New Horizon College EnglishII
New Horizon College English
Unit One
Unit One
.Objectives 1. To understand the main idea of Section A and
Section B
2. To grasp the language points and structures of Section A and
Section B
3. To conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and
writing activities centered upon the theme of the unit.
.Time allotment
) Periods 12Section A
A) The main idea of the text: .How Americans value time and save
time carefully.
B) Comprehension of the text; C) Explanationa) Language points;
b) structure analysis; D) Conclusion; E) Assignment
) Periods 34Section B
A)The reading skills introduced in this unit: How to read for
the main idea of a paragraph B) Vocabulary and language points in
Section B ;C) Translation practice; D) Conclusion; E)
Assignments
) Periods56A) Listening practice; B) Speaking practice;
C)Writing practice;
D) All the exercises left; E) Assignment.
. Detailed study: Periods 12Section A
) Introductory remarks:
Americans value time and save it carefully. Time is a real,
precious resource to them so every minute must count. Visitors may
think Americans are always in a rush and under pressure. Smiles,
short conversations, and small exchanges with strangers dont exist
because Americans dislike wasting too much time. Americans assess
others professionally rather than socially, so they start talking
business immediately since they are always conscious of time.
Americans work hard at saving time so they may have meetings using
equipment like television screens and telephones rather than in
person. Quickly solving a problem or doing a job successfully is a
sign of skill. The more important the job, the more time and effort
Americans will pour into it.
II. Text Analysis
i). Structure of the text
1. Main idea of the whole text?
Americans value time and save time carefully. In their eyes,
time is regarded as precious
resource. A person who tends to waste his own time or that of
others is never accepted in American culture. Consequently,
Americans try every means to save time in their daily life,
business and work so as to make every minute count. Besides, to
solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in U.S.A is taken as a
sign of skillfulness or being competent.
Devices for developing it?
The passage is broadly put into three parts: Americans attitudes
towards time, how Americans save time, and what is highly valued by
Americans in terms of time. The whole passage is developed by the
method of deduction. In the first part, the general idea is clearly
presented; in the second, the main point is illustrated from
several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the
main point is given.
2. Main ideas of each part?
Main idea of part I (para.1-2)
Americans value time and save time carefully. Time is regarded
as precious resources.
Devices for developing it ?
Coming straight to the point ()
The author comes straight to the point at the beginning :
Para. 1: Americans believe no one stand still, and time is one
of the two elements that Americans save carefully.
Para. 2: Americans regard time as precious resource and they
want every minute to be important.
Main idea of part II (para.3-7)
Americans try every means to save time. They save time in their
daily life , business and work as well. They also create a series
of devices to improve efficiency.
Devices for developing it ?
Deduction ()
General idea: Americans are time-conscious and they want every
minute to count.
Specific aspects:
1. Americans save time in their daily life. They are always in a
rush and under pressure. (Para. 3)
2. Americans save time in their business talk.(Para. 4)
3. Americans work hard at the task of saving time by producing
laborsaving devices. (Paras. 5-7)
Main idea of part III (para.8)
While new arrivals to the U.S. regard time differently,
Americans do take it as a sign of skillfulness or being competent
to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed.
Devices for developing it ?
Contrast ()
The new arrivals attitudes towards time:
1. It is considered impolite to work too quickly.
2. The importance of an assignment is given by the passage of
time.
Americans attitudes towards time:
1. It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to
solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed.
2. More time and energy is generally poured into a more
important task.
ii) Words
1) budget (v. / n.) plan the spending of (time, money, etc.)
a family/weeks budget /
the companys advertising budget
She budged for buying a new car.
2) acute (adj.)
(1) (of feeling or the senses) fine; sharp
80
She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years
old.
(2) severe, very great
acute pain
an acute lack of water
3) replace (vt.)
(1) Put sth back where it was before
The telephone line was dead. Wendy replaced the telephone
handle.
(2) Take the place of
George has replaced Edward as the personnel manager.
(3) Change for another, often better, newer, etc.
Well have to replace those old computers with (by) new ones.
4). abrupt (adj.)
(1) (of behavior) rough
an abrupt attitude
When I asked her about her new job, she was quite abrupt with
me.
(2) Sudden and unexpected
an abrupt change of policy
an abrupt drop in oil prices
meeting with an abrupt end.
5). brief (adj.)
His remarks were brief and to the point.
in brief
the news in brief
In brieftake no risks whatever.
6). convention
(1) customary practice; accepted social behavior ,
.
It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal
occasions.
(2) meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc.
()
Conventions are usually held in large cities, which have a good
transportation systems and interesting sights to see.
7). ritual
(1) adj.
Everyday the work begins with the ritual phrases of
greeting.
(2) n.
I start to read English aloud the first thing after I get up in
the morning and that has become a ritual.
8). interaction
(1) communication;
informal interactions among adults
human-computer interaction
(2) working together; acting on each other
Increased interaction between the police and citizens will
improve the rate of solving crimes
9) assess (vt.): judge the quality, importance or worth of
sth.
Its too early to assess the effects of the new law.
10). generally (adv.)
(1) usually
Generally, the student go to the library three times a week.
(2) by most people, widely
It is generally agreed that smoking is bad for health.
11). conduct (vt.)
(1) organize and carry out
A team from the United Nations will observe the election to be
sure that it is fairly conducted.
(2) act as the path for (electricity, heat)
Plastic and rubber wont conduct electricity, but copper
will.
12) settle (vt.) ----solve
settle an argument
settle the case
settle a bill
settle an account
13). competent (adj.)
He is competent for the task.
14). fulfill (vt.)
(1) do or perform
fulfill a duty
They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours.
(2) supply or satisfy (a need, demand or requirement)
The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who
live in the country areas.
iii). Expressions & Patterns
1)to stand still (L. 1)
Still waters run deep.
The room stands idle.
2). ; to fall behind (L. 2)
fall behind in science
fall behind ones competition
fall behind with the rent
The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall
behind.
3).
result in (L. 2): cause;
result from: be caused by;
Acting before thinking always results in failing.
Nothing has resulted from his efforts.
4). to be slaves to (L. 5)
A man of strong will feels in control of his own life while a
man of weak will feels himself to be a slave to his fate.
a slave to drink
a slave to money
5). account for (L. 6)
The man charged with the crime couldnt account for the fact that
the money was found in his house.
6). to have a rather acute sense of (L. 7)
Having gone through many years of hardship in the same boat, the
old couple have a rather acute sense of the true value of love in
their life.
7). ; run out of (L. 8)
Many rivers run out of the Himalayas.
Im afraid weve run out of gas.
Im running out of patience.
8). under pressure (L. 11)
He works best under pressure.
9). to race through (L. 13)
The child raced through his homework in order to watch the
football match on TV.
10). to take sth. personally (L. 18)
You mustnt take her negative comments fo your plan
personally.
III. Summary
Americans believe so much in moving ahead that they are
____________ researching, experimenting and exploring. They treat
time as if it _____ reala precious resource. They budget it, save
it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it and _______
for it. A foreigners first impression ___ the U.S. is that everyone
is in a rush and often _____ pressure. City people always appear to
be ________ to get where they are going, restlessly seeking
attention or elbowing _______. Foreigners who miss smiles, brief
conversations, or leisurely exchanges with strangers should not
feel _____ by this. Americans value time so _______, they dislike
anyone wasting it beyond an ___________ amount. New arrivals to the
States will miss the custom of social talk _______ a business call
because Americans generally ______ or enquire about their visitors
professionally rather than socially. They start talking business
very quickly; time is always _______ in their heads. They work
_____ at saving time through labor-saving devices so they
communicate rapidly by fax, phone or email rather than ________
personal contact. The _____________ of electronic communication has
_____ to do with the significance of the matter _____ hand.
__________ a job or solving a problem rapidly in the U.S. is
considered a sign of ____________.
Periods 34
Section B Culture Shock
1. Reading Skills: Reading for the main idea in a paragraph
2. Ask students to finish reading Text B in ten minutes and
doing exercises
3. Structure of the Text
Part I (Para. 1) There are four stages of culture-shock
adjustment when studying in a different country.
Part II (Para. 2-7) Max got into Alberts room and wanted to take
a very important report from Albert.
Part III (Para. 8) Authors view on the four stages.
4. Languages Points:
Part I (Para 1)
1) Certainly, its a new experience, which brings the opportunity
of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom.. (line
3-4)
It studying in a different country.
Whichexperiencebringsopportunitya feeling of freedom
2) Because your views may clash with the different beliefs,
norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries,
you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those
parts of the culture not familiar to you. (line 5-8)
that exist in different countriestraditions,beliefs, norms,
values.
Not familiar to you those parts of the culture.
Part II (Para. 2-7)
Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it
will have no ending.
as though as if
e.g. You look as though/if you know each other.
you devise some defense mechanism to help you cope and to
protect yourself against the effect of culture shock.
you can create some methods for protecting yourself from harm
and dealing with the things around you successfully.
After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the
temporary nature of culture shock begins.
After you get over your hostile feelings, you begging to realize
that culture shock will not last long.
In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel
good because you have to learn enough to understand the new
culture.
Where you actually feel goodpoint where
Part III (Para. 8)
Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to
shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.
(line53-54)
learning about other cultureshow to adjust to the shock of
living in themhelp
Periods 56
.Listening practiceomitted; . Speaking practice: .Conclusion and
assignment: Previewing Unit Two
IV. Writing & Task
Different Approaches to Something
1.
1) With a view of the changes in life of people of the past and
today, we get / gain a deeper insight into / a better sense of sth.
.() 2) Viewed from the angle of lifestyle, modern people are famous
for, as shown in 3) But in the past people are known for, as
confirmed in (I) 4) Judging by the concept of the value of time,
modern people approach sth. aswhile in the past people treat sth.
as (II) 5) As is known to all, modern people prefer to, in contrast
to which in the past people tend to () 6) If set on the scene of
work, people today are more likely to pour sth. into whereas people
in the past are more liable to put sth. into (III) 7) As can be
seen from, () 8) Clearly, such differences render us better and
better at planning our time as long as we dont forget to enjoy
ourselves a little while keeping up with the pace of the times.
2. Task
Approaches to Time in the Past and Today
Unit Two
Section A Learning the Olympic Standard for LoveI. Teaching
Objectives
1. Skills
1)reading: understanding the main idea and structure of Section
A; Understanding and using the key words, phrases &
expressions, patterns of Section A; Mastering the ways of word
building, language points and grammatical structures in the
text2)writing: learning to write by developing a paragraph of a
general statement supported by specific details; Mastering the
device for developing a paragraph of a general statement supported
by specific details and reasons3)listening: understanding the
passages about study, listening for the main idea and the important
details, learning to take notes while listening4)speaking: talking
about sports, favorite Olympic hero; try to get others to agree
with you
Difficulties:Understanding the structure of the text and the way
to develop itMastering the device for developing a paragraph of a
general statement supported by specific details 2.Vocabulary
development:1)words: promising, indifferent, amateur, shift,
amusing, passion, fatigue, persist, approximately
2)expressions: neither/little/only/hardly, seldom, not only, not
until, under no circumstances, no sooner ... than ... , scarcely
(hardly) ... when ..., in advance, count on, in sbs presence, in
the presence of sb.
3. Grammar:1)not the least of which=the most important of which
2)inverted sentence: not only, neither/little/only/hardly,
seldom,not until, under no circumstances, no sooner ... than ... ,
scarcely (hardly) ... when ...,3)conjunctions: 4)prepositions:
II. Teaching arrangement
1. Total class time for this unit: 8 periods
2. Suggested arrangement:1) pre-reading activities:
15-20'2)understanding the structure of text A: 25-30'3) detailed
study of the language: 45'4) writing skills: 15'
5) text summary 106) exercises: 20'7) reading skills: 15'8)
detailed study of of text B: 45'
9)comprehensive exercises: 30'
10)supplementary reading and vocabulary exercises: 45'
11) listeningspeaking: 90
III. Detailed Study of Text A
Pre-reading
1. Background information
1. The Olympic Spirit (1)
The Olympic motto is "Faster, Higher,Stronger."
The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but
to participate.
Taking drugs before the Games is considered cheating and against
sportsmanship.
2. The Olympic Spirit (2)
The Olympic oath encourages athletes, coaches, and officials to
observe the rules and to follow the spirit of sports-manship.
Mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair play.
The Olympic Games help to promote a better and more peaceful
world.
3. The Olympic Spirit (3)
The most important thing in the Games is not the triumph but the
struggle; not to have conquered but to have fought well.
By undergoing the stress and strain of tough competition, the
athletes grow in strength, endurance and discipline.
The most important thing is to participate.
The athletes must learn to respect and to cooperate with people
from many nations during the Games.
2. Understand the major details of the text
1. How did the writer feel when she met Nilolai for the first
time?She felt that Nikolai was quite different from what she had
expected; still, she was quite nervous.2. As a self-confident
amateur skier, the writer was ready thinking of participating in
the Olympics before she met Nikolai, wasnt she?No. actually she was
quite surprised when Nikolai suggested that.3. How would you
describe the training sessions after Nikolai began to coach the
writer?They went through a lot of hard training sessions full of
pain and tears. Yet the training was really productive.4. Did
Nikolai himself try very hard at skiing when he was young?
Yes, he did. He was always practicing while others were relaxing
themselves.5. How would you describe the relationship between the
writer and her coach?In training, they were strict coach and
determined athlete; at other times, they were on good terms with
each other, like friends.6. Why did a lady friend of the writers
grandfather once asked wether Nikolai also taught dance?Because
Nikolai sang out instructions in a regular manners, similar to
those of a dance instructor.7. What did they achieve through hard
training? Did they participating in the Olympics as they had
expected?The writer achieved a fourth place in the nation, but they
didnt manage to participate in the Olympics.8. What did the writer
learn from Nikolai?Besides improving her skills under Nikolais
instruction, she also learned the importance of determination with
courage, heart and discipline; most important of all, she learned
to be thankful and loving while living in this world.
3. Understand organization of the text
The passage is a first-person narration about the writers
experience for Olympic Games with an ex-Soviet coach, through which
the writer learned the Olympic standard for love. The whole passage
can be roughly divided into four parts.The first part consists of
Paragraphs 1 to 4. The second part is made up of 15 paragraphs,
from Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 19. This part deals with the Olympic
standard of love as shown by Nikolai.The third part is only one
paragraph, Paragraph 20. This is a transitional paragraph. This is
the time when the writer stopped her training, revisited her coach
Nikolai, thought of what happened in the past, and realized that
she had gained a lot from her quiet, indissoluble bond with her
coach Nikolai.The fourth part is the conclusion of the whole
passage Paragraph 21. It summarizes what nikolai taught the
writer.
4. materials
Write down the names of some world famous coaches, and then
match the names with the information given on the right column.Sun
Haiping RijkaardCheng zhongheRick AdelmanDungaAlex FergusonF. C.
Barcenola()Man UnitedChinese country female volleyball teamhouston
rocketsBrazilian country male football teamMens 110m hurdles110
Detail reading
1. word building
Root:ann- = year anniversary n. vers = to turnannual adj.
annuity n. biannual adj. bi- = twobiennial adj. centennial adj.
cent = hundredgrat- = to pleasegrateful adj. ungrateful adj.
gratitude n. (-itude = )congratulate v. con- = togethersuffix-y
bloodydreamyfoggy cloudyworthygreedygreenyicypicy adj. spicec =
bushy adj. en, earthen adj. golden adj. leaden adj.
woodenwool(l)en
2. Words and phrases
intimidating (Para.1) making you feel worried and less
confidentex-Soviet (Para.1)ex- = formrer and still livingship
sb.out (Para.1) send sb. a long wayBut Nikolai he was, Petrovich
and all. (Para.2)Meaning: But anyway, he was Nikolai Petrovich
Anikin, and nobody else.next to (Para.2) besidein ones presence
(Para.2) in the same place as someone elsepromising (Para.4)
showing signs of being successful in the future.by no means
(Para.4) not at all There were countless training sessions full of
pain and more than a few tears, (Para.5)Meaning: I really went
through a lot of painful training sessions which made me shed
tearscount on (Para.5) depend on
I am practice, practice, practice in the stadium.
(Para.6)Meaning: I pracrice all the time in the stadium.cut 1-1/2
mimutes off my time (Para.6) Meaning: reduced my time by one and a
half munitesRomantic and otherwise, Nikolai knew love.
(Para.9)Meaning: No matter Nikolai was romantic or not, he
understood what love was.He never babied me.Meaning: He never
spoiled me.massive (Para.10) seriousquite fatigued (Para.10) very
exhaustedcome upon (Para.10) meet someone or find sth. by
chanceapproximately (Para.10) about, nearlyindifferent to (Para.11)
showing little care aboutpacked 10 of us (Para.11) arranged 10 of
us staymade quick work with our spoons (Para.12) had our breakfast
quickly with take much notice of (Para.13) pay attention toHe saved
his passion for skiing. (Para.13)Meaning: He didnt show strong
feelings except in skiing.Billion times you make motion then be
perfect. (Para.18)Meaning: You must be patient and make the
movement many times before itll be perfect.miss the cut
(Para.19)This is a term in golf which means fail to hit the golf
ball into the hole. Here in our text, it means fail to be selected
to take part in the reflect on (Para.20) think deeply about;
consider carefullynot the least of which was a quiet, indissoluble
bond with a short man in a tropical shirt. (Para.20)Meaning: one
important gain was the close and lasting relationship with my coach
Nikolai.in advance (Para.20) before a particular date or event
3. Typical Expressions for Narrating
In Unit 3 of Book 1, typical expressions for narration have been
discussed and figured out. How about those in this text?
but on one occasion
One February day
Once,
When coaching
Last Summer,
4. Chinese to English
ex-Soviet
in his presence
lower his voice
wedding anniversary
baby
bachelor
frown
Ive-told-you-a-billion-times
tone
4. Structure Analysis
A general statement + specific details;
A general statement + reasons;
A general statement + specific details plus reasons;
A general statement + one specific + detailed example;
A general statement + a list of items
5. Assignment:
1) Do the Exercises of Section A
2) Write a paragraph about compute problem.
3) Preview Section B of Unit 1, including reading skills, the
passage and the related exercises.
Unit 3
I. Objectives1.Skills: 1) Reading: read for recognizing
differences between facts and opinions2) Writing: a paragraph of
denial of some opinions followed by some other opinions
3) Listening: understand passages talking about the mixed
marriage
4) Speaking: telling the stories of the famous people who are
married to a person from a different culture or nation.
2. Vocabulary development:1)Words: tolerance, compromise,
subtle, illusion, mutual, overlook, resistance, supportive,
counsel, subsequently, harbor, prejudice, confirm, hesitate,
proceed
2)Expressions: ups and downs, work out, for a time, meet with,
all long, have nothing to do with, at ones worst, be involved with
, go through
3) Sentence patterns1) upon/on + doing/noun
2) make it clear that 3) If II. Teaching arrangement
1.Total class time for this unit: 8 periods
2. Suggested arrangement:1) pre-reading activities:
15-20'2)understanding the structure of text A: 25-30'3) detailed
study of the language: 45'4) writing skills: 15'
5) text summary 106) exercises: 20'7) reading skills: 15'8)
detailed study of of text B: 45'
9) comprehensive exercises: 30'10) supplementary reading and
vocabulary exercises: 45'11) listeningspeaking : 90'
Section A Marriage Across Nations
1. Pre-reading
1. 1 Background information
racism: the belief that race accounts for differences in human
character or ability and that a particular race is superior to
others.
Racism in America
In the US, racism is a well known issue. From racial profiling
()to other issues such as affirmative action, police brutality
against minorities and the history of slavery and the rising
resentment against immigrants.
1. 2 Topic-related listening / video
1. 3 Topic-related discussion:
1) Look at these photos of some celebrities. Can you recognize
them?
2) Do you know something about their families?
Answer for 1 &2: Wei Wei () s husband is a famous Swedish
composer. Echos() husband is a Spanish professional diver. Maggies
()is a wealthy Frenchman. And Jiang Wens () wife is French, too.
Their marriages can be called marriages across nations.
3) What do you call such marriages?
Marriage across the nationsmixed marriage.
4) Do you want to follow suit? Why and why not? ()
2. While-reading
2. 1 Global reading
2. 1. 1 Understanding the major details of the text
1) In what ways are Gails and her fathers views different?
The strong-willed daughter thought doubt meant no action; she
would rather act now and worry later while her father reminded her
it was never too late to change her mind.
2) How did Gails father and mother react to the news about the
wedding plans?
Gails mother supported her though she advised her to be sure of
marrying for the right reason.. But her father thought Mark might
be using this marriage to obtain United States citizenship.
3) What did Mark and Gail learn from their racial and cultural
differences?
They learned a great deal about tolerance, compromise and being
open with each other.
2. 1. 2 Understanding the organization of the text
Main idea of the text
Gail and Mark decided to marry despite their racial and cultural
differences after being together for two years and getting to know
each other better, but the plan met with opposition from the girls
parents.
Division of the text
Division of the text
Part I (Paras.1-4)
Gail and Mark decided to marry after being together for two
years to get to know each other better and learn to take a
realistic view on a mixed marriage.
Part II (Paras.5-9)
Their planned marriage met with Gails mothers resistance, who
reminded her to be very certain that Mark was the right life-long
partner, though she did not oppose their plan because of his
color.
Part III (Paras.10-21)
Gails fathers reaction to their planned marriage. He quoted
statistics and gave examples to persuade his daughter to change her
mind.
2. 2 Detailed reading
2. 2. 1 Words and Phrases
1) imagined (L.1)
We imagine a quiet holiday at home for this summer after a busy
year. v. think of sth. as possible
She couldnt imagine living in a small town like this. ( v. form
a mental amage of sth.)
Can you imagine what it would be like to live without
electricity?
I cant imagine anyone cares what I do.
Imagine a few people sitting in a waiting room.v. (Unit 4-B,
Book I)
2) compromise (L.6)
He asked $1,500 for his old car, but I thought it was only worth
$1,000. We finally reached a compromise and I paid $1,250.n.
150010001250
Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems
to be no possibility of compromise.
3) involved (L.7)
He was involved with working out a plan. v.
If I were you, I wouldnt get involved in their problems. (v.
)
You have involved yourself into the crime.
It is said that many experts are involved in the research into
human brain
4) hold (L.9)
Let's see what the future holds. v.
Life holds many surprises for us.
5mutual (L.10)
Their working well together was based on mutual respect, trust
and understanding. a.
Lynn and Phil met through a mutual friend. a.
6) work out (L.15) How the situation will eventually work out
only time can tell. ()
Can you work out what these coded messages mean? ( )
Things will work out well if you will just be patient.
The map is wrong, I cant work out where we are.
City plannersthe people who design neighborhoodshave begun to
work on a solution.Unit 2-B, Book 2
Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. (Unit
1-A, Book II)
7) counseled (L.24)
The school is now providing a service to counsel students. v.
advise
He counseled them to give up the plan. counsel sb to do sth
She counseled them not to accept his explanation.
8) date (L.26)
She has been dating him for several months, but it is still not
very serious.v.
I'll date Nancy for the dance.
9) subsequentlyL.27
They subsequently heard he had left the country. (ad. later,
following)
Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. (Unit
1-A, Book II)
subsequent ;following ;latter ;next .
The old school was sold and subsequently turned into a private
house.
.The following articles have been chosen to be the candidates
for the prize.
I found the latter part of the story more interesting.
Mr. Grey lived next door to us when we were in London.
10) harbored (L.28)
Tiffanys been harboring spite against our boss ever since her
transfer was refused.v.
The girl still harbored the idea of going abroad
11) at ones worst (L.39)
She was always optimistic, even when things were at their
worst.
at ones best: ;The flowers are at their best in Spring.
Chaplin was at his best playing the little tramp.
12) confirm (L.40)
The announcements confirmed that the election would take place
on June 20th. v. prove (a report, an opinion, etc.) true or
correct620
71Id like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the
first of July. (v. make certain)
13) suspected (L.46)
I suspect the truth of her statement. v. doubt; mistrust
doubt ( be uncertain)whetherif thatsuspect think likelythat
Please compare the following two sentences:
We suspect that he is ill. ()
We doubt that he is ill. ()
I suspect the truth of her statement.
We _______ the dog is lost; it always returns home on time. a.
doubt b. suspect
Key: b
I dont _______ he will succeed in his career. a. doubt b.
suspect Key: a
14) take care of (L.50)
You prepare the main course and Ill take care of dessert. ( be
responsible for/ deal with)
Take care to lock the door when you leave.
She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments
and materials were accounted for during an operation.Unit 10-A,
Book IObviously Julie knew she was dealing with someone with low
mental power.(Unit 6-C, Book I)
15) proceeded (L.54)
Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make
critical comments about the way Id done it. v.
The interview proceeded in a most friendly environment.
2. 2. 2 Sentence Patterns:
1) Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so
involved with the radicial issue, (L.6)
sb. sometimes wonder why
I sometimes wonder why some people always believe money can
talk.
They sometimes wondered why the government was slow in doing
something about the pollution problem.
2) Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news, Deborah
counseled Gail to be really sure she was doing the right thing.
(L.24)
upon/on + doing/noun ;upon/on
Upon hearing the news that he was admitted by the university, he
began to make plans for his future.
Upon entrance of the players, all the fans began to cheer.
3) In fact, he made it very clear when we were discussing
marriage that if I had any doubts about anything, I should not
hesitate to cancel our plans. (L.51)
make it clear that
We should all make it clear that success comes from
diligence.
The survey makes it clear that lung cancer is closely associated
with heavy smoking.
4. ..if I had any doubt about anything, I should not hesitate to
cancel our plan(L.52)
If, Sb
If you had not been to the party last night, you would not have
seen the movie star.
If you acted upon my advice, everything would work out well.
If
If
(be were)
should, would, could, might +
had+
should, would, could, might + have +
were to/should+
should, would, could, might +
Note:(1) should(2) were, had, shouldif(3)
Practice:
(1) If the whole operation ______ beforehand, a great deal of
time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. were not planned
D. had not been planned
(2) Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that
if she ______ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends
very often
.A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D.could have got
(3) If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you
fell, you ______ now.
A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D.
didnt smile
(4) Some women ______ a good salary in a job instead of staying
home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have
made
(5)_______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should
have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving
D. Were they to arrive
2. 3 Guided writing
A paragraph of Denial of Some Opinions Followed Some Other
Opinions
One of the common ways to present opinions or arguments is first
to reject or correct some opinions or arguments and then on the
basis of that, we have the opinions or arguments that are intended
to be conveyed.
In Passage A. the writer uses one of the common ways to present
ones opinion. The structure can be described in the following
chart.
Lets look Paragraph 7 of Passage A as an exampleP66:
Structures for writing:
1) Some people think/ thought(because.).
2) But I dont quite agree with.(but this viewpoint cannot arouse
any echo in my mind).
3) In my mind,. because .. firstly ., secondly. then.(as a
result)
For your practice:
What Attitude Should We Take to Money
(1) (2)
Reference model:
With the arrival of market-based economy, money is becoming more
and more important in our life. Therefore, many people come to
believe that money is above everything else in their life. But
their belief could not arouse any echo in my mind. In my mind,
money is nothing but a means to an end. It is true that without
money we cannot do many things such as buying food and clothes, but
it cannot buy health and happiness and even a day of joy. Secondly,
it cannot buy diplomas or knowledge as well. And whats more, laying
too much emphasis on money will lead one to make money by all means
and even doing some crimes.
3. Post-reading
3. 1 Useful expressions
1) ; ups and downs (L.2);
2) confront the weaknesses and strengths of each others characte
(L.3);
3) be involved with the racial issue (L.7);
4) the subtler forms of racial hatred (L.8);
5) .have illusion about(L.10)
6) mutual trust and respect (L.12);
7) overlook serious personality conflicts (L.16);
8) go through bitter and painful divorce (L.19);
9) meet with some resistance (L.21);
10) harbor reservations about a mixed marriage (L.29);
11) Time will confirm what we feel deeply about each other.
(L.43);
12) waiting wont hurt. (L.45);
13) not hesitate to cancel the plans (L.58)
3. 2 Summary of the text
Summarize the passage using the tips below.
1) experiencing
2) ups and downs of a couple
3) avoid the mistake
4) tolerance, compromise
5) despite their racial and cultural difference
6) supportive
7) suspect thatobtaincitizenship
8) illustratedivorce rates
9) rushing into marriage
Suggested answer:
Mark, a Black, and his girlfriend Gail decided to marry him
after being together for two years, experiencing the usual ups and
downs of a couple, learning to know, understand and respect each
other. They tried to avoid the mistake made by many couples of
marrying for the wrong reasons, only to learn more about tolerance,
compromise and being open with each other despite their racial and
cultural differences.
However, Gails mother, who had all along supportive of their
relationship, counseled Gail to be really certain she was doing the
right thing. Gails father even went so far as to suspect that Mark
might be using this marriage to obtain United States citizenship.
He quoted statistics and gave examples to illustrate the higher
divorce rates and possible problems existing in mixed couples to
warn Gail that she was rushing into marriage without thinking
carefully about it.
3.3 Assignmenst:
1) Finish all the exercises related to Section A of Unit 3.
2) Preview Section B, including reading skills, the passage and
the related exercises.
3) Written work: Write a paragraph about What Attitude Should We
Take to Money
(1)
(2)
4) Oral Exercise: Paragraph recitationParagraph 4 of Section
A.
Section B Rich Meeting His Future Mother-in-law
1. Reading skills: Recognizing Differences between Facts and
OpinionsMost reading passages contain ideas based on fact and
opinion. It is very important to know when we are reading facts and
when we are reading a writers opinion. The ability to recognize
differences between fact and opinion can help us to achieve a
deeper level of understanding in our reading.
Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what
really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct
evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observing.
Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A: Her
mother, Deborah, all along had been supportive of our relationship,
and even joked about when we were going to get married so she could
have grandchildren. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) This
sentence tells us about a past state of affairs: certainly it is a
fact.
Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They
show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Some words can
serve as clues to statements of some kinds of opinion.
For example, probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on
occasion are used to limit a statement of fact and to indicate the
possibility of other opinions. Other words, such as I believe, I
think, in my opinion, I feel, I suggest, say clearly that an
opinion will follow. Look at the following examples:
1) Im sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about
each other. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 3)
2) Maybe our children will have some problems, but whose
children dont?(Para. 18, Reading Passage A, Unit 3)
3) When we met I saw him as my beloved, intelligent, charming,
and caring. (Para. 7, Reading Passage A, Unit 3) But it is not
always easy to tell opinion from fact. A writer often combines the
two in such a way that we do not always notice where fact ends and
opinion begins. When we have fact and opinion combined in a single
statement, we must decide whether the major clause or main point of
the sentence is essentially fact or opinion. Sometimes an opinion
is presented as if it were a fact:
Look at the following example taken from Reading Passage A:
But one thing theyll always have: our love and devotion. (Para.
18, ReadingPassage A, Unit 3) On the surface it is a statement of
fact, but actually it is a statement of opinion-- a promise,
something yet to be realized in the future.
2. Text Reading
A. Understanding the text: first ask students to read though the
whole text, then do Exercise on P74.
B.Intensive study of the text: explain some difficult words and
phrases and sentence patterns.
1) came up with (L.1)
I hope you can come up with a better plan than that.()
The airline has come up with a novel solution to the problem of
jet lag.
Very few scientists completely new answers to the worlds
problems.
A. come up with B. come out C. come round D. come up to
2) win over (L.1)
She is against the idea, but Im sure I can win her over. ()
The lawyer won over the jury by his moving defense.
the country must still convert millions more to the idea of
birth contro if it is to reach its population targets. (Unit 2-A,
Book II)
3) cubing (L.10)slicing (L.10)chopping (L.13)
cube v. Cube the vegetables.The beets we had for supper were
cubed instead of sliced. slice v. ()I sliced the bread.
.Slice the meat instead of cubing it.
chop v. Please chop the onion up.
5) Most of the diseased trees were chopped down last year.
6) ingredients (L.12)
There is a list of ingredients on the side of the packet. (n.
)
Flour and fat are the most important ingredients when making
this cake.
7) concerning (L.16)
a letter concerning your complaints (prep. about);
If you have any information concerning the recent event at the
station, please contact the police.
The government promises it will protect the region's native
people, but questions remain as to its true level of commitment.
(Unit 2-A, Book II)
Occasionally, usually around their anniversary, they would bring
up the old curiosity regarding Aunt Esther Gubbins. (Unit 6-A, Book
I).
8) anticipateL.18
In business, youve got to anticipate how your competitors will
act. (v. expect )
I anticipate great pleasure from my visit to Paris
anticipate + that /doing; expect + that /obj. +to do sth./ to do
sth.
look forward to + n./ doing
(1) The doctors dont that he will live longer. 1. anticipate
(2) He having a good time on the weekend. 2.looks forward to
(3) I didnt meeting any objection. 3.anticipate
(4) Nobody the strike to succeed. 4.expected
(5) She to be home after lunch. 5.expects
7) compelled (L.30)
We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should. v. make
sb. do sth.; force
I felt morally compelled to help.
The rain compelled us to stay indoors.
compel & forceforce compelcompelcompel sb. to do sth.
We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should. force
force sb. to do sth.force sb. into doing sth.The robber force him
to hand (into handing) over the money.
8behalf (L.30)
on behalf of/ on ones behalf
On behalf of my husband and myself I thank you. (n. interest,
side )
Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his
behalf.
9) clue (L43)
Police are still looking for clues in their search for the
missing girl. n.
Im never going to guess the answer if you dont give me a clue.
n.
10) cue (L49)
The time had come to say good night. At mothers cue, we all went
upstairs.(n. )
Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.
11) somehow (L53)
We must stop him from seeing her somehow.(ad. in some way; by
some means)
I had remembered putting my wallet in my pocket, but somehow I
could not find it when I wanted to pay for the goods. .(ad. for a
reason that is unknown)
12) hit it off (L57)
Do you hit it off with your husbands mother? I didnt really hit
it off with his friends.
Fortunately Jones and his new employer hit it off from the very
beginning.
C. Practice: Do vocabulary exercise on P76.
3. Assignments:
1) Review the whole unit, and learn key words and phrases by
heart.
2) Preview Unit 4.
Listening and speaking parts (omitted).
Unit 4
Section A A Test of True Love
I. Teaching Objectives
1. Skills
1) reading: reading for the key idea in a sentence
2) writing: how to present a point of view supported by
reasons
3) listening: understanding the passages, listening for the main
idea and the important details, learning to take notes while
listening
4) speaking: asking how to do something, asking for examples,
explaining procedures of doing something and giving examples
2.Vocabulary development:1) words: digital, eyesight, volunteer,
identical, departure, destination, overseas, aboard, cargo,
territory, deck, decrease, nourish, decline, objection, forbid,
connection, spectacular, fancy, fossil, patch, vanish, fog,
compress, cement, warmth, resist, highway2) expressions: without
fail, as long as, be free to do something, right away, more than(+
adj.), be thankful for
3. Grammar:1) word building: suffix ness and suffix -y2) usage
of it as the normal subject 3) a conjunction of adverbial clause of
condition: as long as
II. Teaching arrangement
1. Total class time for this unit: 8 periods
2. Suggested arrangement:1) pre-reading activities: 15-20'2)
understanding the structure of text A: 25-30'3) detailed study of
the language: 45'4) writing skills: 15'
5) text summary 106) exercises: 20'7) reading skills: 15'8)
detailed study of text B: 45'
9) comprehensive exercises: 30'
10) supplementary reading and vocabulary exercises: 45'
11) listeningspeaking: 90
III. Detailed Study of the Text
1. Group discussion:
1) The love story that impressed me most.
2) The best age for a person to begin date.
3) What is your expectation to your future spouse?
2. The structure analysis:
Part I (Para. 1) John Blandford, a tall young army officer,
standing at a station, focused his eyesight on the exact time: six
minutes to six. He was waiting for a woman never seen before, who
had filled a special place in his life and whose written words had
given him strength.
Part II (Para. 2-3) The woman was Hollis Meynell who wrote him
letters wishing him safety and courage and giving him support.
Before he went into battle, he read her letter to him again and
again. (Para. 2)
For 13 months, she had written to him even when not getting his
letters of reply. During war time, her letters gave him courage to
survive. Gradually, he believed he loved her, and she loved him.
(Para. 3)
Part III (Para. 4) John Blandford asked her for a photo, but
Hollis Meynell declined his request, saying that he could make his
decision when they met in New York.
Part IV (Paras. 5-7) One minute to six, John Blandford saw a
young woman coming toward him. She was beautiful, just like
springtime coming alive. Instinctively he moved toward her, without
noticing that she was not wearing a rose which was supposedly
agreed between them before.
Part V (Paras. 8-9) Suddenly the young woman addressed him,going
my way, soldier?Uncontrollably, he made one step closer to her.
Then he saw Hollis Meynell.
Part VI (Para. 10) Surprisingly, she was the woman standing
behind the beautiful girl, a woman well past forty, just like a
fossil to his young eyes, with patches of gray hair and with her
thick legs shaking. But she was the woman who wore a red rose on
her coat.
Part VII (Para. 11) With the young beautiful girl vanished, he
was of two minds: his strong desire to follow the young woman and
his deep longing to meet the woman whose spirit had truly brought
warmth to him. Now here he found the woman he expected to meet was
standing before him: Her face was gentle and intelligent and her
gray eyes had a warm, kindly look.
Part VIII (Paras. 12-13) Blandford resisted the urge to follow
the younger woman. He took out the book which was to identify him
to Hollis Meynell. He believed it would be something precious,
something perhaps even less common than love--a friendship for
which he had been, and would always be, thankful. He held the book
out toward the woman.
Part IX (Para. 14) Blandford was so glad that he invited the
woman to dinner. The old woman told him that she didn't know what
this was all about. She was wearing the rose out of the request
from the young lady who just passed by. And the old woman said, "If
you asked me to go out with you, I should tell you that she's
waiting for you in that big restaurant near the highway. It was
some kind of a test."
3. Words and phrases
1) without failwith complete certainty
Be here at 8 oclock sharpwithout fail
Ill bring you that book next timewithout fail
2) volunteerv. offer to do something without being paid
volunteer for the Navy
She volunteered to clean the room
n[C]a person who offers to do something without being paid
After the partymany young men stayed behind as volunteers to
clean the place
One of the volunteers died in the fight against the flood
3) had received the identical book from the woman(Para2)
identicalaexactly the same
Your fingerprint cant be identical to mine
She recognized the bracelet as the identical one she had
lost
This is the identical book I returned to the library last
week
4) And while they all got strength from itand appreciated her
support of their causeJohn Blandford was the only person to write
MsMeynell back(Para2)
Meaning: and although John and his friends all got strength from
her letter and felt thankful for her support of their causeonly he
wrote a letter to her in reply
whileconjalthough
While he is poorhe is honest
While(he is)respectedhe is not liked
write backwrite a letter in reply
He wrote back accepting our offer
She writes me back from time to timetelling me how she lives in
Russia
5) On the day of his departureto a destination overseas where he
would fight in the warhe received her reply(Para2)
Meaning: On the day when he was leaving for a foreign land where
he would fight in the war, he received a letter of reply from
her.
departuren an act of leaving a place
The house was quiet againafter the noise of their departure
His departure for France increased her sense of frustration
overseasadin or to a country across the seaabroad
This is the Presidents first visit overseas since taking
office
Jane goes overseas in early summer for a holiday
acoming from or happening abroad
We have done a lot to build up overseas markets for our
textiles
There are more and more overseas students in China in recent
years
6) decreasen. the process of becoming less
There has been a 6decrease in his income6
There has been a decrease in the number of young people out of
work
vbecome less in sizeamountstrengthetc
The population growth in that city is decreasing by 1.5each
year1.5
There is no sign that house price will decrease
7) During the difficult days of war, her letters nourished him
and gave him courage(Para3)
Meaning: During the difficult days of war, her letters gave him
strength and courage
Herethe verb nourish is used metaphoricallymeaning
maintainencouragestrengthen somethingMore examples
Letters of love only nourished her longing for him
University study nourished his ability to think critically
8) As long as he received letters from her, he felt as though he
could survive. (Para. 3)
Meaning: If he received letters from her, he felt as if he could
go through the war safe and sound.
as long ason condition thatif
You may use the book as you likeas long as you keep it clean
Our profits will be good as long as the US dollar remains
stron9
9) declinevrefuse a request or offer, usually politely
We had to decline the invitation to visit our friends in another
city
The football Star declined to answer the reporters question
videcrease in amountqualityor importance
The number of staff has declined from 12,000 to 10,000
l.2l
Her health has been declining these past months
na reduction in the amount or quality of something
The birth rate is on the decline
There has been a sharp decline in profits this year
10) objectionn a statement that shows one disagrees with
something
Some managers have raised objection to laying off too many
employees
Linda has no objection to her daughters idea about her future
career
11) Either wayI would forbid myself from loving you(Para4)
Meaning: In either situation, I would keep myself from loving
you.
forbidvtnot allow
You are forbidden to leave before I come back
The old lady forbade her daughter to marry that poor young
man
This verb can also be used in the structure forbid someone from
doing something
Another example
Women are strictly forbidden from entering that area
12) be free to do sthbe able to act as one wants
You are totally free to choose your own course
During the holiday we are free to do what we like
13) One minute to sixBlandfords heart leaped(Para5)
MeaningThe time was one minute to six oclock (i.e. the time of
the scheduled meeting was very near)Blandford was so excited that
his heart beat fast
14) right awayat onceimmediately
I'm coming right away
I recognized his voice right away
15) In her fancy green suit she was like springtime come alive.
(Para. 6)
Meaning: She wore a fine, brightly-colored green suit and her
appearance reminds people of the spring.
Note here come alive is the writers language styleGrammatically
speaking, it should be coming alive
fancyahaving a lot of decoration or bright
I dont like his paintingsThey are too fancy for me
n. a feeling of liking someone or something
I have taken a fancy to that hat
He seems to have taken quite a fancy to his English teacherhes
always hanging around her
vt. want something or want to do something
I just fancied a drink
I really fancy going for a swim
I think he has always fancied a car like this
16) He started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that
she wasnt wearing a roseand as he moveda smallwarm smile formed on
her lips(Para. 7)
Meaning: He walked closer to her, completely forgetting to see
that she wasnt wearing a rose (as she was supposed to be). When he
walked toward her, a small warm smile appeared on her lips.
From the sentence we can infer that the two of them had agreed
that the women would wear a rose when they met so that the man
could identify her
17) Going my waysoldier? she asked(Para8)
Meaning: Are you going in the same direction that I am
goingsoldier? she asked
18) She was standing almost directly behind the girla woman well
past fortyand a fossil to his young eyesher hair sporting patches
of gray(Para. 10)
The woman who he thought was Hollis Meynell was standing just
behind the girlThe womanin her fortieswas quite old in his young
eyes and she had patches of gray hair
Here the word sport means wear something or have hair in a
particular styleSee two more examples
He sported a collarless jacket
He was heavily-built and sported a red moustache
19) She was more than father thick legs shook as they
moved(Para10)
Meaning: She was very fat, so her thick legs shook as they
moved.
more thanvery
This expression is often followed by an adjective to show that
the adjective itself is not adequate enough to modify the
subject
More examples
As to his colleaguesthey are more than good
I am more than a little interested in translation
20) vanishvidisappear or go suddenly out of sight
He just vanished and was never seen again
My hopes vanished
21) Blandford felt as though his heart was being compressed into
a small cement ball(Para. 11)
Meaning: Blandford was so disappointed that he felt his heart
was turning into a small cement ball
22) longingn. a strong feeling of wanting somethingstrong
wish
The young writer has a strong longing for fame
He frustrated her longing to study abroad
23) resistvtprevent oneself from doing something
I cant resist the urge to go home early
The man was shot as he tried to resist arrest
24) His fingers held the book she had sent to him before he went
off to the war, which was to identify him to Hollis Meynell(Para1
2)
Meaning: He tightly held the book which Hollis Meynell sent to
him before he went off to the warThe book was to show Hollis
Meynell that he was the soldier she was to meet
25) be thankful forbe grateful for
I am very thankful to my parents for what they have done for me
these years
She was thankful to her neighbors for their help in time of
trouble
4. After reading task
1) To do exercises of Comprehension of the Text on Page 82 and
83.
2) To summarize Text A.
IV. Assignments:
1. Reviewing Section A and trying to finish all the
exercises;
2. Previewing Section B.
Section B Love Under the Nazis
I. Background Information
1. A Nazi is a member of the National Socialist German Workers'
Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933
under Adolf Hitler. Often a Nazi is an adherent or advocate of
policies characteristic of Nazism, which requires from its members
supreme devotion to the German government--the Third Reich.
Nationalism, racism, totalitarianism, anti-Semitism and
anti-communism are strong trends within Nazi thought. The Nazis
fought World War II to spread their principles worldwide but were
defeated.
2. A concentration camp is a place for assembling and confining
political prisoners and enemies of a nation. It is particularly
associated with the rule of the Nazis in Germany, who used
concentration camps to confine millions of Jews as a group to be
dispelled from the German nation. Gypsies, homosexuals, and other
persons considered undesirable according to Nazi principles, or who
opposed the government, were also placed in concentration camps and
eventually executed in large groups.
II. Detailed Study of the Text
1. from day to day: in a way that changes quickly or often
The weather is unpredictableit changes from day to day
We had not set a programwe just made our plan from day to
day
2security[U]the state of being protected against dangers or bad
things
Strict security measures were in force during the Presidents
visit
Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bankhe had no more
anxieties about their security
3. mechanicala
1) (of an actionreplyetc. )done without thinking
He was asked the same questions so many times that the answer
became mechanical
2) relating to a machine
a small mechanical device
The train stopped due to a mechanical problem
mechanicallyad(done) in a mechanical manner
These people do their jobs mechanically
The waitress at the gate greeted the guests mechanicallywithout
much warmth
4on occasionsometimes
We went to the cinema on occasion
On occasion we feel like celebrating and have a party
5. take its toll onhave a very bad effect on someone or
something
The hurricane took its toll on the small fishing villages on the
coast
Poor lighting has taken its toll on his eyesight
6. stainv. make a mark on something in a way that is hard to
remove
Dont spill any of that red wineItll stain the carpet
His crimes stained the family honor
Pale carpet stains easily
n[C]a mark that is hard to remove
He tried to remove the black stains on the shirt by washing
it
The blood had left a stain on his shirt
7. cling to
1) continue to believe or do somethingeven though it may not be
true or useful any longer
He clung to the hope that she would be cured
They cling to their social values
2) hold tightly to
The frightened child clung to his mother
Crossing the bridgeshe felt dizzy and clung to the rails
8. be/get/become accustomed to(doing) sthbe/get/become used
to(doing) something
It took her some time to get accustomed to being the only lady
in the office
Have you been accustomed to his way of thinking?
?
9. lose controlno longer have control over oneself
After hearing his words I lost all control and hit him
The driver lost control of his car when driving over the
bridge
10. a far cry fromcompletely different from something else
All this poverty today in his life was a far cry from the luxury
of his childhood
The first automobile could runbut it was a far cry from a modern
car
11. have sthin commonshare interestscharacteristicsetc
John and I have nothing in common
Real friends should have much in common
12specifyv. state something in an exact and detailed way
He hasnt specified what action he would take in response to
their behavior
The designer specified the size of bricks to be used
13. on earth(used with what, who, howetcto add emphasis to
questions) ever
What on earth do you mean? ?
Why on earth are you studying Greek? ?
14. embracevhold somebody into ones arms in a friendly or loving
way
He jumped up and embraced his lawyer with both arms
vtinclude something as part of a subject
The word culture embraces both artistic and sociological aspects
of a society
III. Assignments
1. Do the exercises of Section B;
2. Summarize Text B;
3. Preview Unit 5.
Unit Five
Content:
Section A: Weeping for My Smoking Daughter
Section B: Stop Spoiling Your Children
Time Allotment
1. Periods 12Section A
A) General comprehension of the text B) Structure analysis CKey
words and sentences
2. Periods 34Section A
A) Language points B) Essay summary C) Exercises coming after
the text
3.Periods56
A) Reading skill: understanding figurative language
B) Vocabulary and language points in Section B; C)
Assignments
4.Period 7-8:
Listening and speaking practice
Teaching Objectives
For Section A
The students should be able to learn that Reading Passage A is
about smoking problems and effects especially with the younger
generation.
1. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text.
2. understand the structure of cause-and-effect writing.
3. write a cause-and effect essay.
4. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in
the text.
For Section B
1. Understand figurative language
2. Learn to create a more positive parents-children
relationship.
3. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing
activities related to the theme of the unit.
Key Points:
1. Structure of the passage (Cause and effect)
2. Expressions: couple with; be hooked by/on; direct at; starve
of.
Structure: Non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by
which.
Difficult Points:
Understanding of figurative language
Teaching Methods:
Group discussion and asking-and-answering question
Periods 12
Section A: Weeping for My Smoking Daughter
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up discussion and introduction
Discussion questions:
1. What are your feelings toward your parents? What kind of
person are they?
group talk and individual report
2. We owe our parents a lot. What should we do to repay their
love? What shouldnt we do to make them upset?
3. Whats your viewpoint of cigarette smoking?
A. Reasons for smoking: to relax and refresh themselveslook
mature and cool; as an escape from poor realityimitate the other
smoking family membersfor rebel
B. Harms of smoking:
1).do harm to the smokers health
(a.Cigarettes contain over 4,000 harmful chemicals.
b.On average, one cigarette can shorten your life for five
minutes.)
2).do harm to the health of those around the smoker
3).waste of money
4.)fire hazard
Step 2: Introductory remarks:
This passage well read today is mainly about a mothers worry
about her smoking daughter. When seeing her daughter smoke heavily,
the author as a mother can do nothing but weep. Her weeping is
attributed to a bitter lesson she learned from her painful
experiences with her fathers smoking. Through years she had to sit
by, seeing her father breathe hard at first, then cough a lot, and
eventually die from lung trouble. In the Third World countries, the
author gains a further view into the fact that smoking makes the
poor even poorer and weaker. So she feels deeply hurt to watch many
people like her daughter following in her fathers steps. She hopes
her fathers fate will be a lesson to all.
Step 3:
Read the new words in Section A
Background Information:
Camel Camel is the brand name of a kind of cigarette.The
University of Iowa Department of Communication Studies conducted a
study that explores the R. J. Reynolds Advertising Campaigns for
Camel Cigarettes and their early use of the cartoon character, Joe
Cool Camel to attract young people. It includes some discussion of
the court case that resulted in this character being thrown out and
replaced by an ordinary camel.
Both Marlboro and Players are brand names of cigarettes
manufactured by Philips Morris. The companys website provides an
overview of the company, its products and its marketing policies,
and discusses various tobacco issues such as health, youth smoking
and environment.
Prince Albert Prince Albert (18191861) was the husband of Queen
Victoria of Great Britain. This is also the name of a kind of
British tobacco.
Queen Victoria Queen Victoria (18191901) was queen of Great
Britain and Ireland (18371901) and empress of India. Her rule was
the longest in English history.
Hollywood Hollywood is the centre of the U.S. movie industry. In
terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the
City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the
Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.
Third World Third World refers to the technologically less
advanced or developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin
America.
A battered womens shelter A battered womens shelter is a safe
place for women and children to escape from violent
relationships.
Step 4: Text structure analysis and detailed study
The passage can be divided into 3 parts:
Part I (Para.1)
A. Main idea: I feel severely hurt at my daughters smoking.
B. Major writing technique: Detail depiction
In this part, the writer uses very specific words to depict
details, which makes the writing exact, vivid, effective and
impressive. Lets listen to the recording of this part and please
underline the words or expressions to show details.
A typical sentence:
My daughter smokes: While she is doing her homework, her feet on
the bench in front of her and her calculator clicking out answers
to her geometry problems, I am looking at the half-empty package of
Camels tossed carelessly close at hand. Para.1
Analysis: At the beginning of this part, the writer first tells
the readers that my daughter smokes, then she begins to describe
how she smokes while doing her homework, which can be said to be
very casual, implying that it has been the daughters habit to do
this and she does not care whether this is harmful to her health or
not.
C. Intensive study
1.her feet on the bench in front of her: The expression
describes the behavior or a little, minor event which goes together
with the major event in the clause.
e.g. The man sat in the front row, his hands on the table.
This type of expression can be rewritten by adding with or by
using the and + finite verb structure. The above example can be
rewritten as follows: The man sat in the front row, with his hands
on the table. Or: The man sat in the front row, and his hands were
on the table. Another example:
He fell to the ground, blood streaming from his nose.
2. package
n. [C] parcel of things, packed together
vt. make (sth.) into or put (sth.) in a package, e.g., for
selling
1) She bought a package of cookies. 2) The cookies are packaged
in paper bags.
Their products are always attractively packaged.
Cf. bunch: a number of things tied together
e.g. a package of cigarettes / peas/ towels
a bunch of keys / flowers/bananas/grapes/newspapers
The officer received a mysterious package yesterday.
3. ... tossed carelessly close at hand. (Para.1)
Meaning: ... thrown carelessly near her.
(close) at hand: within reach; near
When Betty writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand.
Fortunately there was someone at hand, so we asked him to
deliver the message at once.
This phrase can also be used figuratively to refer to time,
meaning: near in time. The final examination is (close) at
hand.
4. pick up: lift something or somebody up from a surface
I picked up the telephone and dialed her number.
The student turned over to the police the wallet he had picked
up in the street.
The woman picked the baby up in her arms and held it tight.
Cf. I picked up French while I worked in France
I promised I would pick up Jennie on my way to school.
5. theyre filtered, for which I am grateful. (Para.1)
prep.+ which (The word which is used here to refer back to the
idea expressed by the whole previous clause.)The hero saved the
childs life, for which the mother was grateful.
He went through a red light, for which he was fined $50.
The police arrived, after which the situation became calmer.
6. I do weep a little do is used in this affirmative sentence
for contrastive emphasis.
e.g. 1) I dont have much contact with my family. I do see my
mother sometimes, though.
2) ----Did you really lock the door before we left?
----I know I am forgetful, but I did remember locking the door
before we left
7. I hardened myself against feeling so bad; ...
Meaning: ... I made myself become less sympathetic and less
easily affected emotionally;
harden: v. 1) make someone less conscious of; (cause sb. to)
become stronger, severe, unkind, or lacking in human feelings He
became hardened to the suffering around him.
For her own good, Lisa hardened her heart against Aunt
Janet.
As the war progressed, attitudes on both sides hardened.
Rough living in the desert hardened the young men a lot.
2) (cause sth. to) become hard, strong, etc. The food hardens as
it cools.
Part II (Paras. 2-5)
A. Main idea: I recall how my father was hooked and eventually
killed by cigarettes.
B. Major writing techniques:
Detail depiction. Typical sentences:
1). How my father was hooked to smoke. But before he smoked
cigarettes made by manufacturerswhen he was very young and very
poor, with glowing eyeshe smoked Prince Albert tobacco in
cigarettes he rolled himself. I remember the bright-red tobacco
tin, with a picture of Queen Victorias partner, Prince Albert,
dressed in a black dress coat and carrying a cane. He never looked
as fashionable as Prince Albert, though; he continued to look like
a poor, overweight, hardworking colored man with too large a
family, black, with a very white cigarette stuck in his mouth.
(Paras. 2, 3)
2). My fathers health is getting worse and worse his breath was
a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without
resting every third or fourth step. It was not unusual for him to
cough for an hour. He had so little breath that, during his last
years, he was always leaning on something. I remembered once, at a
family reunion, when my daughter was two, that my father picked her
up for a minutelong enough for me to photograph thembut the effort
was obvious. Near the very end of his life, and largely because he
had no more lungs, he quit smoking. He gained a couple of pounds,
but by then he was so slim that no one noticed. (Paras. 4, 5)
Cause and effect ---------The writer of the text presents us
with a horrible picture of the harmful effects of smoking, and the
harmful effects are described as a result of the causesmoking.
1) Typical examples:
The cause: I do remember when he started to cough. Perhaps it
was unnoticeable at first, a little coughing in the morning as he
lit his first cigarette upon getting out of bed.
The effects: By the time I was sixteen, my daughters age, his
breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb
stairs without resting every third or fourth step. It was not
unusual for him to cough for an hour. (Para. 4)
2) Ask the class to analyze the cause and effect in Para. 6
In Paragraph 6, the author presents us with an effective
advertisement about a confident or fashionable older man and a
beautiful, worldly young woman, both of them smoking leisurely.
Because of the powerful advertisements, the effects are money
falling into tobacco companies, people starving for food and air
and becoming increasingly weakened and eventually, poisonous
smoking killing people.
The cause: When I travel to Third world countries I see many
people like my father and daughter. There are large advertisement
signs directed at them both:
the tough, confident or fashionable older man, the beautiful,
worldly young woman, both dragging away.
The effects: In these poor countries, as in American inner
cities and on reservations, money that should be spent for food
goes instead to the tobacco companies; over time, people starve
themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking
their children, eventually killing themselves. I read in the
newspaper and in my gardening magazine that the ends of cigarettes
are so poisonous that if a baby swallows one, it is likely to die,
and that the boiled water from a bunch of them makes an effective
insecticide. (Ex.)
C. Intensive Study
8. coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female
heroes smoked like chimneys, (Para.3)
Meaning: ... together with films made in Hollywood in which both
male and female heroes smoked a lot, ...
coupled with: be together with, be along with
The name of Deng Xiaoping is forever coupled with the Chinas
economic reform.
The writer wrote with plain words coupled with humor.
Very high quality, coupled with the relatively low prices, has
made these cars very popular in these countries. (Ex. 5)
both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys, (simile)
9. be hooked on/by: be addicted to
Many students get hooked on computer games.
I am afraid Mike was hooked on that charming young lady.
10. unnoticeable: a. not easily seen or noticed
There was an unnoticeable smile on the girl's face. The
side-effects of the drug are unnoticeable within a short period of
time.
11. upon / on: prep. immediately after the occasion of something
On being introduced to someone, a British person often shakes
hands.
I saw them on my return.
12. not without (Pay attention to the two ways of putting the
expression into Chinese)
I could see nothing without my glasses.
She cannot sleep without taking some sleeping pills.
I cannot go anywhere without being the center of the attention,
said the star.
No one thinks of early rock and roll without thinking of Elvis
Presley, the king of Rock and Roll.
13. It is not unusual for to
Nowadays, it is not unusual for a girl to wear her hair
short.
It is not unusual for the scientist to go to bed at two or three
in the morning. (Ex. 3)
It is not unusual for the temperature here to drop to as low as
-30 in winter.
14. his lung illnesses had left him low. I doubt he had much
lung left at all, (Para.5)
Meaning: his lung illnesses made him very weak.I do not think
that most of his lungs functioned well
My father died from the poor mans friend, pneumonia
(personification)
15. be always doing: something happens again and again in an
annoying way.
The boy is always asking for money.
Why are you always biting your nails?
My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his
keys. (Ex. 1)
16. largely: ad. mainly; to a great degree Their success was
largely due to their shared effort. Some people like pop music and
some others like classical music. Its largely a matter of
taste.
17. He gained a couple of pounds, but by then he was so slim no
one noticed. (Para.5)
Meaning: He became heavier, but by then he was so thin no one
noticed (he had become heavier). slim: a. 1) thin; not fat Sally is
trying to get slim. Shes got a lovely slim figure. 2) not thick a
slim pocket-book 3) not as big as one would like or expect; very
small There are slim hopes of success. They have only a slim chance
of winning.
Part III (Paras. 6)
A. Main idea: I gain a better understanding of the harm of
smoking in the Third World countries a.
B. Major writing techniques: Cause and effect
C. Language points
18 .direct at (L.39)
The English program is directed at preschoolers.
This advertisement is directed mainly at young people in their
early twenties. (Ex. 6)
19. ... both dragging away. (Para. 6)
Meaning: .... both smoking (cigarettes) continuously. drag v.
1). (slang) smoke (a cigarette)
2). move slowly and with effort pull (sb. / sth.) along with
effort and difficulty
The old man dragged along slowly. Or : The old man moved slowly,
dragging his tired feet.
She always drags behind.
away: ad. all the time, continuously They worked away all day. I
heard him pounding away.
20. as in American inner cities and on reservations,
inner city: the area in or near the center of a large city where
people live and where there are often social and economic problems
like a high (usu. poor) population, violence, old buildings in bad
condition, etc. schools in the inner cities
reservation: n. [C] an area of land in the USA set apart by the
federal government for the use of a Native American people
American Indians living on reservations
21... money that should be spent for food goes instead to the
tobacco companies; ... (Para.6)
Meaning: ... money that should be used to buy food is instead
paid to the tobacco companies for cigarettes; go to: be given or
paid to Money raised from the concert will go to organizations that
help people in need.
All our sympathy went to the old man after we knew his
experience.
22. .. over time, people starve themselves of both food and air,
... (Para.6)
Meaning: ... during that period of time (when money that should
be spent for food is paid instead to the tobacco companies for
their cigarettes), people cause themselves to suffer from not
having food to eat and fresh air to breathe in,
starve: v. (cause a person or an animal to) suffer seriously or
die from hunger They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
Shes starving herself to try to lose weight.
Notice that this verb is often used together with the
preposition of. This verb also has the sense of suffering because
of lacking something other than food.
starve sb. of sth. (L.42)
People in this region are starved of drinking water.
The unsuccessful investment in the long-term project starved the
company of funds for further development.
People starved of sleep start to lose focus. The plant was
starved of light and died.
In the poor neighborhoods of the city, there are many
uncared-for young children who suffer from not having parental
love. (are starved of) (Ex. 4)
23.... effectively weakening and hooking their children, ...
(Para.6)
Meaning: effectively making their children weaker and dependent
or relying on cigarettes (in the same way as they are),
24. poison: a. Sth. poisonous
These fruits contain a deadly poison.
v.1) make sb./sth. take in poison ----He tried to poison my
dog.
2)do harm to ----Jealousy poisoned their friendship.
25. make v. serve or function as
Their success makes a good ending to the book.
Cold tea makes a good drink in summer.
Part IV (Paras. 7)
Main idea: I have a feeling of hurt and uselessness at my
daughters smoking.
Key words and Expressions
26. struggle to do 27. die of (cf. die from)
Part V (Paras. 8)
Main idea: I hope people would quit smoking at each family.
28. batter: vt. hit sb. / sth. hard and often; damage, break, or
cause to lose shape by continual hard use or beating
The heavy waves battered the ship to pieces.
The storm battered the trees.
He kept battering at the door.
29. zone: n. [C] an area marked off from others by particular
qualities or activities
----a war zone ----a smokeless zone
----an economic development zone
30. surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous
leaders who own the tobacco companies, is enough.
Meaning: surely one victim of the tobacco industry in my family
means that the prosperous owners of the tobacco companies have won
a victory in my family, but one such victim is enough (otherwise it
would be too much for my family).
Step5: Typical Sentence Patterns
1. Typical patterns for showing progressive results
If, over time/ in the long run sb. / sth. does sth, effectively
/ greatly (seriously/ badly ) doing and doing, eventually
doing.
eg. If we stick to this good practice, over time a holy spirit
will take root in the hearts of the people, effectively building up
citizens sense of public morality and fostering offsprings love of
others, eventually making a basic turn for the better in the
standards of social conduct.
2. Typical patterns for expressing regret
Sb. remembers how he / she did / has done sth. (for others). For
what, sb. sometimes wonders; so that?
eg. Scientists remember how hard they worked to create the
Internet, the greatest invention of 20th century. For what, they
sometimes wonder; so that the children indulge too heavily in the
virtual reality of the Internet to free themselves from it
3. Typical patterns for citing quotation
There is a quotation from that sb. especially likes /
appreciates: sb. believes / thinks everything does ( the same holds
/ is true for anything in the world / the same goes for).
eg. There is a quotation from Chairman Mao that I especially
like: Nothing in the world is too difficult as long as you put your
heart into it. I think the same is true for anything in the
world.
Step6: Oral exercises
Do the structure exercises (Ex.)
Step7: Assignments
1.Ask students to get ready for an oral writing according to the
cause-and-effect technique with the following topics
Does smoking help thinking
How to create a more positive parents-children relationship?
2. Finish all the exercises related to Section A
3. Memorize the new words of Section A
4. Preview Section B.
Section B: Stop Spoiling your Children
Teaching Objectives
1.understanding figurative language.
2. help the students Learn some background of relationships
between parents and children both in China and America.
3.to know how to improve their relationships with their
parents.
4. some key words and expressions should be mastered.
Focus Points
Reading Skills
The particular reading skill introduced in this unit is
understanding figurative language. To make language clearer, more
interesting, and more striking, all of us use expressions which are
not literally true. We make comparisons in speaking and writing.
Figurative languagelanguage that comparespaints a picture for the
reader. Figurative language can be confusing if it is understood
literally. The ability to recognize and interpret (or: explain)
figurative language may help us fully understand a writers point.
There are many different ways of using figurative language. Listed
here are just a few of them:a) Similes These are figurative
expressions which directly compare one thing to another by using
the words as or like.
eg. The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which
both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys , ... (Para. 3,
Reading Passage A, Unit 5)
In this sentence, ... smoked like chimneys means ... smoked
heavily and continuously, but the comparison between the two makes
the idea clearer and more imaginative.
b) Metaphors in which comparisons are only implied or suggested,
without using as, like and the like.
eg. The tobacco industry ... completely won over people like my
father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. (Para. 3, Reading
Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence, the idea of people relying on
smoking is expressed as that of people being hooked by cigarettes.
Hook is commonly used in relation to fishing and just as fish are
hooked and cannot get away, so are cigarette smokers. This implied,
parallel image makes the thought more striking and powerful.
c) Personification figurative expressions which compare
non-human things to humans. eg. My father died from the poor mans
friend, pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left
him low. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) In this sentence,
pneumonia, a disease often visited upon poor people, is compared to
the poor mans friend and we can feel the power of language
easily.
Structure, main idea and text-related information.
(1) Paras. 1-2 I find there is a common tendency of giving
children too much in American families.
(2) Paras. 3-6 Several reasons are concluded that contribute to
this tendency.
(3) Paras. 7-8 Giving children too much may bring about harmful
effects.
(4) Paras. 9-11 Some suggestions are presented to help
parents.
Language Points:
1. spoil: vt. 1)do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of
a person, esp. a child by lack of discipline or giving too much
attention or praise, etc. Parents tend to spoil their only child.
2) make sth. useless The bad news has spoiled my day. spoil: vi.(of
food, etc.) become bad or unfit to be used, eaten, etc. The cake
will spoil if you dont keep it in the fridge.
2. While traveling for various speaking appointments, I
frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned
to one of the children's bedrooms. (Para. 1) Meaning: When I travel
to give different kinds of speeches, I often spend nights in the
home of others, where I am arranged to sleep in one of the
children's bedrooms.
overnight: ad. 1) during or for the night We stayed overnight
with my mother.
They traveled overnight because it was cheaper.
2) suddenly or very quickly The book was an overnight success.
Overnight can also be used as an adjective with a related sense.
We
