* GSM* GSM

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* GSM* :

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* GSM*, - .

GSM

* GSM* (CAS)CAS ITU , , , -

GSM

* GSM* 7SS7 Common Channel Signaling System No.7 64 / 2 :TUP Telephone User PartMTP Message Transfer Part

GSM

* GSM* 7MTP MTP:

GSM

* GSM* 7TUP TUP Telephone User Part , , NUP - National User Part , ISUP ISDN User Part ISDN

GSM

* GSM* 7 , Signalling Connection and Control Part (SCCP)

GSM

* GSM*SCCP Signaling Connection and Control Part 7 PSTN

GSM

* GSM* 7 GSM

GSM BSSAP Base Station Subsystem Application PartBSC MSCMSC MSMAP Mobile Application PartLocation updateTransaction Capabilities Part

GSM

* GSM* 7 GSM - BSSAP Base Station Subsystem Application Part , TMSIBSC MSC MSC MS

GSM

* GSM* 7 GSM MAP TCAP GSM MAP Mobile Application PartLocation updateTransaction Capabilities Part

GSM

* GSM* SS7 GSM

MTPMessage Transfer Part TUPNUPISUPTelephone User Part

National User Part

ISDN User Part, , , , , .SCCPSignaling Connection and Control Part BSSAPBase Station Subsystem Application Part GSM MSC BSC, MSC MSMAPMobile Application Part GSM NSS, TCAPTransaction Capabilities Application Part MAP NSS

GSM

* GSM* GSMMSCHLRBSC

GSM

* GSM* 7 GSM

GSM

* GSM* 7 GSMLAPD Link Access Protocol for ISDN D channel -

LAPDm Link Access Protocol modified

GSM

* GSM* SS7 GSM

MSCBSCHLRMTP SS7 SS7 SS7

TUP/ISUP, ------SCCP MSC MS BSSAPGSM BSC MSGSM MSC---MAPGSM HLR MSC---GSM MSC HLRTCAP MAP--- MAP

GSM

GSM* GSM*

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* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* GSM GSM900 GSM1800 , , -

GSM

* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* MS

GSM

* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* SMSShort Message Service Centre (SMSC) , T21, T22 (160 )

GSM

* GSM* SMS T23 (93 ) NMS

GSM

* GSM* T61, T62T61 transparent ( ), T62 non transparent ( MSISDN), IWF interworking function

GSM

* GSM*

GSM

GSM* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* Bearer services , . 4 : ( ) PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler)

GSM

* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* Air / () MSC

GSM

* GSM* GSM -

GSM

* GSM* GSM 2 TCH, - 9,6 14,4 / 14,4 , , ,

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GSM TCH 22,8 / (456 / 20 = 22,8) 9,6 / (192 / 20 = 9,6 ) 240 , :192 24 (FEC) 8 ( RLP) 16 ( RLP)* GSM*

GSM

GSM * GSM*

GSM

* GSM* GSM HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched DataGPRS General Packet Radio ServicesEnhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

GSM

* GSM* GSM

GSM

* GSM* GSM ()

GSM

* GSM*HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data MS TDMA 9,6 Kbit/sTDMA + 14,4 Kbit/sTDMA + + 4 Time Slot 57,6 Kbit/s

GSM

HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data MS * GSM*

GSM

* GSM* GSM UMTS HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataTDMA 9,6 Kbit/sTDMA + 14,4 Kbit/sTDMA + + 4 Time Slot 57,6 Kbit/s

GSM

* GSM*GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM

* GSM*GPRS General Packet Radio Service 7 TCH 7 , 2% 2,94

GSM

GPRS * GSM*

GSM

* GSM* GPRS TSL

CS1CS2CS3CS41TSL-data rate Kbit/s9.0513.415.621.43TSL-data rate Kbit/s27.1540.246.864.28TSL-data rate Kbit/s72107.2124.8171.2

GSM

* GSM* GSMGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceSGSN serving GPRS support nodeGGSN gateway GPRS support node

GSM

* GSM* SGSN GGSNServing GPRS Support Node (SGSN) IP BSS/MS HLR/MSC CR Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) SGSN IP MS

GSM

* GSM* GSMGPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM

* GSM* GSM UMTS GPRS General Packet Radio ServiceSGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeGGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GSM

* GSM*Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution - EDGE 8-phase shift keying (8-PSK ), 3 GMSK

GSM

8-PSK* GSM*

GSM

* GSM* GSM UMTS EDGE Enhanced Data rates in GSM Environment8PSK :384 Kbit/s 473 Kbit/s

GSM

* GSM*

GSM

* GSM*Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 3G

GSM

* GSM*Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 3GCDMA code division multiple access

GSM

* GSM*Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

GSM

*MTP . TUP , , .* , .*Signaling Connection and Control Part (SCCP) MTP, , . *The MSC-MSC communication using MAP is used only in case of non-call related signaling. For routing a call from one MSC to another MSC, TUP or ISUP is still used.* . MSC . HLR . Signaling on the radio interface is performed using a 3-Layer protocol. It consists of Layer 1 (Physical Layer), Layer 2 (LAPDm) and Layer 3 (RR, MM & CM).The link layer on Um is handled in Rec. 04.06. It is responsible for reliable transmission of L3 units. LAPDm has been derived from fixed network LAPD protocol and optimized for radio interface transmission. Different to MTP L2 / the LAPD protocol no Frame Check Sequences FCS are necessary. This function and some other are taken over by Um L1 functions (Channel Coding / Decoding).RR (Rec. 04.08) is responsible for the management of the frequency resources. It handles the paging for MTCs, the request for and assignment of dedicated channels, Intra- & Inter-cell handover, transmission of measurement reports, cipher mode setting, channel mode modification (e.g. from speech to data) and channel release. Mobility Management MM (Rec. 04.08) supports all mobility aspects. Different MM procedures allow to keep track of the MS, e.g. IMSI Attach / Detach, (periodic) Location Update, Authentication, TMSI-Reallocation, Identification, CM Service Request,... Connection Management CM (Rec. 04.08) contains 3 sublayer: Call Control CC, SMS and Supplementary Services SS support. CC handles procedures to setup, maintain and release calls (e.g. "Setup", "Alert", "Connect", "Disconnect"). SMS support allows the transmissionof SMS via signaling channels (SDCCH / SACCH; explained in the next chapter). SS allows to supports Supplementary Services (e.g. Call Forwarding, Call back when busy, Advice of charge) related with or without calls.

** GSM (). , - . MSISDN** PSTN 2 ( ) ( 3.1 KHz). .*PAD .A single 200 kHz carrier in GSM has eight time slots, each capable of carrying data at 9.6 kb/s (standard), 14.4 kb/s(enhanced) or 21.4 kb/s (if FEC is completely omitted). The raw data rate can thus be as high as 8 21.4=171.2 kb/s ( in GPRS ).*The 192 bits of information are accompanied by 48 bits of signaling information and four TBs to forma 244-bit packet that is then expanded to 456 bits using a 1/2 rate punctured convolutionalencoder. Punctured coding can eliminate the need for doubling the number of transmittedbits by eliminating (puncturing) certain numbers of parity check bits. The resulting456 bits are turned to NBs (normal burst) similar to the speech packets. The interesting point is that the13 kb/s speech-coded signal and 9600 bits/s data modem both occupy the same transmissionresources on the air interface. More channel coding bits are allocated to the data modempackets, which is expected to provide better error rate performance.** , * 9.6 Kbit/s 14.4 Kbit/s , . 64 Kbit/s ( ISDN), , . .* SW MS BTS** - .* GPRS .** Siemens* ( GSM) * .