NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CĂN BẢN (SÁCH DÀNH CHO NGƯỜI TỰ HỌC) - LÊ DŨNG

8/10/2019 NG PHP TING ANH CN BN (SCH DNH CHO NGI T HC) - L DNG

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I L DNGI I

[Prt ^M

NG PHP

TING ANHCN BN(SCH DNH CHO NGI T HC)

NH XUT BN GIO DC - 2000

WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU

WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU

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W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM

ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T


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T n t e l c h v o b u

^PHN m u

Chng ta mun xy nh cn phi c vt liu v bit phng php xy. c v vit c mt ngoi ng nh ting Anh, chng ta cn phi nmc mt s lng t nht nh (vt liu) v phng php sp t chng (ngphp hay vn phm), l cha k dn nhng yu t khc cn phi c c th

c c mt nng lc giao tip tht s.

Vt liu chng ta ni n chinh l t vng ca mt ngn ng, s lung t

i hi t hay nhiu ty theo yu cu v trnh ca ngi hc. iu quan ng lngi hc phi phn bit c t vng y theo tng ioivi nhng tinh cht rin;

bit, ging nhu ngi th xy phi phn b i t gia gch v ngi, gch xy tng Vgch lt nn vv. Ngi hc phi bit phn bit t vng theo tng loi: anh ti

ng t, tnh t, trng tu, gii t ... v bit v tr ca mi loi trong cu.

Mc ich ca vic hc mu cu (sentence patterns) l gip ngi hc dit tna ca mnh (ni hay vit) bng cch sp xp cc t vo v tri thch h(ca chng thng qua cc mu cu hc. Ting Anh thng cha nhng citrc c php ng nht vi ting Vit:

often get up

M''

Ti ihng

John doesn't

\/

very

rt

early.

sm.

\l/ ^ \J/

John khng thch c ph.



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Nhng khng phi lc no cng vy. Trt t t trong ting Anh v ting

khng phi lc no cng snh i vi nhau:

It is a new house, (newi trc house)

D l mt cn nh mi.(mii sau cn nh)

Where does he live? (where dng u cu hi)

Anh y sng u ? ( u dng cui cu hi)

Whose house is it ?

(trt t t hon ton o ngc)

Mt khc, ngi hc sau khi d bit cht t v mu cu nhng cha hiu

u o thng ghp ng tthuc mu ny vo mu kia:


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Ting Anh l mt ngn ng c cha nhiu yu t bin ha (inflection!

elements), ngha l mt t c th thay i hnh thc ty theo vai tr v v tr cn trong cu. ng t l t loi c cha nhiu yu t bin ho nht vi c

"ui" m chng gri vo, khi ls , -es,khi l -ed, l -ing vv s hnh thc b;

quy tc khc. Ting Vit chng ta khng c hin tng ny nn ngi Vit klhc ting Anh gp rt nhiu kh khn k.hi dt cu. Ngay i vi i t, ch ng]n ch li () d thy cn phi cnh gic:

Ti yu nng. -> I love her.Nng yu ti. - She loves me.

Nh vy li v nng v tr u hoc cui cu (ch ng hoc tn ng) troiting Anh phi i hnh thc - me, she her) ph hp vi quy lu

ni nng ca tina Anh. Nu ti khng yu nng m ti ch yu ti th ch 'ti'cui cu li cns khc na: I love myself.Ting Vit vi vi chc i t nhixng nhu' ti, d, bc. chvv..., tu no l ngi 1, t no l ngi 3 khi chuyn saiting Anh cn cn phi lu , bi v nhng ngi mi bt u hc thung l:tng v nhm ln. T bi 2, chng ta s hc cc t loi ca ting Anh, tp truvo nhng im d bit gia hai th ting siiip cc bn trnh cc li ngi h

chng ta thng mc phi.

....

i vi nhiu ngi hc, ng php l mn hc kh khan v nhng nging ngha Hoc ng php vi hc thuc lng cc quy lut v cng thiiu y c l ng nu chng ta ch dng li m khng cng lc p dnhng quy lut vo luyn tp, s' dng cho c (d c th cn vng v, uai s

nhng qy lut ca ting Anh vo giao tip hng ngy. V vy, vic hc rphp c hiu qu, cc bn nn xem xt mt s gi ca nhng ngi di uc:

E> Lun lun hc quy lut i km vi v d. Khi cc bn hc quy lut "nth ba s t thi Hin Ti n phi c -shoc -e.v", cc bn phi hc thi

lng lun mt v d:He goes.



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n> Ch hc mt v d cho mi quy lut hoc cch dng, khng hc m mqu. V d m cc bn chn hc phi l nhng v d tt gin, gn gng,va sc vi cc bn. Nu cn, cc bn c th ly v d t cc t in, ttnht l t in Oxford Learner's Dictionary(c bn ti cc nh sch).

IE> Nghe bng v luyn c theo bng (hoc CD). Tt c cc v d c du i truc trong sch ny ic chuyn gia nu'0'c ngoi c vo bng.

Nu cc bn mun s dng bng, hy lin h Trung tm o to TXi hc nng, 158 L L Nng - tel: (0511) 834284.

E> Lm cc bi tp trong sch ny d nhin l cn thit, nhng p dng nhngiu cc bn va hc trong sch d vit th cho bn b, vit nht ki, nichuyn bng ting Anh vi ngi khc li cn thit hn. Cc bn cn philm mi nh, mi quen, "trm nghe khng bng mt thy, trm thy khng

bng mt lm" m !0s> Cc bn nn chun b cho mnh mt cun s tay (chng 200 trang tr li),

kh nh ( tin mang theo bn mnh). Trong cun s tay y, cc bn hyghi nhng im ng php mnh hc c, nhng v d hay mnh btgp u . Cch ghi nh th no l tu mi ngi, c th nh du hoath, gch u ng, gch bt xanh , hoa l cnh vv... min l gip minhd nh nht i c.

Cun sch ny nhm mc ch dy v n tp phn ng php cn bn cho

Jng ngi t hc v s v h t xa. Nu cc bn mun i xa thm hy tip tc:NGPHP t i n g ANI n n g c a o ca cng tc gi.

Trong qu trnh bin son v hnh thnh cun sch, tc gi c s gp scI cc ging vin trong v ngoi nc sau y:

Bin tp: B Edna M. Faulknerng Hunh Kim Tun

c bng: ng Kenneth Liffiton v on sv i hc New York Hoa K

B L Bnh ThanhTc gi xin trn trng cm n s gip nhit tnh ca cc ging vin ni

n v mong rng s c s hng ng v gip tn tnh ca bn c gn xanhng ln ti bn sau sch c hon thin hn.

i hc Nng, ngy 20 thng 3 nm 2000Tc gi



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/ In t

irong bi nv, chng ta s hc cch sp xp cc t

trong ting (nh. Chng theo nhng qu lut no ?

Rule la

Tnh t 'i tnic danh t (Adjective+ noun).

Trong ting Anh, cc tnh tu nh long (di), short (ngn), cheap

(r tin), expensive (i lin), beautiful (xinh p) ... dc dng

tr c danh tu m chng phm nh (khc vi tins Vit).

Trong Ng php ting Anh nng cao, chng ta s hc nhng

trng hp khng tun theo quy lut ny.

Long hair

( Tc di)

An expensive watch

(Mt ci ng h i tin)



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'ractice 1

Hy sp cc lnh t v danh t sail dy theo hng tri d m

t cc bc trnh di dy.

Cc tnh t gi : beautiful (dp) heavy (nng)

comfortable (thoi mi)

Cc da nh tug : chair / arm chair (ghbnh)

girl (c gi) bags (ti xch)

Rule lb

Chi t + ng t' (Subject + vcrh)

Trong quy lut ny, chng ta hc mu cu vi hai thnh phn cn

bn: chii t v ng t".

Ch t thng l mt danh t (hoc di t) ch ngi hoc vt

nh bov (da con trai), children (nhng da tr con), computer (my



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vi tnh) hoc s vt nh freedom (s t do), laziness (s li

bing)...

ng t trong mu cu ny l nhng t ch hnh ng khng

trc tip tc ng ln danh t ch ngi hoc vt ng sau n nhu'

f l y (bay), sing (ht), stand (dng).... Chng ta khng t cu hi

"ng t + ai ?" hoc ng t' + ci g ?" vi nhng dng t ny

c. V d trong Birds fly (Chim bay) hoc They re singing (H

dang ht), chng ta khng th t cu hi " Chim bay g ?" hoc

"Chim bav ai ?" (!). Nhng ng t' trong-mu ny ch c th kt

hp vi 'Hovv/th no?' to thnh cu hi. Nhng ng t' nhu' th

uc gi l t ng tu (intransitive verb) v c sp vo mu-cu

ny, v c k hiu tt l [SV]. Khi s dng t in, nu cc bn

thy mt ng t-c ghi [SV] hoc Vi (= intransitive verb: t

dng l), cc bn bit ngay rng l mt ng t" c dng vi

mu cu ny.

Mu SV vi hai thnh phn c bn l s v V c th c mrng bans cch thm cc ph t h ngha cho ciii t hoc thm

cc tnh t d b ngha cho cc danh i.D ta c thm nhiu ph t

v tnh t vo v cu tr nn di ra, n vn thuc mu cu [,SV] v

s y-V vn l hai thnh phn ct li (c gch chn):

Subject Verb

The little gjrj C b

Mv father

(Bu li

The SUI

(Mt tri

is crvin.dang khc) ,

usually nets up earlv.

(hng thc dv sm)

rises in the easl.

mc phng dni)



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Practice 2

Dng cc t giVciioi y Iheo mu [SV] d m l cc hot

dng trong tranh'.

\ (thc liy) svvim (bi)

study (hc) walk (d b)

dance (khiu Y) talk (ni chuyn)

C gm* s dng cc thnh phn m rng khi tnh hung trong

tranh cho php.

Quy lut ny miu t mt cu c th gm ba thnh phn: ch tf

ng; t v b tu . B t thng l mt tnh t, c khi l. mt dan

10



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t. ng t ca mu cu ny c gi l ng l ni(linking verb)

v vai tr chnh ca chng l dng ni kt ch t vdi tnh t (i

khi c th l danh t) theo sau. Cc ng t ca mu cu ny gm c:

be (l) s- taste (c v[ngt, ng, chua, vv...])

become (tr nn) sound (nghe c v [hay, d...])

feel (cm thy) smell (c mi)

look (trng c v) vv...

Cc ban hy hc thuc nhng ng t ny, v trong ting Anh

'phe a s' cn li l nhng ng t ni kt vi ph t (He walksquickly).

She looks sleepy.

(C y trng bun ng)

Trong -cu hi v 'cu ph nh ca mu cu ny, chng ta vn

dng ng t' be v cc tr ng t do, does, didvv... (Ve cch t

cu hi. xem Unit 5).

Janet is very pretty.

(Janet rl xinh dp)

Is she intelligent ?(C y r thng minh khng ?)

It becomes hot in the summer.

(Tri tr nn nng vo ma h)

Do you feel hot ? Yes, I do.

(Bn cm. thy nng khng ? Vng, c)



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Policeman: 'You look fam iliar. Do 1know YOU?'

(C S: 'Trng anil (juen quen. Hinh nlii li bit anh liii pli?)

Bti li Bill: 'Um, 1don't think so. officer1

(B ill trc: 'D rillia xp. kh iin p h (tiu ')

Practice 3

A. Hy chn cc n v tnh t thch hp tron; hai khimg du'd

y d in vo c h irng thch hp. H y quan st v d mu.

excited (hi hp) great (uvt)

wonderful (tuyt vi) tire (mt)

sad (bun)______________awful (kinh khng)

1. I_________fe el tired_______. 1had a long dav.

2. This cake ia . sk J/', _____! It must be three weeks old!

3. You $arL. Is anything wrong? '

4. She -PK C^d. What happened?

5. Y ou r singing,$0tW fif ^ m -

6. You f [ / r n > l \ X / / m k . ' 1 ! Isthat a new perfume?

B. Hy chn cc dng t trong khimg trn v cc lnh c c

di v d vit cu m t cc bc tranh sau. Hv quan sl

d niu.

12

look seem

feel sound

smell taste



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t ;

angry (gin)

3. delicious Oiot)



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terrible (khng khip)

6. beautiful {(h'p)

7. lovely (d


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9. dangerous (nguv him)

Practice 4

A. H y dng cc lnh t tr ong khung hon thnh nhng cu

sau cr. Xem v d mu.

boring (dng chn) afraid (s) tall (cao)

tired (mt) cold (lnh) blue (mu xanh)

dirty (bn) stuffy (ngt ngt) hungry (i)

1. The windows are dirty You should wash them.

2. I am ^itt \ I could eat everything on the menu.

3. I didn't enjoy tne book. It was

4. Most basketbal I players are /4 |,

5. This house is Ctii.______6. They were ________. They slept for twelve hours.

7. It was a lovely day. The sky was hli._________

I am

. We need a heater.

8 .

9. It is

. Snakes are frightening animals.

(Rn l loi vt dng s)in here. May I open the windows?

B. Cc bn hy vit li (rewrite) nhrg cu di dy, dng cc

dng t rong mu [SVC] d hc v cc tnh trong khung.

Ch V v d mu.

15



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new (mi) careless (bt cn)

alike (tng l) ill (m)

rich (gin c) helpful (hay gip )

sweet (ngt)

busy (bn rn)

light (nh)

1. John has a lot to do today.

He- A - u y _______2. My brother never takes care.

3. Mary likes to help people.

3 A5. Gary bought that car today.

/ k m \ u .________________- ___6. My friend John has a lot o f money.

7. The bags do not weigh very much.

M i -___________________8. My mother and my aunt look very similar.

T.ktli (iM &^____________ :___

n &M . a . 1

J'L( I i a t l y

Ch t +.rig tu'+ tn ng (Subject + verb + object)

Mu cu ny cng gm ba thnh phn' nh mu cu trn, rhi

y c hai im khc bit rt quan trng-:

a) ng t ca mu ny khng thuC riliom cc ng t'

(linking verbs) ni trn (Rule lc).

9. Mary doesn't feel well today.

Rule Id

16



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b) Chns c th kl hp vi

thnh nhna cu hi hp !. Chng ta hy xem cu 'Mry loves

cakes'. Chng t c th t cu hi 'Mary loves what?/ What does

she love?' v tr li: 'Mary loves cakes'. Khi c th tr li c, t

dng d tr li cu hi ny (cakes) diic gi l tn ng' ca dng t

(loves) v v th. cn nv thuc mu SVO].

Mary loves cakes.Ngu'dc lai, chng ta hy xem cu 'He walks slowly'. Chng ta

khng th hi '*He walks who?/* He walks what? c. V th, cu

'He walks slowly' khng thuc mu | SVO].

Cc bn hy (ijl cu da (heo (ranh v v lgiVdi liny. H\

xem vi d mu. Cc bn s thy rng cc t n ny cu thuc m

[SVO] d hc. Khi dt cu, cc hn c h hnn phn ni rng.

Practice 5

1. My little sister eats a,lotof-ckeiShe is watching /



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4. Tom is _ _ an intereslih> book.

*ractice 6

Cc hn hy .xc tnh nhng cu sail dy thuc mu cu no

rons nhng Iichi cu d hc. Xem vi d mu.

Ch : s - subject: V -verb; o - object; c - complement



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1. She likes cakes. [SVGJ2. She opened the door. --3. The bell rings. t~?\/.-s V4. The class begins at 7:30. , w5. Thev are learning Enslish. . y -

6. She walks quickly. - V7. We usually feel hot in the summer. S V C8. They arovv flowers in the garden. .9. This Hi-fi sounds perfect. (Dim niiiv ny nghi' ihi mvu SC '

Rule le

T her e + be + cliii tii' (There+ he + subject)Trc tin, chna ta cn nh cu trc ny c naha l 'C., m

ci a d. y l ci c trng khng, khng bit ai c, khc vi ki

dims vi havehoc have iOt,chng ta phi bit ai c. cn so snh

There is a cake on the dish.(C mt ci bnh trn dc

Khc vi:

'lorn has a cake.(Tom c ml ci bnh)

Trona mu cu The re + be + ch l, clne l hkhna ho h

vi there di iruc ma i ho hp vi danh t na vai ch t th

sau, ngha l nu danh t ny s dng t he s s t v ngi

li. Trong v d trn, a cake l danh t s t nn ns t l is. >chng ta thay a cake bng two cakes hoc many cakes,ng ti

khng cn l is m s l are.

There are two cakes on the dish.(C hai ci bnh rn da)

There are manv cakes on the dish.

(C nhiu ci hnh Irn da)



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20/200

Khi he tip Ng Php Ting Anh nng CHU, cc bn s i su

hn v s ho hp gia na t be v ch t rong mu cu ny.

Tnere IS a dog in the kitchen.

(C mt con ch trng nh bp) There are sev en people at the meeting.

(Co by ngi trong bui hp)

Ch thch: People: /)/>;/')"Hitii Nu clninu la c ha ngoi till d l three peo p le ,

hv Hiiiti l svtrn I>enp/. nhiu nQoi ! Iiiiinv I' l'o /i id Nii mun ni mt ngi,

chrm la ni prsnii ( hoc /;C7'.V(J/M. Chng U' cng t ih iii ba njfi !

llir perstm* vv...

>ctice 7

C / r hn h v xem hc tranh hiri tch v ill "Oil vi there is

hoc there (ire. Ch khi (ii danh t s lhicu phi them -s

Quan s/ vi d nii (li dy:



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21/200

1. There/ *- cv cat iider the' chcUr.



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N O U N S Sank t

" ' - I ' 1. f

Trong bi n. chng ta s h cc danh t trongting fnh. Tuv nhin, chng ta s khng hc ht tt c mitnh cht CQdanh t m ch tp trung hc mt vi v tnh cht CQdanh t m ch tp trung hc mt vi vfj

lin quon n donh t thng g li cho cc bn.

Rule 2a

Danli t'c 2 loi: danh tim e v danh ti khng m c.

Phn ln danh tu trong liens' Anh i danh t m dc

(countable nouns). l nhng danh t ch ngi hoc vt c th

m c trc tip (mt, hai, nm vv...). Chng ta hy xem t

hook (cun sch). Chne ta c th ni mt cun sch, hai ctinsch, nhi (Vn .sch ... (a book, two books, many books...).

NiiUc li, clanh li khni etcIV ic(uncountable nouns) ch nhng

th khns th m c trc tip nh milk(sua), water(nuc), rice

(la, so. cm) ... Chng ta khne th ni mt sa, hai sia(*one

milk. *tvvo milk) vv... m ch c th oim, m thn qua cc dng

c do ling:

a bottle of milknu t chai sa)

two bottles o f milk

liai chai sia)

a litre of milk

(mt lit sa)

five litres of milk(nm lit Slid)

a lilass o f mi Ik

(mt iy Sliui

several slasscs o r milk

(Iillicit ly sa



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23/200

Anh nhu' rice, sugar (dng n), salt (rnuoi an), Dltii toann TTTTH

butter(bd), vv... phi i km vi danh t 'ch cc dng c, oi vo lig khi chng ta mun ch s lng ca chng.

Nhng danh t khng m c m cc bn hc ting Anh

thng nhm tng l m c nn c' thm a/itn s t v thm

-s to s nhiu mt cch 'thoi mi' l advice (li khuyn),

information(thng tin), news(tin tc), heallh (sc kho), equipment

(dng c), luggage (hnh l), knowledge (kin thc) vv. Mt li

khuyn khng th i *tm advice, mt dng c khng th l *arequipment. Khi cn thit ni n s lng, chng ta nn ni nh sau:

a piece o f advice some advice

(mt li khuyn) (mi chi li khuyn)

-a piece ot' information some information

(mt thng tin) (mt ( hig (in)

a piece of equipment some equipment

(mi dng, c) (mt t dng c)...

rice (la, go, cm) two bowls of rice (hai bt cm)



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24/200

actice 8

in vo ch trng bng nhng t trong hp. Outi st v d mu.

bread (bnh m) milk rice chocolate (s-c-la)cheese (ph mt) fish jam (mt) spaghetti (mn m ng)



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25/200

Mt s danh tu c th lrr danh t m c lc ny v lm

danh t lchng m c lc khc, ngha l c th ng hi 'vai' ty

tnh huona. Lc y, chng thn c ngha khc nhau:

em iinc Khng m oc

a paper (mt t bo)

two glasses (hai ci ly)

three beauties (ba n^i dp)

tour rooms (bn ccln phn)

five stones (nm vin d)

paper (giy)

glass (thy tinh)

beauty (v dp)

room (ch trng)

stone (c)

Danh t' ch thc n, thc ung c th chuyn t khng m dt

sarm dem dc khi ni v n v ca chng. Chng ta hy xem

coffeevsugarvn l hai' danh t khng m c nhng trong v d

sau yvngu'i ta dng chng nh danh t c th m c:"i\

Can have a coffee, please? (= mi lch c ph)

1 take Ivvo sugars in my tea: ( -h a i mung dng)

Tuy nhin, cc bn ch vi thy ngi ta dn nh th ri 'sng

ch thm. Hy chu kh quan st v bt chc theo nhng gi n?i

bn.ngu si dna !

Practice 9

Din VIO cho trii buna; hnh ihik; danh l thch hp trngn g o c ( s u h a y s n h i u ) , Ghi c h t i i l d a n h ( s t ( s in g u l a r ) . S i

nhiu (plural) hay khii m uc (uncountable). Hy xem cu Vi

chi mu: hn s i thk Q

T^- is. -m . io ft .i ------ C h . JC QA ^ . . .

4



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38/200

actice 15

in vo ch (rng bng cc tinh t v di t s hu thch

hp. Trong ngoc lun lun lcc tnh t s hu. cc bn phi

tm cc di n't s hu tng ng khi cn thit. Hy xem v d mu:

1. That's not my dog. Mme- is much older, (mv/my)

- &2- ho use is big ger than Jitc although JzQixCdoesn't have a garden, (her/his/her)

3 . is this jjhujx coat or is AgHifr.C the red one ? (vour/your)

4. I like__(Vttu cooking more than (my/her)

5. This doesn't look like ______book; it must be ____ (my/her)6. vfr..r wife's hair is blond, A);r __is blond, but M'

sons hair is black! (his/his/his)

7. I see that he has lost ,.(> pencil; perhaps you can lend him

vwl (his/your)

8. ' [%i car is faster than -'*> car, but 4-v is more

comfortable than O'.'S (our/her/her/our)

Rule 3c

Cc i tr phn thn (reflexive pronouns) sau y c

dng khi ch ngi v tn ngu cng ch v mt i tng:

NC.I(s il)

TNH T S HU I TPHN THN

1 my myself

1 your yourself

3 his himself

her herself

it itself



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39/200

NGI(SO nhiu)

TNH T S Hu TPHN THN

1 our ourselves1 vour yourselves->

their themselves

Chng ta dng cc i t phn ihn khi chii ngu' v tn ngi

cng ch v mt i liiug; noi cch khc, hnh ng do ch ngi

gy ra tc ng li ngay trn chnh ch ngu. Chng ta hy xem c(

v d sau y:

John asked Tom...(John hi Tom)

[Johnv Tom l hai ngu'di khc nhau]

He asked him...

(Anh y hi cu v)

[Hev himch v hai ngi khc nhau]

He asked himself...

(Anh y t hi mnh)

[himself \ki tu phn thn, Hev himself cng ch v

mt ngi]

Sau dy l mt s vi d v cch dng i t' phn thn, cc b

ch cch dch sang ting Vit:

At the end of the play, Romeo killed himself, and then

Juliet killed herself.

(Vo cui v kch, Romeo t vn, ri Juliet cng t vn the

The new machine can clean itself.

(Chic my mi'c th t lau chi Iv)



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40/200

ractice 16

in vo ch trng hn, cc di t phn thn thch hp.

1. Janet is holding a mirror. She's looking a t ...-i;' ______.2. This TV is automatic. It can tu rn ___tiii.:; _____ off.

3. He taught m r/. French.

4. Why is that man talking to A >, -?f:d_____?5. I cut ,yiw,? ? ._____ shaving this morning.

6. They got out of the river and dried

7. We look after children because they can't look afte r-1:" .iVf ; ..

8. This machine turns vjrpj off after 5 minutes.

Rule 3d

Cc i t phn thn cn c th c tlng nhn

mnh (do chng cn c gi l i t nhn mnh - emphatic

pronouns) .

Chng ta hy xem cch dng cc i t ni trn d nhn mnhcho ch ng hoc tn ng (nhn mnh cho t no thi chng thng

ng ngay sau t y). Khi dng theo cch ny chng c ngha

tna ng nh chnh (ti/anh ...) trong ting Vii. '-selfc

dc nhn mnh:

You yourself told me the story.

(Chnh anh ci k cho li nghe truyn y)

The Prime Minister himself signed the letter.

(Chnh ng Th tng d k Ui h y)

Khi nhn mnh ch ngu, i t nhn mnh c th dt cui cu:

Mary didn'tbuy those pictures. She painted them herself.

(Mary , khnifmua cc hc tranh d. Chinh c CI v chng)



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41/200

I saw him do it mvself.

(Chnh (i d ihy anh la lm chuyn )

Rule 3e

Cc tu phn thn c th kt hp vi bv din t

ngha 'mt mnh' :

By+ di t phn thn cngha tns uona vi alone (mt mnh):

want lo stay here bv m ys el f(Ti mun dy mt mnh)

He always walks home by him self at nifihi.

(Ban dm anh ay hum di bVCnh mi nh)

Practice 17

A. Din vo ch trng hiii cc di t nhn mnh thch hp.I

1. I have built this house

2. The headmaster aviS$| :' will teach this lesson.

3. I will do the job ' w a s m 4. Why don't you go ?

5. My sister made that press ...

6. Make ___at home. (Hy cii Hi ilhicii ului u nh)7. Shakespeare m never wrote a better line than that.

8. His wife went on, but he stopped and stared.

B. in vo ch front hiii by+ i t nhn mnh thch hp.

1. Tbev cooked dinner Kjj,

2. She doesn't want to sleep in the house _



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42/200

3. 1enjoy being Jjpjij

4. You can't lift that....

sometimes.

. Let me help you.r a w i- 'C l I III- IV I J ww ..

5. We d idnt w^nt tC)CP ^ / io r a pain ter . We painted the house

6. two olvou should so on holiday fitf tp t E/ without

the children. 7. The puppy is too young to stay in the house f a qp p . all ij w

day qp Ip r

8. When Im k /Yiip_______1often play music very loudly.

low fat milk?

John: Well, we have some full fat miik, but we don't have.

:, low fat milk.

3. Mary:Oh well. I'll, take full fat milk then.John: is there ,3 ,r1,;t{iV,else I can get for you?

4. Mary:Yes. My daughter is coming to visit me today so Ineed

, _________special for dinner tonight.

John: How abo ut_____ CTn beef ?5. Mary:No, my daughter is a vegetarian (rtgi n tocm rau tri)

so she never eats am.. meat.t

John: Well, we do have xj: very nice vegetables.6. Mary: 1dont need 2I1 more vegetables. I want to cook

different. Do you have noodles (m, bm)?

John: No, none i'm afraid.

7. Man"Oh well. Thats everything, thank you.

John: Ill just get your change. I'm sorry, but we have

\ o __plastic bags today.

Mary.That's tine. I've got my own bag. Thank you. Goodbye !

Rule 4g I

Much, little v a little cdng vi danh t khng m c.

Many,few v a few c dng vi danh t m uc s nhiu.

A lo t o fv lots ofuc dng truc c danh t m c s

nhiu v khng m ucrc s t.

Much (nhiu): dng trong cu nghi vn v ph nh trc cc danh

t khng m c:

How much sug ar do you want ?

(ng cn bao nhiu dng ?)



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53/200

There isn't much sugar in my tea.

(Khng c nhiu dng lm trong tch tr ca li)

Many (nhiu) ' dng trong cu nghi vn v ph nh trc c

danh t m uc s nhiu:

How many students are there in your class ?

(C hao nhiu hc sinh trong lp ca anh ?)

We don't have many apples this year.

(Nm nay chng ti khng c nhiu to lm)

G h i c h : Trong li vn trang trng (formal writing) nhu ct bi bo ci

nihin cu khoa hc. lun vn ... cc bn c th thy much

manycrni dc dn g ironu cu khn g dnh.

A lot of v lots of (nhiu) c ngha v cch dng ging nhai

Chng c dng trc danh tu khng m c s t v m c

s nhiu trong cu khng nh:

John ate a lot of ice-cream at the party.

(John d n nhiu kem rorti hui hp mi)

There were a lot of people at the meeting this morning.

(C nhiu ngi trong bui hp sng nay) We have played lots o f match es ihis-season, but we

haven't won many.

(Chng ti d dau nhiu irn ma ny ri ihiig cha thung

ic bao nhiu)

Few (it) v a few/m t vi) dng trc danh t m c 5

nhiu. Few lun hm ph nh (= khng nhiu):

I have few friends so I am very lonely.(Ti c t bn nn cm thv rt c n)

I have a few friends in London so I get there quite often.

(Ti c mt vi ngi bn Lun n nn ti n y kh

thing xuyn)



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54/200

Little (t) v a little (mt ) c dng trc danh t khng

m c s t. Littlelun hm ngha ph nh (= khng nhiu):

1have very little time for reading.

(Ti c rt it ih gi de dc sch) There's a little su ga r in the jar.

(C mt i dng trong l)

A lot of, lots of, a few, a little, not much v not many c th

dc dng mt minh nhu cc i t:

When 1was young, 1hated coffee. Now I drink a lot. [a

lot o f coffee]

(Khi cn tr ti ght c ph. By gi li lai ung nhiu)

There used to be a lot o f tigers in Asia, but now there are

not many left.

(Ngy xa chu c rt nhiu cp nhung nay chng cn

hao nhiu)

I don't have much m oney... I don't have many things... but Ive got a lot of friends!

54



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55/200

Practice 23

A. in vo ch trng vi much, many v a lot of:

1. There were f~Q people at the party. There mus

have been almost sixty. 1

2. I don't have ____zn.jU _ clothes but the few 1 have an

very good quality. d

3. How __c&idL. ______________________did that dress cost ?

4. I don't need very rr.uJ\ ___sleep - tour and five hours :

night is enough.

5. There were not vna-Av-i people in the restaurant. 1

was almost empty.V ) 6. This course is very difficult and there is too r:

j homework to do every week.

7. __/i" M 2 the cake was eaten. There was only one piece left.

8. Are there _________rAf ! eggs in the fridge ?O'

B. in vo ch trng vdifew , a few , little v a little.

1 . _ sje rt/____

of my friends are interested in films sousually go to the cinema V myself (= mt mnh).

2. He is lazy: he does very________fr ii/s work.

3. There is a lot to do in town. There are two cinemas ani

/ / restaurants and cafes.

4. 1have n, A-M/t? money saved so i am going to retire soon.

5. _____fp ,j_____ foreign people learn to speak Chinese well. I

is a difficult language to learn.

6. There is O' , wine in the fridge. Would you like some?

7. Dancing is very popular. I know a t(As./' people wh(

are going to dancing classes.

8. I have liMio______need of this big house. I will move ti

a smaller one.



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56/200

g 9 f i & A / Jw G u I ti v c u bv li_______>____________

Trong bi n, chng to s hc cch t cu hi v cutr li. Khc vi ting Vit ch cn thm 'C phi ... khng?',

cu hi trong ting Rnh bt buc phi sdng ncc hnh

thc tr ng t (auxilicr verbs) to thnh cu hi.

Rule 5a

Khi mun chuyn i cu khng nh c cha ng t be sang

cu hi, chng t ch cn chuyn ng t bera triic ch ngu.

Chng ta cn nh li cch chia ng tu be (i am, you are,

he/she/it is, we are , you are v they are) v mt vi v d ca chng:

We are teachers.

(Chng li l thy gio)

He's a new student.(Cu y l sinh vin mi)

They were very busy.

(H rt bn)

De chuvn nhng cu trn sang cu hi, chng ta ch cn chuyn

dng t be (tc l is, are v were) ra trc ch ngu:

Are you teachers?

(C phi cc anh l thy gio khng?)

s he a new student?

(C phi cu y l sinh vin mi k h n g ? )

W ere they very busy?

(C ph i h rt bn khng?)



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57/200

Chng ta cn nh y l cu hi nn cui cu phi kt thc bng

du hi (?) trong vn vit v ln ging cui cu trong vn ni.

Nhng cu khng nh trone; ng t' be cn kt hp vi mt

ng t chinh cng tun theo quy lut nv:

Tom is working very hard, [th Hin Ti Tip Din]

(Tom lm vic rt chm ch)

Is Tom working very hard?

(C phi Tom lm vic ri chm c h khng ?)

My house was repa inted last week, [th b ng](Cn nh ti d dc sn li mn ri)

Was your house repainted last week?

(C phi cn nh bn d dc sn li tun qua khng?)

Rule 5b

Khi niun chuyn i cu khng nh c chua cc trng t' (auxiliary verbs) ra cu h v chng ta chi cn chuyn

tr ng ti ra truc chd t'.

Cc tr ns t thng dng gm c:

have will shall can may .

had would should could might vv...

Cc tr dng l ny kt hp vi ng tu chnh hnh thnh ccth, thi v th trong ting Anh:

(Chimg ti d c cun sch ny ri)

' Have you read this book?

(Cc anh d dc cun sch ny cha?)



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58/200

Mary can swim very well.

(Man- c (hb i rt %i)

- Can Mary swim very well?

(C phi Mary bi rt gii ?)

Trong cc cu trn, read l ng t' chnh kt hp vdi have to thnh th Hin T Hon Thnh v swim l ng t chnh kt

hp vi cun trong th Hin Ti n. v cc thi, chng ta s hctrong cc bi sau. '

Khi mun chuyn i cc cu khng nh khng thuc hai

loi k trn sang cu hi, chng ta phai t do hoc does (cho:cc cu th Hin Ti ti) v did (cjio cc cu th Qu Khu:

on) trc ch ng.

Nhng cu khng nh khng thuc hai loi k trn (Rule 5a v

5b) l nhng cu ch c ng t" chnh nh sau:

I Rule 5c

(Cu y hc nhc) Janet works5 hours a day.

He studies music.

mi

-'W

vie;

(Janet lm vic 5 gi mt ngy)

We likecoffee.

(Ching ti thch c ph)

They went to Japan last summer.

(H d Nh ma h va qua) 1

Ghng ta i chng sang cu hi bng cch p dng Rule 5c: I Does he study music ? I

(Anh v thch nhc ch ?)

[th Hin Ti on, ngi 3 s t dng does]\ 2-(

584.



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59/200

Does Janet work five hours a day ?

(C phcti Janet lm vic nm g i m/ ngy khng ?)[th Hin Ti n, ngi 3 s t dng does]

-* Do you like coffee?

(Anh thch c ph ch ?)

[th Hin Ti n, ngi 3 s nhiu dng do\

-* Did they go to Japan last month?

(tyam ngoi h di Nhl phi khng ?)

[thi Qu Kh n, dng didcho tt c cc ngi]Cc bn cn lu mt im rt quan trng l khi dng cc tr

ng t (bt k tr ng t no), dng l chnh phi dng nguvn

mu (khng c -.Vhoc ed ui). Do vy, cc bn thy trong cu

hi l cc ng t study, work v like dng nguyn mu.

Cn ch nhng cu c thm thnh phn m rng nhu' 'He studies

music at this school' hoc thm mt ng t nguyn mu c 'to' nhu'

'We like to drinkcoffee in the morning'vn khng nh hng gi nI vic p dng cc lut ni trn.

[

--------------

actice 24-

A. in vo ch trng bn cc tr dng t v chi thch hp d to

ihiinh cu hi m cu /r li c cho sn. Hy xem v d mu:

1. Are/ there/______ any students in the room ? Yes, there are some

in the room.

2. J)q Ur,,,. any sisters ? Yes, 1hve two sisters.

3. Pjicl . _ j f u . i L . . to the cinema ? No, they went to the theatre.

4. _Uscip I{kj, __ marry me ? Yes, I will marry you.

5. _ )


60/200

6. m -?, I isAiMi here long ? No, they are only staying here for

three days.

7. war. 4. jji tennis yesterday ? No, she was playing basketball.

8. Prct jjaa visit Buckingham Palace when you were in London?

Yes, we visited Buckingham Palace and the Tower of London.

9- X iL -.W L . _ always late ? Yes , shes always at least hair anhour late.

B. Karen mun Icim vic trong mt khch sn. Gim dc khch sn '

dam* hi c v cng vic m c th c s dm trch. Hvin vo

ch trng nhng cu hi sao cho thch hp vi cu (r li ca

Karen. Xem v d mu.

1. Manager: Ccuvytitype' ?________________________________

Karen : Yes, I can type 40 words per minute.

2. Manager. Good. Cf)!A Ipi I c>fp !q':n. I ____________

Karen : Yes, 1can speak English.

3. Manager: _ Da im _:>; ___ ____________

Karen : No, I dont smoke.

4. Manager: T)-a MM p-.cc a lt sxl llL... -________Karen : Yes, I passed all my exams.

5. Manager. Excellent and -V, ;hiA -Uk M il l ______Karen : No, I'm not often late for work. !

6. M anager: \h u, iko \h\-f pM i__s____________. '

Karen : Yes, I like working with people.

7. Manager: ^ sku Mil dL L&IKaren : No, I haven't stayed in this hotel before.

8. Manager: VvduM i jfiv. iik. M _______________________Karen : Yes, 1would like this job.

60



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61/200

re for

tball.

on?

ilf an

/1

>00

I ta

e5d

Nhng t' Wh- sau y lun hg u cu hi. Trt t cc ttn theo cc quy lut i truc:

Who: ni How: thno

What ci g How much: bao nhiu

When: khi no How many: bao nhiu

Where; du How long: di bao nhiubao lu

Which: ci/ngi no How far: bao xa

Why: ti sao How high: cao bao nhiu Whose: ca ai How often: bao nhiu ln

Nhng quy lut 5a, b, c u cp n loi cu hi bt u bng

mt tr ng t nh be, Witt, can, do, does, cid vv... Loi cu hi ny

s dn n cu tr li l Yes hay No, do vv chng cn c gi l

cu hi C/Khng ( Yes/No questions). Quy lut 5d cp n loi

cu hi bt du bng mt t Wh-v cu tr li ca chng khng phi

l mt t Yea hoc No. Ngi ta gi loi cu hi ny l cu hi Wh-

( Wh- questions). '

Cu hi Wh- lun lun bt u bng mt t Wh-nh lit k trn

y v phn cn li tng t nh cu hi C/Khng:

Who did vou see?

(Anh d gp ai?)

What do you need? [Whatung int mnh](Anh cn gi?)

What books does he read? [Whati trc books]

(Anh y (Joe nhng sch no?)

When do you go?

(Khi no anh di?)

Where des John live?

(John sng du ?)



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62/200

Which o vou prefer? Whichdtifig'mt mirth]

(Anh thch ci no hu?) Which shirt should 1wear?I Whichi trcshirt]

(Ti nn mc o nt ?) Whoseis this house? \ Whose ing ITI mnh]

' ('Cn nh ny ca ai?)o Whose house is this? [Whose di trc house]

(Cnnh ny ca ai?)

Which shirt should I wear?(Ti nn mc cm o no?)

Why does she love you?

(Ti sao c v vu anh?)

How will we get there?

(Chng t s n hng phng tin g ?)

How much does it cost ?

(N ng gi bao nhiu?)

How many desks are there in the room?

(C bao nhiu bn trong phng?) How far is the chemist's?

(Tim thuc ty cch y hao xa ?)



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63/200

How long is this river?

(Con sng ny di bao nhiu?) How lone is the course?

(Kho hc ko di bao lu?)

fractice 25

A. Cc bn hv din vo ch trng bng cc t Wh- sao cho ph hp

vi cu tr li d dc cho sn di d}'. Hy quan st v d mu.

Questions Answers

1 - How are you feeling today ? I'm feeling better, thanks.

2- yVf-~... does the lecture start ? It starts at 3.30 pm.

3- i l l game are they playing ? They are playing chess..

4. Vi>l _is the sugar ? It's in the cupboard.

5. Hn., fey * is the film ? It's two hours long.

6. wAr, is that m an? He's my uncle.

7. U //W are these keys ? They're John's.

\Vij., are you leaving ? I'm leaving because I'm feeling ill.


64/200

4. ]JM. .cr/ nnub.r rm dd 9

We're going to Japan n holiday. 'J

5* ...-HUt ..Qi-ii3 p - ~ ---- - ------------We went to thekstation in the car.

6- -...

She is studying English.v 67' jMx' . d- ip-'-__d-~. :-..... -................. .......-

I'm a nurse.

8. u ,0 4 _ i i V . 2-1_________The river is 400 metres long. ' .

9. ' :-.:-.r 1 _________________

Thats Jack's dog.

Practice 26

Mt cnh st vin an %hi cc nhcn chng (wirness) v mt

ai nn giao thng (traffic accident) va mi xy ra. Hy dng cc

t Wh- trong khinii d t cu hi sao cho ph hp vi cu tr li

cho sn. ChV cch dng How + tnh t. Xem vi C14mu.

when why how what who whose where

64



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65/200

1. Policeman: Whesi/Aid/ihe/cuxid&nt happen ?

Witness: The accident happened at about 5.15 pm.

2. Policeman: Ai' Mm - ________________Witness: A young man was driving the car.

3. Policeman-. firry!/ t M l . C, /M'ls 1_______Witness: Hmm, I think the car was travelling at about 50

kilometres per hour.

4. Policeman: foili c L m il i i i MU.I ____________

Witness: The man was about 20 vears old.

5. Policeman: _ /V1 did Ji[ G,K J _______Witness: The car swerved because a dog was sitting in the

road, (to swerve: di ngot)6. Policeman-. M n t Anf>K* _, ro ,. ________

Witness: The car crashed into the tree beside the gate.

(to crash into sth: tng vtio ci g)

7. Policeman: . IMnvi pirn iiqc [t _________________Witness:. It was my dog.'

8. Policem an: ii j^Rq. tfyiq/fi,___nojjk.___1.____________

Witness'. The man is in the hospital now.9. Policeman: \jji\u k 9. /kisr.viiaJ...................... ......

Witness-. He is in hospital because he hurt his foot.

Rule 5e

Hinh thc tr li ngn (ch t + tr ng t) c th u''>___________ '

2.



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69/200

Trong bi ny, chng ta s hc cch dng cc th thnggp. Cc bn s hc su han cch dng cc th ny v hc

cc thi khc cn li trong Ng php ting Rnh nng CQO.

GcU

Rule 6a

Thi HIN T! N (the Simple Present)Th Hin Ti oi c dng din t hnh dng:

(1) lp i lp li theo thi quen (habitual actions) hoc

(2) hnh ng ang tht s tn ti lc dang ni.

Thi Hin Ti oi c hnh thuc ca ng t nguyn mi

khng to,'ngi th"3 s t ng t" phi c -s.

Theo cch dns (1) ca th Hin Ti dn, khi chne t mui

din t nhng hnh ng thung xy ra trong hin ti, nhng hn!

ng theo tp qun hoc thi quen, chng ta phi dng th Hin T

n. Do vy, nhung ng t kt hp vi nhng t ng ch

thng xuyn din t nhng hnh ng hin ti nh:

every moming/day/week/month from time to time

always (lun hum)

(thnh thong)

occasionally

often (thng) usually (fhng thng) sometimes (thnh thong)

hnh thong) seldom (/7 khi) never (khng bao gi )

vv...

phi uc dns vi Hin Ti n.

'



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70/200

livery day John takes his dog for a walk.

(Hng Mty John dn ch di do)

Cc bn hy xem cc v d khc:

We always go to school on time.

(ChtM em lun di hc thing gi)

Janet goes to the cinema on Sundays.

(Janet ti Xem chiu bng vo nhng ngy Ch nht)

Khi dng th ny, ngi hc chng ta thng mc mt li rt

lng' l khng thm -. vo ng t ngi th 3 s t (he, she, it,

anet, Tom, my sister vv...). Ghi nh:

He "l

SheIt VJanet > w ork k /Tom

Mv sisterHis father ,

ihng khi chng c cc tr ng tu nh does, can, must vv... i

rc (trona cu nghi vn v c ph nh), ng t' chnh phi tr

nguyn mu: Does he work ? He doesn't workvv... Ch hnh



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71/200

thc s t ca cc ng t sau:

S T SO NHtEU

is are (I)

does do lm) has have(c)

goes go (Ji)

Cch dng (2) l cch dng rt ph bin: tt c nhng ng t

din t cc hnh ng hoc trng thi ang tht s tn ti nhu' 'Lun

dn l th d ca Anh quc'ngiii c ni ting Anh', 'tri hm

nay c nhiu my', 'em trai ti bi rt c'vv... hoc din t chn ltng qut (general truth) nh 'mt tri mc phng dng, ln

phng ty' 'tri nng vo ma h, nh vo ma dng' vv... u

phi dng th Hin Ti n:

London is the capital o f England.

It's cloudy today.

My brother can swim very well.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(Mt tri mc phng dng v ln phng ty)

Practice 29 I

Hy dng cc t trong hp d m t hot dng trong mt ng)

liu biu CCI Man'. Ch V dng t ngi th 3 s l th Hin T

Dn phi tn cng bng -s. Xem v (i mu.

watch television go to bed get up eat breakfas

leave home arrive at work meet friends lor lunch

leave work________have a shower (lmv/sen)_____________

.7



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72/200

A tJ .O O t u n M r u y g-e t i - u p_________________ ..________________________

. l : 5 a t n . ^k L -.a S...a .x Q \iJjx....._________1__

At. 20 0 om ~. i ... .. O M X____________________

3 - - 0 a , v r ? l , a P L S c c k w o A ________

. . i l ...d J .- w ^- ^L 'MS-... j hs._iP^lJ.cI



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73/200

7- -/& - L 5 G L p .fB ; s 4 , i W e r S .u j a k L

8- .'MvutiicM /9- A -^ O -CQy i. (


74/200

c bn ang nsi xem TV nh) u uc dng vi th Hin Ti

'ip Din.

Thi Hin Ti Tip Din dc to ihnh bng cch kt hp ng

be vi hin li phn t (present participle) ca dng t' chnh,

rc bn ch cch chia nhu' sau:

V:John (read) an interesting hook.

(John dng dc mi cun sch hay)

(i) Chia ng t bevi John (=ngi 3 s hy. John /.V...

(ii) Dng hnh thc hin ti phn t ca ng t read.y

n gin ch l thm ui -Ivo ng t read: reading.

(lit) Nhu' vy cu hon chnh s l:l

John is reading an interesting book.

Mary is studying hard for her exam.(Mary ang clm ch hc thi)

\

Cc bn ch nh ng quy tc sau v cch thm -ing:

ng t tn cng bng mt e cm: b e truckhi thm 'ing:

live - living ng t tn cng bng mt nguyn m (i,o,u, e, )+ph m'.

gp i ph m trc khi thm -ing:

swim - swim ming (bi)

run - running (chv)



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75/200

I

Nhng ng tf sau y khng kt hp vi -ing to

thnh th tip din:

. (i) ng t' din t tnh cm: like (thch),disHke (ght),hate (ght)lovej(rw)

(ii) ng t din t hot ng ca tri thc: know {bit), want

(mun), believe {tin), understand {hiu), remember {lh)forget (qun)

(iii) ng t' din t hot ng ca 5 gic quan, fe d (cm thy),see

(nhn thy),hear (nghe),taste (nm c v),smell (ngi c mi).

Practice 31

A. Hy chn hnh thc diing ca th Hin Ti Tip Din cho dng

(rong ngc. Xem v d mu.

1. We ar-e/ (be) learning English grammar.2. Mary (wear) a new dress' today.

3. Tom and Mary //v>. (not walk) on the beach.

4- I !?'.:/. %-o)Ai (make) sandwiches for the party tonight.5. You nv,;: uKrtJbyf, (not work) very hard today.

6. Mike i


76/200



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77/200

Practice 32

Janet m nm trn ging, Jang hi ch minh l Mary v

nhng g dang din ra ngoi ca s. Cc bn hy ng vai Man

dng th Hin Ti Tip Din m t nhng hot ng cc bn nhn /hy. Xem v d mu.

Tu gi :

shed (nh kho), pick flowers (hi hoa),climb a tree (tro cy),

build a fence (xy hng ro)

1. June! : Mary, what is the weather like ?(Chi Mary, thi tit nni th no?)

: / t #'.___________________________

2. J a n e t: What are the boys doing ?

Mary : H i Ixiiil -M. f" ; ' L______________3. Janet.:And what'is grandfather doing ?

M an - : W- __Sroij



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78/200

4. J a n e t: What is mum doing? (Mum .= Mother)

M ary: d L inq- dgM_________5. June! : What are the cats cloing ?

M / r r : M c l k s i b i-:!.... i - J M ..................

6. Jil/Ht :Whal is the dog doing ?

.Mary : T f ' __________________7. Ja n e t: What is dad doing ? (Dad = Father)

Mary : Wt i c h'.Mi ~y...,vT /; j\rX .__________

8. .A//C/: And grandmother ? What is she doing ?

A / i / n - : % ...Li___.___ ___________

Rule 6c I

Th QU KHN (The Simple Past)

Th Qu Kh' oi iic dng din t hnh ng xy

ra v hon tt trong qu kh vo mt thri gian iic bit r.

Th u Kh n c to thnh bng cch thm ed vo saucc dng tu hp quy tc:

work worked ( lm vic) learn - learned {d hc)

'Phi Qu Kh n ca ng t bt quy tc nm trn bng chia

ns t bt qy tc (list of iegular verbs). y chnh ! ct th 2

lrn bng chia ng t bt quy tc m chng ta phi hc thuc lng -

Sau v l mt vi ng t bt quy tc tiu biu, cc bn c .th tm

thy bng chia ny cui sch. Chng ti ch a vo cc hnl

thc qu khu phn t et (3) v khng mun cc bn ri tr v

cng cha n lc cc bn phi hc.



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79/200

BNG CHIA CC NG TBT QUY TAC

t.y

au

()

lia

2

g-m

h

'

(U (2) (3)Nmiyn mu Qua khif Qu kh phn t( Ngha(Infinitive) (Past form) (Past participle)

be was/were / become became tr nn bring

< ubrought D c- mang, xch

buv bought -< mua come came > sb a. cin do did z 2S


80/200

Chng ta cn ch thi gin xc Jinh(definite time) c th c

ni ra nhu" trong cc v d nu trn hoc hiu ngm theo tnh hung:

Did vou sleep well? [hiu ngm 'last night']

(Anh ngt c ngon gic khng?)

We saw many elephants in India.

(Chmg ti trng thy nhiu voi An (J)

[Thi gian c hiu ngm thng qua vic cp n ni xy ra]

th nghi vn, chrtg ta dng tr ng t didv th ph nh,

chng ta dng did not hoc hnh thc rt gn didnt. Ch khi

dng tr ng tu (bt k tr ng t no), ng t chinh phi tr v

nguyn mu :

Did you see Tom's father yesterday? I(Anh c thiiv ba ca Tom hm qua khong?)

Yes, I did / No, 1didn't.

(Vng, li c thy/ Khng, li khng thy)

Did you learn Japanese last year?

(C phi bn hc ng Nht nnt ngoi?)

Yes, we did / No, we didn't.

(Vng, chng ti c hc / Khng, chng li khng hc)

............. ............ CH V CCH THM -ED ....... =......... ......

Nhng ng t tn cng bng -ecm ch cn thm -ti m thi:

live - lived (d sng) arrive - arrived ( n)

Nhung dng t tn cng bngph m +V, chng ta phi i V thnh;trc khi thm -e d

study - studied (d hc) try - tried (d c gng)

80



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81/200

Nhng ng t tn cng bng mi ngtiyn m + ph m v

du nhn ngay trn vn ny, chng ta phi gp i pii m trc I

thm ed\

Practice 33

Hy chn hnh thc dng ca th Qu Kh Dn cho m g t rc

ngoc. Xem v d mn.

1. We went to see our parents last week. (go)

2. The accident _ a year aso. (happen)

3. to the cinema last week, (not no) [ng t bt quy tc

4. I______my brother move house last week, (help)

5. They \ in Chicago from 1970 to 1995. (live)

6. Youir, _ ^ on Tuesday, (not arrive). You ;> on Wednesdi(arrive)

7. We i - ' j ; ! a new car for our pprents yesterday, (buy[ng Ibl quy tc]

8. They a lot o f Italian at this school. (sttHy)

9. He _ me a present at my birthday party, (give) Ing tibt quy tc]

Practice 34A. John va ii ngh h Ir v. Tom hi John v nhng ngy ngh CI

cu v John cho Tom xem nhng bc hnh cu d chp troi

chuyn di. Cc hn hy dn vai John tr li nhng cu hi CI

Tom, in th Ou Kh n. Hy xem v d mu.

prefer - preferred(t thch hn) permit - permitted(d cho php)



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82/200

1. Toni: You've sot a goodsuntan(= rm nng).Did yousunbathea

lot? (- (dmncing)John: Yes. 1sunbathed a lot.

2. Tour. Where did you swim?

John: s : yr. . .. ..

3. Torn-. While > oil were there did you write postcards?

.John: fee, . 1' . ......... ...............................4. Toni: Did \ oil cook \ our own food ?

5. Tom: W he re did } oil Slav ?

J o h n . - ......;

(). Tom-. Did you drive around the countryside ?

(Belli a) Ihch li xe di khp min CJUC khng ?)

J o h n - . A / ,. ,J .. J j Q c I l . a , .J a i c u c l k _____ m i ... c m t i - s

1. Tom: And what did you do at night ?

Mr- > dtcmaci ;,..L:iCt



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83/200

8. Tom: Did vou buy anything ?

John: VfcI bnuc' L l 1 -__________9. Tom: Did you enjoy your trip ?

: John: k , T v-r.;/' if. /I'vW't___________________________

B. Nhng cu sail dy iu c li sai. Cc bn hy vit li cho chb

Xem v d mu.

1. * When I am young I don't like school.MKen/ * / lifce- .______________________

2. *Last year we visit my grandparents at Christmas.

XoSj- iM k isl-, OiopMl oi vi'A;-.3. *They don't go to the beach last week because it is too cold.

'hr-.I iMvii: o jk,hen& Jrv;.':e. bemvti if !O! hC')M4. ^Yesterday I work until 8 pm, but my boss doesn't thank me.

VstocLj T wchmci_uyd/J.i i'?:-*. li5. Last night I meet a friend. We eat dinner and go to the theatre.

Laa-f'n^T- 7. /me,: n , IM oif dim Vi 'Mi 'MiL iLi Ijl il6. *1 know Paul when I am a child. We are at school together.

^ inur Mill ti-' Xj M u^L vt MhiL sjl k f f i i

7. * We has a good time on holiday, but we was glad to return home

We. AnA. ft a s,jaL. \ rJ{rlau,Litsu 2 dad Llii8. * Fiona doesn't feel well earlier this morning, so she goes home.

f l ?. . . 9v


84/200

Rule 6d

Th QU K H TI P DIN (The Past Continuous)

Th Qu Kh" Tip Din (was/were + hin ti phn t) c

dng din t:

(1) hnh ng ang din ra vo mt thi im trong qu khi

(2) hnh ng ang din ra trong qu kh'th mt hnh

ng khc cht xy n.

Theo cch dng (1), nhng hnh ng dang din ra vo mt thi

dim trong qu kh (at 7 o'clock Yesterday morningI'V ...) phi dude

dng vi th Qu Kh Tip Din:

At 10 o'clock yesterday morning, 1was washing the dishes.

(V ilk 10 gi sng hm qua, ti dang ra chn bt)

Last Christmas, 1was living in Tokyo.

(Ma G ing sinh va qua ti [dangj sng Tokyo)

Cch dng (2) lc no cng bao gm hai hnh ng: mt hnh

ng ang ko di trong qu kh th mt khc ngn hn cht xy

n. Chng ta dng th Qu Kh Tip Din i vi hnh ng ko

di v th Qu Khu n i vi hnh ng ngn hn:

(Chiii ti dang n trong vn thi tri ht u d n n i )



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85/200

V / M&l John was walking along the street when the piano fell.

(John ang i dc khu ph th mt cy n dng cm ri xung)

Practice 35

A, Cc bn hy xem tranh v hon h i t nhng c u sim dy. Di: I ,f u

Kh Dn hoc Qu Kh Tip Din cho dng t trong khung. Xem v (

mu.

walk ufce ring drivf repair (sia cha) iicon (i. l qun o

call crash work see fall over (t ng) explode (n)' y \ \

I. 1 wayujin#- (use) super glue when the phone ran#- (ring



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86/200

- We K^v-Mvvalk)across tlie muddy field when we


87/200

T

M I5. I tthc ii4n (iron) my dress when mv friend Gmxfr

me on the plwne.

(call

6- I v& uViM (drive) slowly down the street when this Ilia

__as (crash) into me.

MO' W B. Cc bn hay xem hc tranh liiii dy v m l nhng hoi di

trong tranh V('ii th Qu Khi Tip Din. Hy dng cc lng

trong hp.



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88/200

cry read fall shine sell run plav sing

1. (the sun) Theynuv wayihUuAX^.______

2. (the leaves) 'Jftc M-nV: ill .(the birds) ,. JjL? ci> '!wi.

actice 36 I

Cc bn hy hon thnh nhng k u sau dy, d ng th Ou

Kh Dtn hoc Qu Kht Tip Din cho cc dng lii trong ngoc.

Hy xem vi d mu.

I. When they (wakeup) it wo (rain).

4. (a man)

5. (the bovs)

6. (a babv)

7. (the women)

8. (a Ilian)

jA J/xity.i.__ui'i.! -----Lm V 4 -iTi. ^ .4 . :r

..A -ivan- vA4i,...S m M M ' lS

2. line sun wi-i (shine) when we yfepA_ _ (take) the photograph.



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89/200

3. When John __(break) his leg he (play) football.

-%fc(t4qy (read) book when the doorbell J , a n Q____(ring).6 s

5. Hcu


90/200

7 Mv car\fl$ floasr.__(break down) vvhcn I.QJ...0

(go) to Bangkok.

(breakdown: [xe] hong my)

r

8. When weMhubn'tiina (dance) someone .. .s ia jc

(steal) my bag.

(to steal sth.: n cp ci g)

Th HIN TI HON THNH (The Present Perfect)

Th Hin Ti Hon Thnh (have/has + qu kh phn t)

dng din t:

(1) hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh m khng bit r thi gian.

(2) hnh ng xy ra trong qu khu v cn ko di t n hin ti.

Qu kh phn t l hnh thc ng t tn cng bng -ed(nu l

Rule 6e



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91/200


92/200

They visited London last year.(H d di ihm Lun n nm ngoi)

I have lost my key.(Ti nh mt cha kho)[Nn by gi ti khng c cha vo phng]

Theo cch dng (2), nhng hnh ng d xy ra trong qu kh vcn ko di n hin ti phi dng vi th Hin Ti Hon Thnh:

John has lived in Paris since 1970.

(John d sng ( Paris t 1970 dn nav)

We have been friends for ten years.

(Chini ti d l hn nhau c miii nm ri)

[nay vn cn l bn]

Nu hnh ng ko di nhung cng chm dt trong qu khu,chng ta phi dng th u Khu n:

John lived in Paris from 1970 to 1975.

(John d sng Paris t lni 1970 n 1975)

We were friends for ten years.

(Chng ti l bn nhau trong mi nm)

[nay khng cn l bn nhau na]

Cc bn hy xem hai hnh sau y biu th s. khc nhau trong _cch dng ca thi Hin Ti Hon Thnh v Qu Kh n. Hnh mi

tn biu th s tin trin ca hnh ng

Thi Ili n Ti Ilon Thnh Thi Qu Khi dn

Now

John has lived in Paris

since 1970.

Now

John lived in Paris

from 1970 to 1975.



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93/200

h -v


94/200

. Th Hin Ti Hon Thnh cn uc dng din t nhng khi

nim nhu 'va mi' (just, recently, lately), 'c bao gi ?' (ever),'cha

bao gi' (never), ' [lm] cha ?' (... yet ?), 'cha [lm]' (not... ret),

'[lm] ri' (already).

1have just seen him.

(Ti n'fa mi gp anh ta)_Have you ev er seen a wagon?)

(Anh c bao gi thy mt con rng cha?)

We have nev er read such an interesting book.

(Chimg ti cha bao gi dc mt cun truyn hay nh th)

I have not finished my homework yet.

(Ti cha lm xong bi tp nh)

I have been there already . 1(Ti d dn dy ri)

Practice 37

Cc bn hy hon tt nhng cu sau dy, dng since ho

fo r . Dng s in ce trc danh ch mt thi im (since 1990, sim

last winter) v dng fo r trc danh t ch mt qung thi gian (fo

two days, fo r the winter).

1. He has watched television Sjj, % three hours.

2. They have been frien ds______Jn9x; five months.

3. My family has owned this farm Xur^ro, 1990. I

4. I have wanted that book _____ months. I

5. 1haven't seen yo u _c vuii?. Christmas.

6. We have been here O P January.7. 1 havent eaten any meat Anh . over a year.

8. She has worn the same old dress $LcCi the beginning

o f the month.



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95/200

ng khii

), chu'ai

h)

\

I haven't seen my feet for five months.

Practice 38

ho\

s im >(fo\

I-y chn hnh thc ng ctict th Hin Ti Hon Thnh cho

dng (rong ngoc. Xem v d mn.

1. I haA/e,k*ujMin, Jim all mv life, (know)

2. They JWi/ff.. J / ' j A in that house for two years, (live)

3. My brother

4. She

5. She /nnc n

6 . 1

y VI i three books, (write)

her leg. (not break)

her arm. (break)0:Af(

7. She

8- We9. The children

10. V

an elephant several times, (see)

__that dress for ten years (have)

_here for hours ! (be)

A-': r. their homework, (notfinish)

you J_/..-;_______; to the zoo ? (be)

Practice 39

A. Hy chn thi Hin Ti Hon Thnh hoc Qu Kh n cho ng t

trong ngoc. Xem vi d mu:



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96/200

1. Steven hcusliMecU_____in London since 1990. (live)

2. We jo r______Singapore six months ago. (left)

3. 1 i;". o :'!. snake meat, (never eat)

4. Diana_____ Work______Simon for dinner last night, (meet)

5. Oh no! Someone i.jc ____ mv bag. (steal)

6. I ___hard when 1 was at school, (work)

7. My brother my bicycle this morning. (borrow)8. T-Vv__Kim since lunch? (you see)

9. We /Pd in Australia from 1991 to 1996. (live)

B. Cc bn hv xem nhng trcmh v sau dv v r li cc cu hi

bn di. Cc bn s phi ng c thi Hin Ti Hon Thnh v

Qu Kh n nh trong v d mu. Cc bn s ihv rng sau khi

d b' u bng th Hin Ti Hon Thnh, chng ta c th chuynqua dn th On Kti Dn trong cu k tip.

1. in Paris

M... %rJtJ r

Has he ever visited Paris?Vea-. he *ha& v iA i te d /Par s . H & v i i te d /Pas - U 'L w 1985 .



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97/200

leet)

'>onvvj

!vej

u h,

nh

au kh\

'hu\n

2. last week

Has she ever played tennis ?

l3 )J r i M dllM JL x ' i X . \ ; , l a . s .I ' 1^ ........

3. this morning

Has he cleaned his room?

X s :L..Hi ..cClCMOi; ji.., jsLii JjiiM. ^sjen .. jUku oi x-\?,k '>i i_ )



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98/200

5. when he was young

6. ten minutes ago

Has she been for a swim?

A dttvUhf, rt


99/200

8. this afternoon

Rule 6fTh TIEN QU KH (The Past Perfect)

Th Tin Qu Kh (had + qu khi phn t) c dng

din t mt hnh ng xy ra v Itoit tt trc mt thi i'

trong qu kh hoc tntc mt hnh ng khc cng kt tl

trong qu kh:

Theo cch dng ny ca thi Tin Qu Kh, khi chng ta c

hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh: mt hnh ng xy ra v h

tt trc mt hnh ng khc cng xy ra trong qu kh, chn

phi dng th Tin Qu Kh cho hnh ng xy ra trc v dng

Qu Kh n cho hnh ng xy ra sau. Cch dng trn ca

Tin Qu Kh c m t bng hnh v sau y:

Ninr

Tim felt very tired. He had worked all day long.

(Tim cm thy tht mt. Anh y d lm vic sut c ngy .



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100/200

We ran to the station but the train had already left.(Chng ti chy n nh ga nhng xe la i ri)

th nghi vn, chng ta t hitncch ng' (Had he worked...?)v th ph nh, chng ta dung had not hoc hnh thc tnh lc

hadn't (he hadn't worked.

actice 40

Trong lp hc thy gio hi

Jennv c lm g trong ngy

th by va ri. Chng ta hy

dng vai Jenny, da vo nhi

k CU c d tr li cc cii

hi ca thy gio. Hy dng

thi Qu Kh n d din t

nhng hnh dng k ip

nhau tran qu kh. Mt vi

dng t ht

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NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CĂN BẢN (SÁCH DÀNH CHO NGƯỜI TỰ HỌC) - LÊ DŨNG