Morten Sibiu Presentation

8/19/2019 Morten Sibiu Presentation

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ir pollution

Morten Ryhl‐Svendsen

bout me

• Conservator, preventive conservation

• National Museum of Denmark, for 15 years

• Associate professor, School of Conservation, since 2014


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ir

pollution

What is …?


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Natural pollutants


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Natural

pollutants:

ozone

Indoorsources:Particles


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Mark Dion, 2000

The Museum of Poison (Biocide Hall)


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Compounds

From outdoors

• Oxides of nitrogen (NO2)

• Oxides of sulfur (SO2)

• Ozone (O3)

• Reduced sulfur (H2S)

• Particular matter (fine and coarse)

From indoors

• Volatile organic compounds

• Biocides

• Carbonyls

• Reduced sulfur (H2S)

• Particular matter (fine and coarse)

• Mold spores


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Effects on

objects

Damage caused by air pollution:Lead corrosion byorganic acids


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Tin soldier, acetic acid vapors

Photo: Lieve Halsberghe


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Photo: Lieve Halsberghe


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Bynesian decay

on

a

gastropod

shell,

Photo

by

Daniel

Cavallari (Wikipedia)

Oxidation of polymers

Ozone and rubber


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Shooting gloves, latex

Danish Defence Museum Right glove very oxidized Left glove in good condition

Stiff, oxidized rubber shoe

Photos: Yvonne Shashoua

Library material:

SO2 : ”red rot”


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Acetic acid emission from

decaying cellulose acetate


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Damage caused by

air

pollution:Silvertarnish byreduced sulfur compounds


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Lead white pigment and reduced sulfur compounds (H2S, COS)

Biocides on etnographic objects

Photo: Anne Lisbeth Schmidt, Natioalmuseet


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Photo: Anne Lisbeth Schmidt, Natioalmuseet

Particles


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Monitoring

• Dosimetry(damage rate on materials)

• Concentration measurements(gases and particles in air)

Objects as dosimeters?

National Museum of Denmark


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ISO 11844

Corrosion of metals and alloys: Weight gain on

Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres metal coupons

Dosimetry


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Normal rubber bands are usable as an ozone

dosimeter

- Stretched to double lenght- Exposed for 3 – 6 months- Surface examined by microscopy


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S c a l e

O n e t i c k = 1 0 u m

1st phase


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Real‐time dosimeters

(corrosion sensors)

• Camfil Farr ISA‐Check

• Purafil On‐Guard

• Aircorr (Musecorr project)


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Nationalmuseet, Room 125

MUSECORR

http://www.musecorr.eu

Outdoor testing

of Musecorr

sensors

NationalmuseetCopenhagen


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Dosimetry

• Sensors mimic the museum objects

• Environment’s full impact is recorded

• Techniques varies: from simple to very advancedequipment

• Results can be difficult to interpret(which factors affect the damage rate?)

Passive sampling


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Concentration measurements(gases) by passive sampling

PROPAINT Project

Pollution sampling:

• External species: O3, NO2, SO2, H2S…

• Internal species: Carboxylic acids, aldehydes…


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Passive sampler

in

a display

case

Frøslevlejrens Museum

Passiv samplers in a storage room

Vejle Fællesmagasin


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Odense

Cathedral

Glass display case

containing

the remains of

King St. Knud (II) the Holy

(+AD1086)

Samplers for ambient and

internally generated pollutants

Ozone, NO2, VOC, Acetic acid

Outdoor sampling

Odense Cathedral


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Passive samplers

• Cheap

• Simple

• Commercially available, or can be prepared and

analyzed in‐

house

• Medium to low detection limit

• Takes a long time (average conc. only)

• One tube = one pollutant


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Dust samplingPassive method (weeks or months)

Dust lifters

BVDA gelatine film


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Textile

fibers

Hair

Skin flakes

Sand, etc.

Image analysis: ImageJhttp://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/


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Biocide analysis

• Direct sample, scrabed of surface(e.g. glass in display case)

• Vacuum cleaner sampling

• Dust ball

GC/MS analysis

Vacuum cleaner sampling


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Instruments

Real‐time instruments(gases)

NO2

analyzer(chemiluminescence method)

Vejle Fællesmagasin

O3 analyzer (UV absorption method)

Sampling point

Electrical outlet


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”Electronic nose”

Acetic acid detector at Danish Film Institute’s vault for acetate film material.

Controlling the ventilation rate.

Real‐time sampling

• Low detection limit

• Fast response

• Can detect short‐time variations

• Expensive

• Advanced installation

• Noisy

• Most often:

One instrument = one pollutant


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ir pollution

Morten Ryhl‐Svendsen

Control methods


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Controlling factors: Source

type

Outdoor factors: urban / rural,

proximity to industry, etc.

High NOx

Moderate‐low ozone

Particles from diesel engines

Low NOx

High ozone

Particles from wood‐burning

RuralUrban

Controlling factors:Source strenght and ”loading”

Surface / Volume Low

High


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Internal pollution in showcases


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Lead plate is corroded

The pro and cons of showcases

• Protection from theft and vandalism

• Dust barrier

• Climate barrier; allows for

micro‐climate control


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The pro

and

cons of

showcases

• Acts as a green house

• Internal pollutants may

accumulate inside

Confined micro‐environments in storage


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Building

materialtests

”OddyTest”


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Rules of thumb

• Use non‐emissive materials (e.g.: avoid sulphurcompounds when displaying silver)

• Wood corrodes lead

• Careful with ”wet products” such as

paints and

sealants

• It all depends of the exhibited objects!

Climate and reaction rates


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Dust and partikel filters


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Filter class

• Gross (G1‐G4)

• Fine (F5‐F9)

• HEPA (H10‐H14)

• Ultra (U15‐U17)

Carbon filter for gases

(charcoal granulates)


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Combination filter

Particle + gas filter

MobileFilterUnit

(re‐circulation)


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Photos

by

Jean

Tetreault

Passive control materials

• Passive sorption of pollutants by sheets of materialimpregnated with activated carbon or zeolites


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Tests of passive removal materials in

museums

• Ryhl‐Svendsen and Clausen, 2009.

”The effect of ventilation, filtration and passive sorption on indoor air quality in museum storage rooms”.

Studies in Conservation 54, 35‐48.

Non‐woven cloth with activated carbon

Unfired clay

• Clay has the ability to remove organic compoundsfrom air, especially organic acids

• In archives we often have very low air exchangerates (approx 1 per day); in that case passive removal competes well with ventilation

• Combined with its humidity buffering capacity clayis a promising passive IAQ control material for museum environments


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Moisture buffering and

sorption of

pollutants: Passive control materials

PREVIOUS TESTS FOR MUSEUM

APPLICATIONS

Pollution sorption on clay:

Ryhl‐Svendsen (2011):

INDOOR AIR 2011, 12th Internat.

Conference, Austin

Humidity buffering by unfired

clay bricks:

Padfield & Jensen (2011):

9th Nordic Symposium

on Building Physics, Tampere

Full scale experiment (ongoing)

Then application in real archive (2017?)


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• Maintain RH below 60%

• Avoid cold micro climates (cold corners etc.)

• Remove dust on a regular basis

• Guard against water damage

• Monitoring of climate

• Be prepared: develop emergency plans,

have

recovery materials ready

Prevention


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• Protect staff (personal protective equipment)

• Eliminate causative agent (e.g. leaky water pipe)

• Deactivate the mould (air drying, freezing)

• Cleaning (vacuum cleaning, brushes)

• Killing spores (70% alcohol, heating, gamma rays)

Mould outbreak


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Health issues

Biocides used in museums

Group Product / compound

Metal salts Mercury, lead, arsen

Natural

High vapor pressure

Nicotine, Pyrethrum

Syntetic

Low vapor pressure

DDT, lindan,

methoxychlor, dieldrin,

aldrin, permethrin

Syntetic

High vapor pressure

PDB, naftalin, dichlorvos


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Foto Nationalmuseet


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• Use correct work clothes(gloves, disposable coverall, mask..)

• Dispose gloves after use

• Use disposable wipes

• High cleaning standard

• Wash hands and face afterwork, change clothesbefore eating

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photo Nationalmuseet

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Cleaning objects for

biocides

• Compressed air

• Vacuum cleaner

• Not everything is removed!

Foto Nationalmuseet


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121

Foto Roberto Fortuna

Nationalmuseet

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Foto Nationalmuseet


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Foto Nationalmuseet

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Morten Sibiu Presentation