mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik - immi.homeaffairs.gov.au · ()

www.citizenship.gov.au

flTs; kPJ cWjpahf> ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J ,dp tUk; fhynky;yhk;

M];jpNuypahtpw;Fk;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;

mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjhfTk;

mtHfspd; cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; kjpj;njhOFtjhfTk;

mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;Wtjhftk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G

M];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikek;kpilNa cs;s nghJg; gpizg;G

© Commonwealth of Australia 2009

,t;thf;fk; gpuRupik ngw;wJ. tpahghu Nehf;fw;w ckJ jdpg;gl;l gad;ghl;bw;nfdNth> my;yJ

ckJ mikg;gpw;Fs;shf gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;nfdNth ,jid (,e;j mwptpg;gpid mfw;whky;)

ePq;fs; ,izaj;jpypUe;J ,jd; tbtpid khw;whky; jwtpwf;fk; nra;ayhk;> kw;wtuJ

ghHitf;F itf;fyhk;> mr;rplyhk; kw;Wk; ,jd; gpujpfis vLf;fyhk;. gpuRupikr; rl;lk; 1968

(Copyright Act 1968) ,d; fPo; mDkjpf;fg;gLk; gad;ghLfisj; jtpu> kw;w cupkq;fs; midj;Jk;

gpuRupik ngw;wtUilajhFk;.

Nkyjpf mDkjpf;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;fs; gpd;tUk; Kftupf;F mDg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;:

Commonwealth Copyright Administration

Copyright Law Branch

Attorney-General’s Department

Robert Garran Offices

National Circuit

Barton ACT 2600

njhiyefy;: 02 6250 5989

kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]

National Communications Branch of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship

6 Chan Street Belconnen ACT 2617 vDk; mikg;gpduhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ

ISBN 978-1-92446-96-2

kWg;Gf;$w;W (Disclaimer):

,we;J NghNdhu; rk;ge;jg;gl;l glq;fs; kw;Wk;/my;yJ tplaq;fs; ,e;j ntspaPl;by; ,lk;

ngw;Ws;sd vd;W mT];jpNuypag; G+HtPff; FbapdH kw;Wk; lhup]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdH

vr;rupf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;irf;F ePq;fs; Njuw;wj; Njitg;gLk; midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk;

,e;j E}y; mlf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;Fbaupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rpailtjw;fhf NtW ve;jj; jdp

eguplkpUe;Njh my;yJ mikg;Gf;fsplkpUe;Njh FbAupikg; guPl;irg; nghjpfs; vjidAk; ePq;fs;

thq;fj; Njitapy;iy. FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rp ngw cq;fSf;F cjTtjha;f; NfhUk; ve;jg;

nghjpiaAk; jpizf;fsk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNth my;yJ gupe;Jiuf;fNth ,y;iy.

cs;slf;fk;

cq;fSf;NfhH nra;jp 3

guPl;irf;fhd gFjp

gFjp 1 – mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk; 8

gFjp 2 – mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;>

cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; 16

gFjp 3 – mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk; 22

guPl;irg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 30

gapw;rpg; guPl;ir tpdhf;fs; 34

guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp

gFjp 4 – ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah 38

gFjp 5 – ekJ mT];jpNuypa tuyhW 54

guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 72

Nkyjpfj; jfty;fSf;F 74

ed;wp etpyy;fs; (Acknowledgments) 76

ngUk; gyd;fis mspf;fty;y

rpwg;Gupikia mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik mspf;fpwJ.

mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fshf Mtjd; %yk;>

jdpj;Jtk; gilj;jNjhH NjrPa r%fj;Jld; ePq;fs; ,izfpwPHfs;.

3cq;fSf;NfhH nra;jp

cq;fSf;NfhH nra;jpmT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhf Ntz;Lnkd;W ePq;fs; KbT nra;jikf;F vkJ tho;j;Jf;fs;. Gjpa xU ehl;by; tho;tjw;Fk;> me;j ehl;bd; Fbkfd; vd;w Kiwapy; KOg; gq;Nfw;gjw;Fk; ijupaKk;> Kaw;rpAk;> gw;WWjpAk; Njit. vq;fsJ mikjpahd> [dehaf r%fj;jpw;F ePq;fs; Mw;Wk; gq;fspg;gpid ehq;fs; Nghw;WfpNwhk;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ cq;fsJ Gyk;ngaHTg; ghijapy; xU Kf;fpakhd fl;lkhFk;. mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhtnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypa ehl;ilAk; ,e;j ehl;bd; tpOkpaq;fisAk; njhlHe;J kjpj;Jf; fhg;gjw;fhd gw;WWjpia ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;fpwPHfs; vd;Nw nghUshFk;. mj;NjhL mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpDy; xU Kiwg;gbahd mq;fj;Jtk; ngWtjw;fhd Muk;gKkhFk;. ‘ehd; xU mT];jpNuypad;’ vd;W ngUkpjkhf ePq;fs; nrhy;tjw;F top tFf;Fk; gbjhd; ,J.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ ngUk; gyd;fis toq;fty;yNjhH rpwg;GupikahFk;. mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhtjd; %yk; ePq;fs; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j xU Njrpa r%fj;jpdUld; xd;wpizfpd;wPHfs;. ekJ G+HtPff; Fbkf;fs; kw;Wk; cynfq;Fk; ,Ue;J gpd;dH te;j kf;fs; MfpNahuJ ,ize;j gq;fspg;Gfspd; kPNj ekJ ehL epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j gue;Jgl;l jd;ikia ehk; nfhz;lhLk; mNj Ntisapy;> xUkpj;jkhd> xw;Wik kpf;f Njrkhf jpfoTk; ehk; ghLgLfpNwhk;.

ekJ gpur;rpidfisj; jPHf;f ehk; ,izthf Kay;fpNwhk; vd;gijAk;> ,g;gbg;gl;l xU khngUk; ehlhf M];jpNuypah cUthf ehkidtUk; ciof;fpNwhk; vd;gijANk mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpduJ typik fhl;LfpwJ. ];jpukhd XH Ml;rpKiw vk;kplk; cs;sJ mj;Jld; murpdJ mjpfhuj;ijAk;> mjd; rl;lq;fisAk; mT];jpNuypaHfs; kjpj;njhOFtH. ekJ ];jpuj; jd;ik> ekJ fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; ekJ rl;lq;fs; Mfpad ek;Kila tuyhw;wpypUe;J cUntLj;jitahFk;. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdUld; rq;fkpg;gjd; %yk; ,e;j tuyhw;wpw;F ePq;fs; cupik ngWfpd;wPHfs;> mj;Jld; ,t;tuyhw;wpw;F cq;fsJ gq;fpid mspf;Fk; tha;g;igAk; ngWfpd;wPh;fs;.

mT];jpNuypah XH gz;ila ehlhFk;. ,J ghupaJk; jdpj;JtKk; tha;e;jJ. ,J gRikahd kiof;fhLfSk;> tdq;fSk; epiwe;j ehlhFk;; nghd;dpwf; flw;fiufSk;> tuz;l ghiyfSk; ,q;Fz;L. ek; G+HtPff; FbfsJ fyhr;rhuq;fs; cyfpd; kpfg; gioa> njhlHe;jpUf;fpd;w fyhr;rhuq;fshFk;. ehk; Gyk;ngaHe;J te;jtHfshy; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;lNjhH ,isa NjrKk; MNthk;. mT];;jpNuypahtpy; INuhg;gpaf; FbakHT 1788-Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fpaJ> ehk;; njhlHe;Jk; Gjpjha;g; Gyk; ngaHNthiu tuNtw;fpNwhk;. 200-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspypUe;J te;Js;NshH mT];jpNuypahitj; jk; ,y;ykhf;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,jd; tpisthf> cyfpd; kpfg; gue;Jgl;l r%fq;fspy; xd;whf ekJ r%fk; jpfo;fpwJ. gy ,dj;jpdiuAk;> gy fyhr;rhuj;jpdiuAk; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;Lld; mT];jpNuypah ntw;wpfukha; ,izthf;FfpwJ. FbAupik vd;w gpizg;Ng vk;kidtiuAk; Xd;wpizf;fpwJ.

mT];jpNuypah xU [dehaf ehlhFk;. vkJ [dehaf ehl;il epHkhdpf;Fk; gzpapy; KOg; gq;Nfw;Fk; tha;g;gpid FbAupik cq;fSf;F toq;FfpwJ. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdupd; rk;gpujhag;gbahd xU mq;fj;jpdH vd;w Kiwapy; cq;fsJ nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;w ePq;fs; Maj;jkhapUf;fpwPHfs; vd;gijNa ,J Fwpf;fpwJ. xt;nthU kdpjdpd; nfsutk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk;> MltH kw;Wk; kfspuJ rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp Mfpatw;wpy; mT];jpNuypaHfs; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdH. mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik vd;gJ cq;fs; ehshe;j tho;tpy; ,g;ngWkhdq;fis ePq;fs; filg;gpbg;gijNa Fwpf;fpwJ.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpnkhopgpwg;gpd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ tpUg;gpd; fhuzkhfNth ehk; mT];jpNuypauhf ,Uf;fyhk;> Mdhy; midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfSk; jkJ cupikfisAk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> kw;Wk; xU Fbkfd; vd;why; vd;d nghUs; vd;gijAk; mwpa Ntz;Lk;. ,J ek; ehl;il epHkhzpg;gjpy; xU Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;fpw;F nry;Yk; NghJ ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg;gpukhzk;’ (Australian Citizenship Pledge) xd;iw ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;tPHfs;. mg;gbr; nra;tjd; %yk;> cq;fsJ gw;WWjpia mT];jpNuypahtpw;F ePq;fs; gfpuq;fkhf ntspg;gLj;JfpwPHfs;> mj;Jld; mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikAld; ,ize;J tUk; nghWg;Gf;fisAk;> rpwg;GupikfisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwPHfs;. ,e;j ‘cWjpg;gpukhz’ (the Pledge) j;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s cz;ikahd mHj;jj;jpid mwpe;J nfhs;tjd; %yk;> ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbkfdhapUj;jy;’ vd;why; vd;d vd;gijAk;> cq;fsJ nghWg;Gfs; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gupikfs; ahit vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;s ,aYk;.

ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; cWjpg; gpukhzk; ,JNt:

*flTs; kPJ cWjpahf> ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J ,dp tUk; fhynky;yhk;

mT];jpNuypahtpw;Fk;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;



mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;Wtjhftk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

* ‘flTs; kPJ’ (‘under God’) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh

my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;.

,g;Gj;jfj;jpid ePq;fs; NkYk; gbf;Fk; Ntisapy;>

‘cWjpg;gpukhzj;jpd; KO mHj;jj;jpidAk;;

mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy; cq;fs; gq;fpid vt;thW Nkk;gLj;jyhk; vdgijAk;; ePq;fs;; Gupe;J nfhs;syhk;.

4 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G

mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfdhjy;mT];jpNuypahtpd; Gyg;ngaHT tuyhW 200 Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhFk;. ,t;tifapy;> ehk; ,d;Dk; xU ,isa Njrj;jtNu> mj;Jld; ePq;fSk; vkJ tuyhw;wpd; xU gFjpahtPHfs;. mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkfd; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; vLf;Fk; KbTfs; ekJ vjpHfhyj;jpid epHzapf;f cjTk;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;ir (The Australian citizenship test)mT];jpNuypahitg; gw;wpAk;> mjdJ FbAupikAld; NrHe;J tUk; nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gupikfs; Fwpj;Jk; Nghjpa mwpT cq;fSf;F cz;lh vd kjpg;gpLk; tifapy; ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;ir’ tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; cq;fSf;F mbg;gil mwpT ,Uf;fpwjh vd kjpg;gpLk; tifapYk; ,e;j FbAupikg; guPl;ir tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mq;fpyk; ekJ Njrpa nkhopahFk;. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; njhlHghly; nfhs;s ,aYtnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy; ePq;fs; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; gq;Nfw;f cjTk;. fy;tp> Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypah mspf;ftpUf;Fk; ,ju tha;g;Gf;fspd; KOg; gad;fisAk; ePq;fs; ngwTk; ,J cjTk;.

‘FbAupikg; guPl;ir’ vd;gJ ePq;fs; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; fzpdp (computer) apy; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ‘gy tpUg;gj; njupT’ guPl;ir (multiple choice test) MFk;. xU Nfs;tpf; fsQ;rpaj;jpypUe;J jw;Nghf;fhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l 20 Nfs;tpfs; ,e;j FbAupikr; Nrhjidapy; ,lk; ngWk;. ,r; Nrhjidapy; Njw 75 rj tpdhf;fSf;F> my;yJ 20 tpdhf;fspy; 15 ,w;F> ePq;fs; rupahd tpilaspf;f Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.

mT];jpNuypah KOtJk; ‘FbtuT kw;Wk; FbAupikj; Jiw’ (Department of Immigration and Citizenship) apduJ mYtyfq;fspy; FbAupikr; guPl;irfs; elj;jg;gLk;. mT];jpNuypah neLfpYk; cs;sfg; gFjpfspy; gy ,lq;fspYk;> ntspehLfspYs;s rpy J}jufq;fspYk; ,g;guPl;irfis elj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,f;FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rpailtjD}lhf> ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg;gpukhz’ (Australian Citizenship Pledge) j;jpid ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;tjd; Kyk; ePq;fs; mspf;Fk; gw;WWjpiag; Gupe;J nfhs;s cq;fshy; ,aYk; vd;gij ePq;fs; ep&gpj;jpUg;gPHfs;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;irf;F Maj;jkhjy;FbAupikg; guPl;irf;F cq;fis Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ePq;fs; ,e;j %ytsg; Gj;jfj;jpid (resource book) thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

%ytsg; Gj;jfk; (Resource book)guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba (testable)> kw;Wk; guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp (non-testable) vd ,uz;L gpupTfs; ,e;j Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;sd.

guPl;rpf;fg;gl;f; $ba gFjp (Testable Section)FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; NjHr;rpailaj; Njitg;gLk; midj;Jj; jfty;fSk; ,e;j E}ypd; Kjy; %d;W ghfq;fspy; cs;sd:

• gFjp 1 – mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk;

• gFjp 2 – mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;

• gFjp 3 – mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk;

FbAupikg; guPl;irapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f ,e;j guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjpapYs;s tplaq;fis ePq;fs; njupe;Jk;> Gupe;Jk; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp (Non-testable Section)mT];jpNuypahtpd; tuyhW kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;jpidg; Gupe;J nfhs;s cq;fSf;F cjTk; Kf;fpakhf jfty;fis ‘guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l gFjp’ nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;jj; jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ePq;fs; guPl;rpf;fg;glkhl;BHfs;.

• gFjp 4 – ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah

• gFjp 5 – ekJ mT];jpNuypa tuyhW

gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; (Practice questions)FbAupikr; guPl;irf;F cq;fis ePq;fs; jahHgLj;jpf; nfhs;s cjTk; nghUl;L ‘guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjp’ apd; ,Wjpapy; 20 gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

mUQ;nrhw; gl;bay; (Glossary)‘guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba’ kw;Wk; ‘guPl;irf;F mg;ghw;gl;l’ ,U gFjpfspd; KbtpYk; mUQ;nrhw; gl;bay; (gpujhd nrhw;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; mHj;jq;fs;) xd;W cs;sJ.

,e;jg; Gj;jfj;jpd; nkhopngaHg;Gfs;

Mq;fpyky;yhj ,ju nkhopfis vspjpy; thrpf;ff; $ba> kw;Wk; ,e;j ehl;Lf; Fbkf;fshFk; tha;g;Gs;s 37 rKjha nkhopfisg; NgRk; kf;fSf;nfd ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. www.citizenship.gov.au vDk; mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ,izajsj;jpypUe;J kl;LNk ,e;j nkhopngaHg;Gfis ,wf;fk; nra;ayhk;.

5cq;fSf;NfhH nra;jp

DVD (xsp-xypj;jl;L)jkJ FbAupikr; Nrhjidf;Fj; jahuhtjw;nfd mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fshFk; tha;g;Gs;NshUf;F cjtf; $ba xyp-xspj; jl;L (audio-visual DVD) xd;Wk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;sJ. ‘guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjp’ apYs;s Kf;fpakhd tptuq;fs; kw;Wk; 20 ‘gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;’ Mfpad Fwpj;j epfo;r;rp xd;wpid ePq;fs; ,e;j ‘xyp-xspj; jl;’by; fhz;gPHfs;. Mq;fpyj; jpwik Fiwthf cs;stHfs; ,r; Nrhjidf;F Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;nfd ,e;j xyp-xspj; jl;L jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j xyp-xspj; jl;bid cj;jputpd; ngaupy; ngwyhk; my;yJ www.citizenship.gov.au vDk; mT];jpNuypa ,izajsj;jpypUe;J ,wf;fk; nra;ayhk;.

‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikg; guPl;ir’ eilngWk; NghJ cjtpmT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fs; me;j];jpidg; ngw ,Uf;Fk; mNdfh; ,f;FbAupikr; Nrhjidia> cjtp VJk; ,y;yhkNyNa nra;J Kbg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd vOj;jwpTj; jpwd;fisg; ngw;wpUg;gH vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. Fiwe;j mstpyhd Mq;fpy nkhopj; jpwd;fs; fhuzkhf cjtp Njitg;gLNthUf;F tpdhf;fisAk;> njupT nra;tjw;fhfj; jug;gl;Ls;s gy tpilfisAk; rj;jkhfg; gbj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J xU mYtyuhy; cjt ,aYk;. fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jj; Njitg;gLk; jpwd; Fiwe;NjhUf;Fk; my;yJ cly; ,ayhikfs; cilatHfSf;Fk; cjtp fpilf;Fk;. FbAupikr; Nrhjidapd;NghJ cq;fSf;F cjtp Njitnadf; fUjpdhy; mJ gw;wp FbAupik mYtyfj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L tuTk;.

ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G: mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikf; fw;if newpfzpdpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Nrhjidf;Fg; gjpyhf> mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikf;fhd fw;if newp (course) xd;wpy; Nru ePq;fs; jFjp ngwf;$Lk;.

,g;Gj;jfj;jpd; guPl;rpf;fg;glf;$ba gFjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;s midj;J tplaq;fisAk; ,e;jf; fw;if newp nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mbg;gil Mq;fpy mwpT cq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gijAk;> ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg; gpukhz’ j;jpd; fUj;Jg;nghUis Gupe;J nfhs;s cq;fshy; ,aYk; vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

www.citizenship.gov.au vDk; mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ,izajsj;jpypUe;J ,f; fw;if newp Fwpj;j Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisg; ngwyhk;.

Nkyjpfj; jfty; ngwFbAupikj; jfty; ,izg;gpid (Citizenship Information Line) 131 880 vDk; ,yf;fj;jpy; (jpq;fs; Kjy; nts;sp tiu fhiy 8.30 kzp Kjy; khiy 4.30 kzp tiu) miof;fyhk;.

ciungaHg;ghsH cjtp Njitg;gl;lhy; 131 450 vDk; ,yf;fj;jpid mioAq;fs;.

www.citizenship.gov.au vDk; mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik ,izajsj;jpw;Fk; ePq;fs; nry;yyhk;.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;F (The Australian Citizenship Ceremony)mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;Ffs; xU rpyiu kl;LNk nfhz;l rpwpajhfNth> my;yJ Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhdtHfisNah my;yJ Mapuf; fzf;fhdtHfisNah nfhz;l ngupadthfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. Gjpa Fbkf;fspilNaAk;> rlq;fpid epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhupfspilNaAk; fhzg;gLk; czHr;rp kw;Wk; ngUkpjg; ngUf;F ,e;j epfo;r;rpia xU Nfhyhfykhd nfhz;lhl;lkhf;FfpwJ.

cq;fs; gFjpfspYs;s epyq;fSf;F ghuk;gupa cupikahsHfshf ,Uf;Fk; G+HtPff; Fbfspd; gpujpepjpahsH xUtuhy; FbAupikr; rlq;fpdJ Jtf;fj;jpd; NghJ ePq;fs; tuNtw;fg;glyhk;. cq;fsJ cs;SH r%fj;jpdupy; Kf;fpakhdtHfs; my;yJ murhq;fg; gpujpepjpfs; MfpNahuJ tuNtw;G kw;Wk; Cf;Ftpg;G thHj;ijfisAk; ePq;fs; Nfl;fyhk;.

mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fshtw;F tpUg;gk; njuptpj;J> cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; kw;wtHfSld; NrHe;J mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik cWjpg; gpukhzj;ij ePq;fs; thrpg;gPHfs; my;yJ kw;wtHfs; thrpf;ff; Nfl;L mij cuj;j Fuypy; jpUk;gr; nrhy;YtPHfs;. ,J ,r;rlq;fpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd; kPjhd cq;fs; gw;WWjp nkhopia ePq;fs; toq;Fk; tiuapy; ePq;fs; xU mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkdhf khl;BHfs;. Ntj E}y; xd;iwNah my;yJ Ntjthrfk; xd;iwNah ePq;fs; cld; vLj;J tuyhk;> Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpak; ,y;iy.

FbAupikapd; mHj;jk; vd;d vd;gJ Fwpj;J cq;fsJ r%fj;jpYs;s Kf;fpa gpuKfHfSk;> muRg; gpujpepjpfSk; rpw;Wiufs; Mw;WtH. cq;fSila ‘mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rhd;wpid (Certificate of Australian Citizenship) ePq;fs; ngWtPHfs;> mj;Jld; r%fj;jpduplkpUe;J rpW md;gspg;G xd;iwAk; ePq;fs; ngwf;$Lk;. mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa fPjkhd ‘ml;thd;]; m];l;uhypah /ngaH’ (‘Advance Australia Fair’) vDk; fPjj;jpid xt;nthUtUk; ,irg;gH. ,e;j mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;F Kbtile;jTld;> cq;fsJ rf mT];jpNypah;fis re;jpj;J mtHfSld; ,e;j epfo;it kfpo;tha;f; nfhz;lhLk; tha;g;G cq;fSf;Ff; fpl;Lk;.

ePq;fs; mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fshf Mdjw;Fk;> mT];jpNuypahtpy; mikjpahd kw;Wk; gad; kpf;f tho;f;if xd;wpidj; Jtq;Ftjw;Fk; vkJ ey;tho;j;Jf;fs;.

jkJ FbAupikr; rlq;fpd; NghJ Gjpjha;f; FbAupik ngw;wtHfs;

‘guPl;irf;FupagFjp’apd; Jtf;fk;

gFjp 1mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk;


mT];jpNuypahtpw;Fk;> mjd; kf;fSf;Fk;;

mtHfspd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjhfTk;;


mtHfspd; rl;lq;fis kjpj;Jg; gpd;gw;WtjhfTk; tpRthrg; gpukhzk; mspf;fpd;Nwd;.

*‘flTs; kPJ’ (‘under God’) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;.


mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk;mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;fpd; NghJ mT];jpNuypa ehl;bw;Fk; mjd; kf;fSf;Fk; ckJ tpRthrj;jpid ePq;fs; cWjpaspf;fpd;wPHfs;. MfNt ekJ RNjr gz;ghL cs;slq;f> mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdH kw;Wk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fs; MfpNahH Fwpj;j tplaq;is ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. epr;rakw;w xU gpupl;b\; FbNaw;wkhfj; Jtq;fpa mT];jpNuypah> ,d;W xU ];jpuk; tha;e;j> ntw;wpfukhd gy;fyhrhuj; Njrkhf vt;thW cUntLj;Js;sJ vd;gij ePq;fs; njupe;J nfhs;tJk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

ekJ tuyhw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;w Kf;fpa epfo;Tfspy; rpytw;iwf; Fwpj;J ,g;gFjpapy; ePq;fs; thrpg;gPHfs;. ekJ khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjpfs; Fwpj;j tplaq;fs; ,jpy; cs;sd> kw;Wk; ek;kidtiuAk; mT];jpNuypaHfs; vdj; njsptha; milahsk; fhl;Lk; kuGKiwfs; kw;Wk; rpd;dq;fs; Fwpj;j jfty;fSk; ,jpy; fhzg;gLk;.

ek; ehl;L kf;fs;mT];jpNuypag; G+HtPff; Fbfs;‘mNghup[pdpapdH kw;Wk; nlhu]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdNu’ (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people) mT];jpNuypahtpd; Kjy; Fbkf;fshtH. ,tHfNs mT];jpNuypahtpd; G+HtPff; Fbfs;. mT];jpNuypag; G+HtPff; FbapduJ fyhr;rhuk; cyfpd; njhlHe;J ePbf;Fk; fyhr;rhuq;fspy; kpfj; njhd;ikahdjhFk;.

tuyhw;wpd;gb> mNghup[pdpapdH mT];jpNuypahtpd; ngUepyg;gFjp kw;Wk; j];Nkdpahitr; rhHe;jtHfshtH. 40>000 Kjy; 60>000 Mz;LfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhykhf mtHfs; ,q;F tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH.

Ftpd;];yhe;J khepyj;jpd; tl Gwkha; mike;Js;s jPTfisr; rhHe;jtHfs;jhd; ‘nlhu]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdH’ vd miof;fg;gLgtHfshtH. ,tHfs; njspthd fyhr;rhu milahsj;jpidf; nfhz;ltHfshtHfs;.

,d;iwf;Fk; jkJ tho;f;iff;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;Fk; ek;gpf;iffisAk;> njhd;Wnjhl;l kuGfisAk; G+HtPff;FbapdH nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,e;ehl;bd; epyj;Jld; Mo;e;j ,izg;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;s ,tHfs;> mjid jkJ fijfs;> fiy kw;Wk; eldq;fspy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.

INuhg;gpaf; FbNaw;wj;jpd; Muk;g fhyk;Kjyhtjhf jz;lidf; ifjpfis Vw;wp te;j ‘Kjy; fg;gy;; njhFjp’ (‘First Fleet’) vd miof;fg;gLk; 11 fg;gy;fs; gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;J 1788-Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 26-e; Njjp te;J NrHe;j ehspypUe;J INuhg;gpaf; FbNaw;wk; Jtq;fpaJ.

mr;rkaj;jpy; gpupj;jhdpa rl;lq;fs; fLikahf ,Ue;jNjhL> jkJ Fw;wq;fSf;fhfj; jz;bf;fg;gl;l Vuhskhd ifjpfSf;F rpiwr;rhiyfspy; ,lk; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpur;rpidiar; rkhspg;gjw;nfd> ,f; ifjpfis cyfpd; kWgf;fj;jpYs;s Gjpa FbNaw;wkhd epA+ ]Tj; Nty;];]pw;F Vw;wp mDg;Gtnjd gpupj;jhdpa murhq;fk; KbT nra;jJ.

epA+ ]Tj; Nty;]; FbNaw;wj;jpd; Kjy; MSeH Captain Arthur Phillip vd;gtuhthH. INuhg;gpaf; FbNaw;wj;jpd; Kjy; rpy Mz;Lfspy; vOe;j gy gpur;rpidfis ,tH ntw;wpfukha;r; rkhspj;jhH. ,f; FbNaw;wk; ePbj;jNjhL Nkyjpfkhd jz;lizf;ifjpfSk;> Rje;jpuf; FbNawpfSk; te;J Nruj; Jtq;fpajhy; ,f; FbNaw;wk; tsHe;J tpuptile;jJ. NkYk; gy FbNaw;wq;fs; ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfspYk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

Muk;gfhy Rje;jpuf; FbNawpfs; gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;Jk; maHyhe;jpypUe;Jk; te;jtHfshtH. mT];jpNuypahtpd; tuyhW> fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; murpay; Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ ,e;j gpupj;jhdpa kw;Wk; maHyhe;Jg; ghuk;gupar; nry;thf;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ.

1851-Mk; Mz;L epA+ ]Tj; Nty;]; kw;Wk; tpf;Nlhupah FbNaw;wq;fspy; jq;fk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. jkJ mjpU\;lj;ijj; Njb cyfpd; gy gFjpfspypUe;Jk; ,f;FbNaw;wq;fSf;F kf;fs; tuj; njhlq;fpdH. ,r;rkaj;jpy; te;j rPdHfs;jhd; Kjyhtjhfg; Gyk;ngaHe;j INuhg;gpauy;yhjtHfshtH. 10 tUlq;fspy; kf;fs; njhif ,U klq;ifAk; jhz;baJ.

mT];jpNuypa Njrk;,ijj; njhlHe;j jrhg;jq;fspy; ,t;ntt;NtW FbNaw;wq;fs; jhk; xNu Njrkhf ,iztijg; gw;wp fye;Jiuahbd.

1901-Mk; Mz;L ,f;FbNaw;wq;fs; ‘mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR’ (the Commonwealth of Australia) vd miof;fg;gLk; khepyq;fspd; $l;likg;ghf xd;wpizf;fg;gl;ld. mr;rkak; mT];jpNuypahtpd; kf;fs;njhif RkhH 4 kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ. G+HtPff; Fbkf;fs; ,e;j vz;zpf;ifapy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.

20-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kjy; miug; gFjp KOtJk; Gyk;ngaHe;J te;Njhupd; vz;zpf;if rpyNghJ $bAk; rpyNghJ Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gl;lJ. gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;J mjpfkhNdhiu Gyk;ngaUkhW jPtpukha; Cf;Ftpg;gjw;nfd gy jpl;lq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jd> ,jdhy; gyH Gyk;ngaHe;J te;jdH.

,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ,yl;rf; fzf;fhd INuhg;gpa kf;fs; jkJ nrhe;j ehLfis tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;l NghJ gpupj;jhdpaH my;yhj kf;fsJ Gyk;ngaHT miynahd;W vOe;jJ. Gjpa tho;f;if xd;iw mikj;Jf;nfhs;s VuhskhNdhH mT];jpNuypahtpw;F te;jdH.

rkPg fhyq;fspy; ekJ Gyk;ngaHT kw;Wk; milf;fyk; ehLNthH jpl;lq;fs; cynfq;fpUe;Jk; kf;fis mT];jpNuypahtpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;Js;sd. FLk;gj;jpdUld; ,izaTk;> ,isa ehL xd;wpy; Gjpa tho;f;if xd;iwj; Jtq;fTk;> my;yJ tWik> NghH my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy;fspypUe;J jg;gTk; kf;fs; ,q;F te;Js;sdH.

mT];jpNuypah ,d;W 22 kpy;ypad; kf;fisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,k;kf;fspy; fhy; gFjpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;NlhH ntspehLfspy; gpwe;jth;fshtH. ekJ Njrj;jpw;F ,k;kf;fs; Mw;wpAs;s gq;fspg;gpd; fhuzkhf mT];jpNuypah tYTk; rpwg;Gk; ngw;Ws;sJ. mT];jpNuypa kf;fsJ gue;Jgl;l jd;ikapy; ehk; ngUkpjk; nfhs;Sk; mNjNtis> xd;Wgl;l> xUq;fpize;j Njrk; xd;iw cUthf;FtJk; ekJ Fwpf;NfhshFk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; NjrPa nkhop Mq;fpykhFk;. ,J ekJ NjrPa milahsj;jpd; xU mq;fk;;. mT];jpNuypa rKjhaj;jpy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F VJthf> xt;nthUtUk; Mq;fpy nkhopiag; gapd;W mijg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. mT];jpNuypahtpy; rpwg;gha; thoTk;> gzpahw;wTk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; njhlHghly; nfhs;tJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ,ju nkhopfSk; kjpj;Jg; Ngzg;gLfpd;wd. mT];jpNuypahtpdJ gue;Jgl;l r%fj;jpdupilNa 200-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfs; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd.

mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G10

Darwin

Brisbane

Hobart

Melbourne

Australian Capital Territory

Perth

Adelaide

Queensland

New South Wales

Northern Territory

Western Australia

South Australia

Tasmania

Victoria

CanberraSydney

mT];jpNuypahtpd; khepyq;fSk; vy;iyg; gFjpfSk;mT];jpNuypag; nghJey murhdJ khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFpjfspd; $l;lhFk;. ,jpy; MW khepyq;fSk;> ,U ngUepyg;gFjp vy;iyg;gFjpfSk; mlq;fpAs;sd. nfd;guh mT];jpNuypahtpd; jiyefuhFk;. mj;Jld; xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;> ngUepyg;gFjpapYs;s vy;iyg;gFjpf;Fk; mjw;Nf cupa jiyefH cz;L.

khepyk; jiyefuk;

New South Wales (NSW) Sydney

Victoria (Vic.) Melbourne

Queensland (Qld) Brisbane

Western Australia (WA) Perth

South Australia (SA) Adelaide

Tasmania (Tas.) Hobart

vy;iyg;gFjp jiyefuk;

Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra

Northern Territory (NT) Darwin

nfd;guh (Canberra) mT];jpNuypahtpd; jiyefuKk;

MFk;


mT];jpNuypaj;

jiyefug; gFjp

epA+ ]Tj; Nty;];

Ftpd;];yhe;J

njw;F mT];jpNuypah

j];Nkdpah

tpf;Nlhupah

Nkw;F mT];jpNuypah

tlf;F vy;iyg;gFjp

khepyq;fs;gpupj;jdpahthy; epWtg;gl;l Kjy; FbNaw;wk; New South Wales MFk;. ]pl;dp> epA+ ]Tj; Nty;]; khepyj;jpd; jiyefuKk;> mT];jpNuypahtpd; kpfg; ngUk; efuKkhFk;. ]pl;dpapYs;s ‘`hHgH g;upl;[;’ kw;Wk; ‘Xnguh `T];’ Mfpait ,e;ehl;bd; Njrpar; rpd;dq;fshFk;.

ngUepyg;gFjpapy; cs;s khepyq;fspy; Victoria kpfr; rpwpajhFk;. 1850-fspy; Vw;gl;l ‘jq;f vOr;rp’apd; NghJ jpul;lg;gl;l nry;tj;jpypUe;J tpf;Nlhupa khepyj;jpd; gy mofpa fl;blq;fs; vOg;gg;gl;ld. nky;gHd; tpf;Nlhupahtpd; jiyefuhFk;.

Queensland ,uz;lhtJ ngupa khepykhFk;. ,k; khepyj;jpw;F tlf;Nf nlhu]; ePHr;re;jpj; jPTfs; mike;Js;sd. ntg;gg;gpuNjr kiof;fhLfisAk;> kpjntg;gg;gFjp flNyhug; gFjpfisAk; kw;Wk; ngUk;ghYk; tuz;l cs;sfg;gFjpfisAk; ,k;khepyk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; fpof;Ff; flw;fiuianahl;b cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w ‘fpNul; gupah; uPg;’ (Great Barrier Reef) mike;Js;sJ. Ftpd;];yhe;J khepyj;jpd; jiyefH gpup];gd; MFk;;.

Western Australia mT];jpNuypahtpd; kpfg; ngUk; khepykhFk;. ,k;khepyj;jpd; fpof;Fg; gFjpapd; ngUk; gFjp ghiytdkhFk;. ,jd; njd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; nropg;ghd tptrha epyq;fSk;> jpuhl;irj; Njhl;lq;fSk; epiwe;Js;sd. gy ngupa jhJr; Ruq;fj; jpl;lq;fs; ,k;khepyj;jpy; mike;Js;sd. ,k;khepy kf;fspy; Kf;fhy; gFjpapdH ,jd; jiyefuhd NgHj; ,y; trpf;fpd;wdH.

fuLKulhd flw;fiug; gFjpfisAk;> Gfo; ngw;w jpuhl;ir cw;gj;jpg; gFjpfisAk; nfhz;l khepyk; South Australia MFk;. FbNaw;wf;fhy fl;blf;fiyiaf; fhl;Lk; gy cjhuzq;fs; ,k; khepyj;jpd; jiyefuhd mbnya;by; cs;sd.

‘gh]; ePupiz’apdhy; (Bass Strait) ngUepyg;gFjpapypUe;J gpupf;fg;gLk; Tasmania mT];jpNuypahtpd; kpfr; rpwpa khepykhFk;. ,k;khepyj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp fiwglhj tdg;gFjpfshFk;. N`hghHl; j];Nkdpahtpd; jiyefuk;.

vy;iyg;gFjpfs;]pl;dp kw;Wk; nky;gHd; efuq;fSf;fpilNa Australian Capital Territory mike;Js;sJ. ,J Njrj;jpd; jiyefuhd nfd;guh mike;Js;s gFjpahFk;. ghuhSkd;wf; fl;blk; kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; Nghd;w Kf;fpakhd NjrPa mikg;Gf;fspd; ,Ug;gplkhFk; ,J.

Northern Territory apd; tlGw vy;iyg;gFjpapy; ntg;gg;gpuNjrKk;> njd;gFjpfspy; nrk;ik epw ghiytdKk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j vy;iyg;gFjpapd; rpW kf;fs;njhifapdupy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH ,jd; jiyefuhd lhHtpd; efupYk;> kw;Wk; lhHtpdpypUe;J mT];jpNuypahtpd; ikaj;jpw;F mUfpYs;s myp]; ];g;upq; efUf;Fr; nry;Yk; neLQ;rhiyianahl;bAk; trpf;fpd;wdH.


Xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ‘mT];jpNuypa jpd’j;jd;W gy FbAupikr;

rlq;Ffs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd

‘Md;]f; jpd’ mzptFg;G (Anzac Day parade)

njhd;Wnjhl;l kuGfSk; rpd;dq;fSk;

mT];jpNuypauJ Kf;fpa jpdq;fs;

‘mT];jpNuypa jpdk;’ (Australia Day)xt;nthU Mz;Lk; [dtup 26 Mk; jpfjp ‘mT];jpNuypa jpdk;’ nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; vy;iyg;gFjpapYk; ‘mT];jpNuypa jpdk;’ xU nghJ tpLKiw ehshFk;.

mT];jpNuypa ehl;ilAk; kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypadhf ,Ug;gJ Fwpj;Jk; cs;s rpwg;ghd tplaq;fis ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s rpwpa> ngupa r%fj;jpdHfs; ‘mT];jpNuypa jpd’j;jd;W nfhz;lhLtH. ,J mT];jpNuypahtpy; eilngWk; kpf Kf;fpakhd tUlhe;jg; nghJ epfo;thFk;.

‘mT];jpNuypa jpdk;’ ekJ tuyhw;wpw;Fk;> ,e;j ehl;bid xU khngUk; Njrkhf cUthf;fpa midtUf;Fk; kupahij nrYj;Jk; ehshFk;. ,J jw;fhyj;jpid kfpo;thff; nfhz;lhlTk;> kfpo;r;rp kpf;f vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhf midtUk; cWjp G+Ztjw;Fkhd ehshFk;. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf> ehL KStJk; gy FbAupikr; rlq;Ffs; ‘mT];jpNuypa jpd’j;jd;W ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

gpupj;jhdpa murhq;fj;jpw;nfd jz;lidf;ifjpf; FbapUg;G xd;iw mikf;f ngupa gpupj;jhdpahtpypUe;J Kjy; fg;gy;fs; njhFjp 1788-y; ,q;F te;jile;j ehs;jhd; [dtup 26 MFk;. Captain Arthur Phillip vd;gtH ,f; fg;gy;fspd; jsgjpahthH.

‘mT];jpNuypa jpd’j;jd;W ,uT ‘Mz;bd; rpwe;j mT];jpNuypaH’ (Australian of the Year) tpUJfis gpujkH nfd;guhtpy; mwptpg;ghH.

‘Md;]f; jpdk;’ (Anzac Day)xt;nthU tUlKk; Vg;uy; khjk; 25-Mk; Njjp ‘Md;]f; jpdk;’ mD\;bf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghupd; NghJ> 1915-Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; 25-Mk; Njjp JUf;fpapy; cs;s fypnghyp (Gallipoli) vDk; ,lj;jpy; mT];jpNuypa kw;Wk; epA+]Pyhe;Jg; gilapdH (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) jiuapwq;fpa ehs;jhd; ‘Md;]f; jpdk;’ (Anzac Day) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

Aj;jq;fs;> rHr;irfs; kw;Wk; mikjp fhf;Fk; gzpfspy; Nritahw;Wk; NghJ capHj; jpahfk; nra;j midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfisAk; ehk; mikjpahf epidT $Wk; ehNs ‘Md;]f; jpdk;;’ vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. midj;J ,uhZt tPuHfs; kw;Wk; tPuhq;fidfsJ ijupaj;ijAk;> ehl;Lg;gw;iwAk; ehk; kupahij kjpg;Gld; epidT $HfpNwhk;.

‘mT];jpNuypa jpdk;’> ‘Md;]f; jpdk;’ kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd NjrPa ehl;fs; kw;Wk; nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; gw;wpa Nkyjpfj; jfty;fis gFjp 4 ,y; ‘,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah’tpy; fhzyhk;.


mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp; G+HtPff;FbapdH nfhbahdJ fUg;G>

rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs; epwq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;

‘nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhbahdJ gr;ir> ePyk;> fUg;G

kw;Wk; nts;is epwq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;

mT];jpNuypaf; nfhbfs;mT];jpNuypahtpy; mjpfhuG+Htkhd %d;W nfhbfs; cs;sd: mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhb> mT];jpNuypa mNghup[pdp G+HtPf kf;fsJ nfhb kw;Wk; nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhb.

xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;> vy;iyg;gFjpf;Fk; cupj;jhd nfhbAk; cs;sJ. ,tw;iwg; gf;fk;; 11,y; fhzyhk;.

mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhb ePyk;> nts;is kw;Wk; rptg;G tz;zq;fisf; nfhz;lJ

mT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhbmT];jpNuypa Njrpaf; nfhbapy; ePyk;> nts;is kw;Wk; rptg;G tz;zq;fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; %d;W Kf;fpa gFjpfs; cz;L:

• ‘A+dpad; n[f;’ (Union Jack) vd miof;fg;gLk; gpupj;jhdpahtpd; nfhb NkNy ,lJ gf;f %iyapy; fhzg;gLk;. ekJ gpupj;jhdpa FbNaw;w tuyhw;wpid ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

• ‘nghJey muR el;rj;jpuk;’ (The Commonwealth Star) ‘A+dpad; n[f;’ ,d; fPNo ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j el;rj;jpuk; VO Kidfisf; nfhz;lJ> MW Kidfs; xt;nthU khepyj;ijAk;> VohtJ Kid vy;iyg;gFjpfisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

• tyJ Gwkhf ,Uf;Fk; ‘njw;Fr; rpYitahdJ’ (Southern Cross) thdj;jpd; njd; gFjpapy; ehk; fhZk; xU el;rj;jpuf; FOkkhFk;.

mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pd; goq;FbapdH nfhb (The Australian Aboriginal Flag)mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp; G+HtPff;FbapdH nfhbahdJ fUg;G> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs; epwq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,jpy; %d;W Kf;fpa gFjpfs; cs;sd. ,e;epwq;fsJ nghJthd mHj;jkhdJ:

• nfhbapd; Nkw;Gw miug;gFjp fUg;G epwkhdJ. ,J mT];jpNuypa mnghup[pdp; G+HtPff;Fbapdiuf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.

• fPNoAs;s miug; gFjp rptg;G epwkhFk;. ,J ,e;j kz;izAk;> ,e;j epyj;Jld; ,k; kf;fs; nfhz;Ls;s Mj;kPfj; njhlHgpidAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

• kQ;rs; epw tl;lkhdJ fjputidf; Fwpf;Fk;.

nlhu]; ePupidj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhb(The Torres Strait Islander Flag)‘nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jpduJ nfhbahdJ gr;ir> ePyk;> fUg;G kw;Wk; nts;is epwq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

• gr;ir epwf; NfhLfshdJ epyj;jpidf; Fwpf;Fk;.

• kj;jpag; gFjpapYs;s ePyg; gFjpahdJ fliyf; Fwpf;Fk;.

• fUg;G epwf; NfhLfs; ‘nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtf

kf;fisf; fhl;Lk;.

• eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; eldkhbapd; ntz;ik epwj; jiy mzp ‘nlhu]; ePupizj; jPtfj;jtHfs; midtuJ rpd;dkhFk;.

• ,jpYs;s nts;is el;rj;jpuj;jpd; Kidfs; nlhu]; ePupizapYs;s jPTfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.

• ,jpYs;s ntz;ik epwk; mikjpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.


nghJey muRr; rpd;dk; (Commonwealth Coat of Arms)‘nghJey muRr; rpd;dk;’ vd;gJ mT];jpNuypag; nghJey murpd; mjpfhuG+Ht milahsr; rpd;dkhFk;. ekJ Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bid ,J gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gL;j;JfpwJ. mT];jpNuypag; nghJey murpdJ mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk;> nrhj;jpw;Fk; ,J milahskha; tpsq;FfpwJ.

• ,jd; kj;jpapYs;s Nflak; ehl;bd; MW khepyq;fisAk;> $l;likg;gpidAk; fhl;LfpwJ.

• xU gf;fj;jpy; fq;fhU xd;Wk;> kW gf;fj;jpy; ,kpA xd;Wk; ,f;Nflaj;ijj; jhq;fp epw;fpd;wd. fq;fhUfs; mT];jpNuypahtpd; RNjr tpyq;FfshFk;> mj;Jld; ,kpAfs; mT];jpNuypahtpd; RNjr gwitfshFk;.

• nghd;dpwkhd nghJey muR el;rj;jpuk; xd;W ,f; Nflaj;jpd; Nkw;Gwkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

• mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyuhd ‘jq;f thl;by;’ (Golden Wattle) gpd;dzpapy; fhzg;gLk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyH‘jq;f thl;by;’ mT];jpNuypahtpdJ Njrpa kyuhFk;. ,r;rpW kukhdJ nghJthf mT];jpNuypahtpd; njd;fpof;Fg; gFjpapy; tsHfpwJ. tre;jfhyj;jpy; ,k;kuk; gpufhrkhd gRik ,iyfisAk;> gy nghd;dpw kQ;rs; kyHfisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. xt;nthU mT];jpNuypa khepyKk;> vy;iyg;gFjpAk; jdf;Nf cupj;jhd kyHr; rpd;dq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa tz;zq;fs;‘jq;f thl;by;’ ,d;; epwq;fshd nghd;dpwKk; gr;irAk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa epwq;fshFk;. ekJ Njrpa tpisahl;L mzpfsJ rPUilfs; nghJthf gr;ir kw;Wk; jq;f epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

‘mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa ituf;fy;’ (Australia’s national gemstone) ‘Xgy;’ (the Opal) mT];jpNuypahtpd; ‘Njrpa ituf;fy;’ MFk;. mnghup[pdp goq;fijfspy;> thdtpy; xd;W G+kpiaj; njhl;L ‘xgy;’ fy;ypd; tz;zq;fis cUthf;fpaJ.

nghJey muRr; rpd;dk;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa epwq;fs; gr;irAk;

nghd;dpwKkhFk;.

‘jq;f thl;by;’ (Golden Wattle)

‘Xgy;’ (Opal)


mT];jpNuypa Njrpa fPjk;

‘ml;thd;]; m];l;uhypah /ngaH’ (‘Advance Australia Fair’) mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa fPjkhFk;. Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j epfo;r;rpfspy; ,J ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupikr; rlq;FfspYk;> Kf;fpa tpisahl;L epfo;r;rpfspYk; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspYk; ,J ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,j;Njrj;jpid

xd;WgLj;JfpwJ> mj;Jld;; xU mT];jpNuypadhf ,Ug;gjd; kfpo;itAk; ngUkpjj;ijAk; ,J ntspg;gilahfj; njupag;gLj;JfpwJ.

Advance Australia Fair

Australians all let us rejoice,

For we are young and free;

We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;

Our home is girt by sea;

Our land abounds in nature’s gifts

Of beauty rich and rare;

In history’s page, let every stage

Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


Beneath our radiant Southern Cross

We’ll toil with hearts and hands;

To make this Commonwealth of ours

Renowned of all the lands;

For those who’ve come across the seas

We’ve boundless plains to share;

With courage let us all combine

To Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


*Njrpa fPjk; gw;wp ePq;fs; guPl;rpf;fg;gl;lhYk; Njrpa fPjj;jpy; cs;s thHj;ijfs; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; guPl;rpf;fg;gl khl;Bh;fs;.






*‘flTs; kPJ’ (‘under God’) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;.

gFjp 2mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf

ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;

gFjp 2 – mT];jpNuypahtpdJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; 17

mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;

midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfSk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rkkhdtHfNs> ve;jnthU egNuh my;yJ FOtpdNuh rl;lj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;ltuy;y. ,JNt ‘rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhl;rp’ vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. mT];jpNuypa r%fq;fspy; mjpfhuk; gilj;j gjtpfis tfpg;NghUk; mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis kjpj;njhOf Ntz;baJ fl;lhak;. murhq;f> r%f kw;Wk; kjj; jiytHfSk;> tHj;jfHfSk; fhty;JiwapdUk; ,jpy; cs;slq;FtH.

mikjpahf tho;jy;];jpukhd murhq;f Kiwikiaf; nfhz;l mikjpahd xU ehl;by; tho;tJ Fwpj;J ehk; ngUikg;gLfpNwhk;. fye;Jiuahly;fs;> mikjpahd Kiwapyhd fUj;Jf; $wy; kw;Wk; [dehaf Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;gd %yNk khw;wq;fs; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vkJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;. xU kdpjdJ kdijNah my;yJ rl;lj;ijNah khw;w td;Kiwia xU topahff; nfhs;tij ehk; epuhfupf;fpNwhk;.

gpd;dzp Fwpj;j Ngjk; VJkpd;wp midj;Jj; jdpkdpjUf;Fk; kjpg;GmT];jpNuypahtpy; FbakUtjw;nfd cynfq;fpUe;Jk; kf;fs; tUfpd;wdH. kf;fs; gyUf;F NtW fyhr;;;rhug; ghuk;gupaKk;> NtW ek;gpf;iffSk;> kuGfSk; cs;sd. ,e;j ek;gpf;iffSk;> kuGfSk; mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;ij kPwhj tiuapYk; mtw;iw kjpf;fTk;> gfpHe;J nfhs;sTk; ekJ [dehaf r%fj;jpy; ekf;F Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

,r; Rje;jpuj;jpid ehk; kjpj;Jg; NgZtNjhL xUtiunahUtH ,dk;> te;j Njrk;> ghypdk;> ghypd tpUg;Gj;njupT> jpUkz epiy> taJ> clypayhik> ghuk;gupak;> fyhr;rhuk;> murpay;> nry;tk;; my;yJ kjk; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghFghbd;wp elj;j Ntz;Lnkd midj;J mT];jpNuypauplKk; vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;.

midtuJ nfsutj;jpw;Fk; kjpg;gspf;Fk; ,e;j gu];gu kupahij Kiwikia ehk; Nghw;wpg;NgZfpNwhk;.

NjitapypUg;NghUf;Ff; fUiz fhl;ly;‘Njhoikg;ghuk;gupak;’ (mateship) vDk; czHT mT];jpNuypahtpy; cz;L. cjtp Njitg;gLk; jUzq;fspy; ehk; xUtUf;nfhUtH cjtpf;fuk; ePl;LfpNwhk; vd;gNj ,jd; nghUshFk;. ‘Njhod;’ (mate) vdg;gLk; egH nghJthf ez;gnuhUtuhfNt ,Ug;ghH> vdpDk; ,tH mwNt Kd;gpd;dwpahj xUtuhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ‘Nkl;’ vd;gtH %j;j maytH xUtUf;F czT vLj;Jr; nry;yyhk;> itj;jpaiug; ghHg;gjw;nfd ez;gnuhUtiu thfdj;jpy; mioj;Jr; nry;yyhk;> my;yJ jdpikapy; ,Uf;Fk; xUtuJ ,y;yj;jpw;F tp[ak; nra;ayhk;.

,j; NjhoikAzHtpd; fhuzkhf RatpUg;g r%fj; njhz;bd; %yk; gy jdpg;gl;l kf;fSk;> mikg;gpdUk; kw;wtHfSf;F cjTfpd;wdH. ePq;fSk; xU RatpUg;gj; njhz;luhfyhk;. ,t;thW RatpUg;Gj;njhz;lhw;WtJ kdj; jpUg;jpaspf;fty;yjhFk;. ,J> ehkwpe;j tplaq;fis kw;wtHfSld; gfpHe;J nfhs;sTk;> GJj; jpwd;fisg; gapyTk;> mT];jpNuypa r%fj;Jld; cq;fSf;Fs;s gpizg;GzHit Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd ngUk; tha;g;ghFk;. ‘r%fg; ghJfhg;G’ (social security) kw;Wk; ,ju Nritfspd; thapyhf cjtp Njitg;gLk; mT];jpNuypaUf;F ekJ muRk; xj;jhir nra;fpwJ.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffis gfpHe;J nfhs;fpwPHfs; vdTk;> mT];jpNuypa kf;fsJ cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuq;fisAk; kjpf;fpwPHfnsdTk; gpufldg;gLj;jp FbAupikr; rlq;fpd; NghJ ePq;fs; cWjpg;gpukhzk; xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;tPHfs;.

mT];jpNuypah xU [dehaf ehL. ehl;ilahSk; gpujpepjpfis kf;fs; Rje;jpukha;j; NjHe;njLj;J> ,g;gpujpepjpfs; kf;fspd; rhHghf rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; murhq;f mikg;G KiwiaNa [dehafk; vd;wiof;fpNwhk;.

mikjp> kupahij> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpy; mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sdH. kw;w kdpjHfsJ NtWghLfs; kw;Wk; tpUg;gq;fspy; jkf;F cld;ghL ,y;yhtpbDk;> ,e;j Ntw;WikfisAk;> tpUg;gq;fisAk; kjpg;gnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypauhf ,Ug;gjd; Kf;fpakhdnjhU mq;fkhFk;. ve;j ehL> vd;d ghuk;gupak;> vd;d ghypdk; vd;w tpj;jpahrkpd;wp midtiuAk; rkkha; elj;jp> midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; rk tha;g;Gf;fisAk;> cupikfisAk; toq;FtNj mT];jpNuypauhf ,Ug;gjd; mHj;jkhFk;.

ekJ ehl;bw;Fk; fyhr;rhuj;jpw;Fk; tbtspj;Js;s ,e;j [dehaf ek;gpf;iffspd; fhuzkhfNt mNefH jhKk; mT];jpNuypaHfshf Mf Ntz;Lnkd tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. vdNt> midj;J mT];jpNuypaUk; Nghw;Wk; ,e;j [dehaf ek;gpf;iffisAk;> cupikfisAk;> Rje;jpuq;fisAk; ePq;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

ekJ [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;ghuhSkd;w [dehafk; (Parliamentary Democracy)mT];jpNuypahtpdJ murhl;rp Kiw ghuhSkd;w [dehafkhFk;. ehL vg;gb Msg;gLfpwJ vd;gjpy; midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; gq;fPLghL cz;L vd;gNj ,jd; fUj;jhFk;. NjHjy;fspy; jtwhJ thf;fspj;J> jhkidtiuAk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtw;nfd jkJ gpujpepjpfis mT];jpNuypaf; Fbkf;fs; NjHe;njLf;Fk; fhuzj;jpdhy; murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhuk; vd;gJ mT];jpNuypa kf;fsplkpUe;Nj tUfpwJ vd;gJ GydhFk;. ehl;il MStjw;fhd rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; kw;Wk; khw;Wk; mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Nf cz;L.

ghuhSkd;w [dehaf Kiwnahd;wpy;> jhk; vLf;Fk; KbTfSf;F> NjHjy;fspd; %ykhf> ghuhSkd;wj;jpYs;s kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; gjpyspj;jhf Ntz;Lk;.

rl;lj;jpd; Nkyhl;rp (The rule of law)mT];jpNuypahtpy; thOk; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fs; Kf;fpakhditahFk;. mikjpahd kw;Wk; xOq;fhd r%fj;jpidg; guhkupg;gjw;F rl;lk; vt;tsT ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gij mT];jpNuypaHfs; mwptH. mT];jpNuypahtpd; rl;lq;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; cupik midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; cz;L.

mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fSf;F midtUk; fPo;g;gba Ntz;Lk;. rl;lq;fSf;F mbgzpahNjhH fhty;Jiwapduhy; ifJ nra;ag;glyhk;> mj;Jld; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F ,tHfs; nry;y Ntz;ba NjitAk; Vw;glyhk;.


murpd; jPHkhdq;fs; my;yJ rl;lq;fis mikjpahd Kiwapy;

Ml;Nrgpf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; mT];jpNuypaUf;F cz;L

ekJ Rje;jpuq;fs;Ngr;Rupik kw;Wk; fUj;jspg;G cupikjhk; epidg;gijr; nrhy;yTk;> vOjTk; kw;Wk; jkJ fUj;Jf;fs; Fwpj;J kw;wtHfSld; fye;JiuahLtjw;Fkhd Rje;jpuj;ij Ngr;Rupik toq;FfpwJ. fiy> jpiug;glk;> ,ir kw;Wk; ,yf;fpak; %ykhfj; jk; fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; Rje;jpuj;jpidf; fUj;jspg;Gupik mspf;fpwJ.

ve;jj; jiyg;G Fwpj;Jk; ehk; vz;Ztijg; gw;wpj; jdpg;gl;l KiwapNyh my;yJ gfpuq;fkhfNth NgrTk;> vOJtjw;Fkhd cupik mT];jpNuypahtpy; ekf;Fs;sJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> kw;NwhUf;Fj; jPq;fpiof;f ,ayhJ.

ngha;f; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfisr; Rkj;jNth> rl;lj;ij kPWkhW kw;wtiu Cf;Ftpf;fNth my;yJ ,d;ndhUtuJ ew;ngaUf;Ff; fsq;fk; tpistpf;fNth xUtuhy; ,ayhJ. cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghd jfty;fspypUe;J xUtuJ ew;ngaiuf; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.

kw;wtuJ fyhr;rhuk;> ,dk; my;yJ gpd;Gyk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhuzkha;f; nfhz;L mtH kPJ ntWg;G Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpNyh my;yJ td;Kiw Vtg;gLk; tpjj;jpNyh nrayhw;WtJ rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;.

r%f my;yJ murpay; tplaq;fisg; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLk; nghUl;L nghJ my;yJ jdpaplq;fspy; kf;fis ehk; Rje;jpukha;r; re;jpf;fyhk;. murhq;fj;ij ehk; tpkHrpf;fyhk;> murpd; jPHkhdq;fis vjpHj;J mikjpahd topfspy; Ml;Nrgidia ntspg;gLj;jyhk; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fis khw;wf; Nfhupg; gpur;rhuk; nra;ayhk;.

VidNahuJ Ngr;R kw;Wk; fUj;Jiug;Gr; Rje;jpuj;ij ehk; kjpj;njhOf Ntz;baJk; fl;lhakhFk;.

nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; thndhyp Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; ,Nj Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

Xd;wpizAk; cupik (Freedom of association)murpay; fl;rp> njhopyhsH rq;fk;> rka> fyhrhu my;yJ r%ff; FOf;fs; Nghd;w rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l mikg;Gfs; vjpYk; mT];jpNuypaHfs; Rje;jpukhar; Nruyhk;. my;yJ Nruhky; ,Uf;fyhk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; nraYf;Nfh my;yJ xU mikg;gpw;Nfh vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;J mT];jpNuypaHfs; xd;W $lyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> vy;yhtpj vjpHg;GfSk; rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;ljha; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. vjpHg;Gj; njuptpg;gtHfs; mikjpiaf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;> kw;Wk; vtUf;Fk; fhak; Vw;gLj;jNth my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fSf;F Nrjk; tpistpf;fNth $lhJ vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.

rka Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; rka rhHgw;w muRmT];jpNuypah A+j-fpUj;jt ghuk;gupak; nfhz;l xU ehlhFk;. ngUk;ghd;ik mT];jpNuypaHfs; jk;ik fpUj;jtHfs; vd tHzpg;gH. ‘ngupa nts;sp’ ‘<];jH QhapW’ kw;Wk; ‘fpUj;Jk]; jpdk;’ Nghd;w fpUj;jt ehl;fs; nghJ tpLkiw ehl;fshFk;.

vdpDk;> mT];jpNuypa muR rka rhHgw;wJ. cj;jpNahfG+Ht Njrpa kjk; vJTk; fpilahJ vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.

rka nraw;ghLfs; mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis kPwhj kl;bYk;> jhk; tpUk;Gk; vk;kjj;ijAk; gpd;gw;Wk; Rje;jpuk; mT];jpNuypa kf;fSf;F cs;sJ. fpUj;Jt rkaj;Jld; ngsj;jk;> ,];yhk;> `pe;Jj;Jtk;> A+jk; kw;Wk; ,ju gy rkaq;fs; mT];jpNuypahtpy; Rje;jpukha;g; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

vr;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;whjpUf;Fk; cupikAk; mT];jpNuypaUf;F cz;L. kf;fsJ rkak; my;yJ ek;gpf;iffs; vJthapUg;gpDk;> muR midj;Jg; gpuirfisAk; rkkha; elj;JfpwJ.

rkaq;fsJ ,f;fyg;G mT];jpNuypahit xU fhj;jpuk; tha;e;j gy;fyhrhu r%fkhf;FfpwJ.

ngUk;ghd;ik rkaq;fs; jkf;Nf cupj;jhd tpjpKiwfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd> vdpDk; ,it mT];jpNuypar; rl;lq;fshfhJ. cjhuzkhf> gps;isg; nghWg;G kw;Wk; nrhj;Jg; gpuptpid Mfpait cs;slq;f> tpthfuj;J ngwg;gLk; Kiw mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fspd;gbNa eilngw Ntz;Lk;. ,r; rl;lq;fshy; ghJfhg;G nra;ag;gLk; cupik midj;J mT];jpNuypaUf;Fk; ,Uf;fpwJ. xNu Neuj;jpy; xd;wpw;;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tho;f;ifj;JiztHfisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghd;w rpy rka my;yJ fyhrhu nraw;ghLfs; mT];jpNuypa rl;lj;jpw;F KuzhdjhFk;.


MltUk;> kfspUk; ,uhZtk;> flw;gil kw;Wk; tpkhdg;

gilfspy; Nruyhk;

mT];jpNuypa kf;fs;; vr;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;

nfhz;ltHfs;

gy;fiyf; fofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W gbf;Fk; tha;g;G midj;J

mT];jpNuypaHfSf;Fk; cz;L

ekJ rkj;Jtk;

mT];jpNuypa rkj;Jtk;;ghy;> ,dk;> mq;ftPdk; my;yJ taJ fhuzkhf ahnuhUtUk; ghFgLj;jg;gl;L elj;jg;glhkypUg;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fs; gy mT];jpNuypahtpy; cs;sd.

Mz; - ngz; rkj;Jtk;MltH> ngz;bUf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; rk cupikAz;L. ghypdk; fhuzkhf xUtH Ntw;Wikg;gLj;jg;gLtJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;.

jpUkzk; Nghd;w nrhe;j tplaq;fspy; Rje;jpukhf KbntLf;Fk; cupik mT];jpNuypahtpy; MltUf;Fk; kfspUf;Fk; cz;L> kw;Wk; mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ td;KiwapypUe;J midtUf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gz;L.

fy;tp kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fspy; Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; rktha;g;G mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; thf;fspf;fyhk;> kw;Wk;; ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baplyhk;. mT];jpNuypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspYk;> fhty;JiwapYk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; Nruyhk;;. ePjpkd;wq;fspy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhf elhj;jg;gLtH.

midtUf;Fk; rk tha;g;Gr%fj;jpdupilNa Ngjf;$Wfs; ,Ug;gjpy; mT];jpNuypaHfSf;F ek;gpf;ifapy;iy. khwhf> xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ‘epahakhd tha;g;G’ (‘fair go’) mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd tpioAk; Ngjkw;w r%fj;jpy;jhd; ehk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;Nshk;. jkJ nrhj;J nry;tk; my;yJ gpd;Gyk; Mfpatw;wpw;fhf my;yhky;> jkJ fbd ciog;G kw;Wk; jpwikfs; Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhfNt xUtH gyDw Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,jd; mHj;jkhFk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xUtUf;F NtiyNah my;yJ gjtp caHNth mtuJ gpd;dzpapd; fhuzkhf md;wp> mtuJ jpwikfs;> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

tHj;jfk;> njhopy;tiffs;> fiyfs; nghJr;Nrit kw;Wk; tpisahl;Lfspy; jkJ mauhj ciog;G kw;Wk; jpwikfshy; Kd;dzpf;F te;Js;s Gjpjhf Fbte;NjhH Fwpj;j gy fijfs; mT];jpNuypahtpy; cz;L.


$l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjp kw;Wk; cs;SH efuitj;

NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspg;gjd; %yk; ekJ fUj;J vd;d vd;gij

ehk; ntspg;gLj;JfpNwhk;

mT];jpNuypag;

gpurhcupikahy;

fpl;Lk; rpwg;GupikfSk;

nghWg;GfSk;mT];jpNuypa epue;juf; Fb vDk; Kiwapy;> ePq;fs; Vw;fdNt Rje;jpukhd [dehaf r%fj;jpy; trpj;J tUfpd;wPh;fs;. XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahFk;NghJ cq;fSf;F Gjpa nghWg;Gf;fs; te;J NrUk;> gytpjkhd GJ ed;ikfSk; cq;fSf;Ff; fpl;Lk;.

nghWg;Gf;fs; - mT];jpNuypahtpw;F ePq;fs; toq;Ftnjd;d?XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy; ePq;fs; fl;lhakhf:

• rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbaNtz;Lk;

• $l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspYk;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfspYk; (referendum) thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;

• NjitnaOe;jhy; mT];jpNuypahitf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;

• miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ ‘[_up’ xd;wpy; mq;fj;jpduhfg; gzpahw;w Ntz;Lk;.

rpwg;Gupikfs; - mT];jpNuypah cq;fSf;F mspg;gnjd;d?XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy; cq;fSf;Ff; fPo;tUk; cupikfs; cz;L:

• $l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspYk;> thf;nfLg;GfspYk; thf;fspj;jy;

• mT];jpNuypa muR NritfspYk; my;yJ mT];jpNuypa ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspYk; Ntiyf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jy;

• ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baply;

• mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rPl;bw;F (passport) tpz;zg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; Rje;jpukhf kPz;Lk; mT];jpNuypahtpw;F tUjy;

• fly;fle;j ehnlhd;wpy; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ mT];jpNuypa mjpfhupfsplkpUe;J cjtp ngwy;

• fly;jhz;ba ehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfis re;jjp mbg;gilapyhd mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfshfg; gjpT nra;jy;.

nghWg;Gfs;rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbAq;fs;XOq;Fk;> Rje;jpuKk;> ghJfhg;Gk; cila r%fk; xd;iwg; guhkupj;J ekJ cupikfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L murhq;fj;jpYs;s ekJ gpujpepjpfshy; rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gLfpd;wd. mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhYk;> khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjpg; ghuhSkd;wq;fshYk; kw;Wk; cs;SH efuitfshYk; ,aw;wg;gLk; rl;lq;fis midj;J mT];jpNuypaHfSk; gpd;gw;wpnahOf Ntz;Lk;.

gFjp 3 - mT];jpNuypa muRk; rl;lKk; vDk; ghfj;jpy; mT];jpNuypahtpd; rpy Kf;fpa rl;lq;fs; Fwpj;j Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisf; fhzyhk;.

$l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspYk;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfspYk; thf;fspAq;fs;thf;fspg;gnjd;gJ midj;J mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfSf;Fk; cs;s Kf;fpakhd cupikAk; nghWg;Gk; MFk;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ek;ikg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtw;nfd ehk; tpUk;Gk; egHfis ehk; NjHe;njLf;fpNwhk;. ,g;gbr; nra;tjd; thapyhf> ekJ ehL Msg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Fk;> mT];jpNuypahtpd; vjpHfhyj;jpw;F ehk; gq;fspg;gjw;Fkhd fUj;ijj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

,e; ehl;bd; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> $l;luR> khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspy; ePq;fs; jtwhJ thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpy; (Australian Constitution) khw;wk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;nfd vg;nghOjhtJ elj;jg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfspYk; ePq;fs; thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;. gFjp 3 - mT];jpNuypa muRk; rl;lKk; vDk; ghfj;jpy; ‘mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk;’ gw;wpa Nkyjpfj; jfty;fisf; fhzyhk;.

18 kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taJila mT];jpNuypaHfs; jkJ ngaH kw;Wk; Kftupfis thf;fhsH gl;baypy; gjpf;f Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;. thf;fhsH gl;baypy; cq;fsJ ngaH xU Kiw NrHf;fg;gl;l gpwF 18 my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taJila midj;J mT];jpNuypa gpuirfSk; $l;luR kw;Wk; khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;fNtz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.

rpy khepyq;fspy; cs;SH efuitj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspj;jy; fl;lhaky;y.

NjitnaOe;jhy; mT];jpNuypahitf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;mT];jpNypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspy; Nrit Guptnjd;gJ xUtuJ tpUg;gj;ijg; nghWj;jJ vd;whYk;> NjitnaOk; Neuj;jpy; Njrj;ijAk; mjd; tho;T KiwiaAk; fhf;f cWjp G+z;L midj;J mT];jpNuypaUk; xd;wpiza Ntz;Lk;.


miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ ‘[_up rig’ xd;wpy; mq;fj;jpduhfg; gzpahw;w Ntz;Lk;[_up rigapy; gzpahw;WtJ 18 my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taJila midj;J mT];jpNuypa gpuirfSf;Fk; cs;s xU nghWg;ghFk;. ePjpkd;w tof;nfhd;wpy; rhl;rpaq;fisf; Nfl;L xUtH Fw;wthspah my;yJ epuguhjpah vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; rhjhuz mT];jpNuypa Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fisf; nfhz;l 'ePjpait’Na ‘[_up’ vd;wiof;fg;gLk;.

thf;fhsH Vl;by; gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ve;jnthU mT];jpNuypaUk; ‘[_up’ xd;wpy; gzpahw;w miof;fg;glyhk;.

ePjpkd;w Kiwfs; xspTkiwtw;wJk;> ghugl;rkw;wJkhFk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j ‘[_up’ Kiw cjTfpwJ.

rpwg;Gupikfs;mT];jpNuypa mur NritfspYk; my;yJ mT];jpNuypa ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspYk; Ntiyf;F tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;ePq;fs; xU mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahf ,Ue;jhy;> mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpw;fhf mT];jpNuypa murhq;f Nritapy;> cjhuzkhf> mT];jpNuypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfs;> nrd;l;lHypq;f; (Centrelink)> nkbnfaH (Medicare)> mT];jpNuypa tupt#ypg;G mYtyfk; (Australian Taxation Office) Nghd;w Nritfspy; Nru tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.

mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypag; ghJfhg;Gg; gilfspy; (,uhZtk;> flw;gil> tpkhdg; gil) Nru tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.

ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; Nghl;baplyhk;18 taJ my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; $l;luR> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjp kl;lj;jpy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduha;j; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl Nghl;baplyhk;. mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;w Nritnad;gJ xU nfsutkhFk;> mNjNtis ,J xU mjp Kf;fpakhd nghWg;GkhFk;.

mT];jpNuypa flTr;rPl;L xd;wpw;F tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;> mijg; gad;gLj;jp mT];jpNuypahtpw;Fs; kPz;Lk; tuyhk;mT];jpNuypag; gpuirahd gpwF mT];jpNuypahtpy; Rje;jpukhf thOk; cupikia ePq;fs; ngWfpwPHfs;.

mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rPl;L xd;wpw;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; cupikia ePq;fs; ngWfpwPHfs;. mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> Rje;jpukha; ntspehLfSf;Fr; nrd;W kPz;Lk; mT];jpNuypahtpw;F ePq;fs; tuyhk;. mT];jpNuypahtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp tu tprh vLf;f Ntz;ba Njit cq;fSf;fpy;iy.

fly;fle;j ehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ mq;Fs;s mT];jpNuypa Jhjuf mjpfhupfspd; cjtpia ehlyhk;mT];jpNuypaj; J}jufk;> cahp];jhdpfH my;yJ fd;];A+yH mYtyfk; gyehLfspy; cs;sd. may;ehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ Njitg;gLk; Ntisfspy; mjpfhup xUtupd; cjtpia ePq;fs; ehlyhk;.

cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;> ,aw;if mopTfs; Nghd;w neUf;fb epiyikfs; ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;. tpgj;J> jPtpukha; NehAw;w epiy my;yJ kuzk; Nghd;w epfo;Tfspy; neUf;fbNeuf; flTr;rPl;il toq;fp> mwpTiu MjuitAk; mjpfhupfshy; toq;f ,aYk;.

NtnwhU ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ> me;ehl;bd; rl;lq;fSf;F ePq;fs; fPo;g;glNtz;Lk;.

ntspehLfspy; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfis tk;rhtsp mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfsha;g; gjpT nra;ayhk;mT];jpNuypag; gpuiraha; ,Ug;NghUf;F mtHfs; ntspehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Foe;ijfs; gpwf;fyhk;. ,g;gbg; gpwe;j jkJ Foe;ijfis mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfshf ,tHfs; gjpayhk;. mT];jpNuypahtpy; gpwe;j Foe;ijfSf;Fupa mNj gpurhTupikf; flikfSk; cupikfSk; ,f;Foe;ijfSf;Fk; cz;L.

mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy;

gq;Nfw;wy;midj;J gpuirfisAk; mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdUld; ,ize;J thOkhW mT];jpNuypah Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpy; gq;Nfw;Fk; gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypa ehl;bw;Fg; gy topfspy; gq;fspg;G nra;fpd;wdH. maytH kw;Wk; cs;SH r%f mikg;Gf;fspy; ePq;fs; Nruyhk;. r%f Nritahw;wTk; ePq;fs; RatpUg;Gj; njhz;luhf Kd;tuyhk;. fiy my;yJ fyhrhu mikg;G xd;wpy; ePq;fs; ,izayhk;. murpay; tho;tpYk; ePq;fs; jPtpukha;g; gq;Nfw;fyhk;.

tupfisr; nrYj;Jtnjd;gJ mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdUf;F ePq;fs; Neubg; gq;fspg;ghw;Wk; ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa topahFk;. Ntiy %ykhfNth> tHj;jfk; my;yJ KjyPLfs; %ykhfNth ePq;fs; <l;Lk; gzj;jpypUe;J tup nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

mT];jpNuypaHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; gy trjpfs; tupg; gzj;jpd; %ykhfNt rhj;jpakhfpd;wd. tupg;gzk; nrytopf;fg;gLk; Nritfspy; cly;eyk;> fy;tp> ghJfhg;G> rhiyfs;;> ,uapy; ghijfs; kw;Wk; r%fg; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wit cs;slq;Fk;. Kf;fpakhd ,r;Nritfis mT];jpNuypa r%fj;jpdUf;F murhq;fk; mspg;gjw;F Ntiy nra;J tup nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; cq;fshy; cjt ,aYk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l Nritfspd; fhuzkhfNt> mikjpahd> nropg;ghd xU r%fkhf ,d;iwa mT];jpNuypah jpfo;fpwJ. khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp muRfSk; cs;SH muRfSk; NritfSf;nfd tup t#ypf;fpd;wd.

tup nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vd;gJ rl;lkhFk;. ‘mT];jpNuypa tupt#ypg;G mYtyfj;jpdhy; (ATO) tHj;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpegHfsplkpUe;J tup t#ypf;fg;gLfpwJ. tup rk;ge;jg;gl;l jkJ flikfisAk; cupikfisAk; rfy Fbkf;fSk; ed;F mwpe;J> rupahd tupiar; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ATO ftdkhapUf;fpwJ.

22 mT];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G






*‘flTs; kPJ’ (‘under God’) vd;w thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jyhkh my;yJ Ntz;lhkh vd;gJ xUtuJ nrhe;j tpUg;gkhFk;..

gFjp 3mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd;

rl;lq;fSk;


mT];jpNuypahtpd; muRk; rl;lKk;mT];jpNuypa murpd; rl;lq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp mtw;wpw;Ff; fPo;g;gbtjha; gpurhcupikr; rlq;fpd;NghJ ePq;fs; cWjpg;gpukhzk; vLg;gPHfs;. mT];jpNuypa murpd; mikg;G KiwiaAk;> ekJ ghuhSkd;w [dehafj;jpy; rl;lq;fs; vt;thW ,aw;wg;gl;L nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;. ,e;ehl;bd; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> ehL Ml;rp nra;ag;gLk; tpjj;jpy; cq;fsJ fUj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; cz;L vd;gij ePq;fs; njupe;J nfhs;sNtz;baJk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

vdJ fUj;jpid ehd;

ntspg;gLj;Jk; tpjk; vd;d?thf;fspg;GmT];jpNuypahtpy;> 18 my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taJilNahH $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspg;gjw;nfd thf;fhsH gl;baypy; jk; ngaiug; gjpT nra;aNtz;baJ fl;lhakhdjhFk;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; cq;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;JtJ ahH vd;gJ Fwpj;j cq;fsJ fUj;ij cq;fsJ thf;fpd; %ykhf ePq;fs; njuptpg;gPHfs;. rupahd Kiwapy; cq;fsJ ngaH gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fhtpl;lhy; cq;fshy; NjHjypy; thf;fspf;f ,ayhJ.

thf;fhsH gl;baypy; cq;fsJ ngaH xU Kiw gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> mT];jpNuypaf; $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspYk;> khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpj; NjHjy;fspYk; thf;fspg;gJ fl;lhakhFk;. NjHjy; xd;wpy; ePq;fs; thf;fspf;fhtpbd;> mj;Jld; thf;fspf;fhjjw;Fj; jf;f fhuzKk; ,y;yhtpbd; mguhjk; xd;iw ePq;fs; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. ngUk;ghd;ik kf;fshy; tpUk;gg;gLgtHfs;jhd; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH vd;gij cWjpnra;Ak; xU topNa fl;lha thf;fspg;G KiwahFk;.

‘mT];jpNuypaj; NjHjy; Mizak;’ (Australian Electoral Commission (AEC)) vd;gJ xU nghJey muR KftH epiyakhFk;. ,J $l;luRj; NjHjy;fisAk;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;GfisAk; elhj;JtNjhL nghJey muR thf;fhsH gl;baiyAk; guhkupf;fpwJ. thf;fhsHfSf;F epahakhdJk;> NeHikahdJkhd NjHjy;fis toq;f AEC cjTfpwJ. AEC muR rhuhj jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpu mikg;ghFk;. AEC –apd; jPHkhdq;fspd; kPJ murpay; fl;rpfNsh my;yJ Ml;rpapy; cs;stHfNsh nry;thf;F nrYj;j ,ayhJ. thf;fspg;G KiwahdJ ,ufrpakhdJ> vdNt vt;Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; Rje;jpukhfTk;> ghJfhg;ghfTk; ePq;fs; thf;fspf;fyhk;. ePq;fs; ahUf;F thf;fspf;fpwPHfs; vd;gij ahUk; ghHf;f ,ayhJ. ahUf;F thf;fspf;fpwPHfs; vd;gij ePq;fs; kw;wtUf;Fr; nrhy;yyhk;> Mdhy; ,ijr; nrhy;Yk;gb cq;fis ahUk; fl;lhag;gLj;j ,ayhJ.

cq;fsJ gpujpepjpfsplk;

gpur;rpidfis vOg;GtJNjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujpepjpfsplk; cq;fSf;F fuprid cs;s gpur;rpidfis vOg;Gk; cupik mT];jpNuypahtpy; cq;fSf;F cz;L. Gjpa rl;lq;fisNah my;yJ elg;gpYs;s rl;lq;fis khw;WtijNah ghuhSkd;wk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sk;NghJ cq;fsJ fUj;JfSk; ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;glyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> FbtuT tpjpKiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;j Nahrid vijAk; ePq;fs; njuptpf;f tpUk;gpdhy;> cq;fsJ cs;SH ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdUld; mJgw;wpf; fye;Jiuahl ePq;fs; re;jpg;G Neuj;ij Vw;ghL nra;ayhk;. cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis tpsf;fp fbjk; xd;iwAk; ePq;fs; vOjyhk;.

,t;tpjj;jpy;> murhq;fj;jpd; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;if Kiwfs; ,aw;wg;gLk; tpjj;jpy; rhjhuz

mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfSk; jk; fUj;jpidj; njuptpf;fyhk;.

ekJ ehlhSk; Kiw

epWtg;gl;lJ vg;gb?$l;luR1901-f;Fk; Kd;ghf> Rahl;rp Kiwiaf; nfhz;l MW ntt;NtW gpupl;b\; FbNaw;wq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf mT];jpNuypah ,Ue;jJ.

jj;jkJ vy;iyf;Fs;shf> xt;nthU FbNaw;wKk; jdf;Nf cupj;jhd murpay; rhrdj;ijAk;> ghJfhg;G> FbtuT> jghy;> tzpfk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Fwpj;J jdf;Nf cupj;jhd rl;lq;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

gy fhuzq;fis Kd;dpl;L midj;Jf; FbNaw;wq;fisAk; xd;wpizj;J mT];jpNuypa Njrk; xd;iw cUthf;f kf;fs; tpUk;gpdH. FbNaw;wq;fSf;F ,ilNaahd tzpfk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Mfpatw;wpw;F mjpf gzr; nryTk;> fhyKk; gpbj;jJ. xU vy;iyf;fg;ghy; rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ fbdkhdjha; ,Ue;jJ. jdpj;jdpf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; ghJfhg;G KiwfspYk; gytPdq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. mjp Kf;fpakhf> mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa milahsk; xd;W cUntLf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;bUe;jJ. rHtNjr mstpy; mT];jpNuypa tpisahl;L mzpfs; gq;Fnfhs;sj; Jtq;fpd. gpugykhd ghly;fs;> ftpijfs;> fijfs; kw;Wk; fiyfspy; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j mT];jpNuypaf; fyhrhuk; xd;W tbntLf;fj; Jtq;fpapUe;jJ.

Njrj;ij xd;WgLj;JtJ fbdkhd gzpahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> rw;W fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF xNu mT];jpNuypa Njrk; vDk; vz;zk; edthfpaJ. Gul;rp kw;Wk; ,uj;jg;ngUf;F %ykhf my;yhky; Ngr;RthHj;ij kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G %ykhf jkJ Njrk; cUthdJ Fwpj;J mT];jpNuypaHfs; ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpd;wdH.

1901-Mk; Mz;L [dtup 1 ,y; ‘mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR’ (The Commonwealth of Australia) vd miof;fg;gLk; $l;luR ehlhf ,f;FbNaw;wq;fs; xd;WgLj;jg;gl;ld.


mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk;1900-Mk; Mz;bd; mT];jpNuypag; nghJ ey murpd; murpay; rhrdk; vd;gJ mT];jpNuypa murpd; mbg;gil tpjpKiwfisf; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lk; rl;lG+Htkhd MtzkhFk;. Kd;djhfNt> ‘mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk;’ vd;gJ 1900 - ,y; gpupl;b\; ghuhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf epiwNtw;wg;gl;bUe;jJ. 1901-Mk; Mz;L [dtup 1 Mk; Njjp md;W ,e;j murpay; rl;lk; eilKiwf;F te;j NghJ mT];jpNuypaf; FbNaw;wq;fs; midj;Jk; ,ize;J ‘mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR’ vd miof;fg;gLk; xNu Rje;jpu ehlhf khwpaJ.

‘gpujpepjpfs; rig’> ‘nrdl;’ Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;l ‘mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR ghuhSkd;wj;ij mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpjk; nra;jJ. mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jTk;> ,r; rl;lq;fsJ mHj;jj;jpid vLj;Jiuf;fTk; mjpfhuk; gilj;j ‘mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;ijAk; ,e;j murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpj;jJ.

‘fUj;Jf;fzpg;G’ vd miof;fg;gLk; rpwg;G thf;nfLg;G %yk; kl;LNk mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;j ,aYk;.

mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;jNtz;Lnkdpy;> fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpy; ,ul;ilg; ngUk;ghd;ik MjuT ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ngUk;ghd;ik khepyq;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ik thf;fhsHfSk;> KO Njrj;jpYk; ngUk;ghd;ik thf;fhsHfSk; khw;wj;jpw;F Mjuthf thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.

murhq;fj;jpd;

mjpfhuk; vt;thW

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ?murpay; rhrdkhdJ murhq;fj;jpd; %d;W mq;fq;;fspilNa mjpfhuj;jpidg; gfpHe;jspf;fpwJ. mT];jpNuypahit MSk; mjpfhuj;ij xU egNuh my;yJ xU FOitr; rhHe;j egHfNsh ifg;gw;Wtijj; jLg;gjw;Nf ,k;Kiw Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rl;l ,aw;wYf;fhd mjpfhuk; rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjw;fhd kw;Wk; khw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ifapy; cs;sJ. mT];jpNuypa kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk; gpujpepjpfs; ghuhSkd;wj;ij mikf;Fk; mq;fj;jpduhtH.

rl;l eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;fhd mjpfhuk; rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;> ‘epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;’ (Executive Power) vdg;gLfpwJ. murhq;f mikr;rHfs; kw;Wk; ftHdH-n[duy; MfpNahH ‘vf;]pf;A+bt;’ (Executive) - ,y; cs;slq;FtH. Xd;W my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jpizf;fsq;fSf;F xt;nthU mikr;rUk; nghWg;ghapUg;ghH.

ePjpkd;w mjpfhuk; rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;jpid vLj;Jiuj;J rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; ePjpgjpfsplk; cs;sJ. ghuhSkd;wk;> murhq;fk; Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;L> ePjpgjpfs; Rje;jpukhfj; jdpj;jpaq;FtH.

,e;j mjpfhuq;fs; midj;Jk; murpay; rhrdj;jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.

mT];jpNuypa ehl;bd;

jiytH ahH?mT];jpNuypa ehl;bd; jiytH> mT];jpNuypa murpahd caHkpF ,uz;lhk; vyp]ngj; murpahthH.

mT];jpNuypahtpy;> murhq;fj;jpd; md;whlg; gzpfspy; murpahUf;F gq;F fpilahJ. mT];jpNuypag; gpujkupd; mwpTiuapd;gb> murpahH jdJ gpujpepjpahf ftHdH-n[duiy (Governor-General) epakpg;ghH. ftHdH-n[duy; midj;J murpay; fl;rpfspypUe;Jk; jdpg;gl;L Rje;jpukha;r; nraw;gLthH.

xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; ftHdH-n[duiyg; Nghy; nrayhw;Wk; MSeH (Governor) xUtiu jdJ gpujpepjpahf murpahH epakdk; nra;thH.

murpay; rhrdg;gbahd Kbahl;rpmT];jpNuypah murpay; rhrdg;gbahd xU Kbahl;rpahFk;. murpay; rhrdg;gbahd Kbahl;rpapy; murNuh my;yJ murpahNuh murpay; rhrdj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpnahOFk; ehl;bd; jiyikajpfhupahf ,Ug;ghH.

gy E}w;whz;Lfsha; tsHr;rpaile;J te;Js;s gpupl;b\; Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; mT];jpNuypahtpd; ghuhSkd;w [dehaf KiwahdJ epWtg;gl;lJ. mT];jpNuypa Kiwapy;> mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd; jiytH gpujkuhthH.

mT];jpNuypahtpd; murpay; rhrdk;


ftHdH-n[duypd; gzpftHdH-n[duy;:

• mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l midj;J kNrhjhf;fisAk; ifr;rhj;jpl;L rl;lkhf;FthH ‘,uhrhq;f MNkhjpg;G’ (Royal Assent) vd ,J miof;fg;gLk;)

• xOq;F tpjpKiwfspy; ifr;rhj;jpLthH

• rk;gpujhar; rlq;Fg; gzpfis epiwNtw;WthH

• mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;> mjd; ke;jpupfs;> $l;luR ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ju mjpfhupfs; MfpNahuJ epakdj;jpw;F MNkhjpg;G toq;FthH.

Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyfspy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;glf;$ba ‘,Ug;G mjpfhuq;fisAk;’ (reserve powers) ftHdH-n[duy; nfhz;bUg;ghH.

mT];jpNuypaj;

jiytHfspy; rpyH?ehl;bd; jiytH mT];jpNuypa murpahH

ftHdH-n[duy; mT];jpNuypa ehl;Lj; jiyikajpfhupapd; gpujpepjp

MSeH Xt;nthU mT];jpNuypa khepyj;jpYk; cs;s ehl;Lj; jiyikajpfhupapd; gpujpepjp

gpujkH mT];jpNuypa murpd; jiytH

Kjy;tH khepy murpd; jiytH

Kjy; mikr;rH vy;iyg;gFjp murpd; jiytH

murhq;f mikr;rH murpd; xU gFjpf;Fg; nghWg;gha; ,Ug;gjw;nfd murhq;fj; jiytuhy; njupTnra;ag;gl;l ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH (MP)mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;fhf mT];jpNuypa kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjp

nrdl;lH mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;nfdj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l xU khepy my;yJ vyiyg;gFjpapd; gpujpepjp

efugpjh my;yJ \aH jiytH cs;SH efuitapd; jiytH

fTd;rpyH cs;SH efuitf;nfd NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdH

1927-Mk; Mz;L jpwf;fg;gl;l fd;guhtpd; gioa ghuhSkd;wf;

fl;blk;

1988 Mk; Mz;L fd;guhtpy; Gjpa ghuhSkd;wf; fl;blk;

jpwf;fg;gl;lJ

mT];jpNuypa ehL

Msg;gLk; KiwmT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;mT];jpNuypa murhq;fkhdJ $l;luR my;yJ nghJey muR vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wk; ,U rigfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;:

• gpujpepjpfs; rig

• nrdl;.

,e;j ,uz;L rigfSf;Fkhd cWg;gpdHfs; $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspy; mT];jpNuypa kf;fshy; Neubahfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. $l;luRj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;Fk;NghJ nghJthf xt;nthU

rigf;Fkhd gpujpepjpfis ePq;fs; NjHe;njLg;gPHfs;.


gpujpepjpfs; rig

nrdl;

gpujpepjpfs; rigrpy Ntisfspy; gpujpepjpfs; rigahdJ ‘fPo; rig’ my;yJ ‘kf;fs; rig’ vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

mT];jpNuypahthdJ $l;luRj; njhFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; jk;ikg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU njhFjp mT];jpNuypa kf;fSk; xU egiu mj;njhFjpapypUe;J NjHe;njLg;gH. ,g;gpujpepjp ‘ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH (MP) vd miof;fg;gLthH.

xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk;> vy;iyg;gFjpf;Fk; cupj;jhd ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduJ vz;zpf;if me;j khepyk; my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpapd; kf;fs; njhifiag; nghWj;J mikAk;. mT];jpNuypa kf;fs; nkhj;jk; 150 cWg;gpdHfis gpujpepjpfs; rigf;Fj;; njupT nra;tH.

Gjpa rl;lq;fSf;fhd my;yJ rl;l khw;wy;fSf;fhd Kd;nkhopTfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;tJk;> mtw;iwg;gw;wp tpthjpg;gJk;> ,e;j Kd;nkhopTfs; kPJ thf;fspg;gJk; gpujpepjpfs; rigapd; Kf;fpa gzpahFk;. Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; gpujpepjpfs; rigapd; mq;fj;jpdHfs; fye;JiuahLtH.

nrdl;‘nrdl;’ rigia ‘Nky; rig’> ‘kPsha;T rig’ my;yJ ‘khepy rig’ vdTk; rpy Ntisfspy; miog;gH.

khepyq;fspd; kf;fs;njhif vJthapUg;gpDk;> nrdl; rigapy; xt;nthU khepyj;jpd; rhHghfTk; rkkhd vz;zpf;ifAs;s cWg;gpdHfs; ,Ug;gH. Xt;nthU khepyj;jpypUe;Jk; 12 gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. ngUepyg;gFjpapYs;s ,U vy;iyg;gFjpfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; ,uz;L gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH. nkhj;jj;jpy;> 76 gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH> ,tHfs; ‘nrdl;lHfs;’ vd miof;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.

GJ rl;lq;fs; my;yJ rl;l khw;wq;fis nrdl;lHfSk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> tpthjpj;J ,tw;wpd; kPJ thf;nfLg;Gk; elj;JtH. Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; nrdl;lHfs; fye;JiuahLtH.

khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp murhq;fk;mT];jpNuypahtpy; MW khepyq;fSk;> ,U ngUepy vy;iyg;gFjpfSk; cs;sd. xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Nf cupj;jhd murpay; rl;lKk;> ghuhSkd;wKk; cz;L. khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp murhq;fq;fs; mtw;wpd; jiyefHfspy; mike;Js;sd.

khepy murpd; jiytH ‘Kjy;tH’ vd miof;fg;gLthH> vy;iyg;gFjp murpd; jiytH ‘Kjy; ke;jpup’ vdg;gLthH.

khepy muRfSk; mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;ijg; NghyNt ,aq;Ffpd;wd. xt;nthU khepyj;jpYk; mT];jpNuypa murpahiur; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; MSeH xUtH ,Ug;ghH. tl vy;iyg;gFjpf;nfd ‘epHthfp’ (Administrator) xUtH ftHdH-n[duyhy; epakpf;fg;gLthH. ‘epHthfp’apd; gzpAk; nghWg;GfSk; khepy MSdUf;Fs;s gzp kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfis xj;jpUf;Fk;.

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpy; cs;sJ NghyNt> jkJ gFjpapypUe;J gpujpepjp xUtiuj; NjHe;njLg;gjw;nfd mg;gFjp kf;fs; thf;fspg;gH. ,g;gpujpepjpfs; me;j khepy my;yJ vy;iyg;gFjpg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfshtH.

cs;Suhl;rpkhepyq;fSk;> tl vy;iyg;gFjpAk; cs;Suhl;rpg; gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ngUefHfs;> \aHfs;> efHfs; my;yJ efurigfs; vd miof;fg;glyhk;. xt;nthU gFjpf;Fk; mjw;F nrhe;jkhd cs;SH efurig cz;L. cs;SH thrpfSf;fhd Nritfisj; jpl;lkpl;L toq;fNtz;baJ efurigfspd; nghWg;ghFk;. xt;nthU cs;SH muRg; gFjpg; gpuirfSk; jkJ cs;SH efurig cWg;gpdHfisj; NjHe;njLf;f thf;fspg;gH.


Njrpag; nghUshjhuj;ij epHtfpg;gJ mT];jpNuypa murpd;

nghWg;ghFk;

kUj;JtkidfSf;F khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp muRfs;

nghWg;ghFk;

tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fSf;F cs;éH muRfs; nghWg;ghFk;

murhq;fj;jpd; ,e;j %d;W

kl;lq;fspd; gzp vd;d?fPo; tUtdtw;wpw;F mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; nghWg;ghFk;:

• tupapWg;G

• Njrpa nghUshjhu epHthfk;

• FbtuT kw;Wk; gpurhcupik

• Ntiy

• mQ;ry; Nritfs; kw;Wk; jfty;njhlHG mikg;GKiwfs;

• r%fg; ghJfhg;G (Xa;T+jpaq;fs; kw;Wk; FLk;g cjtp)

• ghJfhg;G

• tzpfk;

• tpkhdepiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; thd;gazg; ghJfhg;G

• ntspehl;L tptfhuq;fs; (,ju ehLfSldhd cwTfs;).

khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp muRfs; fPo;tUtdtw;wpw;Fg; nghWg;ghFk;:

• kUj;Jtkidfs;> cly;ey Nritfs;

• ghlrhiyfs;

• ,uapy; ghijfs;

• rhiyfs;> rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghL

• tdtpay;

• fhty;Jiw

• nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J.

fPo;tUk; Nritfs; cs;SH muRfspd; nghWg;ghFk;:

• njUf; FwpaPLfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;

• cs;SH rhiyfs;> eilghijfs;> ghyq;fs;

• fopTePHf; fhy;tha;fs;

• G+q;fhf;fs;> tpisahl;Likjhdq;fs;> ePr;ry; jlhfq;fs;> tpisahl;L ntspfs;

• Kfhkpl;Lj; jq;Fk; gFjpfs; kw;Wk; fwtd; (caravan) jupg;gplq;fs;

• czT kw;wk; ,iwr;rp gupNrhjid

• rg;jk; kw;wk; tpyq;Ff; fl;Lg;ghL

• Fg;igf;$sk; jpul;ly;

• cs;SH E}yfq;fs;> kd;wq;fs;> r%f ikaq;fs;

• Fwpg;gpl;l Foe;ij-ftdpg;G kw;Wk; %j;NjhH-ftdpg;G tplaq;fs;

• fl;bl mDkjpfs;

• r%fj; jpl;lkply;

• cs;SH Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;rpidfs;.

murpd; ntt;NtW kl;lq;fshy; rpy nghWg;Gfs; gfpHe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. murhq;fj;jpd; ntt;NtW kl;lq;fspilNa xj;Jiog;ig Cf;Ftpg;gjw;nfd ‘mT];jpNuypa muRf;FO’ (The Council of Australian Government) (COAG)) vDk; mikg;G cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


mT];jpNuypah Msg;gLk;

Kiwapy; murpay; fl;rpfsJ

gq;F vd;d?ehL vg;gb Msg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp xUkpj;j fUj;Jfisf; nfhz;l kf;fsJ FONt murpay; fl;rp vd miof;fg;gLk;. jkJ fl;rpapd; fUj;Jf;fis rl;lq;fshf khw;Wtij Nehf;fkha;f; nfhz;L ,tHfs; xd;W Nru;e;J gzpahw;WtH. mT];jpNuypa njhopyhsH fl;rp> mT];jpNuypa ypguy; fl;rp> Njrpa fl;rp kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypa gRikf; fl;rp Mfpait mT];jpNuypahtpd; gpujhd murpay; fl;rpfshFk;.

ngUk;ghd;ikahd ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; murpay; fl;rpfisr; rhHe;jtHfshtH. rpy ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; ve;j fl;rpiaAk; rhuhjtHfs;. ,tHfs; ‘RNal;irahsHfs;’ (Independents) vdg;gLtH.

ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;> murpay; fl;rp xd;wpy; NrUk; cupik cq;fSf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; cz;L.

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk;

vt;thW mikf;fg;gLfpwJ?NjHjYf;Fg; gpwF> gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l fl;rp my;yJ fl;rpfspd; $l;lzp mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;ij mikf;Fk;. ,f;fl;rpapd; jiytNu mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd; jiytuhthH> mjhtJ gpujkuhthH.

gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ,uz;lhtjhf mjpf vz;zpf;ifAs;s cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l fl;rp my;yJ fl;rpfspd; $l;lzp ‘vjpHf;fl;rp’ (the Opposition) vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,jd; jiytH ‘vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytH’ vd miof;fg;gLthH.

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; my;yJ nrdl;lHfspypUe;J ke;jpupfis gpujkH NjHe;njLg;ghH. Ntiytha;g;G> G+HtPff;FbapdH tptfhuq;fs; my;yJ fUT+yk; Nghd;w murpd; Kf;fpakhd gFjpfSf;F (,it ,yhfhf;fs; my;yJ Jiwfs; vd miof;fg;gLk;) ke;jpupfs; nghWg;Ngw;gH. mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd jPHkhdk; vLf;Fk; mikg;ghfpa ‘mikr;ruit’apy; (Cabinet) mjpKf;fpa ,yhfhf;fsJ ke;jpupfs; mq;fk; tfpg;gh;.

rl;lq;fs; vt;thW

,aw;wg;gLfpd;wd?;

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH xUtH Gjpa rl;lk; my;yJ rl;l khw;wj;jpid Kd;nkhopthH. ,e;j Kd;nkhopT kNrhjh vd miof;fg;gLk;.

,k;kNrhjhtpy; jkf;F rk;kjkh vd;gij gpujpepjpfs; rigAk;> nrdl;Lk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> ,ij tpthjpj;J ,jd; kPJ thf;nfLg;G elj;Jk;.

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; xt;nthU rigapYk; cs;s ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfs; ,k;kNrhjhit Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy;> kNrhjh ftHdH-n[duypd; ghHitf;Fr; nry;Yk;.

kNrhjhtpy; ftHdH-n[duy; ifr;rhj;jpLk;NghJ> mJ rl;lkhFk;. ,J ‘,uhrhq;f MNkhjpg;G’ (Royal Assent) vd;wiof;fg;gLk;.

,Nj Nghd;w Kiwapy; khepy> vy;iyg;gFjp muRfs; jkJ rl;lq;fis epiwNtw;Wk;.

rl;lq;fs; vg;gb

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd?ePjpkd;wq;fs;rl;lj;jpd; mHj;jq;fis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;JtJk; mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s ePjpkd;wq;fspd; nghWg;ghFk;. ,it murhq;fj;ijr; rhuhky; Rje;jpukhfj; jdpj;jpaq;Fk;. rl;lj;ij xUtH kPwpapUf;fpwhuh ,y;iyah vd;gijAk;> mjw;fhd jz;lidiaAk; ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G nra;Ak;. ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jk; rhHghf thjpl rl;ljuzp xUtiu itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupik xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. jk; Kd;ghf itf;fg;gl;l rhl;rpaq;fis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;Nl ePjpkd;wq;fshy; jPHg;gspf;f ,aYk;.

ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; eLtHfs;ePjpgjp my;yJ Fw;wtpay; eLtNu ePjpkd;wj;jpy; caH mjpfhuk; gilj;jtuhthH. ePjpgjpfSk; Fw;wtpay; eLtHfSk; Rje;jpukhfj; jdpj;jpaq;FgtHfshtH mj;Jld; vd;d jPHg;G vLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ahUk; ,tHfSf;Fr; nrhy;y ,ayhJ.

ePjpgjpfSk;> Fw;wtpay; eLtHfSk; murpdhy; epakpf;fg;gLtH> Mdhy; ,tHfsJ jPHg;gpy; murhq;fj;Jf;Fr; rk;kjk; ,y;iynad;why; ,tHfsJ gjtpfis murhq;fj;jhy; gwpf;f ,ayhJ.

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; jk;ikr; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;nfd mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; cWg;gpdHfisj; NjHe;njLg;gH.

Njr eyid Kd;dpl;L mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wk; rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wk; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk;.

mT];jpNuypa cr;r ePjpkd;wk;


gpw ehLfspy; cs;sJ NghyNt> kw;nwUtH kPJ nrYj;jg;gLk; td;Kiw> mT];jpNuypahtpYk; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdJk; xU ngUq;Fw;wKkhFk;. ,;y;yj;jpYk;> kz cwTf;Fs;Sk; ,lk;ngWk; ‘FLk;g td;Kiw’ vdg;gLk; td;Kiwia ,J cs;slf;Fk;. cly;rhHe;j> ghypay;rhHe;j my;yJ csk;rhHe;j J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ jPr;nray;> fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghYwTfs;> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gly; my;yJ nghUshjhug; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLj;jy; Mfpad FLk;g td;Kiwapy; mlq;Fk;.

fj;jpfs; my;yJ Jg;ghf;fpfs; Nghd;w MAjq;fis vLj;Jr;nry;tJ mT];jpNuypahtpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhFk;. Jg;ghf;fpia itj;jpUf;f tpUk;Gk; vtUk;> cjhuzkhf> tptrhag; gz;izapy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> fhty;JiwapduplkpUe;J Jg;ghf;fp itj;jpUg;gjw;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;ijf; fl;lhak; ngw;whf Ntz;Lk;.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; Fw;wq;fs;rhiy kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpfs; khepy kw;Wk; vy;iyg;gFjp muRfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Nghf;Ftuj;J rl;lq;fis kPWNthUf;F ngUk; njhifapy; mguhjq;fs; tpjpf;fg;glyhk;> my;yJ ,tHfs; rpiwf;Fk; mDg;gg;glyhk;. mT];jpNuypahtpy; Nkhl;lhH fhH xd;iw Xl;Ltjw;F mjw;fhd cs;SH Xl;LeH mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; xd;iw ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;> kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhH fhH fl;lhakhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ljha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fhupy; gazpf;Fk; xt;nthUtUk; ,Uf;ifthH xd;iw mzpaNtz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;. Foe;ijfs; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;fhd fhH ,Uf;ifapy; mkHj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. kJ mUe;jpa gpwF my;yJ NghijkUe;J cl;nfhz;l gpwF fhiu Xl;Ljy;> msTf;fjpfkhd Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yjy; vd;gd rk;ge;jg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;J rl;lq;fs; fLikahdit. ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpapy; Ngrpf;nfhz;L thfdj;ijr; nrYj;JtJk; rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;.

Kbtpy;mikjpAk;> ];jpuKk; nfhz;lnjhU rKjhaj;ij ekJ [dehaf mikg;GKiwfs; cUthf;fpAs;sd. gfpHe;Jnfhs;tjw;nfd ek;kplk; jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j> nropg;ghd fyhrhuk; xd;Wz;L. XH mT];jpNuypag; gpuir vDk; Kiwapy;> ekJ Njrj;jpd; fijapy; ePq;fs; xU mq;fkhfp> ekJ vjpHfhyj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;ghw;WtPHfs;. mT];jpNuypah cq;fis tuNtw;fpwJ. FbAupik vkJ nghJg; gpizg;ghFk;.

gpurhcupikg; guPl;irf;F Maj;jkhFk; tifapy;> 34 kw;Wk; 35-Mk; gf;fq;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;s gapw;rpg; guPl;ir tpdhf;fisr; nra;Aq;fs;.

[_upfs;rl;lj;ij xUtH kPwpapUf;fpwhuh vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;f rpy jUzq;fspy; [_up xd;iw ePjpkd;wk; gad;gLj;Jk;.

nghJkf;fspilNaapUe;J mq;nfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkha;j; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk; rhjhuz kf;fisf; nfhz;l FONt [_up vdg;gLk;. rl;lk; vd;d vd;gij [_upf;F ePjpgjp tpsf;FthH. Fw;w tof;F xd;wpy;> xUtH Fw;wthsp vd;W [_up KbT nra;jhy;> jz;lid vd;d vd;W ePjpgjp jPHkhdpg;ghH.

rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> Fw;wthsp vd;W ePjpkd;wk; jPHkhdpf;Fk; tiuapYk;> mT];jpNuypaHfs; epuguhjp vd;Nw fUjg;gLtH.

fhty;JiwapdHr%fj;jpdupilNa mikjpiaAk;> xOq;ifAk; fhty;Jiw guhkupf;fpwJ. capiuAk;> nrhj;ijAk; fhg;gJ mtHfsJ gzpahFk;. ,tHfs; murhq;fj;ijr; rhuhky; jdpj;J ,aq;FgtHfshtH. xUtH rl;lj;ij kPwpapUg;gjhf fhty;JiwapdH epidj;jhy;> mtHfisf; ifJ nra;J ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd; epWj;j ,tHfshy; ,aYk;. fhty;JiwapdH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rhl;rpaspf;fyhk;> Mdhy; xUtH Fw;wk; Gupe;jtuh ,y;iyah vd;gij ePjpkd;wNk jPHkhdpf;Fk;.

khepyq;fSk;> tl vy;iyg;gFjpAk; jj;jkJ fhty;Jiwg; gilfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. khepy> vy;iyg;gFjpr; rl;lq;fspd; fPo; ,tHfs; Fw;wr;nray;fisf; ifahs;tH.

‘mT];jpNuypa /ngluy; nghyp];’ vdg;gLk; Njrpaf; fhty;Jiwg; gil xd;Wk; mT];jpNuypahtpy; cs;sJ. $l;luRr; rl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fis> cjhuzkhf> Nghijg;nghUs; flj;jy;> Njrpag; ghJfhg;Gf;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;nray;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oYf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs; Mfpatw;iw mT];jpNuypa /ngluy; nghyp]; tprhupf;Fk;. mT];jpNuypaj; jiyefu vy;iyg;gFjpapy; nghJthd fhty;Jiwg; gzpfSf;Fk; mT];jpNuypa /ngluy; nghyp]; nghWg;ghFk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpy; fhty;JiwapdUk; nghJkf;fSk; RKfkhd ey;YwT nfhz;Ls;sdH. Fw;wr;nray;fs; Fwpj;J cs;SH fhty;JiwapdUf;Fg; GfhH nra;J mtHfsJ cjtpia ePq;fs; ehlyhk;.

mT];jpNuypa rl;lq;fis ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;> Vnddpy;> rl;lk; vd;dntd;W njupatpy;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhf rl;lj;ij kPw ,ayhJ.

Nghyp]; mjpfhup xUtUf;F yQ;rk; nfhLg;gJ ngUk; Fw;wkhFk;. Nghyp]; mjpfhup xUtUf;F yQ;rk; nfhLf;f KidtJ $l Fw;wkhFk;.

mT];jpNuypahtpy; Fw;wr;nray;fsha;f;; fUjg;gLgitnfhiy> jhf;Fjy;> ghypay; jhf;Fjy;> kf;fs; kPNjh> nrhj;Jf;fspd; kPNjh nrYj;jg;gLk; td;Kiw> MAjk; jhq;fpg; Gupag;gLk; nfhs;is my;yJ fsT> Foe;ijfs; my;yJ rl;lg;gbahd ,zf;f taJf;Fk; fPo;g;gl;l ,isa tajpdUld; ghypay; cwT nfhs;sy;> Nkhl;lhH thfdk; xd;iw Mgj;J tpistpf;Fk; tifapy; Xl;Ljy;> rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd Nghij t];Jf;fis itj;jpUj;jy; my;yJ gad;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nkhrb Ntiyfs; Nghd;wit ngUk; Fw;wr;nray;fspy; rpythFk;.

Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond 30

‘guPl;rpf;fg;glf; $Lkhd gFjp’f;fhd nrhy; ml;ltiz

mT];jpNuypa murhq;f Nrit

murhq;fj; jpizf;fsq;fSk; mtw;why; Ntiyf;F mkHj;jg;gLNthUk;

mT];jpNuypa murpd; nghJr; Nritapy; nrd;l;lHypq;f; mjpfhupahf NghYf;F Ntiy fpilj;Js;sJ.

cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk;

nghJthf murhq;fj;jpd; KbTfs; my;yJ nfhs;iffs; Mfpatw;iw vjpHj;J ngUk; kf;fs; jpus;fshy;

elj;jg;gLk; MHg;ghl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fytuq;fs;

kf;fs; tpUk;ghj rl;lq;fis murhq;fk; epiwNtw;wpaNghJ cs;ehl;Lf; fytuk; Vw;gl;lJ.

$l;lzp

nghJthf murhq;fj;ij my;yJ vjpHf;fl;rpia mikg;gjw;nfd ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l murpay;

fl;rpfs; xd;wha;r; NrHtJ

NjHjYf;Fg; gpwF> gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ve;jf; fl;rpf;Fk; ngUk;ghd;ikg; gyk; fpilf;ftpy;iy> vdNt

xUkpj;j fUj;Jf;fisAila ,U fl;rpfs; $l;lzp mikg;gjw;fhf xd;W NrHe;jd.

Mizak;

mjpfhuG+Htkhd nghWg;igf; nfhz;NlhuJ FO

Rje;jpukha;j; jdpj;jpaq;Fk; Mizak; xd;W NjHjy;fis Vw;ghL nra;fpwJ.

murpay; rl;lg;gbahd KbauR

murpay; rhrdj;jpdhy; mjpfhuk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; murH my;yJ murpahiu ehl;bd; jiyik mjpfhupahff;

nfhz;l ehL

If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murH my;yJ murpahiuj; Njrj; jiytuhff; nfhz;l murpay; rhrd Kbaurhf

mT];jpNuypa nghJey murpid ekJ murpay; rhrdk; ];jhgpjk; nra;jJ.

ePjpkd;wk;

ePjpgjp my;yJ Fw;wtpay; eLtH xUtuhy; rl;l rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,lk;

rl;lj;ij kf;fs; kPWk;NghJ> mtHfs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nry;y Neuplyhk;.

Fw;w tprhuiz

xUtH Fw;wthspah my;yJ epuguhjpah vd;gijj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; nghUl;L Rkj;jg;gl;l Fw;wk; Fwpj;j

cz;ikfis ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Nfl;ly;

Fw;wtof;F tprhuizf;Fg; gpwF> tq;fpj; jpUld; rpiwf;F mDg;gg;gl;lhd;.

[dehafk;

NjH;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjpfs; %yk; kf;fshy; elj;jg;gLk; muR

jhd; tpUk;Gk; xUtiug; ghuhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpahfj; NjHe;njLf;f jhd; thf;fspf;f tif nra;Ak; [dehaf

ehl;by; trpg;gJ Fwpj;J fpNu]; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhs;.

Nghijt];J flj;jy;

rl;ltpNuhj tpw;gidf;nfd Nghijt];Jf;fis vLj;Jr; nry;Yjy; my;yJ thq;Fjy;

Nghijt];J flj;jYf;fhf n[]; rpiwf;F mDg;gg;gl;lhs;.

nghUshjhuf; f\;lk; tpistpj;jy;

Mz;-ngz; cwtpy; tho;e;JtUk; ,Utupy; xUtH kw;wtH iff;Fg; gzk;; tUtij my;yJ ifahs;tijj;

jLf;Fk; FLk;g td;Kiwapd; tif

fztd; jdf;Fg; gzNkJk; juhjjhy; ypd; nghUshjhuf; f\;lj;jpw;Fw;gLj;jg;gl;lhs;.

NjHjy;

ghuhSk;d;wj;jpy; jk;ikg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j kf;fs; xUtiuj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; epfo;r;rp

18 tajhd my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; NjHjypy; fl;lhak; thf;fspf;fNtz;Lk;.

Nrhjidg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak; 31

thf;fhsH gl;bay;

NjHjy; my;yJ fUj;Jf;fzpg;G xd;wpy; thf;fspf;Fk; cupik ngw;Ws;stHfsJ ml;ltiz

thf;Fr;rhtbf;F N[d; te;jNghJ> mts; ngaiu thf;fhsH gl;baypy; mjpfhup NjbdhH.

rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

kf;fs; rl;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtij cWjpnra;jy;

Nghyp];fhuHfs; rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jp mikjpiaf; fhf;fpd;wdH.

rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wk; mjpfhuk;

rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;> mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;jpd; fPo; mspf;fg;gLk; Kt;tif

mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W

mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;

mT];jpNuypa murhq;f ke;jpupfSf;Fk;> ftHdH-n[duYf;Fk; cz;L.

$l;luR

jk; ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy mjpfhuq;fis itj;Jf;nfhz;L> FbNaw;wq;fs; midj;Jk; xNu Njrkhf

xd;WgLtJ

1901-Mk; Mz;L FbNaw;wq;fs; xd;wpize;J mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR vDk; $l;lurhf khwpaJ.

Kjyhk; fg;gy; njhFjp

epA+ ]Tj; Nty;];-,y; jz;lidf;ifjpfsJ FbNaw;wk; xd;iw mikg;gjw;fhf Captain Arthur Phillip jiyikapy; gpul;ldpypUe;J Gwg;gl;l 11 fg;gy;fspd; njhFjp

1788-Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 26-Mk; Njjp ]pl;dp tisFlhtpy; ‘Kjyhk; fg;gy;njhFjp’ te;J ,wq;fpaij

‘mT];jpNuypa jpd’j;jd;W ehk; epidT $HfpNwhk;.

kyHr; rpd;dk;

Njrpa kyH

jq;f thl;y; vDk; kyH mT];jpNypahtpd; Njrpa kyuhFk;.

gyte;jj; jdpik

Mz;-ngz; cwtpy; cs;s xUtH ,d;ndhUtH ahiur; re;jpf;fpwhH> ahUld; NgRfpwhH> vd;d thrpf;fpwhH

kw;Wk; vq;F nry;fpwhH vd;gijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; FLk;g td;Kiw tif

FLk;gj;jpdiuNah my;yJ ez;gHfisNah ghHf;f fztd; mDkjp juhjjhy; rhe;jp fl;lhaj; jdpikf;F

Mshdhs;.

,f;fzk; njhlq;fp

,e;j Neuk; njhlq;fp tUq;fhyj;jpYk;

gpurhcupikr; rlq;fpd;NghJ mT];jpNuypa Njrj;jpw;F ,f;fzj;jpypUe;J tpRthrkha; ,Ug;gjhf ePq;fs;

cWjpaspg;gPHfs;.

rpd;dk;

kpfr; gpugykhd xU cUtk;

‘Xguh `T];’ ]pl;dp efupd; Gfo;ngw;w milahsr; rpd;dkhFk;.

G+HtPfthrpfs;

mT];jpNuypa ehl;L kz;zpy; Muk;gk; njhl;L trpf;Fk; G+HtPff; Fbfs;> mNghup[pdpfs; kw;Wk; lhup];

ePHr;re;jpj; jPtfj;jpdHfshtH

mT];jpNuypa kf;fs;njhifapy; 2.5 rjk; G+HtPf thrpfshtH.

A+j-fpUj;jtk;

A+j kw;Wk; fpUj;Jt kjq;fspd;

A+j-fpUj;Jt tpOkpaq;fs; tptpypag; ghlq;fis mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;litahFk;.

M];jpNuypaf; FbAupik: ekJ nghJg; gpizg;G32

ePjpj;Jiw mjpfhuk;

rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij vLj;Jiuj;J> rl;lq;fis n;ray;Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuk;> murpay; rhrdj;jpd;

fPo;tUk; %tif mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W

mT];jpNuypahtpy;> rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij tpsf;fp> rl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk;

ePjpkd;wq;fspd; ifapy; cs;sJ.

rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuk;

rl;lq;fis ,aw;wTk;> rl;lq;fspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd mjpfhuk;> murpay; rhrdj;jpdhy;

toq;fg;gLk; %d;W mjpfhuq;fspy; xd;W

murpay; rhrdj;jpd;gb rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wtjw;fhd mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F cz;L.

Rje;jpu chpikfs;

jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; RarhHG

ekJ [dehaf r%fj;jpy; kf;fSf;F Ngr;Rr; Rje;jpuk;> fUj;J ntspg;gLj;Jk; Rje;jpuk;> rka Rje;jpuk;

kw;Wk; xd;W$Ltjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; Mfpait cz;L. ,r;Rje;jpu cupikfis ehk; kjpj;Jg; NgZfpNwhk;.

Fw;wtpay; eLtH

fPo; ePjpkd;wk; xd;wpd; ePjpgjp (jiytH)

Fw;wtpay; eLtH jpUlid Fw;wthsp vdf; fz;L rpiwf;F mDg;gpdhH.

Njhoik

kw;wtUf;F cjtp nra;tJ kw;wtuplkpUe;J cjtp ngWtJ> Fwpg;ghf f\;lfhyq;fspy;

vdJ fhH nfl;Lg;Ngha; epd;wNghJ> kw;w Xl;LeHfs; Njhoik czHtpy; vd; fhiuj; js;s cjtpdH.

Njrpa fPjk;

Njrpag; ghly;

‘ml;thd;]; m];l;uhypah /ngaH’ vd;gJ mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa fPjkhFk;.

ghuhSkd;w [dehafk;

gpuirfshy; tof;fkhfg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;Fg; gpujpepjpfs; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtij mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;l

murhq;f Kiw

ghuhSkd;w [dehaf Kiwapy; jhk; tpUk;Gk; gpujpepjpfSf;F kf;fs; thf;fspg;gH.

epue;juf; FbapUg;ghsH

fhy tiu VJkpd;wp mT];jpNuypahtpy; tho;tjw;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fkhd tprh itj;jpUg;gtH.

tq;fp xd;wpy; gzpahw;wptUk; mg;Jypd; gf;fj;J tPl;bypUf;Fk; [g;ghdpa ehl;ltH xU mT];jpNuypa epue;juf;

FbapUg;ghsH MthH.

murpay; fl;rp

ehL vg;gb Msg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wp xNu khjpupahd fUj;Jf;fisf;nfhz;l kf;fsJ FO

murpay; fl;rp xd;wpd; cWg;gpdHfs; fhyk; jtwhJ xd;W $br; re;jpg;gH> cjhuzj;jpw;F> nghJg;

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ vg;gb vd;gJ Fwpj;J fye;JiuahLtjw;F.

nghJkf;fs; Nrit

ehl;L eyj;jpw;nfd Neuk;> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; jpwikfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ

Gfyplk; ehLgtHfSf;F mT];jpNuypahtpy; Fbaku cjtpajd; %yk; N[h]; mupa nghJr; Nritahw;wpdhH.

fUj;Jf;fzpg;G

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrd khw;wj;jpd; kPJ midj;J thf;fhsHfSk; thf;fspj;jy;

1967-Mk; Mz;L ele;j fUj;Jf;fzpg;G thf;nfLg;gpy; G+HtPf mT];jpNuypaiuAk; kf;fs; njhiff;

fzf;nfLg;gpy; NrHj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd kf;fs; thf;fspj;jdH.

33

gpujpepjp

kw;wtH rhHghfg; NgRgtH my;;;yJ nrayhw;WgtH

vdJ cs;SH efuitg; gpujpepjpf;F vd;Dila fUj;J gpbj;jpUe;jJ> mij mtH efuitf; $l;lj;jpy;

rkHg;gpj;jhH.

kPsha;T

GjpaNjhH rl;lj;jpw;fhf nra;ag;gLk; Kd;nkhopitf; fUj;jpy;nfhz;L> mij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjh my;yJ

epuhfupg;gjh vdj; jPHkhdpg;gJ

fPoitapypUe;J te;j xU tup kNrhjh Fwpj;J ‘kPsha;T rig’ vd;w tifapy; ‘nrdl;’ tpthjpj;jJ.

,ufrpa thf;fspg;G

Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy; Xl;L nrYj;JkhW thf;fhsHfis kw;wtHfs; fl;lhag;gLj;jhj tifapy; kf;fs;

kiwthf thf;fspf;Fk; Kiw

,ufrpa thf;fspg;G Kiwapy; ePq;fs; thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;NghJ NtW ahUk; ghHf;f ,ayhJ.

rkarhHgw;w

rkaj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ

rkarhHgw;w r%fj;jpy; mjpfhuG+Htkhd rkak; vJTk; fpilahJ.

mikj;jy;

epHkhzpj;jy;> ];jhgpj;jy;> Jtf;Fjy;

Kjy; FbNaw;wj;ij MSeH /gpypg; epA+ nrsj; Nty;];- ,y; mikj;jhH.

\aH

cs;SH epHthfg; gFjp

vdJ \aH gFjpapy; cs;s rhiyfs; ghJfhg;ghdit.

r%fg; ghJfhg;G

Ntiyapy;yhjtHfs;> clypayhik cilatHfs;> tajhdtHfs; kw;Wk; NjitapypUg;NghUf;F

cjTtjw;nfd toq;fg;gLk; muR Xa;T+jpaq;fs; my;yJ Mjhaq;fs;

buhq; jdJ Ntiyia ,oe;jNghJ> r%fg; ghJfhg;G cjtpf;nfd tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

cq;fsJ mjpU\;lj;ijg; guPl;rpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;

Kad;W ghHg;gJ

Xt;nthU tUlKk; ‘nky;gHd; fpz;z’f; Fjpiug; ge;jaj;jpy; 10 lhyH ge;jak; itj;J vdf;F mjpU\;lk;

,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Kad;W ghHg;Ngd;.

RatpUg;Gj;njhz;lH

xU egUf;Nfh my;yJ mikg;Gf;Nfh Cjpak; vJTk; vjpHghHf;fhky; jdJ Nritia mspg;gtH

uh[; kw;wtuJ ,y;yq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mtHfSf;F Mq;fpyk; nrhy;ypj;jUk; RatpUg;gj;njhz;luhthH.

Nrhjidg; gFjpf;fhd nrhw;fsQ;rpak;

1. ‘md;]f;’ jpdj;jd;W ehk; epidT $Htnjd;d?

m. fypnghyp> JUf;fpapy; mT];jpNuypa> epA+]pyhe;J ,uhZt tPuHfs; te;jpwq;fpaik

M. gpupl;lhdpag; NguurpypUe;J Kjy; Rje;jpuf; FbfsJ tUif

,. ]pl;dp tisFlhtpy; Kjyhk; fg;gy; njhFjp te;jpwq;fpaik

2. mT];jpNuypa mNghup[pdpfs; nfhbapy; cs;s epwq;fs; ahit?

m. fUg;G> rptg;G kw;Wk; kQ;rs;

M. gr;ir> nts;is kw;Wk; fUg;G

,. ePyk;> nts;is kw;Wk; gr;ir

3. mT];jpNuypahtpd; ve;j mjpfhuG+Htkhd rpd;dk; nghJey muir rupahd Kiwapy; Fwpf;Fk;?

m. Njrpa fPjk;

M. mT];jpNuypahtpd; Njrpa kyH

,. nghJey murpd; rpd;dk; (Coat of Arms)

mT];jpNuypahTk; mjd; kf;fSk;

mT];jpNuypahtpd; [dehaf ek;gpf;iffs;> chpikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs;;

4. mT];jpNuypahtpd; murhq;f mikg;G Kiwiag; nghWj;jkl;by;> fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ?

m. mT];jpNuypa murpahH> mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;ij mikg;gjw;fhf kf;fisj; NjHe;njLg;ghH

M. murhq;fk; kf;fshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ

,. ekJ ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfis gpujkH NjHe;njLg;ghH

5. fPo;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ Ngr;R Rje;jpuj;Jf;F cjhuzkhFk;?

m. murpd; KbTfSf;F kf;fs; mikjpahd Kiwapy; vjpHg;G njuptpf;fyhk;.

M. ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkkhf elj;jg;gLtH

,. vr;rkaj;ijAk; gpd;gw;whjpUf;Fk; cupik mT];jpNuypaUf;;Fz;L

6. fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;ijg; gw;wp rupahdjhFk;?

m. rpy kjq;fis muR mDkjpg;gjpy;iy

M. mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; kjrhHgw;wjhFk;

,. kjr; rl;lq;fs; ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wd

7. fPo;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ mT];jpNuypahtpYs;s rkj;Jtj;jpw;F cjhuzkhFk;?

m. xt;nthUtUk; xNu rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdH

M. Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkcupik ngw;wtHfs;;

,. Xt;nthUtUk; xNu murpay; fl;rpiar; rhHe;jtHfs;

8. fPo;f; fhzg;gLk; tplaq;fspy; vJ 18 my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l taJila mT];jpNuypaHfsJ flikahFk;?

m. cs;SH efuitf; $l;lq;fSf;Fr; nry;tJ

M. thf;Fr; nrYj;JtJ

,. nry;Ygbahff;$ba mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rPl;L xd;iw itj;jpUg;gJ

9. fPo; tUk; tplaq;fspy; vJ 18 my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taJila mT];jpNuypaHfs; kPJ flikahFk;?

m. cs;SH r%f Nrit GuptJ

M. vy;yh Neuj;jpYk; flTr;rPl;ilf; ifapy; itj;jpUg;gJ

,. miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ [_up xd;wpy; gzpahw;WtJ

Nrhjidf;fhd gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;

10. flTr;rPl;Lfisf; Fwpj;j fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdjhFk;?

m. mT];jpNuypag; gpuirfs; mT];jpNuypaf; flTr; rPl;bw;nfd tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;

M. epue;juf; Fbfs; mT];jpNuypaf; flTr;rPl;nlhd;iw itj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;

,. mT];jpNuypahTf;Fj; jpUk;gp tu> mT];jpNuypaf;;; Fbkf;fSf;F flTr;rPl;Lk; tprhTk; Njit

gapw;rp Nrhjidf;fhd tpdhf;fs; 35

16. fPo;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ ftHdH-n[duypd; gq;fhFk;?

m. khepy Kjy;tHfis epakpg;gJ

M. mT];jpNuypag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l kNrhjhf;fspy; ifr;rhj;jpLtJ

,. ehl;bd; jiyik mjpfhupia epakdk; nra;tJ

17. khepy muRfisf; Fwpj;j fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ?

m. midj;J khepyq;fspYk; xNu murpay; rhrdk; cs;sJ

M. xt;nthU khepyj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Nf cupj;jhd murpay; rhrdk; cz;L

,. khepyq;fSf;F murpay; rhrdk; fpilahJ

18. gpujpepjpfs; rigapy; ,uz;lhtJ ngUk;ghd;ik cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;Ls;s fl;rp my;yJ fl;rpfspd; $l;lzp ve;jg; ngauhy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ?

m. murhq;fk;

M. vjpHf;fl;rp

,. nrdl;

19. rl;lk; xd;iw ,aw;Wtjw;nfd ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; nra;ag;gLk; Kd;nkhoptpd; ngaH vd;d?

m. ,uhrhq;f MNkhjpg;G

M. kNrhjh

,. tpthjk;

20. mT];jpNuypahtpy; mikjp> xOq;F Mfpatw;iwg; guhkupg;gJ ahH?

m. murhq;f CopaHfs;

M. nghyP];

,. rl;lj;juzpfs;

11. mT];jpNuypaj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspg;gJ Fwpj;j fPo;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ?

m. ve;j Ntl;ghsUf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; Rje;jpukhfTk; thf;fspf;Fk; cupik kf;fSf;F cz;L

M. ifiaf; fhl;Ltjd; %ykhf thf;fspf;fg;gLfpwJ

,. thf;Fr;rPl;bd; kPJ kf;fs; jk; ngaiuf; fl;lhak; vOjNtz;Lk;

12. 1901-Mk; Mz;L [dtup 1-Mk; jpfjp ele;j epfo;r;rp vd;d?

m. fUj;Jf;fzpg;G xd;wpd; %yk; mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; khw;wg;gl;lJ

M. mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk; eilKiwf;F te;jJ

,. mT];jpNuypa-epA+]pyhe;J ,uhZtg;gil mikf;fg;gl;lJ

13. mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;jpw;fhd tpjpKiwfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; rl;lG+Htkhd Mtzj;jpd; ngaH vd;d?

m. mT];jpNuypaf; $l;luR

M. mT];jpNuypag; nghJey muR

,. mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdk;

14. fUj;Jf;fzpg;G vd;why; vd;d?

m. murhq;fj;ij khw;Wtjw;fhd xU thf;nfLg;G

M. mT];jpNuypa murpay; rhrdj;ij khw;Wtjw;fhd xU thf;nfLg;G

,. gpujkiu khw;Wtjw;fhd thf;nfLg;G

15. rl;lq;fspd; mHj;jj;ij tpsf;fp rl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;Jk; mjpfhuk; murpd; ve;j mq;fj;jpw;F cz;L?

m. rl;;lk; ,aw;Wk; mq;fk;

M. epHthf mq;fk;

,. ePjpj;Jiw

mT];jpNuypa murhq;fKk; mjd; rl;lq;fSk;

gapw;rp Nrhjidf;fhd tpdhf;fs; 35

1 m, 2 m, 3 ,, 4 M, 5 m, 6 M, 7 M, 8 M, 9 ,, 10 m, 11 m, 12 M, 13 ,, 14 M, 15 ,, 16 M, 17 M, 18 M, 19 M, 20 M

tpilfs;:

Nrhjidf;Fupa gFjp KbtilfpwJ

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