NANDHA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

8/7/2019 NANDHA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

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NANDHA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

ERODE-52

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

RECENT TRENDS IN COMMUNICATION

Done By .

B.ANANDHAN (DECE-III YEAR)

JAMPANI VISHNU CHAKRAVARTHI (DECE-III YEAR)

Contact No: 09600886643


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ABSRACT:

Many types of recent trends in communication. We are taking that wireless

communication. In this type of communication explained for this paper.

Wireless networks are an important part of everyday life and have numerous applications

in different areas. Wireless telecommunications technology are converging with Internet

technology to foster new generations of applications and services. Presently, the United States

and other countries are moving to third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation mobile telephony.

The defining feature of these technologies is that transmission speeds are significantly faster than

prevailing technology, making it possible to provide services such as high speed access to the

Internet and to receive broadcast television programs. The wireless of 3G is introduced in

INDIA.But,4G is used in united states and other countries. In our paper the following topics are

explained below,

CONTENTS

INTRODUTION

HISTORY


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DEVICES

WIFI

WIMAX

ZIGBEE

DETAILS OF 3G AND 4G

ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

APPLICATION OF WIRELESS TEHNOLOGY

CONCLUSION

INTRODUTION:

Wireless operations permits services, such as long range communications, that are

impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the

telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and

receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network terminals, etc.) which use some form of


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energy (e.g. radio frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy, etc.) to

transfer information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both

short and long distances.

HISTORY:

1G:

Wireless_ First Generation Analog Systems

Speech

AMPS, TACS

2G:

Second Generation Digital Systems

Enhanced Capacity

CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC

2.5G:

In between 2G and 3G there is another generation called 2.5G. The intermediate

mobile generation if we can call it that 2.5 Generation Systems

Low Speed Data

GPRS, EDGE

3G:

NTERNET_ on Wireless

Wi-Fi, WiMAX, CDMA2000/WCDMA

Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP

GSM/TDMA


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Time Division Multiplexing based access

CDMA

Code Division Multiplexing based access

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

3.5 G:

Evolved radio Interface

IP based core network

4G:

4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps

while stationary.

o New Air Interface

o Very high bit rate services

o Convergence of Wire line, Wireless, and IP worlds

5G:

5G is a completed wireless communication with almost no limitation; somehow people

called it REAL wireless world

5G wireless system is only theory and not real


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DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORK:

LAN (Local Area Network):

A LAN connects network devices over a

relatively short distance. A networked office building,

school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though

sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs

(perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings.

WAN (Wide Area Network):

As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest

WAN, spanning the Earth.

A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs.

A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP

networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN

address.

While LAN and WAN are by far the most popular

network types mentioned, you may also commonly see

references to these others:


DEVICES:

Wi-Fi:
http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_wan.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/routers/g/bldef_router.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/routers/g/bldef_router.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_wan.htm


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Wi-Fi - wireless fidelity refers to the wireless networks which use 802.11 standard

developed by the IEEE. Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED

means that the product is tested and certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. This certification assures

that products act according to 802.11 standards

IEEE uses Wireless Local area network, WLAN, or Wireless LAN as names for the

wireless network with the 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi was developed to be used for mobile

computing devices, such as laptops, in LANs, but is now increasingly used for more services,

including Internet and VoIP phone access, gaming, and basic connectivity of consumer

electronics such as televisions and DVD players, or digital cameras.

WIMAX:

WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16 , that

is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks.

WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for

fixed stations , and 3 10 miles (5 15 km) for mobile stations. WiMAX operates on both

licensed and non-licensed frequencies , providing a regulated environment and viable economic

model for wireless carriers. WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way

as the more common WiFi protocol.


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WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use,

interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.The

WiMAX Forum offers a means of testing manufacturers equipment for compatibility, as well as

an industry group dedicated to fostering the development and commercialization of the

technology. WiMAX was developed as a standards-based technology enabling the delivery

of last mile

wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PARAMETER OF WI-FI AND WI-MAX:

ZIGBEE

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-

power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for

Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), such as

wireless light switches with lamps, electrical meters with in-home-

displays, consumer electronics equipment via short-range radio. The


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To overcome the shortcomings of 2G and 2.5G, the 3G had been introduced. In 3G Wide

Brand Wireless Network is used with which the clarity increases and gives the perfection similar

to that of a real conversation. The data are sent through the technology called Packet

Switching .Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit Switching.

Packet-switching

Circuit-switching

3G:

3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data (music

downloads, emails and instant messaging) over the same network simultaneously.3G

networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater numbers of voice and data

customers at lower incremental costs than 2G.

STANDARDS:

W-CDMA : Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

EVDO : Evolution-Data Optimized

3G networks promise next-generation service

with transmission rates of 144Kbps and higher

that can support multimedia applications, such

as video, video conferencing and Internet


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access. Both UMTS (WCDMA) and EDGE will support 3G services. 3G networks

operate on a different frequency than 2G networks.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or WCDM (Wideband Code

Division Multiple Access) was selected as the successor to GSM. It is the European

standard for 3G wideband digital radio communications, and it utilizes one 5 MHz

channel for both voice and data, offering data speeds up to 2 Mbps.

EDGE is a mobile network radio technology that allows current GSM networks to

offer 3G services within existing frequencies. As an evolution of GSM/GPRS, EDGE

is an upgrade to GPRS' data and GSM's voice networks. EDGE provides data speed

three times that of GPRS.

APPLICATIONS 3G:

Mobile TV a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscribers phone

where it can be watched.

Video on demand a provider sends a movie to the subscribers phone.

Video conferencing subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.

Tele-medicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially

isolated subscriber.


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Location-based services a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to

the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.

4G:

4G is a research item for next-generation wide-

area cellular radio, where you have 1G, 2G, 3G and

then 4G [and 5G]

4G is a conceptual framework and a discussion

point to address future needs of a high speed

wireless network. It offers both cellular and

broadband multimedia services everywhere. Expected to emerge around 2010 - 2015.

4G should be able to provided very smooth global roaming ubiquitously with lower cost

theoretically. 4G is set to deliver 100mbps to a roaming mobile device globally, and up to 1Gbps

to a stationary device.

APPLICATIONS OF 4G :

Mobile IPTV

Social Networking Services/User-generated Content

Mobile Marketing and Advertising

E-reader Apps/Phones

Wireless VoIP Apps

M2M Apps

Telemetric

0

20

40

60

80

100

3G 4G


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ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY :

Mobility - user device can be moved easily within the wireless range

Neat and easy Installation - since no cable running here and there, just start up the

wireless device and you're ready to rumble

Less cost for cabling infrastructure and device

More user supported - cable device have limited slot

DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY:

Relatively lower bandwidth speed - example: although currently 802.11/n could reach

128 Mbps, UTP cable can reach 1 Gbps. And more user mean each bandwidth get

smaller. That is why currently wired backbone network is still preferred.

Ease of access means more security also

necessary to protect data and/or bandwidth,

since people can connect anywhere within range

without seeking network plug.

APPLICATION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY:

Security systems

Television remote control

Cellular telephone (phones and modems)

Wireless energy transfer

Computer interface devices


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