JASTE25 International Symposium

日本熱帯生態学会 25周年記念国際シンポジウム

Networking for the Sustainable Future of the Tropics

熱帯地域の持続的な未来を目ざすネットワークの構築

19 June, 2015 14:00-18:00  

Inamori Foundation Memorial Hall, 3F, Kyoto University

2015年年6⽉月19⽇日 京都⼤大学稲盛財団記念念館   ３F⼤大会議室

Sponsored by: Japan Society for Tropical Ecology (JASTE), Kyoto University Foundation,

Graduate School of Agriculture, Center for Integrated Area Studies, Center for African Area Studies, and Global Sustainability Studies of Kyoto University

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Networking for the Sustainable Future of the Tropics

SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM

14:00–14:10 Welcome remarks: Mamoru KANZAKI, JASTE25 Executive Committee Chair (Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan) Moderator: Kaoru KITAJIMA (Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan)

Lectures:

14:10–14:35 Stuart J. DAVIES (Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, USA; Global Forest Observatory) “Forests in the Anthropocene: Recent results from a global forest observing system”

14:35–15:00 Robin L. CHAZDON (University of Connecticut, USA; Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation) “Networking to understand tropical reforestation and its socio-ecological context in an age of deforestation”

15:00–15:25 Hajanirina F. RAKOTOMANANA (University of Antananarivo, Madagascar; Tropical Biology Association) “Tropical Biology Association for safeguarding the natural resources in Africa and other tropical regions”.

(10 min break) 15:35–16:00 Moira M. M. MOELIONO (Center for International Forestry

Research, Indonesia; Asian Social Forestry Network) “ASFN, ASFCC and CIFOR Research”

16:00–16:25 Mitsuru OSAKI (Hokkaido University, Japan; International Peat Society) “The peatland / wetland as carbon-water linkage ecosystems”

16:25–16:50 F. E. (Jack) PUTZ (University of Florida, USA) “Research networks to promote responsible tropical forest management”

(10 min break) 17:00-18:00 Panel discussion Panelists:

Ryohei KADA (Shijyonawate Gakuen University, Japan) Yasuyuki KONO (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University,

Japan) Claudia ROMERO (University of Florida, USA) Shoko SAKAI (Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan)

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SCOPE OF THE SYMPOSIUM Conservation of the rich biological diversity in the tropics holds a key for the sustainable future for the people of the earth. Natural tropical ecosystems offer many valuable ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, water, soil and nutrient conservation, a rich array of natural resources and livelihood options. Yet, natural tropical forests, coastal and marine ecosystems continue to be degraded or lost by non-sustainable resource extraction and land use change, as a result of complex interactions of social, economic, political and environmental factors in the globally connected and rapidly changing world. Thus, natural scientists must work in collaboration with a broad range of disciplines and exchange knowledge beyond local and regional levels. In this international symposium, the invited speakers introduce ongoing efforts to network researchers and natural resource managers with a variety of regional and disciplinary strengths, with a common goal of conserving the future of the tropics. These lectures will be followed by a panel discussion, during which invited panelists will discuss how to foster such research coordination networks in the context of setting research priorities in tropical ecology and conservation.

ABSTRACTS Forests in the Anthropocene: Recent results from a global forest observing system

Stuart J. DAVIES Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, USA; Global Forest Observatory

Tropical forests are being impacted by an array of global changes. Deforestation continues at around 13 million hectares per year. This and other land-use change in the tropics contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, reduces the ability of forest to regulate climates, and threatens many species that are known only from tropical rain forests. Over the past 30 years the Center for Tropical Forest Science has implemented a standardized system for monitoring the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Sixty-two plots of 16-148 hectares have been established in 21 countries across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. Every tree with a stem diameter ≥1 cm is mapped, measured, identified, and monitored. This international collaboration, involving hundreds of scientists from over 100 institutions, is now monitoring the growth and survival of 4.5 million trees in over 8,200 species – over 15% of all known tropical tree species. These data provide a basis for determining: (i) forces maintaining diversity, and (ii) the response of trees and forest ecosystems to the Earth’s changing climate. In this talk, I use the network of large-scale plots in 24 countries to explore the main factors causing shifts in the structure and composition of tropical forests. Networking to understand tropical reforestation and its socio-ecological context in an age of deforestation

Robin L. CHAZDON University of Connecticut, USA; Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation

The increasing prevalence and importance of regenerating and restored tropical forests calls for multi-site, multi-investigator, and trans-disciplinary research to understand the drivers and consequences of forest regrowth in different geographical contexts. The collaborative neoSelvas research project began in 2007 to investigate successional pathways following agricultural land use in wet tropical forests of Central Amazonia, Brazil; northeastern Costa Rica; and Chiapas, Mexico based on long-term, permanent plot studies (http://neoselvas.wordpress.uconn.edu). Our research network has grown to include wet and dry forests in

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(CHAZDON Abstract cont.)

Puerto Rico, Mexico and Bolivia, and now encompasses a total of 35 sites throughout the Neotropics, including analyses of multi-site chronosequence data. Realizing that tropical reforestation also has major economic, political, and cultural drivers and consequences, the PARTNERS project (People and Reforestation in the Tropics, a Network for Education, Research, and Synthesis) was formed in 2013 with a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation. PARTNERS Research Coordination Network now has over 270 members from over 40 countries (http://partners-rcn.org). Interdisciplinary working groups address knowledge gaps and synthesize existing information in five major areas: (1) Social and ecological drivers of tropical forest transitions; (2) Socio-ecological resilience in tropical landscapes; (3) Interactions between climate variability and reforestation; (4) Challenges of tradeoffs and synergies in different reforestation scenarios; and (5) Policy and land-use implications of forest concepts and definitions. These teams are producing synthetic peer-reviewed papers, educational modules, and policy briefs. Our next workshop in October 2015 will focus on filling knowledge gaps to expand, enhance, and scale-up forest restoration and regeneration across the tropical world. PARTNERS members include restoration practitioners, policy makers, and non-government organizations with related missions. Our networking and joint activities are creating strong linkages between science and policy to guide the new era of forest restoration in the tropics. Tropical Biology Association for safeguarding the natural resources in Africa and other tropical regions

Hajanirina F. RAKOTOMANANA Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

The Tropical Biology Association (TBA) is a non-government organization working in partnership with conservation institutes throughout the African Region. The TBA was established in 1993 with offices in Cambridge (UK) and Nairobi (Kenya). Established originally through funding from the Darwin Initiative, the TBA is supported by grants and collaborative programs from government and non government agencies and some private sectors are involved. Then, it has grown from strength to strength and makes a positive impact in terms of conservation. Since its creation, TBA has trained over 1,500 biologists from over 50 different countries. Annually three or four courses are rotated and carried out in the following countries: Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and Madagascar with, in 2009-11, a course in Malaysia on the island of Borneo. It gathers over 40 university members, research departments and conservation institutions which form the basis of its governing council. The TBA is still supporting and following the students via TBA alumni groups. The alumni can strengthen their skills in natural resources management and research through three types of grants that the TBA offer every year including project grant, follow up grant and networking grant. The majority of the African TBA alumni are still in touch with the TBA. The alumni from African countries created now the TBA African Alumni Group (TAAG). The objective of TAAG is to promote the conservation of the threatened biodiversity of Africa by sharing knowledge and skills and building the capacity for the next generation. ASFN, ASFCC and CIFOR Research

Moira M. M. MOELIONO Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia; Asian Social Forestry Network

The ASEAN Social Forestry Network was conceived as a network of information, linking policy makers in ASEAN countries to promote and mainstream social forestry. With the support of the Swiss Government, in 2011 a partnership was initated: the ASEAN-Swiss partnership for Social Forestry and Climate Change. CIFOR as one partner took on the role of research. In this presentation I will talk about ASFN as a knowledge network, ASFCC as a platform to support policy making and CIFOR’s role in researching issues of swidden and swidden policies within ASEAN and how our research generates information on the social networks and land use dynamics of swidden specifically to inform these policies (and how REDD+ fits within all this!.

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The peatland/wetland as carbon-water linkage ecosystems Mitsuru OSAKI Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan

As Hokkaido University, Japan, is located at the edge of the Ishikari Peatland, peatland science has been studied as one of its key research topics for more than 100 years. The technical expertise developed at the university have been applied to tropical peatland, especially in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, under the "Core University Project, 1997-2006" with LIPI funded by JSPS, and the "SATREPS project entitled as Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia, 2008-2014" with several Indonesian Institutes funded by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)- JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). As a result of these activities, the Japan Peatland Society, JPS, was founded in 2013 to promote the communication and discussion among those interesting in conservation, utilization and management of peatland not only in Japan but also in the world. JPS has an official linkage with the International Peat society. It currently has 47 individual members and 2 institutional members, who gather at annual meetings. Many JPS members study the tropical and subtropical coastal delta, of which the three main elements are water, carbon, and humans. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) emphasizes the importance of the study and management of high-carbon reservoir ecosystems such as 1) Peatlands/Wetlands, 2) Costal ecosystems (Mangrove/Coral/Sea grass), and 3) Permafrost ecosystems. It is notable that two of these three key ecosystems threatened by climate change are located mainly in delta regions, and the majority of the world's significant deltas are located in tropical and near sub-tropical zones. Because deltas have fertile soil they have historically maintained high human populations. As a result, any change in the ecosystem of the delta will cause high human impacts. Thus, delta issues consist of both the Carbon-Water-Soil Complex and the Impact of Human and Climate Change. It is clear that the Human-Ecology-Environment Hyperlinkage (HEEH) System is a very important feature of the delta. Therefore, it is proposed that International Delta Network should be developed for future "Networking for the Sustainable Future of the Tropics".

Research networks to promote responsible tropical forest management

F. E. “Jack” PUTZ Professor, University of Florida, USA

Although exploited and managed tropical forests cover an order-of-magnitude more land than is in protected areas, applied research on tropical forestry is about an order-of-magnitude less common than research on basic tropical forest ecology. Due to this dearth of research and scarcity of researchers, it is still not clear, for example, whether reduced-impact logging costs more than conventional logging or whether liberation of future crop trees is a cost-effective intervention. More generally, critical information is not available to inform policy decisions that involve tradeoffs between forest management intensification and the maintenance of biodiversity and other ecosystem functions.

Establishment of the Tropical managed Forest Observatory (TmFO, an open network of scientists, institutions, and NGOs interested in managed tropical forests) represents a step in the right direction insofar as it promotes collaboration among holders of permanent plot data. TmFO participants work with data from nearly 500 plots that cover about 1000 ha, but most of those plots are too small to address many pressing forestry questions and most were established only to measure the impacts of selective logging.

What is needed to move the tropical managed forest agenda forward is a network of well-replicated, large-scale, long-term, silvicultural research plots (LTSRPs) designed to address a wide range of forestry issues, sensu lato. For this to happen, there needs to be an order-of-magnitude increase in funding for tropical forestry research as well as refurbishment of the many forestry education programs around the world that closed or lost expertise in forest engineering, silviculture, and economics . Funding for rejuvenation and expansion of tropical forestry should be available through links with global efforts to restore degraded forest areas, to retain and increase forest carbon, to protect biodiversity, and to maintain forest ecosystem services.

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BIOGRRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF SPEAKERS & PANELISTS

Robin L. CHAZDON is a professor in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department at the University of Connecticut, USA. Her research interests include regeneration and restoration of tropical forests, tropical forest successional dynamics, and biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes. Her long-term collaborative research focuses on successional pathways and vegetation dynamics in Neotropical forests with an emphasis on community assembly and functional diversity of woody species in naturally regenerating tropical forests. Chazdon served as Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Biotropica, as President of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, and as a member-at-large of the governing board of the Ecological Society of America. She leads an international and interdisciplinary Research Coordination Network to understand the social and ecological drivers of reforestation in the tropics. In her role as the Executive Director, she is guiding new initiatives to expand the mission and activities of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation. She is an author of over 130 peer-reviewed scientific articles and co-editor of two books. Her sole-authored book “Second growth: The promise of tropical forest regeneration in an age of deforestation” was published in 2014.

Stuart J. DAVIES is the Frank H. Levinson Chair in Global Forest Science and Senior Staff Scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. He is Director of the Center for Tropical Forest Science-Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories (CTFS-ForestGEO), a global network of 62 large-scale forest research plots in 24 countries. The program uses long-term intensive observations of forests across the world to understand the origin and maintenance of forest diversity, and to understand how forest biodiversity and function can best be conserved, managed, and used in sustainable ways for human benefit. The program, the largest of its kind in the world, develops opportunities in training and capacity building in order to build a scientific basis for the management of the world's forests. Davies is a tropical ecologist with 25 years of experience working throughout the tropics, with particular expertise in the forests of Southeast Asia. His research investigates ecological and evolutionary influences on variation in rainforest communities. Davies received his PhD. from Harvard University in 1996. Previously, he held positions at the Center for International Development, the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University, the University of Malaysia Sarawak.

Ryohei KADA is currently Professor at Shijyonawate-Gakuen University, Osaka and Emeritus Professor, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan. He had a long career of research and teaching in agricultural and environmental economics at the Graduate School of Kyoto University for nearly 25 years. Receiving B.S. and M.S. degrees in agricultural economics from Kyoto University, he obtained a Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1978. He served as Vice President, Asian Association of Agricultural Economists for nearly 10 years. He has published a number of refereed academic journal papers, articles and books; has attended a number of international conferences and seminars as a guest speaker or advisor. He received the Policy Research Memorial Award from NIRA (National Institute for Research Advancement) by the publication of “Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture” in November 1991.

Yasuyuki KONO (Dr. Agri., Irrigation Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 1986) is Director and Professor of Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University. After joining CSEAS in 1987, he expanded research fields to natural resources management, rural livelihood studies, and human-nature interactions in Southeast Asia. Recently he, together with his multi-disciplinary colleagues, explores a new research field, “sustainable humanosphere studies”, which aims at embedding nature and environment in the dialogue of science and society. Major publications are Ecological Destruction, Health, and Development: Advancing Asian Paradigms (2004), Small-scale Livelihoods and Natural Resources Management in Marginal Areas of Monsoon Asia (2006), Agency, opportunity and risk: Commercialization and the human-nature relationships in Laos (2009), Mechanisms of land use change in Mainland Southeast Asia (2010), Geosphere, Biosphere and Human Society: What is Sustainable Humanosphere (2010), and The Potentiality of Geosphere and Biosphere: Exploring the Tropical Humanosphere (2012).

Moira M. M. MOELIONO is a senior associate at CIFOR. With a background in forestry from Bogor Agriculture University as well as a degree in social geography from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, she

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came to CIFOR in 2001 to work on forest governance issues with a strong focus on social forestry. Since then she has been involved in research on decentralization, adaptive collaborative management, social and community based forestry and rights based issues. In the last couple of years she shifted more to work on climate change, in particular REDD+ related policy processes. Mitsuru OSAKI is Professor of Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University and Professor of Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University from 2006. He was trained as a plant physiologist and soil scientist, and obtained his doctorate degree in from the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, in Japan in 1981. He worked as Associate Scientist in Maize Unit of CIMMYT in Mexico from 1982 to 1984. Until 2006, he has been working with the Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University in Japan, to implement a research and teaching on Rhizosphere Management. He also has been carried out many collaborative researches and teaching projects on tropical land management and rehabilitation of tropical forest. Also he is a Project Leader of JST-JICA Project on "Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia" from 2008 to 2014. He is also interested in sustainability viewed from soil fertility, food production, bio-energy, land management and SATOYAMA. He published 200 academic papers and 52 books, presented more than 300 papers in international meetings, organized 14 International Symposia and Workshops.

Jack PUTZ is a Professor of Biology and Forestry at the University of Florida. His research focuses on biological conservation in forests actively managed for timber. Whether in the Amazonian lowlands, the hill forests of Southeast Asia, or the pine savannas of Florida, he strives to assure that forests provide income while their species, biological communities, and ecosystem functions are maintained. To promote forest conservation through sustainable utilization he focuses on economic mechanisms for promoting good management, including both forest-based carbon offsets and forest product certification. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Wisconsin, his Ph.D. at Cornell University, and was a NATO Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Tropical Forestry Institute at Oxford University. He’s been on the faculty at UF since 1982 where he teaches courses in tropical forestry, botany, plant ecology, and the ecosystems of Florida. Along the way he’s published more than 300 research articles, essays, and reviews, and also popular magazine and newspaper articles on conservation issues.

Hajanirina F. RAKOTOMANANA has obtained his PhD from Kyoto University, Japan. He is currently a Professor at the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar and has recently become the President of Association of full professor of Madagascar universities. He is a member of the Boards of Japanese NPO Aiyugo which develops its environmental projects in Madagascar, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. He was the Vice-President of Malagasy Birds Group, Asity Madagascar. He has written several scientific papers and books on Malagasy birds. Now, he is a member of teachers of Tropical Biology Association (program closely related to Cambridge University).

Claudia ROMERO is a Courtesy Assistant Professor of the University of Florida and also a Research Associate of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). After receiving PhD in Botany from the University of Florida, she received additional training in natural resource economic, econometric analysis and impact evaluations. She has published widely in both basic ecological topics and applied conservation and policy issues. She is the lead authors for publication titles such as, “Bark: structure and functional ecology“, “Effects of commercial bark harvesting on Adansonia digitata (baobab) in the Save-Odzi valley (Zimbabwe) with considerations for its management”, “Helping curb tropical forest degradation by linking REDD+ with other conservation interventions: a view from the forest”, “Conservation and development in Latin America and southern Africa: setting the stage”, “An overview of current knowledge about the impacts of forest management certification”.

Shoko SAKAI is an associate professor at Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University. She started her academic career in botany and ecology. She received her doctoral degree from the Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University in 1999. She has conducted several research projects on plant reproduction and plant-animal interactions the tropical forests of Borneo and Panama. In recent years, her interests have broadened to include interactions between ecosystems and human societies. She served as the leader of the project “Collapse and restoration of ecosystem networks with human activity” (2007-2012, Research Institute in Humanity and Nature, Kyoto) for 2012.

JASTE25 International Public Symposium

Networking for the Sustainable Future of the Tropics Speakers & Panelists

Robin CHAZDON University of

Connecticut, USA

Stuart DAVIES Smithsonian

Institution, USA

Ryohei KADA Shijonawate Gakuen

University, Japan

Yasuyuki KONO Kyoto University,

Japan

Moira MOELIONO CIFOR, Indonesia

Mitsuru OSAKI Hokkaido University,

Japan

Jack PUTZ University of Florida,

USA

Hajanirina F. RAKOTOMANANA

University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

Shoko SAKAI Center for Ecological

Research, Kyoto University, Japan

Claudia ROMERO University of Florida,

USA

This JASTE25 International Public Symposium is part of the Interdisciplinary Seminar Series of the Global Sustainability Studies of Kyoto University. The organizers appreciate support by the International Network of Next Generation Ecologists (INNGE) for live video streaming of the symposium.