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9 Genus Anastrepha Schiner
20152015
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2- ..................................................................................................................... 4
3- .................................................................................................................................... 5
3-1 .................................................................................................................... 5
3-2 .................................................................................................................... 6
4- ............................................................................................................................ 6
4-1 ................................................................................... 7
4-1 -1 .................................................................... 7 412 .............................................................................. 7
42 ........................................................................ 8 4-2 -1 ........................................................................................................ 8
4-2 -2 ............................................................................................. 8
4-3 ................................................................................. 9
4-3 -1Anastrepha Loew ............................................................................................. 9
4-3 -2 Anastrepha ............. 10
4-4 ................................................................................. 12
4-4 -1 Tephritidae .............. 12
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4-4 -2 Anastrepha ......................... 13
5- ............................................................................................................................... 19
6- ........................................................................................... 20
7- ............................................................................................................................ 20
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1 Tephritidae4504500
Norrbom1999a1999bNorrbom2004b40072014 A.L. Norrbom2014Tephritidae
Anastrepha SchinerTephritidaeToxotrypaniniTephritidae250Hernández-Ortiz1992Foote1993Hernández-OrtizAluja1993
Norrbom 2004bNorrbom2012AnastrephaA. fraterculusWiedemannA. grandisMacquartA. ludens
LoewA. obliquaMacquartA. serpentinaWiedemannA. striata SchinerA. suspensaLoewA. fraterculusWiedemannHernández-Ortiz
20042012Selivon20042005Vera2006Cáceres2009Anastrepha
TephritidaeNorrbom2010 Tephritidae Basso 2003AnastrephaMalavasi1983Aluja 1999
1625520
homopteran Prokopy and Roitberg1984 Anastrepha330
48AnastrephaNorrbom and Kim1988 Norrbom2004aAnastrepha
398AnastrephaHernández-OrtizAluja1993
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Mangifera indicaCitrus spp.Anastrepha
A. suspensaA. fraterculusA. striataMyrtaceaeA.
ludens RutaceaeA. obliqua Anacardiaceae ،A. serpentinaA. grandis Norrbom2004a SapotaceaeSapotaceae
dentataleptozonaserpentinadaciformisrobustacryptostrepha
Myrtaceous26AnastrephaA. fraterculus Norrbom and Kim1988Norrbom
c1999
2 Anastrepha Schiner،1868
Acrotoxa Loew1873Pseudodacus Hendel1914Phobema Aldrich1925Lucumaphila Stone1939
Insecta :Diptera :Tephritidae ،Trypetinae ،Toxotrypanini 1
1 Anastrepha
Anastrepha
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830)
Tephritis mellea Walker, 1837
Trypeta unicolor Loew, 1862
Anthomyia frutalis Weyenbergh, 1874
Anastrepha fraterculus var. soluta Bezzi, 1909
Anastrepha peruviana Townsend, 1913
Anastrepha braziliensis Greene, 1934
Anastrepha costarukmanii Capoor, 1954
Anastrepha scholae Capoor, 1955
Anastrepha pseudofraterculus Capoor, 1955
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Anastrepha lambayecae Korytkowski and Ojeda, 1968
Anastrepha grandis (Macquart, 1846)
Anastrepha schineri Hendel, 1914
Anastrepha latifasciata Hering, 1935
Anastrepha ludens (Loew, 1873)
Anastrepha lathana Stone, 1942
Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835)
Anastrepha fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans Sein, 1933
Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata Lima, 1934
Anastrepha trinidadensis Greene, 1934
Sapodilla
Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830) Urophora vittithorax Macquart, 1851
Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 Dictya cancellaria Fabricius, 1805 (see Norrbom et al., 1999b)
Anastrepha suspensa (Loew, 1862)
Anastrepha unipuncta Sein, 1933
Anastrepha longimacula Greene, 1934
3
31
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32 Anastrepha126
Tephritidae
McPhail26
4 AnastrephaStone ،1942 ؛Hernández-Ortiz ،1992 ؛Zucchi ،2000 Norrbom ،2012
AnastrephaWhite Elson-Harris ،1992
Steck Wharton ،1988 ؛Steck1990 ؛Frías2006 ،2008 ،2009 ؛
Dutra 2011a ،2011b ،2012 ،2013 ؛Figueiredo2011Anastrepha11Steck
1990Carroll، 2004 Anastrepha )Berg ،1979؛Steck
Wharton ،1988CarrollWharton1989Steck1990White Elson-Harris ،1992Carroll 2004Frías2006Hernández-Ortiz2010
AnastrephaHernández-Ortiz20042012
A. fraterculus DNA barcoding
cytochrome oxidase Idipteran
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Page 7 of 36
Will2005Meier2006Virgilio2010Lopes2013(ITS)
Sonvico2004AY686689karyotypic analysisBasso
2003
41 411
48–727096DNAethyl acetate
oviscape aculeus 412
–70aculeus
400Anastrepha
4121 oviscape syntergosternite 7
eversible membrane aculeus10
NaOH10KOH10–15
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aculeus412
4122 432
42 421
442270411
422
cephalopharyngeal21–442040
4561 422
652450
153015–2570
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10NaOH10KOH10–1545 Euparal
2550751001510030
50809515CarrollWharton1989
Frías200620082009
43 431Anastrepha Loew
12-A
B-23Macrosetae
mesonotum postpronotalnotopleuralpresutural،supra-alar ، postsutural supra-alarpostalar ،intra-alar ، dorsocentral،
acrostichalscutellars. 4R-M
(dm) (bcu) M
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90)C (
R1S(bcu) dmR-MVVDM-Cu mr4+5
432 5 Epandrium surstylus
surstylussurstylusproctiger
oviscapeT
6oviscapeeversibleoviscape
rasperseversibleoviscape
432 Anastrepha
Hernández-Ortiz2010AnastrephaNorrbom2012h24Anastrepha
1 CR1r1V
....2 C r1
V S
R-MCr2+3 r2+3 brBM-Cu R-M7
aculeus 53–62 01 V 14
Anastrepha grandis (Macquart)
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2 3 scuto-scutellar4 3 V8Taculeus 26–38037046014–017
05–0715sapotaceousAnastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann)
V9U
aculeus 195–230 024031 017020
16Anastrepha striata Schiner
4 SMVM ؛
scuto-scutellaraculeus 5
SM؛V M10
14–16019023 010013 050–065 17Anastrepha suspense (Loew)
5 20 14–19 6
2533–58028–042055
18subscutellum mediotergite3B11Anastrepha ludens (Loew)
6 subscutellum mediotergite 3C scuto-scutellar
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0160201912 Spondias
Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart)
mediotergite subscutellum 3Ascuto-scutellar1.4–1.9020–0288
14 20 13Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann
44
441 Tephritidae
Frías 2006White and Elson-Harris1992Carroll2004Frías20062008
1 03apodeme26 49Toxotrypana Gerstaecker
03 apodeme 2224 .( )
50(2
2 21474547
maxillary palpus Rhagoletis Loew
– 27–32 48
maxillary palpus3
3 23 59Anastrepha Schiner
– الشكالن2224 604
4 48Ceratitis McLeay
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actrocera Macquart
442 Anastrepha
Steck19903Anastrepha
1 Tephritidae
4950Tephritidae2
2 4547Tephritidae Anastrepha
– 48Anastrepha3 3 Dorsal spinules
T2T3 61SP-ISP-IV 46 40444
– Dorsal spinules A1A. ludens5
4 28–37 43cephalopharyngeal 32Cucurbitaceae
Anastrepha grandis
– 12–23 39cephalopharyngeal 31 Myrtaceae Anastrepha striata
5 Dorsal spinules T3616
– Dorsal spinules غير موجودةT37
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6 111712203351 31–4634
27Citrus spp.Rutaceae Mangifera indicaAnastrepha ludens
811 91541 25–354229
Myrtacea Anastrepha serpentina
7 SP-IوSP-IV 511836 12في141319 35
57 30 Sapotaceae
Anastrepha serpentine – SP-IوSP-IV 81813 7109183457588
8 SP-II 30–49 38 28
AnacardiaceaeAnastrepha obliqua
– SP-II 25–40 46
Anastrepha fraterculus (Weidemann)
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2Anastrepha
0.3
postocellars unicolorous
postpronotalnotopleuralspresutural supra-alarsupra-alarpostalarintra-alardorsocentralacrostichal
scutellars
M90R-M
dmbcu
CSbcudmR-MVV
DM-Cu m R4+5
surstylus surstylus surstylusproctiger
T
oviscape eversible
raspers
9
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3Anastrepha
Anastrepha fraterculus
710
918
Dorsal spinules
T3
SP-ISP-IV 1017SP-II 69
25–35
Anastrepha grandis
813 2837
Dorsal spinules
T2T3
SP-ISP-IV
Anastrepha ludens
1117
1220
Dorsal spinules
A1
T3
31–46
Anastrepha obliqua
710
918
Dorsal spinules
T3
SP-ISP-IV1017SP-II363–45
Anastrepha 1218
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serpentina 1319
Dorsal spinules
T3
SP-ISP-IV
Anastrepha striata
58
1223
Dorsal spinules
T2T3
SP-ISP-IV
Anastrepha suspensa
811
915
Dorsal spinules
T3
25–35
–
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4Anastrepha
Anastrepha fraterculus
subscutellum mediotergite
scuto-scutellar
S MV
S
4.1–9.1020–0.28814
Anastrepha grandis
CSbcu R-MC
r2+3r2+3brbm-cuR-M
53–62010V
Anastrepha ludens
subscutellum
mediotergite
VS
33–58028–042012014
055
Anastrepha obliqua
subscutellum mediotergitescuto-scutella
SMV
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S
20016–020
Anastrepha serpentina
V
26–38037046014–0170507
Anastrepha striata
U
V
195–230024031017020
Anastrepha suspensa
Scuto-scutellar
mediotergite
SM
V
14–16019023010013050–065
5 2527
9
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6
Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México (Vicente Hernández-Ortiz; e-mail: [email protected]).
Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC, United States (Allen L. Norrbom; e-mail: [email protected]).
Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)/Universidade de São Paulo (USP) – Departmaneto de Entomologia, Piracicaba, Brazil (Roberto A. Zucchi; e-mail: [email protected]).
Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Instituto de Entomología, Santiago, Chile (Daniel Frías; e-mail: [email protected]).
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL, United States (Gary Steck; e-mail: [email protected]).
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Alicia Basso; e-mail: [email protected]).
APHIS, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mission Laboratory, TX, United States (Norman B. Barr; e-mail: [email protected]).
Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas, Departamento Laboratorios Biológicos, Montevideo, Uruguay (Andrea Listre; e-mail: [email protected]).
7 V. Hernández-OrtizInstituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Interacciones
Multitróficas, MéxicoN. Vaccaro Instituto Nacional de Tecnología
Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Concordia, Argentina A. Basso Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía ،
A.L. Norrbom (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA), Smithsonian Institution, United States ()) R.A. Zucchi (Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil (
))
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D. Frías (Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile (see preceding section))
N.B. Barr (APHIS, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States ( ))
G. Steck (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry,
United States ( ))
A.L. Terra, (Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas, Uruguay)
A. Listre (Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas, Uruguay)
O. Volonterio (Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas, Uruguay)
M. Malipatil (La Trobe University, Bioprotection, Biosciences Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries (Victoria), Australia)
V. Balmès (Anses, Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux, Unité entomologie et plantes invasives, France).
8
setting/ispms-activities/standards-https://www.ippc.int/core Aluja, M., Piñero, J., Jácome, I., Díaz-Fleischer, F. & Sivinski, J. 1999. Behavior of flies in the
genus Anastrepha (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini). In M. Aluja & A.L. Norrbom, eds. Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior, pp. 375–406. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
Basso, A.L. 2003. Caracterización genética de los componentes del “complejo Anastrepha fraterculus” (Anastrepha spp. Diptera: Tephritidae, Trypetinae) (Wiedemann) mediante análisis de la variabilidad cromosómica. University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. (PhD Dissertation)
Berg, G.H. 1979. Clave ilustrada de larvas de moscas de la fruta de la familia Tephritidae. El Salvador, Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria. 36 pp.
Cáceres, C., Segura, D.F., Vera, M.T., Wornoayporn, V., Cladera, J.L., Teal, P., Sapountzis, P., Bourtzis, P., Zacharopoulou, A. & Robinson, A.S. 2009. Incipient speciation revealed in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera; Tephritidae) by studies on mating compatibility, sex pheromones, hybridization, and cytology. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 97: 152–165.
Carroll, L.E., Norrbom, A.L., Dallwitz, M.J. & Thompson, F.C. 2004. Pest fruit flies of the world: Larvae. Version: 8 December 2006. Available at http://delta-intkey.com/ffl/ (last accessed 18 March 2015).
Carroll, L.E. & Wharton, R.A. 1989. Morphology of the immature stages of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82: 201–214.
Dutra, V.S., Ronchi-Teles, B., Steck, G.J. & Gomes Silva, J. 2011a. Description of eggs of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the spatulata group using scanning electron microscopy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104(5): 857–862.
Dutra, V.S., Ronchi-Teles, B., Steck, G.J. & Gomes Silva, J. 2011b. Egg morphology of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the fraterculus group using scanning electron microscopy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104(1): 16–24.
Dutra, V.S., Ronchi-Teles, B., Steck, G.J. & Gomes Silva, J. 2012. Description of larvae of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the fraterculus group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(4): 529–538.
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Dutra, V.S., Ronchi-Teles, B., Steck, G.J. & Gomes Silva, J. 2013. Description of eggs of Anastrepha curitis and Anastrepha leptozona (Diptera: Tephritidae) using SEM. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106(1): 13–17.
Figueiredo, J.V.A., Perondini, A.L.P., Ruggiro, E.M., Prezotto, L.F. & Selivon, D. 2011. External egg-shell morphology of Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00533.x.
Foote, R.H., Blanc, F.L. & Norrbom, A.L. 1993. Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America North of Mexico. Ithaca, NY, Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press. 571 pp.
Frías, D., Hernández-Ortiz, V. & López Muñoz, L. 2009. Description of the third-instar of Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). Neotropical Entomology, 38(4): 491–496.
Frías, D., Hernández-Ortiz, V., Vaccaro, N., Bartolucci, A. & Salles, L. 2006. Comparative morphology of immature stages in some frugivorous species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). In A. Freidberg, ed. Biotaxonomy of the Tephritoidea, Israel Journal of Entomology, 35–36: 423–457.
Frias, D., Selivon, D. & Hernández-Ortiz, V. 2008. Taxonomy of immature stages: New morphological characters for Tephritidae larvae identification. In A. Malavasi, R. Sugayama, R. Zucchi & J. Sivinski, eds. Fruit flies of economic importance: From basic to applied knowledge. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Salvador, Brazil, 10–15 September 2006, pp. 29–44.
Hernández-Ortiz, V. 1992. El género Anastrepha Schiner en México. Taxonomía, distribución y sus plantas huéspedes. Publicación #33. Xalapa, México, Instituto de Ecología. 167 pp.
Hernández-Ortiz, V. & Aluja, M. 1993. Listado de especies del género neotropical Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) con notas sobre su distribución y plantas hospederas. Folia Entomológica Mexicana, 88: 89–105.
Hernández-Ortiz, V., Bartolucci A.F., Morales-Valles, P., Frías, D. & Selivon, D. 2012. Cryptic species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex: A multivariate approach for the recognition of South American morphotypes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(2): 305–318.
Hernández-Ortiz, V., Gómez-Anaya, J.A., Sánchez, A., McPheron, B.A. & Aluja, M. 2004. Morphometric analysis of Mexican and South American populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) and recognition of a distinct Mexican morphotype. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94: 487–499.
Hernández-Ortiz, V., Guillén-Aguilar, J. & López, L. 2010. Taxonomía e identificación de moscas de la fruta de Importancia Económica en América. In P. Montoya, J. Toledo & E. Hernández, eds. Moscas de la Fruta: Fundamentos y Procedimientos para su Manejo, pp. 49–80. México, D.F., S y G Editores.
Lopes, G.N., Arias, O.R., Cônsoli, F.L. & Zucchi, R.A. 2013. The identity of specimens of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) with atypical aculeus tip. Neotropical Entomology, 42(6): 618–627.
Malavasi, A., Morgante, J.S. & Prokopy, R.J. 1983. Distribution and activities of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera:Tephritidae) flies on host and non-host trees. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76: 286–292.
Meier, R., Shiyang, K., Vaidya, G., & Ng, P.K. 2006. DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera: A tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success. Systematic Biology, 55(5): 715–728.
Norrbom, A.L. 2004a. Host plant database for Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Diptera: Tephritidae: Toxotrypanini). Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) 2.
Norrbom, A.L. 2004b. Updates to biosystematic database of world Diptera for Tephritidae through 1999. Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) 2.
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Agriculture (USDA). Available at http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/diptera/tephriti/tephriti.htm (last accessed 18 October 2010).
Norrbom, A.L., Carroll, L.E. & Freidberg, A. 1999a. Status of knowledge. In F.C. Thompson, ed. Fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database, pp. 9–47. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. and Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1.
Norrbom, A.L., Carroll, L.E., Thompson, F.C., White, I.M. & Freidberg, A. 1999b. Systematic database of names. In F.C. Thompson, ed. Fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database, pp. 65–251. Myia (1998) 9, vii + 524 pp. and Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD-ROM) (1998) 1.
Norrbom, A.L. & Kim, K.C. 1988. A list of the reported host plants of the species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). United States Department of Agriculture, APHIS 81–52, 114 pp.
Norrbom, A.L., Korytkowski, C.A., Zucchi, R.A., Uramoto, K., Venable, G.L., McCormick, J. & Dallwitz, M.J. 2012. Anastrepha and Toxotrypana: Descriptions, illustrations, and interactive keys. Version: 31 August 2012. Available at http://delta-intkey.com (last accessed 18 March 2015).
Norrbom, A.L., Zucchi, R.A. & Hernández-Ortiz, V. 1999c. Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini) based on morphology. In M. Aluja & A.L. Norrbom, eds. Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior, pp. 299–342. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
Prokopy, R.J. & Roitberg, B.D. 1984. Foraging behavior of true fruit flies. American Scientist, 72: 41–49.
Selivon, D., Perondini, A.L.P., Morgante, J.S. 2005. A genetic-morphological characterization of two cryptic species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98: 367–381.
Selivon, D., Vretos, C., Fontes, L. & Perondini, A.L.P. 2004. New variant forms in the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In B.N. Barnes, ed. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2004, pp. 253–258. Stellenbosch, South Africa, Isteg Scientific Publications.
Sonvico, A., Benseñor, L., Basso, A. & Quesada-Allué, L.A. 2004. Anastrepha fraterculus internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence. GenBank accession number AY686689.
Steck, G.J., Carroll, L.E., Celedonio-Hurtado, H. & Guillén-Aguilar, J. 1990. Methods for identification of Anastrepha larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae), and key to 13 species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 92: 333–346.
Steck, G.J. & Wharton, R.A. 1988. Description of immature stages of Anastrepha interrupta, A. limae, and A. grandis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 81: 994–1003.
Stone, A. 1942. The fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Miscellaneous Publication 439. Washington DC, USDA. pp. 1–112. 2012. Available at http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/diptera/tephriti/tephriti.htm.
Vera, M.T., Cáceres, C., Wornoayporn, V., Islam, A., Robinson, A.S., De La Vega, M.H., Hendrichs, J. & Cayol, J.P. 2006. Mating incompatibility among populations of the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99: 387–397.
Virgilio, M., Backeljau, T., Nevado, B., & De Meyer, M. 2010. Comparative performances of DNA barcoding across insect orders. BMC Bioinformatics, 11(1): 206.
White, I.M. & Elson-Harris, M.M. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: Their identification and bionomics. Wallingford, UK, CABI. 601 pp.
Will, K.W., Mishler, B.D. & Wheeler, Q.D. 2005. The perils of DNA barcoding and the need for integrative taxonomy. Systematic Biology, 54: 844–851.
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Zucchi, R.A. 2000. Taxonomia. In A. Malavasi & R.A. Zucchi, eds. Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil. Conhecimento básico e aplicado, pp. 13–24. Riberao Preto, Brasil, Holos Editora.
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1. Anastrepha ludens .
V. Hernández-Ortiz.
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232-A Anastrepha a-orb fro gen pocl pocu p-orb vtl vtm ،
2-B acacrostichal asa presutural supra-alardc dorsocentral in intra-alar ntp notopleurals pa postalar ppn postpronotal psa، postsutural supra-alar sc scutellars .3
Mediotergite subscutellum 3A-fraterculus 3B- A. ludens )3C- ( A. obliqua.
1A Hernández-Ortiz 2010 23Hernández-Ortiz 1992
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4-6 .4Anastrepha 5 Anastrepha .ae aedeagus ؛epa epandrium gla lsur surstylus msur surstylus pre prensisetae pro proctiger
6 Anastrepha .acu aculeus eversible ov oviscape sp )rasper( .
4 Hernández-Ortiz 2010 56 Norrbom2012.
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7 – 13. Anastrepha 7 A. grandis 8 A. serpentina 9 A. striata 10 A. suspensa 11 A. ludens 12 A. obliqua 13 A. fraterculus
Hernández-Ortiz 2010
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14-20 Anastrepha 14 A. grandis 15A. serpentina 16 A. striata 17 A. suspensa 18 A. ludens 19 A. obliqua 20 A. fraterculus
Hernández-Ortiz .)2010.(
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ا
21–26) .21( . )22( Ceratitis capitata )23( Anastrepha obliqua )24( Bactrocera dorsalis )25( Rhagoletis tomatis )26( Toxotrypana
sp .At DC ، ؛DS، Hb HS MD ، Mn PB parastomal bar Pt Va apodeme VC .
Frías 2006
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27–32 Anastrepha 27 A. ludens 28 A. obliqua
29 A. suspensa 30 A. serpentina 31 A. striata 32 A. grandis..
Carroll 2004 .
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3344 Anastrepha )33 ،34( A. ludens )35 ،36(
A. serpentina )37 ،38( A. obliqua )39 ،40( A. striata )41 ،42(A. suspensa )43 ،44( A. grandis .
Carroll 2004 .
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45-50 )45 ،47 ،48( )46 ،49 ،50( .)45( Rhagoletis sp.
)46( Anastrepha fraterculus )47( Rhagoletis brncici )48( Ceratitis capitata)49(Toxotrypana sp. )50( Anastrepha obliqua Ac ،At Lb, labium Or Ort Po، Prt sl SP-I SP-II SP-III SP-IV
45 47 -50 Frías 2006 46 Hernández-Ortiz2010
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51–56. )51( Anastrepha ludens)52(Anastrepha fraterculus)53(Toxotrypana curvicauda)54(Rhagoletis conversa)55( Ceratitis capitata)56(Bactrocera cucurbitae .
52–55 Frías 2006 51 56 Hernández-Ortiz 2010 .
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57–61) .57( Anastrepha striata )58( Anastrepha obliqua )59(
Anastrepha suspensa )60 ( Bactrocera carambolae )61( Anastrepha striataDorsal spinules.
G. Steck..
032014 )2006( ) (Genus Anastrepha, 2004-015
062008
04 2013
06 2013
052014 072014
03-2015 (2015_eTPDP_Apr_02).
06-2015 (2015_eSC_Nov_05).
08-2015 279
Genus Anastrepha Schiner 2015
092015
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