Mongolia country experience Gender Equality Monograph

based on the 2010 Population and Housing Census

Ms.Tsogzolmaa, Analyst Ms. Lkhagvadulam, AnalystNSO of Mongolia

2013.04.19

CONTENTS

• Brief about censuses in Mongolia • Main analysis of census results on gender

perspective:– Changes in age and sex composition– Gender disparities in households and families– Gender disparities in internal migration– Education and school enrollment

POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES: BRIEF OF MONGOLIA

1918

1935

1944

1956

1963

1969

1979

1989

2000

2010

330.2

370.8

371.3

420.3

508

597.4

798.9

1020.7

1178

1363.9

317.3

367.4

387.8

425.2

509.1

600.2

796.1

1023.3

1195.5

1390.8

Female Male

2754.7 thous

1595.0 thous

104.1

98.5

99.7

100.3

99.4

99.8

98.8

95.7

100.9

Average annual popu-lation growth rate was 0.3 during war years, lowest in the 20th cen-

tury.

Average annual popu-lation growth rate was 2.9 during these years, highest in the 20th cen-

tury.

One millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in 1962.

Two millionth citizen of Mongolia was born in 1988.

2373.5 thous

2044.0 thous

1197.6 thous

1017.1 thous

845.5 thous

754.2 thous

738.2 thous

647.5 thous

98.1

SEX RATIO

6th out of 14 monographs based on the 2010 PHC

• Done by external researchers;• 2nd monograph on Gender Equality based on census results;• Objectives:

• Monitor and assess the implementation of the National Programme for Gender Equality ;

• Capture gender disparity in the population age, sex composition, households and families, education and employment;

Population, births and deaths, by sex, by census years

Censuses

Population (thous.)

Sex ratio

Births

Sex ratio at birth

Deaths

Sex ratio at deathTotal Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

2010

Total 2754.7 1363.9 1390.8 98.1

63 270 32 299 30 971 104.3 18 293 10 781 7 512 143.5Resident 2647.5 1314.0 1333.6 98.5

Abroad 107.1 50.0 57.2 87.42000 2373.5 1178.0 1195.5 98.5 48 721 24 832 23 889 103.9 15 472 8 683 6 789 127.91989 2044.0 1020.7 1023.3 99.7 73 593 37 591 36 002 104.4 17 000 9 421 7 579 124.31979 1594.4 798.3 796.1 100.3 60 233 30 826 29 407 104.8 15 375 8 333 7 042 118.31969 1188.3 592.3 596.0 99.4 46 849 23 753 23 096 102.8 13 905 7 342 6 563 111.91963 1017.2 508.0 509.1 99.8 40 250 19 813 20 437 96.9 12 168 6 218 5 950 104.51956 845.5 420.3 425.2 98.8 26 825 13 807 13 018 106.1 10 573 5 224 5 349 97.71944 759.1 371.3 387.8 95.7 - - - - - - - -1935 738.2 370.8 367.4 100.9 13 700 7 037 6 663 105.6 12 083 6 006 6 077 98.81918 647.5 330.2 317.3 104.1 - - - - - - - -

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75+

200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000

Male Female

2000

2010

Population age sex pyramid 2000, 2010

Key indicators for population age and sex composition

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male FemaleShare of population

0-14 28.0 28.7 27.4 35.8 36.3 35.2 -7.8 -7.7 -7.915-64 68.1 68.1 68.2 60.8 60.8 60.8 7.4 7.3 7.465+ 3.8 3.3 4.4 3.5 2.9 4.0 0.4 0.3 0.4Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - -

Dependency ratio0-14 41.1 42.1 40.1 58.9 59.8 57.9 -17.8 -17.7 -17.865+ 5.6 4.8 6.5 5.7 4.8 6.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1Total 46.7 46.9 46.6 64.6 64.6 64.5 -17.8 -17.7 -17.9

Median age 25.7 25.1 26.2 21.6 21.2 22.0 4.1 3.9 4.2

Agean index60+ 20.4 17.2 23.7 14.6 12.8 16.5 5.7 4.4 7.265+ 13.7 11.3 16.2 9.7 8.0 11.4 4.1 3.3 4.8

Indicators 2010 2000 Change

Population sex ratio, by age groups, 2000, 2010

0-45-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-3940-4445-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75+

50.0

100.0

20102000

2010

Difference between male and female life expectancy at birth was 5.7 years in 2000, however, it has increased to 7.3 years in 2010.

Sex ratio of urban and rural population, by age groups, 2000, 2010

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75+

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

Urban

2000

2010

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75+

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

Rural

2000

2010

Sex ratio of urban population reached 94.4 in 2010, down by 1.2 pp since 2000, whereas, sex ratio of rural population reached 108, up by 5.4 pp.

Difference between number of urban and rural population, by age groups

0-45-9

10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74

75+

8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000

Urban

FemaleMale

20002010

0-45-9

10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74

75+

10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000

Rural

FemaleMale

20002010

In 2000, females outnumbered males by 21.8 thousand in urban areas, which has increased 1.7 times in 2010. In rural areas, males outnumbered females by 12.8 thousand in 2000 and it has increased 2.5 times between 2000-2010.

Number and percentage of households, by sex of head of HH and types of HH

Variables

Number Percentage

2010/2000 (%)2000 2010 2000 2010

TotalTotal 541 149 713 780 100.0 100.0 31.9Male 452 704 560 224 83.7 78.5 23.8Female 88 445 153 556 16.3 21.5 73.6

SingleTotal 35 410 75 917 100.0 100.0 114.4Male 21 177 42 278 59.8 55.7 99.6Female 14 233 33 639 40.2 44.3 136.3

NuclearTotal 340 590 445 048 100.0 100.0 30.7Male 302 713 380 296 88.9 85.5 25.6Female 37 877 64 752 11.1 14.5 71.0

ExtendedTotal 150 431 177 898 100.0 100.0 18.3Male 117 210 127 071 77.9 71.4 8.4Female 33 221 50 827 22.1 28.6 53.0

CompositeTotal 14 718 14 917 100.0 100.0 1.4Male 11 604 10 579 78.8 70.9 -8.8Female 3 114 4 338 21.2 29.1 39.3

Single parent households, by residence, 2000, 2010

15-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74

75+

4 000

2 000 0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

National totalFemaleMale

20002010

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75+

2 000 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000

UrbanFemaleMale

15-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74

75+

2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000 3 000

RuralFemaleMale

There were increases in the number of single parent households in all age groups, particularly in the age group 40-54.

Percentage of single parent families, by employment status and residence, 2000, 2010

Rural

Urban

Total

44.5

34.7

37.9

55.5

65.3

62.1

Male headed single parent fami-lies

EmployedUnemployed

2010

Rural

Urban

Total

42.8

43.3

43.2

57.2

56.7

56.8

Female headed single parent families

Rural

Urban

Total

47.4

33.8

39.8

52.6

66.2

60.2

Male headed single parent fami-lies

EmployedUnemployed

2000

Rural

Urban

Total

47.4

41.2

43.5

52.6

58.8

56.5

Female headed single parent families

Number of Migrants by sex ratio, timing of migration, and thousand persons, 2000, 2010

610.7 SR=109.6

181.4 SR=101.9

79.0SR=118.8

1 097.6 SR=106.0

317.7SR=102.0

114.2 SR=114.8

Lifetime

Five year migration

One year migration

2010 2000

In 2000, 47.7 percent of lifetime migrants were female, while this percentage has slightly increased to 48.5 percent in 2010.

Differences between male and female migrants who migrated for over a year in urban and

rural areas, by age groups, 2010

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65+

2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500

FemaleMale

Urban

Rural

Difference in number of males and females who born in or migrated to current aimag and capital, 2000, 2010

KhuvsgulArkhangai

ZavkhanUvurkhangai

Gobi-AltaiKhovd

UlaanbaatarDornod

TuvBayankhongor

UvsDornogobi

KhentiiSukhbaatar

BulganSelenge

DundgobiBayan-Ulgii

UmnugobiDarkhan-Uul

OrkhonGobisumber

Foreign

4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000

3 578

37 796

8 913

8 1232010 FemaleMale

BornCurrently resid-nig Ulaanbaatar

KhuvsgulGobi-AltaiDornodUvurkhangaiDornogobiArkhangaiBulganBayankhongorTuvUmnugobiKhovdKhentiiSukhbaatarSelengeDundgobiZavkhanGobisumberBayan-UlgiiUvsDarkhan-UulOrkhonForeign

4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000

6 629 21 785

2000 FemaleMale

BornCurrently resid-ing

Number of aimags with non-migrant males has increased between two censuses. More females now live in urban areas.

Economic activity of population aged 15 and above, by migration status, sex, and percentage, 2010

Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male FemaleTotal Lifetime Moved in 5 year 1 year

44%37%

50%39%

50%

35%

50%38%

57%

35%

61%

56%63%

50%61%

50%

65%

50%62%

43%

65%

39%

Economically active (SR=121.5)

Economically inactive (SR=71.8)

Males are more economically active than females, especially among recent migrants.

Age and sex pyramid of children dropped out of school, 2010

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

2 500 1 500 500 500 1 500 2 500

Male Female

63 percent of school dropouts was among boys and 37 percent among girls.

Number of children aged 6-15 dropped out of school, by sex and regions, 2010

Western Khangai Central Eastern Ulaanbaatar 0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

Male Female

More boys drop out of school in all regions.

Educational levels of population aged 15 and above, by sex, and percentage, 2010

Primary

Basic

Secondary

Vocational

Specialized secondary

High education

Master

Doctorate

11.7

23.1

38.1

3.6

5.4

16.5

1.4

0.2

9.9

17.2

37.1

3.0

8.0

22.5

2.0

0.2

Female Male

More women have higher education. More men have lower educational attainment.

Population aged 15 and above acquiring education higher than specialized secondary, by age groups

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Male 2000

Fe-male 2000

Fe-male 2010

Male 2010

Higher education attainment of women than men may influence the decline in fertility and growing tendency for women to be independent from men.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

www.nso.mnwww.1212.mn

26th Population Census Conference

Organized by the Association of National Census and Statistics Directors of America,

Asia and Pacificwww.ANCSDAAP.org

Hosted by the NSO MongoliaDate: June 26-28, 2013Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Theme: Census Analysis and DisseminationWelcome to Mongolia