTis saxelmwifoSiSesayvanad (rogorc iTqva, viTarca iberiis erTi nawilisa),sirielebic lazebs – urZebs (aqedan gurZebs) uwodebdnen,iseve rogorc saerTod aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

mosaxleobas). laz®urZ®gurZ-gur fuZe unda Candes somxurtermin `xorZeneSi~ (xorZ®xurZ®urZ®gurZ). xorZene iyo


istoriuli lazeTis provincia. aRsaniSnavia, rom xorenacisada sxva somexi istorikosebis cnobiT qarTuli anbanisrestavracia (Seqmna-SemuSavebis) dros qarTlis mefe bakuriskarze Sekrebilan qarTuli provinciebidan, maT Soris xorZenedanda taronidan Casuli sasuliero pirebi47. lazeTidan CasulimiTridate lazi kidec iyo aRmzrdeli V s. dasawyisSi patarapetre iberisa qarTlis samefo karze, sadac im droisaTvisqarTebisa da lazebis (gurZebis) mecadineobiT SemuSavdaqarTuli liturgikuli ena. (Seadare - ̀ andria qadagebda skviTTa,

sogdianTa da gorsinTa Soris~ - gorsin®gursin®gurZin,`guria~, ̀ eguri~, ̀ argueTi~).

unda davaskvnaT, rom VI s-dan VII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde -dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnul-romaul cixe-qalaqTa garnizonida mosaxleoba Sesabamis ucxour iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda,xolo `soflur adgilTa~ anu faqtobrivad mTeli qveynismrevli prokofis mier dasaxelebul ̀ kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciisqveS.

6. VI msoflio saeklesio krebis (680 w.) miersaqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba

680 wels konstantinopolSi Sedga msoflio saeklesiokreba. igi moiwvia imperatorma konstantine poRonatma (668-685),raTa emxilebina monoTelitebis crumoZRvreba. monoTelitebi,marTalia, cnobdnen qristeSi or - RvTaebriv da kacobrivbunebas, magram aRiarebdnen masSi mxolod RvTaebriv nebisyofas.

imperatori herakle, romlis drosac suli Caedga am eress,fiqrobda, rom am axali moZRvrebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeliiqneboda monofizitebisa da diofizitebis Serigeba. am oruzarmazar sarwunoebriv banaks Soris mtroba imperiasganxeTqilebiT emuqreboda. monoTelitobis eress TavidanveebrZodnen sofron ierusalimeli da konstantinopoleli berimaqsime aRmsarebeli (mas ena da xelic ki mokveTes amis gamo,sabolood ki lazikaSi gadmoasaxles).

47 m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, gv. 224.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe274meeqvse msoflio krebam 170 episkoposis monawileobiT

dagmo monoTelitobis eresi. ganisazRvra qristeSi ori buneba- RvTaebrivi da kacobrivi. am or bunebas ori nebisyofa aqvs,magram ise, rom kacuri nebisyofa ar ewinaaRmdegeba da emorCilebaRvTaebrivs.

VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoutania, magram zogierTiqarTuli xelnaweris Tanaxmad, miuRia dadgenilebani, maT Soris,qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebis Sesaxebac.ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. `qarTliscxovrebis~ CanarTi wers: ̀ ... iqmna kreba meeqvse, wmidaTa mamaTakonstantinopolis Sina, meaTsametesa welsa poRonatikonstantines mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisawinamZRvar iyvnes Teodore da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni,adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon romis papisani da giorgi konstantino-poleli, Teofane antioqieli. amis krebisa mier brZanes esreTwmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa,raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolikeeklesiani, sapatriaqoni da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa sworipatriarqTa Tana, da akurTxevdes da mwysides da ganagebdessamarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa, mitrapolitTa da episkoposTasamwysosa Tvissa qarTlisa, gamoRma-gaRma kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansada midgmiT wamovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTisa da CerqezissazRvramdis, sruliad oseTsa da yovelsa zemo qarTlsa, samcxe-saaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani. mashmonebdnen da mis xel queSe iyvnen da sjulsa missa erCden damisgan imwyesebodnen. da migvicemia xelmwifeba Sekvrisa daganxsnisa... xolo pirveliTgan antioqiisa krebisa mierganpatiosnebuli iyo. da am krebis mier dagvimtkicebia patriaqad,rameTu nu iqnebin mitropolitni, nuca episkoposi kaTalikosisaSeundobrad. xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros kaTalikosisawinaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman, gina mitropolitman, anuepiskoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia ZaliTa,kaTalikosisa ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe,gina mTavarni, anu mTavarespikoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni,ganikueTen. xolo odesa enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa,akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~48.

48 q.c., I, gv. 232.


rogorc iTqva, VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoucia,magram krebis mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier damtkicebulisaboloo teqsti 681 wlis 16 seqtembers gadaeca saimperatorokars sagangebod dasacavad49.

safiqrebelia, rom swored es saboloo teqsti unda dadebodasafuZvlad `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil CanarTsmsoflio krebis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqoRirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. v. goilaZis azriT, am TvalsazrisisgamoTqmis uflebas iZleva ̀ martvilur xelnawerebSi~ arsebulimsgavsi cnoba. es cnoba aseTia: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebelars taxtikonsa Sina konstantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsawmida meeqvsesa krebasa konstantine poRonatisasa da aRaTonromTa papisa, giorgi konstantinopolelisasa da Teofaneantioqielisasa da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa mamaTagan gapatiosndakaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisuflad dauflad yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasaSina antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTuarRaravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavariars~50.

`martvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli`konstantino-poluri taqtikoni~, SesaZloa, iyos is dokumenti,romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers gadaeca Sesanaxad samefokaris samdivnos.

marTalia, aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w.trulis kreba, romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT.Sekriba da gamosca wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magrammaTSi ar Sesula mravali kanoni da dadgenileba wina krebebisa,albaT, masSi ar moxvda aseve VI krebis dadgenileba qarTulieklesiis Sesaxeb51.

v. goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~zemoaRniSnuli cnoba sandoa, radganac masSi sworadaa asaxulikrebis mimdinareobis istoriuli viTareba, kerZod, krebazedamswreTa Soris moxseniebulia ara antioqieli patriarqimakariosi, romelic krebam monoTelit-mwvaleblad aRiara da

49 Лебедев А.П., Вселенские соборы VI, VII и VIII веков, М., 1897. 50 martvilisxelnawerebi, Zveli saqarTvelo, t. III, 1913-1914. 51 v. goilaZe, qarTulieklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 195.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe276gaaZeva, aramed mis adgilze arCeuli axali patriarqi antioqiisaTeofane, romelic bolomde iyo krebaze.

maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografiassamarTlianad miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqoRirseba moipova VI msoflio krebaze, 681 wels. iqamdepatriarqis wodebas atarebda amierkavkasiis orive mezobelieklesiis meTaurebi - somxeTisa da albaneTisa. rogorc eskargad Cans movses kalankatuacis Txzulebidan. amitomac araagasakviri is, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs eZia patriarqiswodeba da moepovebina es udidesi Rirseba msoflio eklesiisdasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pativi gauTanabrdebodamsoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas sagangebod aRniSnavscnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisasaqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos sworpativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani,sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTaTana~52. aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis samwyso. masSieTnikuri qarTuli teritoriebis garda, Sevida albaneTis yofilsapatriarqoSi Semavali qarTuli eTnosiT dasaxlebuliteritoriebi: Saqi da Sirvani, maT garda, kavkasiis mTianeTi`midgmiT - warmovliT mTisa adgilni~ - esenia dRevandelidaRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi vidre `suaneTisa da CerqezissazRvramdis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi imdroisaTvis mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda. aRsaniSnavia,rom albaneTis eklesia, swored VII s-is dasasruls SeierTasomxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m. kalankatuacis Tanaxmad;xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri qarTvelebiTdasaxlebuli mxareebi, rogorc aRiniSna, daubrunda dedaeklesias.yovel SemTxvevaSi, am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisiiurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda, romelic man mogvianebiTganaxorciela kidec.

aRsaniSnavia meore garemoebac, rom Savi zRvispira qarTulimxareebi am droisaTvis, e.i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, araa qarTulieklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. marTlac, am dros es miwa-wyalidasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawili vidre e.w. ̀ skanda-Sorapnis~ xazamde konstantinopolis sapatriarqos miaCnda

52 q.c. I, gv. 232.


Tavisi iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad, radganac aq iyvnenberZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-cixisZirisa da sxv. IX-X saukuneebSi qarTveli qristianebiTdasaxlebuli es teritoria daubrunda qarTul dedaeklesias.

VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiisufleba mironis kurTxevisa: `odesca enebos Semzadeba dakurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~53.

7. 691 wlis e.w. `trulis~ msoflio saeklesiokrebis xelis momweri episkoposebi

dasavleT saqarTvelodan

konstantinopolis V (553 w.) da VI (681 w.) msoflio krebebssaeklesio kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT. es xarvezebi 102 kanoniTSeavso konstantinopolis 691 wlis e.w. trulis krebam. amkanonis xelismomwerTa Sorisaa dasavleT saqarTvelos oriierarqi – foTis, anu ̀ fasoÁs~ episkoposi Teodore da cixisZiris,anu `petronis~ episkoposi ioane. trulis krebis aqti aseaSesuli cnobil did qarTul sjuliskanonSi: `kanonnikonstantinopolis gumbadsa Sina sameufoÁsa palatisasaSekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes ze keTilad msaxurisada qristes moyuarisa mefisa Cuenisa~54. am 102 kanons xelsawers 226 episkoposi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan. rigismixedviT xels aweren romis papi, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,antioqiis, ierusalimis patriarqebi (episkoposebi), rigSi 35-earis xelismowera foTis episkoposisa aseTi saxiT: ̀ TeodoreuRirsman episkoposman fasoÁsaman sofelsa Sina megrelTasaganvsazRvren da warvweren~, xolo 220-e aris xelis moweracixisZireli episkoposisa aseTi saxiT: `ioane uRirsmanepiskoposman qalaqisa petronisaman queyanisagan megrelTaÁsaganvsazRvre da warvwere~55.

rogorc vxedavT, trulis, anu ̀ gumbadis~ msoflio krebas,romelmac Seavso V da VI msoflio krebis kanonSemoqmedebiTimxare, ar eswrebodnen im droisaTvis cnobili da amierkavkasiis

53 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 232. 54 didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 365. 55 iqve,gv. 407, gv. 418.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe278masStabiT udidesi saqarTvelos (mcxeTis), somxeTisa daalbaneTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, xolo foTisa dacixisZiris episkoposebi krebas xels awerdnen ara rogorcsaqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, aramed rogorckonstantinopolis sapatriarqos lazikis eparqiis warmomadgenlebi.ratom ar monawileobdnen saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da sxvacnobil eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi e.w. trulis saeklesiokrebaze? amis pasuxs iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii iurievski:`1. msoflio ekumenuri (da ara ̀ kaTolike~ - sayovelTao) krebaimperatorisa da saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqismitropoliti ki ar iwvevs, aramed imperatori (TundacmounaTlavi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, konstantine didi, romelmacsaTave daudo msoflio krebebs); 2. krebas eswrebian ara TavianTsamitropolitoebSi arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatorisxelisuflebis Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da gamoZaxebulni,ris gamoc 3. yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposebis daswrebaar iyo savaldebulo (me-3 msoflio krebaze ar iyo karTagenis500-ze meti episkoposidan arc erTi)~56.

arqiepiskopos loliis ganmartebaze dayrdnobiTYSegviZliaganvacxadoT, rom trulis saeklesio kreba iyo kreba bizantiisimperiisa, rom-berZnuli saxelmwifosi. amitom mas eswrebodnenmxolod am saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli eparqiebisepiskoposebi imperatoris gamoZaxebis Sesabamisad.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo im droisaTvis bizantiisagandamoukideblad arsebobda, amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiisepiskoposebis gamoZaxeba ar SeeZlo bizantiis imperators daarc amis saWiroeba daunaxavs. xolo, rac Seexeba dasavleTsaqarTvelos foTisa da cixisZiris episkoposebs, maTi gamoZaxebaSeeZlo imperators, radganac VII s-is miwurulisaTvis, rodesackreba Catarda, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoriavidre e.w. ̀ skanda-Sorapanis~ xazamde daWerili iyo bizantielTamier da Sedioda imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. es miwa-wyali VIIsaukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Camoacalabizantiis imperatorma heraklem, ris Semdegac aq Tavisiurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom.konstantinopolis qmedeba iyo kanonikuri, radganac qalkedoniskrebis gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, nebismieri saxelmwifos SigniT

56 Архиепископ Лолий (Юрьевский), Александрия и Египет, Богословские Труды, 25,1984. стрю 151, прим. 140.


am saxelmwifos eklesias ufleba aqvs Tavisi iurisdiqciisgavrcelebisa. maSasadame, dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTulimosaxleoba VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi Seiyvanes konstanti-nopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiaqciaSi. iqamde dasavleTsaqarTvelos qristianebi IV-V saukuneebSi Sediodnen qarTuli,anu mcxeTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. aseve iyo VII saukuniscalkeul monakveTebSi. VI saukuneSi somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad,kaTalikosi kirion I imavdroulad megrelTa arqiepiskoposadiTvleboda. aseve vaxuStis cnobis Tanaxmad, dasavleTsaqarTvelos qristianebi mcxeTis samwysod iTvlebodnen (kerZod,mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs eqvemdebareboda dasavleTsaqarTvelos dablobebi, e.w. ̀ vake~, xolo niqozis episkoposs -raWis mTianeTi). kirioni, z. aleqsiZis varaudiT, roca igisparselebma gadaayenes kaTalikosobidan somxur eklesiasTancnobili paeqrobis Semdeg, gadasula dasavleT saqarTvelosTavissave eparqiaSi da foTis mitropolitis kaTedra auRiaTavis xelSi. am kaTedraze myofi daxvedria igi herakle keisarssparseTTan laSqrobis win. am kaTedraze yofnis dros berZnuliwyaroebiT ̀ fasisis episkoposs kiross~ heraklesaTvis miuwodebiaidea monoTelitobis Sesaxeb.

herakle keisris laSqrobaTa Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSiteritoria e.w. `skand-Sorapanis~ xazamde (e.i. iberiasTansazRvramde) bizantielebs dauWeriaT, amitomac `bizantiurisaeklesio ekTesiebiT (nusxebi), konstantinopolis patriarqisadmidaqvemdebarebul lazikis eparqiis fasidis mitropolitseqvemdebarebodnen oTxi qalaqis - rodopolisis, saisinTa, petrasda ziganevis episkoposebi da avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposebi:1. abasgiisa - sebastopolis arqiepiskoposi. 2. jiqeTisa -qersonis, 3. bosforis da 4. nikopolis mTvarepiskoposebi~57.

maSasadame, ̀ trulis~ krebas dasavleT saqarTvelos xuTisaepiskoposodan eswrebodnen ori, foTis, anu `fasidis~mitropolitis xarisxSi myofi episkoposi da petras, anu`petronis~ episkoposi. foTis, anu fasidis samitropolitozemoCamoTvlili saepiskoposoebiT Sedioda ̀ lazikis eparqiaSi~,anu eklesiurad lazikas miekuTvneboda.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorcmTawmindelebi, ise sxvebi, sityva ̀ lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo

57 georgika, IV, 1952 w. nakveTi II, gv. 123-140, 147.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe280sityvad da `lazikis~ fard qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnensityvas: ̀ sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad, andrias ̀ mimosvlis~Targmanis dros maT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc ̀ sofelimegrelTa~, da asea kidec Sesuli ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi(andrias `mimosvlis~ aRwerisas). aRsaniSnavia, rom igiveSesatyvisi `sofeli megrelTa~ Sesulia zemoaRniSnulepiskoposTa xelis moweraSic. maSasadame dedanSi ewera ̀ Teodore,episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~. qarTvelma mTargmnelma asegadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposi fasoisa, sofelsa SinamegrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane, episkoposi qalaqpetronisa, lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelma gadmoiRo ̀ ioane,episkoposi qalaqisa petronisa, qveyanasa Sina megrelTaÁsa~.

am droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira ̀ berZnuli~saepiskoposoebi sinamdvileSi ukve warmoadgendnen adgilobriviqarTuli mosaxleobis saepiskoposoebs, ̀ berZnuli~ isini iyvnenimdenad, ramdenadac maT samwysoSi Semaval eklesiebSi wirva-locva berZnuli iyo da ierarqiulad ara mcxeTas, aramedkonstantinopols eqvemdebarebodnen. magram bizantiis imperiisarabTa mier SesustebisTanave, gansakuTrebiT ki mas Semdeg, rackonstantinopolSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi gamwvavda xatmebrZolurieresi, dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma uaryveskonstantinopolis iurisdiqcia da TandaTan daubrundnenqarTul dedaeklesias. dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiebSi aRsdgaqarTulenovani wirva-locva, VIII-IX saukuneebSi es procesiTiTqmis dasrulda.

trulis, anu ̀ gumbadis~ saeklesio krebis xelis momweriepiskoposebi sinamdvileSi warmoadgendnen qarTuli samwysos,e. i. eparqiis mcxovrebTa umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs.

cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordanias Tanaxmad, zemoaRniSnul(trulis) krebis (mas mexuTe msoflio krebad Tvlis T. Jordania)kanonebs xeli moawera oTxma qarTvelma episkoposma: ̀ mexuTekrebis kanonebi xelmowerilia qarTvel episkoposTagan: 1.`Teodore uRirsman episkopozman fasoÁsaman, sofelsa megrelTasaganvsazRvren da wavweren~, 2. georgi episkopozman kamaxisa(kalmaxisa?) didisa somxeTisa soflebisagan... 3. fotiepiskoposman qalaqisa sevastopolelTaisagan... 4. iovane uRirsmanepiskopozman, qalaqisa petronisagan, queyanisagan megrelTaisaganvsazRvre da wavwere (petroni aris awindeli cixis Ziri)58.

58 T. Jordania, qronikebi, I, gv. 88, SeniSvna.


sevastopolisi marTlac erqva cxums, magram es saxelisxva mraval zRvispira qalaqsac erqva. e.w. `didi somxeTis~erTi nawili aRniSnul dros bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda daam geografiuli saxelis miuxedavad, iq mravali qarTuli sofeliarsebobda. ̀ kamax~ - kamaxel episkoposs amitom miiCnevda TedoJordania qarTvelad.

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, trulis krebamde aTi-TerTmetiwliT adre, 681 wels, konstantinopolSi Semdgarma VI msofliokrebam ganixila qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi (Tanaxmad zogierTiistoriuli cnobisa). manve gansazRvra saqarTvelos sapatriarqosiurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom SesaZloa VImsoflio kreba marTlac Seexo qarTuli eklesiis problemebs,radganac am krebam ganixila monoTelitobis sakiTxi, xolomonoTelitobis erT-erTi eresiarqi iyo fasiseli mitropolitikirosi, romelic herakle keisarma foTidan gadaiyvana ufromZlavr kaTedraze da aamaRla aleqsandriis patriarqis taxtze.zaza aleqsiZis varaudiT, kirosi iyo igive kirioni, gaZevebuliVII s-is dasawyisSi mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxtidan monofizitebismier. epistoleTa wignSi marTlac TiTqosda Cans kidec kirionismonoTelituri Sexedulebani. mag. curtaveli qarTveliaznaurebi weren somexTa patriarqs - `Cven es sarwmunoebacgvaqvs da Tqvenic~ e.i. monofizitobasa da diofizitobas arganvasxvavebT, vaerTianebTo. kirosis sakiTxs SeiZleba wamoewiaqarTuli eklesiis sakiTxic.

maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom 691 wlis trulis saeklesiokrebas namdvilad eswrebodnen qarTveli episkoposebi SavizRvispira qalaqebisa, magram, radganac es regioni imJamadSedioda bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi, aRniSnuliepiskoposebi kanonikurad konstantinopolis eklesiisiurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.

8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msofliokrebaze (787 w.)

trapezunti - SavizRvispireTis erT-erTi cnobili qalaqi,marTalia saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT armoqceula, magram, radganac igi istoriulad lazikaSi anuqarTveli xalxiT dasaxlebul miwa-wyalze mdebareobda,amitomac VII msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposi qristefore

mitropoliti anania jafariZe282trapezunteli Cven SeiZleba miviCnioT qarTveli marTlmadidebelimrevlis ierarqad, miT umetes, rom mas ̀ faziseli episkoposis~tituli hqonia.

787 wels nikeaSi Semdgari meSvide msoflio saeklesiokrebis sxdomebi erT weliwads grZeldeboda. 367 episkoposmaganixila xatTa Tayvaniscemis sakiTxi da 22 kanoniT aRadginaigi. marTlmadidebelTa ukanaskneli da yvelaze xangrZlividevna xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo Sewyda. qarTvelma marTlmadideblebma,romelnic xatmebrZolobas mxars arasodes uWerdnen, Tavisineba gamoxates episkoposis xelismoweriT, romelsac hqondatituli ̀ qristefore, episkoposi fasisisa anu trapizonisa~59.

m. berZniSvili gamoTqvams Tavis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb,Tu ratom hqonda episkopos qristefores ori kaTedris ierarqissaxeli – fasisisa da trapezonisa. m. berZniSvilis varaudiTSesaZlebelia afxazebis mier fazisis dapyrobis Semdegepiskoposi gadavida trapizonSi da tradiciis mixedviT, sakuTarTavs faziselic uwoda60.

marTalia leon II-is dros (753-798) Camoyalibda ̀ afxazTasamefo~, magram es ar niSnavs, rom am dros dasavleT saqarTvelos`dapyroba~ moxda afxazTa mier, am sityvis TanamedrovemniSvnelobiT. `qarTlis cxovrebiseul~ axsnas am samefoslegitimuri Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb ratomrac yuradReba areqceva. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad afxazTa mefeebi iyvnenqarTlis mefeTa legitimuri memkvidreebi. leon II-m ammemkvidreobiT miiRo ̀ mefis~ wodeba.

rogorc ̀ moqcevai qarTlisaÁs~, ise ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~sxvadasxva mematianeebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT Camoyali-bebisTanave, mefe farnavazis droidan, qarTlis samefo moicavdadasavleT saqarTvelos mdinare egriswyalmde. aseTive viTarebaiyo mefe mirianis drosac, mefe vaxtang gorgaslis dros qarTlissamefos sazRvari gadaiwia ufro CrdiloeTiT da daido mdinareklisuraze. klisuras iqiT mdebare miwa-wyali, romelsacafxazeTi erqva, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi, ammdinareze gadadioda sazRvari saqarTvelosa da ̀ saberZneTs~Soris. mematianes cnobiT viTareba Seicvala herakle keisrisdros, Tbilisis alyisas gancdili marcxisa da sxva mizezTa

59 k. kekeliZe, adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli literatura, 1935, gv. 28.60 m.berZniSvili, qalaq fazisis istoriisaTvis, 1969, gv. 186.


gamo man dasaja qarTlis samefo da erismTavari stefanozi,romelmac `ara ineba gandgoma sparsTagan~, amasTanave is`morwmuneTa emtereboda da urwmunoTa moyvrobda~61. stefanoz`bagratoani~ guram I kurapalatis STamomavali heraklemtaxtidan Camoagdo, mis sagvareulos CamoarTva mefobis uflebada taxtze aiyvana Zvel xosroian mefeTa STamomavali adarnasebakuris Ze, magram am adarnases herakle keisarma qarTlis samefosrul sazRvrebSi aRar daubruna, qarTlis saxelmwifosimperatorma CamoaWra SavizRvispireTi, cxadia, igulisxmebaklisuramde, mematiane wers - ̀ maSin kualad wariRes berZenTasazRvari qarTlisa: speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRvis piri~62.Cveni istorikosebis TvalsazrisiT herakle keisarma qarTlissamefos CamoarTva mxolod spersa da klarjeTis bolosTanmdebare zRvis momijnave teritoria, magram Cveni azriT mematianeaq spersa da klarjeTis bolos asaxelebs viTarca ukiduressamxreT wertils, radganac qarTlis samefos meore sasazRvromijna Savi zRvis pirze – klisura mas mravaljer hqonodadasaxelebuli [termin `zRvis piris~ qveS rom mTeli SavizRvis pireTi igulisxmeba da ara misi erTi monakveTi, es Cans`qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxva adgilidan: murvan yrum ̀ daibanakapitiotas, zRvis pirs, qalaqsa, romelsa hqvian cxumi... da CaiarauRmerToman murvan yru zRvis piri da gamoixuna cixeni daqalaqni zRvis pirisani...~63, ase, rom, rodesac mematiane wers, romherakle keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra `sazRvariqarTlisa... zRvis piri~, gulisxmobs, rogorc vTqviT zRvispiramiwa-wyals erT sazRvar klisuridan meore sazRvar speramde].herakle keisari ise gamZvinvarebuli yofila, rom amiT ardakmayofilebula, qveynidan udidesi siwmidenic gautania - ̀ maSinherakle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da uruSeTiT ferxTaficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni...Sewuxna adarnase, qarTlisa mTavari, da evedreboda keisarsa,raTa ara warixunes niWni igi RrmrTisa mierni, ara isminakeisarman vedreba misi da warixuna... mokuda adarnase da dadgaZe misi stefanoz~64.

maSasadame, mematianes sityviT, herakle keisarma 620-30-ianwlebSi qarTlis samefos Camoacala zRvispira teritoriaklisuridan – speramde. ai, aq ganaxorciela konstantinopolis

61 qarTlis cxoveba I, gv. 224-226. 62 iqve, gv. 226. 63 iqve, gv. 238-239. 64 iqve, gv. 228.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe284sapatriarqom Tavisi saeklesio iurisdiqcia. iqamde ki amzRvispira miwa-wyalze iurisdiqcias axorcielebda qarTliskaTalikosi da somxuri wyaros cnobiT, kaTalikosi qarTlisakirioni, egrisis arqiepiskoposadac iTvleboda. ramden xansdarCa bizantiis SemadgenlobaSi qarTlis samefos yofilizRvispireTi? mematiane gvamcnobs amis Sesaxeb: es gagrZelebuladaaxloebiT VII s. bolomde da VIII s. dasawyisamde. leon I-isdromde. mematianes sityviT, mas Semdeg rac afxazeTSiltolvilma qarTlis mefeebma RvTis SewevniT daamarcxes murvanyrus laSqari, bizantiis imJamindelma imperatorma kvlav scnomdinare klisura sazRvrad saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris,romelsac qvemoTac vexebiT. arabTa Semosevebis dros qarTlismefeTa taxtze mjdomma stefanozma ineba Tavisi saxelmwifosdasavleT nawilSi – egrisSi gadasvla Tavis Ze mihrTan erTad,male maT egrisSive SeuerTda meore Ze arCili. garkveuli xnisSemdeg maT kvals gahyva murvan yru. qarTvelma mefeeba gadalaxessasazRvro mdinare klisura da Tavi Seafares bizantias, kerZodafxazeTs - `Sevlo yruman klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyosazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa da Semusra qalaqiafSileTisa cxumi~65. am droisaTvis stefanozi ukve ̀ damarxuliyo egrsa Sina~65. misi Zvlebi male gadaasvenes dasavleTsaqarTvelos centrSi, quTaisiSi - `saydarsa quTaissa, raTaipovos igi sawamebelad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~66 - ambobs arabTaomSi sasikvdilod daWrili mefe miri; e.i. stefanozis quTaisSidakrZalva kidev erT niSnad miiCneva imisa, rom dasavleTsaqarTvelo qarTlis samefo ojaxis samkvidroa. is eZlevakidec mefe arCils sauxucesod (samefo domenad) mirisagan -`xolo sauxucesod, romel mqonda momicemia Senda da gqondessauxucesod: egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da guria~67.

saerTod, mematianes sityviT, kavkasiaSi arabTa SemosevebisdawyebisTanave bizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi,xolo saganZuri-qoneba, romlis waRebac ver SeZles, moniSnuladgilebSi damales - `maSin yovelni naTesavni berZenTaniwarCinebulni hflvides queyanaTa Sina ganZTa!~68. aseve moiqcnenqarTvelebic, amitomac samefo ojaxma Tavisi ganZis erTi nawiliujarmaSi, meore nawili goris tonTios cixeSi, xolo darCenilinawili - egrisSi, quTaissa da cixe-gojSi Seinaxes - `Sen damamaman Cvenman dasdeviT igi quTaissa da cixe-gojs~69. aq Seinaxes65 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 235. 66 iqve, gv. 241. 67 iqve, gv. 241. 68 iqve, gv. 230.69 iqve, gv. 236.


mefeebma stefanozma da mirma mirian mefisa da vaxtang gorgasalissamefo gvrigvinebi da ganZi. amave dros, dasavleT saqarTveloSibizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi da mouwodesadgilobriv xelisuflebs gamagrebuliyvnen am cixe-simagreebSigarkveuli drois manZilze arabTa dauZlurebamde - ̀ daadgeriTsimagreTa Sina TquenTa, vidremdes warxdes weliwadni samasni...gansrulebasa mesamasisasa wlisasa moeces Zali mefobasa Cuensada SevmusrneT agarianni~70. qarTvelma mefeebma daiWires TavianTiqveynis es umTavresi simagreebi, cixe-goji, quTaisi da sxva,unda vigulisxmoT, rom es moxda VII s. bolos, xolo rogorciTqva, VIII s. pirvel naxevarSi, bizantiis imperatorma werilobiTubrZana Tavis moxele-erisTavs afxazeTSi leon I-s daecvaklisura, viTarca sazRvari saqarTvelos da bizantias SorisegrisSi. aq, egrisis udides mijnaze, bizantielebi xSiradarRvevdnen sazRvars, am faqts aRiarebs imperatori - ̀ yovladvesazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cvengan qmnil ars vneba~71 da ubrZanebsTavis moxeles leon I-s,: radganac afxazeTSi ltolvilmaqarTlis mefeebma mirma da arCilma arabebTan omSi Cven,bizantielebs dagviWires mxari, amitomac ̀ amieriTgan nuRarmcaxelgewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa egrisaTa~72.amiT, mematianes sityviT, bizantiam mtkiced cno klisura viTarcaqarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvari egrisSi. Savi-zRvispireTi klisuridan speramde kvlav qarTlis samefosnawilad ganixileboda. Sesabamisi unda yofiliyo saeklesioiurisduqciac - mTeli es miwa-wyali qarTlis sakaTalikososiurisdiqcias unda dabruneboda, oRondac saeklesio kanonebisdacviT unda warmarTuliyo mTeli es procedura - amiT undayofiliyo gamowveuli am drois iberiidan antioqiaSi saeklesiodelegaciis Casvla, romelmac miaRwia dasavleT saqarTveloseklesiur gaTavisuflebas bizantiis eklesiebisagan VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi, antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes dros, romlisSesaxebac cnobas gvawvdian efrem mcire, nikon SavTeli dasxvebi, rac ganxiluli gvaqvs gamokvlevaSi - `antioqiissaeklesio kreba VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi~. am droidan faziselmaberZenma ierarqma albaT datova kidec Tavisi fasisis kaTedrada SesaZloa trapezuntSic gadavida.

imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor miiRes afxazeTis erisTavebmaqarTlis mefeTagan qveynis legitimuri mmarTvelobis kanonikuri70 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 239. 71 iqve, 239. 72 iqve, 240.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe286ufleba, rogorc aRvniSneT, mematiane gadmogvcems Semdegs -qarTlis samefo centrebSi arabebis gabatonebis Semdeg aRmoCnda,rom mir mefes, romelic sasikvdilod daiWra arabebTanbrZolisas, ar hyavda taxtis memkvidre vaJiSvili, amitomac mansaufliswulo uflebebi Tavisi qaliSivilebis gziT gadascaTavis siZeebs. mefis siZeebma miiRes samemkvidreo qveynebi(`xevebi~) aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi. dasavleTsaqarTvelo, viTarca samefo ojaxis sakuTrebebSi myofi mamuli,mir mefem gadasca arCils. magram male arCilma datova dasavleTsaqarTvelo da gadavida kaxeTSi (arabebma maleve awames kidec).iqamde arabTagan Seviwrovebulma bizantielebma, romlebiciZulebulni iyvnen kavkasia daetovebinaT, TviTon moxelesleon I-s afxazeTi gadasces samemkvidreo uflebiT: `SendamibrZanebies erisTaoba afxazeTisa da SvilTa SenTa da momavalTaSenTa miukunisamde~73 - wers imperatori leon I-s. leoni -damoukidebel mmarTvelad iqca qveynisa, romelic ganvrcobiliiyos sazRvrebSi - `klisuriTgan vidre mdinaremde didadxazareTad, sada daswudebis wueri kavkasiisa~74. - es qveyana md.klisuridan md. yubanamde iyo afxazeTi. mier mefis anderZisaRsrulebis dros arCil mefis mier siZeebisaTvis legitimiuriuflebebis gadacemisas, masTan mivida afxazeTis damoukidebelimmarTveli leon I, iTxova mir mefis qaliSvilis xeli daganacxada, rom amis sanacvlod qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSiSeiyvanda Tavis samemkvidreo qveyanas _ afxazeTs _ man ganucxadamir mefes - ̀ momca me keisarman qveyana ese mkvidrobiT... SemrTemeca monaTa SenTa Tana, romelni ese dRes Rirs yven Svilad daZmad Senda. ara minda nawili Sengan, aramed Cemica ese Senadveiyos~75.

maSasadame, imisaTvis raTa gamxdariyo erT-erTi siZe mirmefisa, siZeebs qveynis mmarTvelobis legitimuri kanonieriuflebebi gadaecaT. siZeebi mefis ̀ Svilebad da Zmebad~ iqcnen,leon I-ma Tavisi `samkvidrebeli~ qveyana afxazeTi gadascaqarTlis mefes (`Cemic ese Senadve iyos~), axla ukve qarTlissamefos sazRvari mdinare klisuridan kidev ufro CdriloeTiTgadaiwia `did xazareTis~ mdinaremde. sanacvlod leon I-maarCil mefisagan miiRo nebarTva SeerTo asuli mefe mirisa -`maSin misca leons colad Zmiswuli misi guaranduxt dagvirgvini igi, romeli berZenTa mefesa warmoeca mirisaTvis da73 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 240. 74 iqve, gv. 242. 75 iqve, gv. 242.


yves aRTqma da fici saSineli, viTarmed ara iyos mterobaSoris maTsa, aramed erCdes leon arCils, yovelTa dReTamisTa~76. leon I-ma miiRo mir mefis samefo gvirgvini, SeirTomefis asuli da arCil mefisagan Cans gadaeca miris ̀ sauxuceso~teritoria, ̀ egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da guria~, masSemdeg rac arCili gadavida kaxeTSi.

sabolood unda davaskvnaT, rom qarTuli wyaroebis TanaxmadafxazTa mefeebis iyvnen legitimuri memkvidreebi qarTlismefeebisa, kerZod leon I, romelmac SeirTo qarTlis mefemiris taxtis memkvidre qaliSvili guranduxti: 1. iqca qarTlismefis ̀ Svilad da Zmad~; 2. legitimuri memkvidreoba ganumtkicdaimiT, rom miiRo mir mefis samefo gvrigvini; 3. arCil mefisaganmiiRo mir mefis ̀ sauxucesoi~ miwa-wyali ̀ egrisi, svaneTi, Takveri,argveTi da guria~, nawili qarTlis samefosi. amiT dasavleTsaqarTvelo kanonikuri legitimuri samefo uflebiT miiRoleon I-ma da misgan leon II-m (cxadia am dros ar momxdara`afxazTa mier dasavleT saqarTvelos dapyroba~). amitomacafxazTa samefoSi, viTarca qarTul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSisaxelmwifo enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, qarTuli ena aseveaq iyo saeklesio ena. herakle keisaris Semdgom bizantiis mieraneqsirebul Savi zRvispireTis eklesiebSi wirva-locvis enaberZnuli iyo (sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia) amitomac aq qarTulisaxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis anu afxazTa samefos CamoyalibebisSemdgom, TandaTanobiT, TiTqmis X s. Sua wlebamde mTeliafxazeTis samefoSi berZnuli saeklesio iurisdiqcia qarTuliTSeicvala, Sesabamisad berZnulenovani RvTismsaxurebacqarTulenovnebiT.

Cveni zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, VIII-X saukuneebSimoxda dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ̀ qarTizacia~ daamitomac aq sabolood gaimarjva qarTulma enam. aseTi mosazrebamiuRebelia: am dros arabTa mier dasustebuli iyo aRmosavleTisaqarTvelo, sadac arabebma mkvidrad moikides fexi da 400weli marTavdnen Tbilisis saamirosa da garkveulwilad SidaqarTls, xolo qvemo qarTlSi somxuri taSir-ZorakeTis samefoCamoyalibda dampyroblis xelSewyobiT. am dros SeuZlebeliiyo danawevrebuli, saxelmwifoebrioba moSlil aRmosavleTsaqarTvelos Tavisi kultura da ena gaevrcelebina sxvagan.

76 qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 243.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe288sinamdvileSi dasavleTi saqarTvelo Tavdapirveladvewarmoagdenda qarTuli kulturis, qarTuli eklesiisa daqarTulenovani wirva locvis erT-erT umTavres keras. amitomacaq xelsayreli momentis dadgomis Tanave aRsdga qarTulenovneba,qarTuli wirva-locva VIII-X saukuneebSi. qarTuli ena –mosaxleobis deda ena, kulturisa da urTierTobis ena iyo,amitomac TiTqosda ucxo ̀ afxazTa samefoSi~ es ena saxelmwifoda saeklesio enad gadaiqca. iqamdec qristianobis gavrcelebisdros I-III saukuneebSi fuZe qarTuli enis daSlis SedegadmiRebuli dialeqtebi aq Zalze axlo idgnen erTmaneTTan,amitomac fuZe qarTuli ena, romelic warmarTobis droidansakulto ena iyo, aq saeklesio enas IV saukunidanve warmoadgenda.platon ioselianis kvlevis Tanaxmad dasavleT saqarTveloSiqarTlis mefe aderkis mefobis dros iqadages mociqulebmaandria pirvelwodebulma da simon kananelma da mataTam, maTSemdeg aq II-III ss qristianobis gavrcelebisaTvis uzruniabosforSi gadmosaxlebul wmida klimenti romaels, mis Semdegpontos episkopos palmoss, romelsac Savi zRvispeTSi 70 eklesiaaugia. palmosis vaJi, aseve episkoposi markioni kolxideladixseneba laTinur wyaroebSi, Tumca ki es markioni mwvalebeliyofila, risTvisac mamisagan SeCveneba miuRia. monaniebis mizniTkolxideli episkoposo markioni misula romis pap anikitesTan,raTa mas moexsna mamis wyevla77. agaTangelozis cnobiT wm.grigolma lazTa qveyanaSi wmida ninos qadagebamde gagzavnaepiskoposad sofroni - ̀ lazTa qveyanaSi gaagzavna sofroni,romelic mRvdlad iyo kapadokiaSi~ (agaTangelosis arabulivariantis Tanaxmad wmida grigols qarTvelTa (grgn) qveyanaSigaugzavnia qarTveli (grgny) episkoposi irenarxe (‘byrbzhm). n.maris wakiTxviT ibirbzxua. arabul variantSi mefeebis CamoTvlisdros sityva lazi gadmocemulia ase - Irws*. Cans, aq istoriuliZveli lazika, trapezuntis qveyana ar igulisxmeba, romelsacZveli qarTuli wyaroebis cnobiT ̀ sofeli megrelTa~ ewodeboda,aramed, rogorc Cans, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, radganac arabulvariantSi es sityva (lazi) ukve aRar gvxvdeba da mis adgilasCawerilia sityva àfxazi~ (‘bhz). es miuTiTebs, rom arabuli77 Жизнеописаные святых, Тифлись, 1850, с. 8.* SeniSvna: lazebi am arabul wyaroSi - ìrv~-ad ixseniebian (anu ùrv~),sirielebTan ki - ùrZ~.


varianti VIII s. Semdeg afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis Semdegaawarmoqmnili).

rogorc wyaroebi miuTiTebs, dasavleT saqarTveloSi wmidaninos dros qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad iqca, wyaroTacnobiT, egrisi mirian mefis samefos nawils warmoadgenda.prokofi kesarielis cnobiT, trapezuntis axlos saqarTvelosmimarTulebiT mcxovrebi qristianebi eklesiurad `lazTaepiskoposebis~ iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen ̀ iqauri mcxovrebni arcromaelTa da arc lazTa mefis qveSevrdomebi ar arian, gardaimisa, rom, radgan isini qristianebi arian lazTa episkoposebiuweseben maT mRvdelmsaxurebs~78. Tavis mxriv, romeli eklesiisiurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen ̀ lazTa episkoposebi? iqneb romaelicixesimagreebis petras an fasisis episkoposebisa? VI s-Si amberZnul (bizantiur) cixe-qalaqebSi episkoposebi romyofiliyvnen amis Sesaxeb uTuod mogvawvdida cnobas prokofikesarieli, romelmac sagangebo naSromi miuZRvna petrasTanomebis aRweras. prokofi kesarielis monacemebidan Cans, romlazebis mRvdelmTavari ̀ kaTalikosia~ - ̀ qristianTa mRvdel-mTavarsac kaTalikoss uwodeben, elinTa eniT, radgan es erTiganagebs yvela iqaur soflebs~79. ai vis iurisdiqciaSi arian`lazebis episkoposebi~, maTi pirvelierarqi kaTalikosia, rogorcCvens mier aris gamokvleuli, es iyo mcxeTeli kaTalikosi.

maSasadame, sabolood unda davaskvnaT: dasavleT saqarTvelosqristianebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qristianebTan erTadqmnidnen erT eklesias. am eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvariemTxveoda ̀ qarTlis samefos~ saxelmwifoebriv sazRvars, jermcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi da Semdeg kaTalikosi qarTlissamefos yvela qristianis pirvelierarqi iyo (amitomacaaprokofis cnobiT dasavlel qarTvel ̀ qristianTa mRvdelmTavarikaTalikosi~), dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxeTeli kaTalikosisiurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen `lazTa episkoposebi~, radganacmcxeTeli kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSiramdenime aTeuli episkoposi imyofeboda, unda vifiqroT, romlazTa episkoposebis ricxvi mcire ar unda yofiliyo), amitomVI s bolosaTvis (da VII s. dasawyisSi) kirioni iwodeboda`egrisis arqiepiskoposad~. cxadia, rogor dasavleT, ise

78 georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 125. 79 georgika, II, 1965, gv. 88.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe290aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aseTi viTarebis dros saeklesioena qarTuli iyo. viTareba icvleba VII s. 20-30-iani wlebidanherakles laSqrobis Semdeg, magram imis Semdeg rac dasavleTsaqarTveloSi aRsdga qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba, afxazTasamefos Camoyalibebis Semdeg, TandaTanobiT saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis saepiskoposebi daubrundnen deda qarTulieklesiis wiaRs. ase, rom VII msoflio krebaSi monawileepiskoposi qristefore marTlac SesaZloa fasisidantrapizuntSi iyo gadasuli da berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSiimyofeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom prokofis mier naxsenebma lazTaepiskoposebma daudes safuZveli Semdegdroindel WyondidisaTu quTaisis saepiskoposoebs, xolo fasiseli episkopositrapezuntSi gadavida da Sesabamisi titulic miiRo. Y

9. qarTveli episkoposebi ferara-florenciiskrebaze (1438)

meTerTmete saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyali-bebisTanave, saqarTvelos patriarqs msoflio diptixSi eWirameeqvse adgili xuTi patriarqis Semdeg.

marTalia, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebul diptixSi qarTvelpatriarqs eWira meeqvse adgili, magram scnobdnen Tu ara amasmsoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen Tu ara isiniqarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? Cven dabejiTebiTunda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi, ise aRmosavleTis oTxipatriarqi scnobdnen iberiis eklesias meeqvse adgilzeierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis diptixi. am krebaze qarTuleklesias eWira VI adgili romis, konstantinopolis,aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis saydrebis Semdeg. esrom SemTxveviT ar iyo da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebasam krebaze sagangebo yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, romcnobili rusi kanonistebis cnobiT, florenciis krebam 1438wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `konstantinopolispatriarqi iqneba meore romis papis Semdeg, aleqsandrielimesame. Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe – ierusalimeli...~80.

80 a.kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, parizi, 1963, gv. 425 (rusul enaze).


marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor undaganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda aradiptixis, aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram, saerTod, eklesiaTa(kaTedraTa) adgilebis ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradRebarom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili dadgenilebiTac Cans.

qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels amwarmomadgenlobiT krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagrZelebul`msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs SexvdnenaRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlisaqtebsac aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, ̀ TanabariuflebiT eswreboda iberiis mitropoliti~81.

`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxaresmexuTe adgilze konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisda ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg. ̀ pirveli kardinalispirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli.… patriarqis Semdeg oTxskamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis msofliowarmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefiswarmomadgeneli iberiis mitropoliti~82.

krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT:centridan Tanabar manZilze idga ori taxti – romisimperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. sasuliero pirebiganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares isxdnenlaTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadidebelTawarmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigiiyo Semdegi saxisa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga –1. konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomasar eswreboda); 2. aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli –arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli –arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli –arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia – ̀ mefis~)warmomadgeneli – mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviTisxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebi.

`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ...sasuliero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardinalispirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi SeuZlod yofnisgamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ... patriarqis Semdeg oTx

81 i.tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, I, gv. 101.82 iqve, gv. 101-102.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe292skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen – herakliis arqiepiskoposi, romelsacaleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misiadgili ekava; antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesosarqiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili menziisarqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli – iberiismitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi ... berebi, TavianTi wesismixedviT~83.

florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgenelisasuliero pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT,aramed saero pirebic aseve ̀ wesis~ mixedviT isxdnen.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom qarTulieklesiis meeqvse adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rigSi, xoloqarTuli eklesiis mexuTe adgili marTlmadi-debelTa rigSiaRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis, aseve msoflio(konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosavleTispatriarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iseT, TavisidroisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovan krebaze, romelic viTomdaeklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTisqristianebi erTmaneTs ar daupirispirdebodnen iberiiseklesiis adgilis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis adgilidiptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitom man am ̀ msoflio~krebaze yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daiWira.

XV saukunis I naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-florenciiskrebaze, aseTia: 1. romis papi; 2. msoflio (konstantinopolis)patriarqi; 3. aleqsandriis; 4. antioqiis; 5. ierusalimis; 6.iberiis; 7. trapezuntis; 8. rizes; 9. nikeis; 10. lakedemoniis;11. nikomediis; 12. trivoniis; 13. amasiis; 14. mitilenis; 15.tolozinis; 16. stavropolis; 17. tunisis; 18. garinis; 19.melentinis; 20. aqilis; 21. muldulis patriarqebi daarqiepiskoposebi84.

marTalia, am krebaze aRniSnuli rigiT isxdnen eklesiisierarqebi, magram maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad miiCeoda mxolodxuTi eklesia: konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitom am avtokefalur eklesiaTawarmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisagangansxvavebuli skamebi krebis monawileTa pirvel rigSi; xolo84 i.tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, I, gv. 214.83 iqve, gv. 214-215.


iberiis mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatorismandati hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda85.

aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. rogorccnobilia, sazogadod iqamde da SemsgomSic marTlmadidebluridiptixidan amoiRes romis papis moxsenieba, magram amas araviTarigavlena ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis kanonikuradmiCneul me-6 adgilze. kerZod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluridiptixidan gavida romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturiadgili warmoSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi,magram male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiammsoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadawyvetilebiT.

ferara-florenciis krebis Semdeg `konstantinopolispatriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlelpatriarqebTan erTad scno rusuli eklesiis damoukidebeliarseboba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri rusulimitropolia Tavisi RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg,ese igi mexuTe adgilobriv marTlmadideblur eklesiaTadiptixSi~86.

aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimispatriarqis Semdeg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man VI adgili daiWira(ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).

1589 wels, ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg, mismapatriarqma diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca didmakrebam 1593 wels gansazRvra moskovis sapatriarqos mdgomareoba,mas mieca ufro maRali adgili, vidre maSin arsebularqiepiskoposebs avtokefaluri da TviTmmarTveli eklesiebisa– arxidiisas, kviprosisas, iveriisas da pekiisas, magram araaleqsandriis patriarqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes,aramed mxolod ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTandakavSirebiT, rom krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxadeswmida mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~87.

ioane bagrations Tavis TxzulebaSi ̀ kalmasoba~ daculiaqvs cnobebi ferara-florenciis krebaze damswre qarTvelepiskoposTa Sesaxeb. misi cnobiT, saqarTvelodan krebaze damswreaxtalel episkopos danielsa da Tavad nikoloz CerqeziSvils

85 i.tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, I, gv. 215.86 provoslavni cerkovni kalendar, 1985, gv. 3 (rus. enaze). 87 Вклад ВселенскогоПатриарха в разработку темы “Диптихи”, ст. 11.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe294

xeli ar mouweriaT krebis dadgenilebaze, `xolo imereTisepiskoposman iakob Semoqmedelman moawera xeli~88. saerTod,ioane batoniSvilis azriT, saberZneTidan da ruseTidan CasulsamRvdeloebas xeli mouweria krebis aqtebisaTvis: ̀ moaweresxeli berZenTa da rusTa, garna antioxiisa patriarxman aramoawera xeli, arca qarTvelma episkoposman axtalisamandanielman...~83. Tumca ki krebis damTavrebis Semdeg ukandabrunebul berZnebs (imperatorsa da patriarqs da sxvebs)uaruyviaT am krebis dadgenilebani. axtalis saepiskoposokaTedra erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi iyo qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi,mdebareobda qvemo qarTlSi (amJamad somxeTis sazRvrebSia),xolo ̀ imerTa episkoposi iakobi~, albaT, Semoqmedeli episkoposiafxazeTis (`qvemo iveriis~) sakaTalikosodan iyo gagzavniliferar-florenciis krebaze. iberiis mefes Tavis saxelmwifoSiSemavali orive saeklesio erTeulis warmomadgenlebi miuvleniakrebaze.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba cxadia, ar iyo`msoflio saeklesio kreba~, magram am krebas gaaCndasaerTaSoriso mniSvneloba, imiT, rom mas eswrebodnen TviTmsoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, bizantiis saimperatorokaris upirvelesi pirebi, yvela marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqoswarmomadgeneli mRvdelmTavrebi, msoflios sxva marTlmadidebeli,maT Soris, rusuli eklesiis delegatebi. saqarTvelos eklesiaam krebaze daayenes sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi. marTlmadidebeleklesiaTa rigSi (diptixSi) misi warmomadgeneli daayenes mexuTeadgilze, mxolod am mxriv aris es, anu ferara-florenciiskreba CvenTvis saintereso da araviTar SemTxvevaSi mas ̀ msofliokreba~ ar ewodeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva wyaroTa miTiTebiT, krebazewargzavnili iyvnen episkoposebi saqarTvelos sxva kaTedrebidan89.kerZod, vaxuStis cnobiT, am krebaze damswre qarTveliepiskoposis saxeli sofroni yofila, xolo TviT krebasaqarTvelos mefe aleqsandre didis dros Catarebula90

88 ioane batoniSvili, xumarswavla, t. II, 1991, gv. 350. 89 episkoposi, ananiajafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, 1989, gv. 232-250.90 qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, gv. 281.


dask v n a

naSromSi Seswavlilia msoflio saeklesio da saerTaSorisomniSvnelobis krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT.Seicavs 9 paragrafs. pirvelSi ganxilulia 325 wels nikeaSiSemdgari I msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelSic ori qarTveliepiskoposi monawileobda – biWvinTeli stratofile datrapizunteli domnusi. meore msoflio saeklesio krebis (381 w.)kanonebs episkoposma pantofile iberielma moawera xeli, mesamemsoflio saelesio krebis (431 w.) suliskveTebis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobda qarTveli e.w. qarTlis ̀ sparsulinawilis~ episkoposi ieremia. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebaseswrebodnen sebastopolis episkoposi da trapezunteliepiskoposi atarve. calke paragrafi eZRvneba cnobis ganxilvasV msoflio (553 w.) krebis muSaobaSi monawileobdnen Tu arapetras episkoposi ioane da agreTve faziseli da sebastopoleliepiskoposebi. paragrafi gamowvlilviT aanalizebs wyaroTacnobebs, sadac gamokvleulia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos ̀lazTaepiskoposebi~ Sediodnen prokofi kesarielis mier moxseniebulim `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, romelsac saerTod aqauriqristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen. es kaTalikosi ki mcxeTelipirvelierarqia. maSasadame, aRniSnul dros dasavleTisaqarTvelos e.w. ̀ sofluri~ adgilebi qarTlis kaTalikosisiurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen, mxolod zRvispira ramdenime berZnul-romauli cixe-simagre (qalaqi) ar Sedioda mis iurisdiqciaSi.mxolod 620-30-iani wlebidan, mas Semdeg, rac sparseTSi molaSqreherakle keisarma qarTlis samefos Camoacila zRvispirateritoriebi (klarjeTis bolodan vidre mdinare klisuramde),konstantinopolis sapatriarqom sabolood ganaxorcielaTavisi iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos am zRvispira miwa-wyalze. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT VI msoflio saklesiokrebam (681 w.) aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali, maT Sorissapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis ufleba, rom ̀ iyos kaTalikosiqarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~, rom `wmida eklesiasaqarTveloisa, romelic aris wmida mcxeTa, iyos swor pativiTaviTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani~. aseveganusazRvravs qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. amsakiTxis rkvevas eZRvneba calke paragrafi. miCneulia, rom,

mitropoliti anania jafariZe296radganac, imJamad somxeTsa da albaneTis kaTalikosebsacgaaCndaT patriarqis wodeba, aseTi wodeba qarTuli eklesiismeTaursac unda hqonoda. `did sjuliskanonSi~ Semaval e.w.`gumbadis~ anu trulis saeklesio krebas (691 w.) xels awerenfoTis (fasisis) episkoposi Teodore da petronis (cixisZiris)episkoposi ioane. am sakiTxs Seiswavlis calke paragrafi.calke paragrafiT SeviswavleT qarTveli episkoposebismonawileoba VII msoflio wmida saeklesio krebaze (787), misdadgenilebas xeli moawera fazisel-trapizuntelma episkoposmaqristeforem. calke paragrafi ixilavs qarTveli episkoposebismonawileobas ferara-florenciis krebaze (1438 w.). am krebas,romelic iyo ara `msoflio kreba~, aramed kreba, romelSicmonawileobdnen konstantinopolis, antioqiis, ierusalimissapatriarqoebi da sxva marTlmadidebeli adgilobrivi eklesiebi,maT Soris ruseTisa. am krebis gadawyvetilebebs qarTulieklesiis ificialurma delegaciam krebazeve ar moawera xeli.qarTuli wyaros cnobiT am krebaSi monawileobdnen qarTlissakaTalikosodan axtaleli episkoposi danieli, xoloafxazeTis sakaTalikosodan Semoqmedeli episkoposi iakobi.

gamokvlevidan naTlad Cans, rom I msoflio krebidanvesaqarTvelos eklesias umWidroesi kavSiri hqonda msoflioeklesiasTan da Tavisi warmomadgeneli episkoposebis saSualebiTmonawileobda msoflio saeklesio samarTlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi.


ВСЕЛЕНСКИЕ ЦЕРКОВНЫЕ СОБОРЫ С УЧАСТИЕМГРУЗИНСКИХ ЕПИСКОПОВ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

В работе рассмотрены Вселенские и имеющие международноезначение церковные Соборы с участием грузинских епископов. Включает всебя 9 параграфов. В первом из них рассмотрено I Вселенский Собор,состоявшееся в 325 году в Никее, в котором участвовали два грузинскихепископа Стратофил Пицундский и Домнус Трапезунтский. Каноны ВторогоВселенского Собора (381 г.) были подписаны Пантофилием Иберийским. Вформировании духа Третьего Вселенского Собора (431 г.) участвовал епископт.н. “персидской части” Картли Иеремия. На IV Вселенском Собореприсутствовали епископы Себастопольский и Ат�

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mitropoliti anania jafariZemeufeanania.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/22.-msoflio...2014/01/22 · eklesiis istoria, t. 1. 1986, gv…85-203. 12 didi sjuliskanoni, iqve, gv.166