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Ngu Phap Tieng Nhat 9087
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NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG NHẬT
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- fuTf li ct'u trfic giii thich nguy€n nhin , lf do , dd h6i hay dirng dd nhan manh n6ilen f kidn cira minh . -futfdtroc sir dung rrong vf,n n6i , cbn-O('fduo.c sfr dungtrong vdn vidt . ^-ArTfduqc sri dung rheo nhfing crich dudi ddy .r ) '--l"tfi'
Cdu tnic_n35r duoc srl dung theo nh&ng ciich du6i diy(l) Ifti nguli n6i suy dodn mOt ly do hay m6t nguy€n nhf,n gi6ng nhu nhirng gi mlr anlta de tlng they hay nghe , vI xric nhdn lai didu d6 c6 d{ng hay kh6ng .
t J t r l , s ! tC |JU#Er ' . . , t e
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1 Anh Watanabe thinh thodng ciing n6i ti€hg Osaka dring kh0ng. l
Anh dd sdng d Osaka phii khong ?.... TOi d{ sdng & Osaka den l5 tudi .
(2) Khi ngudi n6i h6i thong tin vd nhfing gi mi anh ta rirng nghe hay thdy .:
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ffi H L''z+l,f y a*ltTt-i- tr" & : TH. cf: A,T-f i'"
Ddi gidy kidu hay qud . Anh rnua d dau dd'y ?T6i dd mua d si0u thi Eclova
. . , , t .(J) Khi ngudr noi h6i ngudi nghe giii thfch lf do hay nguyOn nhAn cira mt,t didu g'i ranh ta da tirng duo.c nghe hay thay .
1i .,
@ t') L(iEtrf--fuTf h'" Tai sao anh lai ddn mu6n ?
(4) Khi y€u cdu m6t su gi6i thich hay h6i mOr chri thich cho mQt t)nh hudng nio d6 .
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Thi thuorrg
Ttid ttrubng-t: .--+ -lt
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Ddng ttTinh tt duOi Vr
Tinh ti'tluOi /tDanh tir
@ &') L/ : tu( f i . " Cd vd'n d€ gi dey ?Lmr f : ^-fu("fi ' thinh thoing cbn thtihien su ngac nhi€n, su hi6ru kj,cira ngudin6i . Crich sir dung kh6ng thich hqp doi t<tricO iire f an.'ng,,i, i n;i,;;;"'; i l:;;;;;,ddc bi€t ch6 f vdi crich n6i niv .
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Cdch n6i niy duo.c si( dung dudi nhnng tirln hudng dudi diy .t t ' fr l ' ;* i ,-ot l i do hav nguv€n nhdn vdi tu.ei rr, roi.a,, tr i ldicho vrdu 3 ,4 tr€n
(5) t" i L(iE*Lt:A,T-f/t,":
_ . . / \7 'r t i* . /&h\1t=/wT+-
(bJ' ,r- a I f- _a .-7-"-i-+,! . ' v t \ _ t u \ ) / J . o
. q $ ^ , b 5
Tai sao anh lai d€h mudn ?
Bdi vi xe buyt dd kh6ng d€h .
Anh bi lhm sao day ?
b_+ :_& frrr.Ztinir.'1"<"g-. T6i cim thay hoi kh6 chiur - : - L L : - . t - , - - t t
. . b "t _:_g fr/C/;ffir. r/"("_f.. T6i cim thay hoi(2) Khi ngubi n6i trinh b)v t7 r{o ha.,, --;:;:i;- -L- r.."clYjJljjlj"h p)I ry ao n.y ngffi.*,i" .h";l;u';l;;#;t .@ ii*i#ffi'a# fi-*t,t." Em c6 doc brio hing s6ng kh0ng ?E N , A ,
L \L \io F#Ffi/s/er, r<"fo . . . Kh6ng , em kh6ng c6 thdi gian .chf f : "- A'rf ti,ong aoo c*ffi-niirng vdn dd nhu vr ou duii oay .t> t : t - t t -< . t 7 . i7 - .T+". X t>tzl-lX-z 4 , . :. 7 *tt ArTu. Trong trulng hgp niy c6u vdn s€ rrd n€n
don di€u
31 I ,--7"a"g-2s. -,-l_---'*-t -e-r lr . duoc dirng dd m& ddu m6r cau chuyQn . B6t adu rt m6r lli dd nghi , mor rdi*li ' liy mgr bidu hi.n xin phdp - /i trong tinh hu6ng nly dugc ding dc n.i cdc caum.t ciichffre nhlng , bidu.hie.n iu ngap ngtrg rr,qi
30.!e pr.." if.,n n,.i ;;;;";;;phia ngubi n6i . Trons vidu @ ,.au'rou--Ltf/r ,h;;;;,*'iiroc di khi nrj roring do-i vdi c6 ngudiigte ua *"ii"otl-@ n'##r#da,gt., i i<.j-rr. 12 r. L F.<v.,rtrr*{i/,/."' T.i de vi€i thu bang tichg Nhat , kh6ng bie'r ;; ,hd i;; ;; g.ip rdi duockh6ng ?
O NHK aHHLf:r,\/,-efri. E ) LtzbL\u\t-d-rrTdi mu.n rhdm quan dii truydn hinh NHK .1. Nrr,atlgen , phrii lhm rh€.niob:1y gid.
@ +.'Aarfr ,..3v\l,JTirtj . . -Khdng c6 nudc n6ng . . . ( phii l im the nno biy gid )
2. ".: ,'
3 .':.
b t, 'tr,Tf i'o Tdi mua Camera & ddu duoc blv: I / , . t r o
@ flf.\y'*e6ai/rr, ' ' lvtf, i , . t ) Lt:b1r1,r1-j-fr"J0rlq01C cd ti€n lE , lim thd nho bay gid .
;11.? l':,:.fL:" fy dilc khi ngudi *iiiai'"e"ai nghe m6r rdi khuy€n hay ru,i chli:J"t#i:l*,:e,$-l11''Ii::g 1i,o: g r.r' i'"godi "ii ;;;;-c"#i ;;khong bidt noi nho dClmua, b&i vay anrr ia rrOi ;"dGil;l;il;;?;tu s;i
Thich / kh6ng thich
Gi6i / k6m
C6
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;
A
i L A i n , \ , A A , r ,@ ie*rAr:#r:ii L* fi,"' . '- ' l ,,r\ i.. xrJ',-yEe>*. g tTg D+/tr,. l,Tf"
Anh c6 rham gia rlaihQi thd thao kh6ne ? , . , , ... . Kh6ng , tOi kh0ng thich thd thao l6-m
Ban dd hoc rrong quydn I (.bni r!;17) chri ngr ua ooi tuong duoc chi dinh b&i tra tt {c6 thd trd thlnti chir dd ri. ,ilf .anh bing tro ti l*. Ddi tucrng duo. c chi dlnh,ktro tir ii_c_!ng cd thd nhfn *q;h bing rq [t .-
f+&<'rzl$,i;<-riHcf,r^.r.rferV * . f ,
j i a: H Lf( cacn vrit rac tL , r i L $ . i 0 ( $ L 6 t
=": r& # E,Dfi f f lbi t, t , h L L * , 4EI f * : '4 . ( f f i i5 j i )Kac cnay ou_d. ch,4*4.--.'" --
rr*
f t r ' i\h!v 6 * . . / r ' r r
6f : '4l- (ff i i /ru\r':)Rfc khdng chdy duo. c
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L!t l x F E E . 7 k . A F E FNgiy thu : hai , tu, sdu .
Rdc giay
R6c tuoi sdngL . t j L n i
{ I € F : l s E ENgly thu thrl nim
Rdc kinh ( nhrr dd kfnh bi vd )
Rric plastic
Nheng d6 ding trong bep liLmbing kim loai
R6c to
Dd dtng gia dinh
D6 di€n t&
Xe dap
R6c tii nguy€n ( dd c6 thd t6i sridung )Lon
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t t r. r,, t t &:= c tLl,!. 3
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Bii 271. DOns rir thd khi n[ns .cdch'tqro d6ng it thd khi ning ('Xem trongqfyd6r chinh , bii 27 , rrang rz , phdn ftFB Ar )
Tdl ci ddng ri rhd khe ning ll d6ng tir nh6m II , chdng kdt hop v6i dQng rt thd nguy€n miu ( thdtrong t ldidn ), thd / lL ' , thd ( . . .
E .g . z1 ' [15 . z ) r t t (AL\ ) . 71r t t ( '
Rieng d6ng ti' led'6 dd bao htrm tinh khri neng trong nd ndn khOng cdn ddi sang *t/t,tt,b
2. Cau cd done tt thd khA nans ,l) Dong tir thd khi ntng kh6ng diEn ti hlnh dong mi chi trang rh'ii . Ddi trong cria tha d6ng tt duo. cchi dinh bdi tro ti t,,cbn ddi tuong cia dong r& khi ning duo.c chi dinh bdi tro,til Di .
O *r/ ;LtJEfr#AEf;L*f . Toin6i t idngirh4r@ *>i';Llt. E t;FrsE6it*f" Toic6 thC n6i ridng Mat
{.!],rg c6 tro ttr nio cdn thay dtii ngoii tro tir t
@ -nTfiFft^?itj*fi."
@ E+8.s" t :+ i * t / ,TLt "Anh di m6t minh ddn b€nh viOn duo. c khOng ?
. TOi khOng thd gg anh Tanaka .2)QQne til thd kha.' ndng c6 2 cdch sr? dung , dr)ng dd di6n ri ndng luc cria mdr ai d6 c6 rhC 1im m(didu gi d6 ( vi dr; 5 ) vl di€n ti khri ning cira mQt hinh d6ng rrong mgr tinh hu6ng hay m6r hoicinh nhfi dinh ( Vi dq 6 )
@ i 7 -3 l " l tF+ / l i f iF ) * f . AnhMi i le rc6rhddocdu_d.cch0hdn
@ : a)ffitr-e F'rr,ai142 6Jx * f" d ngan hing niy c6 thC ddi drroc Dota .
3. F, i*f vn f f i : i* f 'DQng t ir khi ndn_e cho 4*f t \ hbtL*.t D6ng t ir khi ning cho &i3*f t t *tJf.No ctri ra j d6 cria mgt ai d6 trong vi€c nghe vir nhin vh nguli dny c6 thd lim viOc d6 . 4Kf c h i r a m 6 t d o i t u q n g , s u v i t c d d i n h r o i v i o t d m n h i n c u a a i d 6 v i t : i * f c h i r a r . m t h a rd€hta im6ta id6 l im.ngud i ngheduoc.Trongc iusr idung l tL*+ v i g I i * f ad i tuqduocnh in . l l l lChe- r l ' l l . r t rchr ingerorngc i iuduo,cb iCurh i bangt rg t t z j i .
@ H'#(4HtroilffiarAE*i*-i. Baygi&dshinjuku c6 thd xem phim
Lr\J l t } . t u [n
The l ich suKna nang
Th€ thrimI , ' * * f
i ' v t * frt'rr*.f, ' i * f
h' ' tJ6r t , i4
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Kurosawr
TL Sinkansen c6 thd nhin.thay nrii Fuji
C6 thd nghe d1r brio thdi tiet tir di€n thoai
C6 th€ nghe thdY tidng crla Radio
4. r t * fDQng t i l <sE fbanhocdd0ycdngh ia l l . } i r ondn ,ho in th i r nh , xongv } rdang ton tq l .
@ E R d ) f r i i t : t * t , r 7 _ z { - / i ( . * * L l : . - M 6 t s i € u t h i t o d t r u 6 c g i v U a m 6 i x & y x o n g
@ l+E+ailt1F;ltv'tT8 *f ' ' . Srra ddng hd bao gid xong ?
5. l t
l) -Clt,/t:ti / "1*/ fi 'bl*,/ * TIt'
Trq tir lt dilng dd nhdn manh danh tU nhu m6t chil di} cdu chuyen , vir nhrt bon dd hqc o biri i0't?vir
2 6 ' k h i / i v i r & t h e o s a u d a n h t i r , n 6 d u o c t h a y t h d b i n g t t . K h i t r c t i r ( t . t : . } ) d i s a u
danh tt , tt c6 thd duo.c th€m viro sau '
@ b i l v 4 , + & . | : | x 7 1 , l J ) \ f ] f r E . i i r , . * f " T r o n g t r u t m g h o c c i r a t r } i c 6 t h d y g i 6 o
nsud iMy( t ronguudnghgpn i rymudnnhdn. .c i ra tO i . .nghed icb ie thont ruehgkh6c)
@ tttzLCI#&Tlt+trFF'tB i*f"
d'truong cila toi c6 thC hqc ti€hg Trung Qudic ( Truong khdc c6 thd khong )
2). l t cbn s&dgng di so sdnh'
@ Ff F lttlr{F,is Lf:ili. 4 E IJF'e*it/""
Hdm qua thi nhin thA'y niri ' cbn h6m nay thi kh6ng '
@' e,( Ys:ff .r*lJ-fii. c-lt't1fr7|*ld.l'"'T6i udng dugc rugu nhung khdng udng duo'c bia '
. @ 6611^r$?f * *f,t. AIE^ltt78 *it/""
TOi di KYdto chrl kh6ng di Osakn '
6' I)G i o , n g n h u c r i c h s i r c t r ; n g { * d t r e n , t r o t t t t h a y t h € ' c h o & h o i c / i ' n h . r m g t h e o s a u t | ' o t i t
lchic .Trong trrrdng hoo c6 tro tir ^ ' c6 thd lrroc di duoc
@ 2, I 3 / '$NBFtrE6't l*- . i - ' 7 ?:^A9bFftfgf '
Toj c6 thd n6i tiing Arlh ' Vh c[ng c6 thd n6i tidng Ph{p
@ *+ 7 l9 ) t^11t * L l : " '? { +v=t ' - lL11t*Vt : *
Ndm ngodi toi dn di My Vh di ci Mexico n8a '
' @ *>t: LaH'En'bifi7)tEti* t' #o*f&rt'b +rBi'gf
Tir phbng t6i c6 thd nhin thdy biin Vir tir trong phbng anh t6i c0ng c6 thd nhin thdy '
z. L i '
Bni 28rhi *f ( b6 dudi *ft /rnl b + v
Cdu inic niLy c6 nghia mQt ngubi lirm 2 hlnh d6ng khric nhau ( Vl , V2 ) cing mdt hic . Hirnh
dQng duoc bidu thi bing V2 thi duo.c coi lh hinh ddng chinh trong cf,u .
O F*AFf,e /f nl b., €+ L*' j-. vta dn com via nghe nhtc ,
@ f f tS/Jr r r r . E#-EEt f th tAlL(r , . * f " v tahsct iehgMatv i ra l im v iQc. '
t i r thd ( + . t / \ *
Hinh dQng c6 tfnh nhu rnQt t0p qu6n hay th6i quen cia cd nhin duo,c diEn ti b&i cdu trric niy .
Hnnh dQng lith6i quen irong quri kht?duoc di€n ti boi m5u V ( +'Lr* I>/:.
@ -ft#) a{:z/t L(r, ' ' * f . Hing sdng t6i thuong ch4y bQ
@ 7&a&3.€ f f i SF+( rE(1 . * L / : " Kh icbnnh6 , to inho td ic f rngd ingr i l f c
3 . Tt thi thudns + L. :
8 gid
Cira hing niry vila gdn nhh , vta di dtd veo drrgc n€n rdt ri€nl i + :
@,E.+tt*#rt #. 2-< v./: / : ' lJ * rt,Li.". enh c6 thd d{y ti6ngAnh cho con rrai t6i duac kh6ng ?
. . . i / , , f f i # b * L \ L . 6 i f < . 8 # # o f r a t a L h 6 L . . , . o
thugng di p6ng tric nhidu , vi lai s;ip ddn ky thi tic'ng Nhlt rdi ntn . .
.sri dung trong cAu. Tuy l! do chi duo.c n€u m6
c n[a mh ngudi n6i chua.dd cip tdi khi ngudi n6i dirng
l) Khi cau dugc dd vd mOt d6i tugng nh{t dinh , r:6 c6 thd duo.c ndi bihg ciich s& dung c{u trrj,
niy .Vi du , trong cAu mi6u ti dac tfnh tdt cfra m6t ddi tuong duoc lien k6t vio m0t ciu sri dgn;
cau krlc nhyb . r V L
@ e v lft,Eljim,L',/jL,. * ue)flL. ffifrbb9 *f;,ThAy Watt rdt fta nhiQt tinh .vta thAr rhi , viL c6 nhidu kinh nghiQm .
@ ERzl. 6 [r, \: L. +( t * t, tL 4 L. : CI'Et* &'( 6iFt(("*d-.
in giohg "'i'6o F--i---a
*Hr..*f" lvliu cfrng dep, tdi sE(iruadoi giiy niy
rh
dt khlc nhu giri rd , da mdrn.. . . )
:il t-r thuorrg dtro.c gitpung trong ci'u trric ciu niy . Birng cr
J.on nlrunjry oq!rl1. uj nhdn manh quan didm cia anh raI i l {) n\-
€m I didu gi oo fffi.niCu vdi tinh hudng hay dac didm c&,t l. . } rz't\,la duoc sri dung khi ban
vfit mir ban vita n€u ra .
c6 l I
26 4,@ u, L__JI*t:*\ELr:&f i,. Tai sao anh laichon truorg ei hoc sakura
" ' t * ^ + l * ! r r , , f l f : * E * : r r . r , r F
Ir, ? ". j;;;iffi 'il;';
i;J_'r*," {, 4r,' L . t r'.*,\ b iru i (.'hcrn nta lai gdi nhn r6i nia n€n . . .
- ri dd hoc ' vl c6 nhidu thdy girio to't ,
*ffi ,l:f,i::':b tir s& dung dd chi dicu dd d'oc n6i rrudc da-y , n6 rn rf do hay nguy€n nhrn
@ :a vz. l. 7:,rt i i fd6Fr, L. *;1,, Lr../,rf.. . . ..ZtLTLn\*1.,r(f*a"Nhi hing niy vta 16 vira ngon .. . i Vir d6 l i diCu tai sao n6 lai d6ng .
5 .
6 .
Trong cau tren ( xern ffiB cz ) , rrg t& ti nd cni ditlm ddn crla m6r ngudi , ducrc su dung thay
il#1::;:::,,::T:::.:: T.** ol,, tri nhu !,8 *r. **r. i,i s *r haySIF L * fduo. c srl dgng vdi ..dia didm ,-,, hoic ., dia didm {l_
- - t
Bei 29
t t thd (+ u \ * f, u_d.c rao ra nhu mqr kdt qui cia hinh dQng .
t .
DQng
1 )
,fi/rFtir,* LtKhi.mi0u ti mQr tinh hu6ng rrong qud khri, thd ( + r,r* Lt .
@ +#EErril lytt,\* Lt. sdngnayduongr6td6ng.
@ y= i y F t /,ns$c (*t ;; ;;r;;:,ff;il;;;;::
2 )
2 .
Khi chi ngil cria mil henh dQng trugc dua l€n lim chi d€ cdu chuy.n , nd duoc chi dinh b&i tro trr ETrong vi du 4 , v6i sri duqg hinh dung til chi dinh, i o),nguBi n6i xdc dinh ro ,eng cei ,to;:;; d-cAu chuygn vi mi€u td trang thdi crja n6 cho ngrrdi nghe .@ :or , ' ' f , t&f i ,<r , ' * f . cd i ghdniyb ih6ngrd i .
T6i di uiing h€l rugu cria anh Schmidt dem d€h rdi@ iH+0)?EHtjb i ta( L*r,,,g 1_;;" T6i di r im h6t bii upchfihdn rdi.
Tuy dong tt thd v *'L t cong c6 rhd diin ti str hoan rhlnh crra m6t hlnh ddng , nhiing sri durdQngt t thd v ( + L*u '* L i ; nha 'n manh honsukdt thr ichoan to in . , i . ,q thanh d;"g. ;n€n miu nhy thuong di cirng vdi ciic tu nhu {.r i iray €Ar*i . Bdi vi tinh dnc bi.t cia srr Ldu trr
KitFlf,u(r,'*f
niy . vi du 5 cd him ;i v€ kdr qui cia su vi0c . ,,, kh6ng cbn m6t ch r ruou nio h€i , vd vi du 6 n6di€n ti tnm trqn-s an rim , mAn nguy€n cia ngudi n6i sau khi di hoin tdt bi, Up.cdut r t j cV. r + L*1"* f d i6n t ic f ingd i€n t ingud i n6 i sEho in th inhh inhdon-e t rongruongt ^ :
@ E: ,*1" *. <r: r/ ,{- r- t €L \( L * t, '* -r-" T6i s€ viet xcng bdo cdo vio rrud nay .
, J .
cf,u trfic niy di6n ti sq ro l5ng , srrn6i ti€t cia ngtrdi n6i trong m6r rinh hu6ng kh6 khin .@ , t x , l t * l . ? l t ( L<L*L \ * L t " T6 i dn t immr lh6ch ie .u rd i@ l :y = > i l ; tk f iFL< L* t , , ' * L / : " Mdyt fnhcua t6 i hdng mdt rd i .
Tuy viQc mai hQ chie'u hay v{n d€ vdi mdy tinh c6 thd duo.c didn d bang cau trric lr( L* Lthoic r' Lr i L* Lt ' nhung roai cnu tren rlm cho ngudi nghe hicu horr vd tam tr4ng ro lingluy€h tidc cria ngudi n6i .
4. [&r r* tr.l@ f iltf ,A,/li &> D *. Ltt k. T6i da tim rhey cip rdi .
fr> 9 *' Ltt & day dugc dnng dd dien ti nguli n6i dd tirn ra eap cia anh ra , chf n6 kh6ng didn ti sutdn tai cia iei
"lp.
5. I E:-i,<,/ l ':a.td--Trongv idudb i i 13 ,bqnd6ho.c , . - t rong l : zJ ,^ . v i & t rong f t l : r t , t c6 thCduo.c luo .cd i .Nhmg t u 'ong &: r '< (v idu l r )hay t : r rong t :21 ' r : v f du 12kh6ngthdruo.cd i duo.c
@ f i / . ( -Ff f t* / r< L(L*r , ,* Lt" Toiddl tmma,tv i8daurdi' @ P:r ' r r€efrr iz>r) * , ' t /ur t , . Kh6ngbi6rc6di f i thoaigdndaykh.ngnhi?
Xo(r "6
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&rt, ' ( , , .aCong
f t ( I , '6Gdy i
to / i / "T l r6M6o
'friirt t-c<v,a
' --:rtr,\6LOm viro , m6p vlo
fi2i6.r,.,11,.,6Thrin!
I] Df,L(L\6Dan vlb nhau
Pdv
aact
X{t ( t , \6Jtn
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Bei 30l . r t r t t r d ( + . b 9 * .DQng tir thd ( + er, *'t di6n ti tinh hudng duoc sinh ra nhu m6t k€i qui crla hirnh ddng duo.clfm mot c{ch c6 j th['c bdi ngudi nio d6 . D6ng t] duoc s& dung o dry li tha d6ng rir n6 rhd hicn ythr?c cria ngudi thuc hi€n.
r ) N1 lr. N2 nt EQni t& thi (+ &> g *
O # \a L I : l+ / i€v '<6g* f " . c6quydngh inhdr renbrn@ )t v > f -lzgf; o762sgry<66 g * i-" Du crinh cira thring nay dr.rorc ghi rr6n rich
Trong vi du I n6i riing ngudi nio d6 dd quytin ghi nh6 r6n bin ( dd sau d6 sri dun-s ) vi kdt quri liquydn ghi nhd dd tdn tai Een mdt bin . vi du 2 n6i rnng m6t ngudi nio d6 vi€i du dich crja minh l€nquyCn lich ( dd anh ta khdng qutn n6 ) vi kdi qui li thdi khori bjdu crla anh ra dd tr& n€n rdn tai2) | XZ tt NZ tloong tutr,d-?+b u *EMiu cau niyduo. c dirng khi N2 trong mdu cau r duoc dua ltn thdnh chi d€ trong cru chuyQn .
@ l+tJU:-c-d-i ." Quydn ghi nhd & dau ?. r ( i. . t l + l t l t /L Ot t ;Er , .<&rn * f " d t ren b in .
@ +,E o>?El* rt v> f -li$r, .< b g *f. og ainrr cia thing ndy ghi tr€n quydn lich3 ) DQng tu thd ( + bv ) * f duocd ingddd i€n t i h iQn t rangc r )akd rqu i c i am6 td idug iday
ml m6t ngudi nio d6 vi mQt lf do nAo dCy . Nen n6 c6 thd dien ti nhu trong ctu 5 , 6 , M6r vli chulinbidn duo.c thu.c hi0n . N6 thudng di vdi 6 )
@ ?f t 'dH a /v tv r . rJb iHa(b9 xr " eu l is inhnhf l tdddr rocmua.@ ,t7lt ttb iTtAV<*rr, *f" Khdch san da duo.c dir.
Cht9: C6sr , rkhdcnhaugi&ad0ngt t rhd (+r , ' * f v i (+bg * f ,
@ #a;**=f L \* f " Ct ia sd da b iaong
@ H ,mnA<Ag * f . C r i as t i dab id6ng ( nh r rngvd imor t i don iod6 )vfdg ? chi:m6 ti tinh hudng c&a sd bi d6ng , nhung trong vi du g hlm ! ring mdt ngudi nlo dd c6Thd li ngudi n6i ) d6ng cria sd vdi m6t vlLi l! do hay m6r su j chri ! nlo d6 rrong anh ta . H{u hdt cdcddng t i d i vo i
. ( + t " * ' f r i t ud6ng t i r , cdnc r i cd6ng r td i v6 i \ +&>g* t t e rhad6ng t i l .' / . - '
96 ,ai .nnigu X ddng tir c6 ci cdp tha vir tir ddng til . Xem trong quyiin chinh trang 228 , h Sij;h f filt
6,th
2. I DOngt i r thd ( + Jd** f l
Cdu trrjc ciu niry c6 nghia-- l) Sg hoin thhnh c0a m6t hirnh d6n! cdn rhi€l rr.udc m6t thdi gian nio d6
@ irtiio>*ut:iimtHc(*cE *1" T6i muavdrrudckhidi du tich@ Roh'#*<. lr{q'a L(l+r, r f t ! r ,rrzr(fz1:"
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^::::i:t hinh dQng cdn thi€i rr.ong su chuiin bi cho cdc budc tie.p rheo .q , rJ id4 t {F .z t= ' !
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c h i. i rron g h 6i,n"", "J,lu,l*.lJT
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TOi m u6n xern biCu dirin nhac. d Br.oadrvay .. . . . Nghe hay day nhi .
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O s+".fftF ltVfrI ta547,.4-"' . ' th t*L. , r t * t r i r "
Thinh thoing tOi vin hay dru dl diyThdrhi kh6ng dn diu .
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,tt;ct z1{gNgin rh( 2 rl trcn xudn-e
(7 >Yo),) $.- u-F
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r n e y c h r c u a d 6 n g t i r d u o c r a o - n h u s a u ( X e m t r o n g q u y d n c h i n h , b l i 3 l , t r a n g 4 6 , K . , A i a r IMdm I : Thay dm cudi crla thd * f thinh dm *;;;,' *i cirng diy cia nh'ng dQng vi thcm )Nhcim II : Thcm I ) vio d6ng tu rhd * f
N h 6 m l l l : L * f t r s t h i n h L l i . v i r * * - t - t h i u r h l l ' i?. Crich dirne ddne tri thd rr chf .t) Tlong ciu rh€ thudng . th€ j chi duo. c sti. dung thay cho .._ i L f )
O b t - , Lfh* tru,, ? Nghi m6t chri t khone ?. . . i t , { 6 i . r r n s h i r h 6 i .
@ ,r. Lii{, i r,"@ #ii*o r t,.
z )
nghe c6 ve quy€l tim hsn .
Nghi m6r chtj t cht?
TOi gitip mQt tay nh6
Ong aoo luoc di mic d[ dAy li cAu thd thubng .
Ciu tnic ciu niy rhrrong duo. c dDng dd di€n tri nhrng gi mi ngudi n6i dang suy nghi v€ dicu minh sE
itl l*: rL rhd y chi + I Js 6 r., * f c6 cirng mgt f nghia . DQng tt thd y chi + & # tr.a (r. r* f hlm f ring quvei dinh crra ngudi n6i ouo.,h-u" i," .,"u. a; ;;;;.r
r c''p t)'r t v
@ Hl#rt f f i r : f? : ) &,8r, ,* f" T6idinhcu6i tudnnlydibidoO 4i'b$R{T^r?}: ) l,E.r,,*f" say gi;t6idlnh ra ngnn hhg.chri 'i : Dong tir thd j chi + r i. *.r .' ( r, ' * f c6 rhd sri dung ae aic" ,a au ainh crie ngudi th6 3 .@ 't&,Jti.tr'CpJ:
) L. ,8 .>< trr* t Anh ra dinh li viec d nu6c ngoti .
::T,::j:t:: Tl: ' L D 'e?;u''";;F'didn
ri drr dinh cia nguli n6i rlm di€u si d6, vdA"C: thj lru,*.6,? .:::,
t i du dinh khong tim m6t vi€c gi d6 cria ngu&i n6i .
R ff;T:,: : I E.1F't b1t, t)(f" sau khi vd nudctdi vin r idprucchoiJudo
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tnatE{-hilo fr n ,'6 tt I t<= {nftfufti,.." L g rt, t rgey ffi, .r;iJ#:;::::;
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@ 7 Etr)t*b tr r: F,r y^- u iFi+a?€("s.Tdi dinh di c6ng rdc o Dfc v io cu6i th ing niy
@ tiritlt j I iEr"l <" 6 r'o)-].E("t'Chuyeh di du l ich du dinh khoing I turin .
:
cfiu rrric criu riiy ndi rring mgt didu gi day ehua duoc rhrrc hi€n , hay chua xiy ra .
@ irrt?f l*. */jFfrr \<r, ,*tf lv" Ngnn hing chua in&cta' lD t ; J i - l - . l J t r )#** L / : i , " Ban v i€ - rxongb iocdochua?
. . t ' r , \ i . * E H v . , ( t , . ' * t f , L . . . . C h r r a , t d i c h u a v i d t .
6 f==7V!Tforlg viin vi€t . tu chidinh trong nh6m t drro.c dirng khi ru hay ctru n6i rru6c d6 duo. c n6i t6i . Tuynhi€n thinh rhoing ' trl chi dinh nh6m r duoc dirng thay thd . Trong trubng hgp niy , ngudi vidrmuon m6 t i i cho ngtrdi doc mdr di€u gi d6 rhir s(r tdn tai d d6 .
@ lEirt: lr r,'' L (/) ri(,r' & ?t:tJ h 6. + tLB',i€ L L ., h"*t"Cd m6r cdi mi Tokyo khOng c6 . D6 li rhi€n nhi6n tuoi dep
@ i:/: Lrr:#*kuu't o:r* f &":Ttr 1,..2.1 rf" : a FT tFfitJ 6L, r:.r{ fT* f :u '& I4, \11t tgt .C{i mi toi mong:nrudn nhd't d6 lir " d diu cilng li cria " . Hd mdc6; c&a d6 r.a t6i c6 rhC dib:it cr? {riu mi t6i rnudir .
Drro. c hoc
Hori hoc
Sinh horl hoc
Sinh vat hoc
NOng nghi€p hoc
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t-I x ry. noc
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ri'q+ - * vnt t! hoctH Khoa hoc co bin
t^r+ Ky rhuar chd bic'n 96 hgc': /. L : i.,/, i
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ddi# Didn hsc&'&fii'* co khi hec
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Bii 33
. ,la,"n tao thd mfnh lOnh cria dQng tir ( Xem trong quydn chinh , bii 33 ,trang 62 , phdn ffiH *f lDQng t irnh6m I : Thayddi Am cudi cfra d6ng.tr idthd *t rhlnhimciavdn iDQng ttnh6m II : Them 4 vio dQng t irdthC *fD Q n g t t n h 6 m I I I : L * f t h i n h L 5 ; 3 * f r h l n h l L \
j
Qhti i : nhiing d6ng til phi j chi nhu *r/,6,t g 6,&> 6 fhongc6 dang m€nh lgnh .2) crich tao thc cdm dodn crra dQng ril ( Xem rong quycn chfnh , bii 33 ,trang 6? , phcn bf;E, e rlThtrn. l3_.y5 cud. i cira d6ng tir d dang tr) dirin .2. C6ch sri dune ddne t_t d thd m€nh l€nh.vi thd cdm ttoin .I ) Thd m€nh r€nh cria d6ng tU drro. c sr? dung dd ol, ffinu" rim m6t didu gi d6 , vi rhd cdmdo:in ra l€nh cho ngudi khdc kh6ng duoc rim m6r didu gid6. ci hai roqicau
"t;;, ";';;';m€nh ldnh ra'r manh n€n rh'bng it drro. c dilng . Trong v{n n6i , hai loai ciu n}y chi gidi han d namgi6i
2) ci hai thc m€nh ienh vi thd cdh tlodn drroc s& dung don ld hay dar d cudi cdu cia nhftng trutmghoU sau dtly
(l) cdch n6i cira nh0ng ngubi cL rudi hay nh[ng ngudi c6 dia vi cao ddi vdi nhilng ngrrdi d'di cr]aanh ta , hay c4ch n6i crla bd vdi con . ,
- , r i - - i\y +:- \ {*6 Di ngi Egay di@ . E*L6l.t C{m dufe d6n trE d{
O +<r*a
. (2) Giua ban trai vdi nhau . Trong rilng h'p niry , rrs r& J rhucrng duoc sri dr;ng d cudi cru rim
cho dm di€u c0a cAu n{rg nhiLng hon . j
@ &> Ltt ) bi-*r, ',tt I i *ru, mai ddn nha tao choi nhc
@ b* g f r t r h t J l r M i ydungc6u6ngnh iduqudd {y . .
, (3) Khi kh_'nc dtl thdi.gian dd n6i qia rich su, khi chi din cho mQt lugng ng'di l6n rrong nhi m6y
hay trong nhiing truln! hqp kha'n cfp , Ngay ci rrong nhtng trubng hgp nry chi nhfrng nruu, nuo.utudi hay c6 chrlc .rri cao hon mdi duoc sri dung
@ i&ff 4" , Chay di@ : f r r^- l - t { f r . i l t , Khongdrrqcstdgngrhangmdy(v i t rongtru&nghopbi r
dong dal )(a) Khi mcnh l€nh duo.c yeu cdu trong khi huan ruy€n nhidu ngrrdi , hay ra l€nh cho hoc sinh rirm
bhi tap hay tep luyen
@ f & ) . 'Th6i nghi di
@ fffu1c" : cdm kh6ng dugc nghiary(5) Khi cd vfi thd rhao ' Trong rrulng hgp niy nhtng cau dudi day thinh thoing c'ng duo.c nti gi6i
{ r
s& dung
@ HiF*r.@ A $ 6 r r
@ t* *L
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Clm drloc vio .
I
Cci gring len
Khong duoc thur diu d3y .(6) Khi cdn truyin dat cho d6i phuong ngin gon , {n ruong , vf du nhu ciic tin hitu hay ciu ra r€nh
trong giao th6ng . I
ry& Ddng trrrhe * ' l - +. / l3f 1 l i m6t dang m€nh lQnh khdc, N6 duo.c b6rne sudung d6i
vrii con crii ' hay thcy cd girio st dung cldi vdi hoc sinh vi nd rich srr hon thd m€nh l€nh d tr€n .Ndnnd gidi sri dung thd niy th'y cho thE'mtnh r6nh d tr€n .Nh,rng thd niy kh6ng duo.c dirng vdi nhftngngudi rr€n minh .
@ f!5fi Urr * r, '" Hoc di
3. . ' '&ff i4*f vn . . ,&*r, ,(bg*f.
@ bo)i*+tj{ii L#,t}/,-e:i_h\ ChtHrin kra doc nhu thdnio&rt : t : rJ t* tU &*1. ' (b CI * . f . Ch8' d lng ta i ,duoc ghi &ch6kia,
C t rongvidu l4 , l5dugcs&dunggidng & t rongmdu ._ lL \U\*_r- (b1 i 2 l )
..! ngnla la X
^-&Eu\ts Lt: du$'sridung khi truycn dat rircia ngudi rhr?3 ( trong bii2r ), cdn -& r,.,:Tut*Ln duocdingddt6mr i tn6 i dungtruy€ndatc iangrrd i thr?rr t reoy. , ia- in t , .
@ E + 3 /"ttr | &>Lttl*h_*.f.t & E.r(r,,* L/c.Anh Thnaka rt6i lh ,, ngiy mai nghi,,.
@ E+ 8/,{ts, Lt:{t{,. LE oTv.* Lt.Anh Thnaka n6i li ngiy mri anh ra nghi .
Loai cdu nAy duoc dirng dC dinh nghia m6t tU trong tnrgng hop niy li )i . VA & r,,, ) li mot dangc ia &1"1 , ' * f .T rongc tuh6 i th i & : t , \ ) d r ro .cd ingddh6 i ngh iac ia t t
.'
@ rsa ' * i t r f t ^6r rLu. iE*( " f " " rch i i r iK insh i ,c6ngh ia r ig i?@ =a? -2 l f g i i l \ )H *T f r , " e { im6cn i yc6ngh ia lAg i?
#i&*f UEi a f v i-i .g.Xf-t-o . . . c6 nghia lt c6 thC siAt duoc bang mdy
Loai ciu niy dugc sri dung khi mu6n nhb ai d6 mQt crich iich su ad truydn d4t ldi nhin cia minh cho
ngudi thf 3
@ , y3/, ,( : l1h.<€,a8* ( /J5v..r &Ei(r, ' / i ' /JtJ*i f l "r t ' .
Anh lim on c6 thC n6i gi6p v6i anh Wang t6i sE goi di€n lqi dutrc kh6ng '
zt f+*rtl,ar. ffiff l. a Lf--o t <-74 -{t 6 0+n' b ff L E i < r'' 't:lJtt *riA'i 'o
i , _ . , . . -Anh lim on:cO the nhan grup anh watanabe li bta tifc ngly mai blit ddu tir 6 gid cho t6i
dugc kh6ng
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Ddng tir V1 thd rir diiinDQng tir V 1 thd tDanh tir O
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l ) v l t l i D t : . v iCiu niy.c6.nghia lilm dring hing d6ng V2 theo V I
O i : / : L i J i tb t * : U t ; , t . : ( ( f : .d r , , "@ * > t : L t r E ) t . t i 9 { ; . g 1 \ ( < f j g r , , "@ F , t l Js r , t i t F6L( ( H* r , . .
DQng tt thd trong rtr didn duoc dirng khi hinh d6ng Vlduoc dring khi hAnh d6ng Vl di duo.c rhtrc hi0n r6i .
Hiy llm dring nh&ng gi nhu t6i lim
Hny lim dring nhiing gi nhu t6i n6iN6i dring nh[ng gi anh di thdy
sE dVgc llm tir hic d6 , cbn ddng rir lhd
2) N O & t i ' r t : .clu niy c6 f nghra li hhnh d6ng v sE. duoc lim rheo nheng gi duo. c bidu rhi bdi N
@ ffi.a LIit) (., ffi&Et.r(( /j*r,.,. cir si4theodrtngdbng k€
Loqi cdu niy di€n rA hanh d6ng hay sr1 kiQn phdt sinh du.c biCu rhi birry y2 riyhay su ki€n duoc bidu thi bAng Vl hay N
G) ffiLv,o)'-_H,cl:&>t ("., /t< L/:Ef,ff2;g2r1,D * Lt"Sau khi r6i mua ddng hd mdi , roi lai rim thty cilicfi t6i dd llrn m{t .
o ftg,ah t T, *.h':.'frg*ti/,i,^
z .-:..
Sau khi xong vitc , minh cing nhau di u6ng di ( dday li dn nhAu vi u6ng nrgu )Cllu V (+ z1'6 c6 clng nghia , tuy,nhi€n V t b I nheh manh rhoi gian crla mach v6n mA cric
su kign xiy ra trong d6 . :
J .
D Q n g t i r V I l i h i n h t t Q n g h a y d i C u k i e n l d i c i r n g v d i , h i n h d d n g V 2 . T r o n g v i d u @ @ . M l u c a u
niy dirin ti vi€c xi ddu duoc su dung.hay kh6ng khi hinh d6ng /:^r*f xiy ra . vl vi v2 duocthr,rc hign b&i cing mdr'ngudi . :
@ t,r. iv l*. t t(A^{*f. T6i chem xi ddu rdi an .@ l,- r i vi*.>tttL'<A^{*f" chdng t6i in kh6ng c6 xi dau .
16
4 . V 1 the /ltrr + /3r.r1- * ULoai cttu niy dro.c sir dung khi ngrrli n6i muo'n n6i irnh ta kh6ng thr.rc hi€n hinh d6ng Vlthuc hiCn V2 mi rh6i .
@ ErEE ttg: [{i7)r/31r1'. ) br,,i.> < v) lt4**.t.Chti nhit t6i kh6ng di deu hdr mi chi d nhi nshi rh6i .
Nau 5n
ml chi
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3 5 , r r a n g 7 8 , p h C n f * B a f ID6r rg tU:
' Nh6m I : Thay dtii rm cudi clng cria d6ng rir d thi! * f sang vdn i vi th€m rrNh6m IJ -Theni il{d vio d6ng tir d thd g d-NhdmI I I : * * f th inh < i l , t f , L* f rh inh l tL$
Tirrh tt'r du6i L r: b6 du6i u. ciu d(T{ tir dudi t, , them f lir,lfTinir itauoi /t: b6 du6i lf .,lo tint ririludi t rhem /C bDanh t& : Chi cCn thcm lt 6 vio cudi ciu .2 . u ciu di€u
sri dung cdu didu ki€n , phcn trudc cia ciu niy n.u ldn didu kidn ccn cia vd cdu sau .Khi chri rrgf cira vd ding t'udc'gidng v€'sau cua ciu didu ki€n , chring ta kh6ng duoc str dung dongtir f chi trong ci hai vdcrja ciu rrong cirng m6r thdi didm .t ) Khi n6i diCu ki€n cdn cho suki€n nio d6 .
O frF >t lEt l f . Hrt f f iB*f" Net t 'n nr i r rh icr iasds6md@ {&rr?Ttttj. bt- L6ffiF *f. N€t anh ta dithi toicfins di@ p'L'15if 6. rq-r : ) r:s2; p 2 g f. we'u trdi dep thi co ttrd nhil thdv hdn drio d dang
trudc .. i
2 ) Khi nr5i v€ quydt dlnh cria ngu&i n6i v€ m6t didu gi d6 mi nguli khdc n6i@ llr't:EErl7Jrtfi,tt. .- tr(.fiti, g * L -t r. Ngu kh6ng c6 y' kidn gi thi kdr rhric d
dayo b L/:*(l: r.d-. l. alt s lrrJhrt/t. 9 *.t Lrt,.
. . *err b^ &BE F * ([:& L( ( Hd r,r.T6i phii nQp bdo crio tru6c ngiy mai kh6ng a ?Ndu kh6ng kip , thi hay ndp rrudc rhf.sdu .'
thti.1j Cd nh&ng mlu didu ki€n gi6-ng ghau mi ban sE di hoc rru<jc d6 .t l l -&f ironetl j zt )
' -e duo.c !i-ng lhi kei qui phv thuo.c vio hinh d6ng duoc n6i trudi dd, D6 rd nhfng ciudiCu kien c6 thd phrin dodn n0'u rhrrc hienlrinh d6ng hay c6 m6r hien nio xiy ra thi ch6c chdn s€ c6tll u* qui
thrr dr.r dorin . ^'& kh6ng sri dung duoc khi cau dd ri udc mud,n , phi{n dorin , su cho
phep . yeu ciiu ctiu ngtrdi n6i .
@ : : &f if & . l .r7rttr* *f. an cri i nrit niy thi cria sE m&.@ cfngc6rhddr)ng - tJ thaycho &
@ : :'atrfliflJ. '1..-7rrFfr * *f.
t?l -t=6 (Doc biri 25 )
\ :
1 '
Gi6ngnh r rnh i i ngg ib?nhoc t rongb l i 25 , - t 6 c6ha i cdchs r i dung : ( l ) n6 r r l oa i c rud i€uk i€n .(2) n6 di€n ti hinh d6ng fray tinh hudng s€ xiy ra khi mdt di€u kirn nao d6 ddy dri .
@ F*Fuli i lei.,e tz6, f r L"tB*tt/r. Ne.u kh6ngcd thbi gian toi sE kh6ng xemTV .@ l+FElrrttt*rtt, i v CAR*t/," Ndu kh6ng c6 thdi gian t6i s€ kh6ng xem TVx E$fqlri/3; \L7 v L"AF.*if i ..,"
@ FH^* / : 8 . t f L r f f i gL ( ( t * r , . " N€uddh rokvo th i l i €n raccho r6 inhd .x .HH.-*ir,rJ, t,oiEtgL(( tgr,"
Trong vf du @ @, ,--r. b. -rJ c6 thd su dung , kh6ng giiing nhu - & n6 dugc di cirng v6i dud i n h c f r a n g u d i n 6 i . T 4 o n g v i d u @ . u y n h i € n , c h i c 6 - f = 6 c 6 t h d d u o c s r i d v n g b & i
" i " r ' , i n * ocr lav€ t rudcv iv€sou ihc i lngmorngr rd i v id6ngt i rc r iac iha i vdrhdQngr i r f ch i .Tuy . - / :b cdpham vi s& dung r6ng hon trong vin n6i , nhu d cdc vi du rr€n , nhrrng n6 thrrong kh6ng duoc sri dungtrong v6n vi€t, hty trong c6c bdo c6o thuons mai .
3. fNEE=lN lt 6 cfrng duo.c s& dung khi ngudi n-6i-vi mor dieu gi d6 mi didu niy dd duo.c dua ra bdi m6tngudi khdc r'
@ if i fr t :?t*tr , \ ,L(f , i . &.:rrL\L\Ff i t&> g *t ! tui , .. . .fiiHtrra. '&i#arv\L.,rftro
TOi mudn di.t6m sutfi nudc n6ng , kh6ng bidr cd ch6 nlo ttrroc kh6ng nhi ?. . . Ne'u li su6i nudc a6ng thi Hakuba duoc da'y .
.l .
Loai c0u ndy dlng dd.h6i v€ mQt rdi khuycn hay m6r su phdn dorin hgpr rf nh{t cho m6t rinh hudngnio d6 . N6 thucmg dugc s& dgng non, nn*,
";"; r;;;;; ; -;;;.';;;] ;il:trong bi i 26. VidU ldvi 13 c6nghia holn toin gidng nhau.
19 E&,IEq tu' , ,{"."3-1i. . .A )-f tLl lv\r\<ir\ T6i mudn muon si{ch,phdi l im thdnio thi duoc .
@ #tl#g l :u\/vr-d-r i . E ) Lt: f u,r, . ,( f / ,"
G)-E-- t ir,xo#frr*HrilJ. H< tr&..i1.*t:/39 gnNhac cia Beatles cing nghe cing thdy thich .
@, : y = > ftNt4-la;ffiHir 6ffi +/rt* l.L,,r,.,<"f,Mriy tinh ciich ding cing don giin cing to-t .
)9
Dong tt hoy tinh tir gidng nhau duoc dit trudc lt,/ ft! vn ir &' trong mor cau gidng nhau . Loai
ciu niry di6n ti mr?c dQ trong phdn-sau cria ciu ngiy cin-e ting cDng v6i mric d6 cia v€'tru6c cia
c i u .
ftDJrgii Sdng dtu s€.quen d6
Mdt ciy l im ching l€n non , ba ciy chum lai n€n hdn nri icao
C6 cbng mii sit cua ngly n€n kim , tich tidu thinh dai
Vla n6i Tio Thdo , Tio Thrio dd tdi .
N6i dung hdn hinh th['c--Ni'u
tham lhm nhidu vi€c nhi€u qud cudi cirng ching
J { ! : ' L f r , , ' . 1 { r , t=A#i,Lrft4d)*0.8
b.?J bfg t ltlf ilr l /r 6! ! ' i l
i.bt?.t:.tjtuIt t , ta/-:; & t a : r r L r ' /
E*FE E if?=duo. c viQc gi .
\
Bni 36D6ng tt Vt thi rt didn
I
D Q n g t i r v l t h i r r u . I J ) { : , v 2
Ddng tir-v I rr€tr l€n {! do hay mqc tieu , cbn vz ngu l€n hirnh d6ng c6 j thric dd dar duoc dic{ d6
@ g < ii(lf 6 J i t:f; F ffiH L(r.'*f" T6i rhu&ng tuy€n t6p hing ngiy dd boi nhanh .'Muc
t i€u . . . hinh dgng . hon
@ Stl/er, ' tr ) l :. I + L( < rJ d r, ' . Hay ghi lai dd khong kh6i quen .Lj do hinh d6ng c6 j thric
Thi t irdidn crla d6ng t[v6 thr?c nhu l;f i ,q *.f , bi*.t, ff i : i*f. ttg *.f trong ui du(O) hodc d6ng tir trong rhd phri dinh trong vi du @ c6 thd st dung trudc I i (l
I ) /f I * j. c6 nghia chuyCn tir trang th6i niy sang trang rhrii khric. D6ng rt duop sri dung d dAydi€nt indngl rchay,kh inangnhuni r fngdQngt i r bzJ 'u)* t , :o a* . l .DQngt t r thct i ld icn+ I i l:a I *f neu diEn ri sulchuy€'n r'tinh hudng kh6ng rhd thrfc hiQn duqc sang mo.ttinh hudng c6 thd rhqc hi€n duo.c .j COn agng t& thC /3ur +. /t< ttg tf di€n ti sg viQcnguo. c lai
@ Ea#B1.tilf. ,i(tf 6l j t;./r q *t"Ne'u luyen tap hAng nghy , thi s€ c6 rhC boi duo.c
@ tc I H*EiEl:** l6J ) l : rrs * Lf:"Tap mdi ddn gid t6i m6i c6 rhd di duoc xe dap
@ +tW.,6 t . 4.3r, ' ,?/r i f ie) lJ< /Jv) *f"C6 tudi thi tr& n€n kh6ng doc duoc chi nh6 .
@ t0 * L/: i l '6. f f t /Jf iErr€b*r,rr( , .et)*. t , t :"
TOi bdo rr n€n kh6ng milc duirc qudn iio minh rhich .
2 ) c{ch dua ru ciu trd ldi phri dinh ddi v6i cnrr hoi - l i { : /J g * L/: i ' nhusau.
A '2 a t ivl l \ l$1t6 I i l : /3 9 g Lt:f i ," Anh di drinh duoc nhac Chopin chua ?. . . r.rL.\i. * tt#lriiil" . . orua, t6i vln chua diinh duoc
chri f : Tr-ong qirydn chinh kh'ong bin vi cich su dung nhu trong vf du g,9 . Trcng cr{ch sri dung niy ,dOng t ir khdng mang t inh khri ning ,mi rnang t lnh th6i quen . N6i vd m]t didu gi khdng tdn tai trudc
d6 nay di xiy la .
@ F AAtt 100 F ( b v'n't-D' b rF[^|{1'la6 eA^{ 6 J ) t: r* I * Lt:"
1 4 -
Ngrrbi Nhlt birt df,u trb n€rr irn thit b6 vi lon tir mot trim nim tru6c diy '
O EtH.'>ah'b. i r t v$b*++'\ : /J( /r U * Lf:"
Sau khi mui re 6tb ' tOi dh trd n€n i t di b6 hon
D Q n g t i r n h u / c * i . s . , s J 6 . t i t 6 c 6 n g h r l b i d r r d t j i t r o n g b i n r h f i n t i r d 6 k h 6 n g d u o . c s u d u n g
ttong looi clu rrirY '
M i u c f i u n i r y n 6 i l e n l i q u y d t t l m t h u c h i d n h u y k h 6 n g r h u c h i 6 n m 6 t d i c u g i d 6 n r a n g t i n h l i € n t u c
@ 6F i€EJr L ( . ' fF I -cbA^6r ) 1 ; 1 - ( t " i f '
HIng nghy t6i luon vin d6ng vir nn tdt ci cic loai thfrc in '
@ f f { ( :g l , ' t f i ' r ) . f r , ' l f ) tA^ l3v ' I i l : L<L \ * f '
D6 nggt kh6ng tdt cho rlng nen ' t6i tr:inh kh6ng an '
zi : i i - i :ut<t t - ! ]Ji I : tsvt( #3 v ' l i r loai cau dd ngh! t ru 'c t idp' cbn *] ) l l L( < / j 3v '
'r 'r': -.. ;i i: -r.., r{, '.{^ .ir drrng trons cdc tinh hudng sau 'I
lo4i ciu,dd ICU Ci.tl tidp lich su hon ' Loai clu nhy duoc su dung trong cdc tinh hudng sau "
! r ! i l . , , l r - ^ . , , ' , U . 1 / l , l i e n t U C .
t i I ft i od nehi mQt ngLrdi lhm di€u gi d6 thudng xuytn vir li€n tuc ''
: L ( ( / j 8 t , ' ' 'L - : I ' l i l * t A ^ 7 s l ) l
Cd trn nhidu rau hon n[ra vito '
Khi d€ nghi mQt ai d6 cd ging ltrr-rr mOt di€u gi da'y trong mqt hoin cinh bi han chd vi nhu
rI?
\ z l
.: thbi gian .
@
Lim or ta'Y cho tdi it mu6i '
/ * C v .
vin n6i nhi€u4 .
3 L
*L i . du-d.c ding trong
crich chia dQng ti rhdbi dQng ( Xem guydn chinh , bii 37, trang 96, pha.n
Dong rL thd bi dgng
/ ' 3 * f t1,t'tv*.t fi,rf it,6I tF ) * f Ity.;r=tu*.t t t .b4tL5e * f| * -J-
:6 ; ix* f
c 4 t , x I
: trtua
sfi,6
1 . D9ng tir thd bi dong
Eni 37
Tdt ci cric .t6ng tt ,f.,9 Ui U.On,\ .
V idu nhu: I 'h ' tv6. / , / , fL ( /Ar , ' ' ) . / , / , * l ( ,
2 .
gi{o khen.
hay thd
:: ::: :jl:::i::1,n0 : :*.,,0",,uffic6,hd kc hi n6,hong::: ::.1
ti c'a anh.ta bing crich s& dung rhd bi d.ns . Trong rrurrng hep oty , "r*;;; :: ffi;'chrl ddc&a ciu , ngul i thf I I <luoc bidu thi bangrrott l ; ,vi sau d6 li dQng tlddang bi d{ng .- .
J E E U I ) T = U t & b * L t " Tha'y gir{o khen r: . _ _ E;4 -/ dr (/,Lo I nay glAO khen toi@ tll*ft+.1:,Wu) btu* Ut" roiauoc *,ey gii"EtJfI l: H r,, Ul t ffi4 *. L /:" M9 nhd tOi di mua dd@ fl.ltEt:Hv.MJ*ffi*.tu* Ll:" Tdi bi menhddi muattdc6 mQt vii v't chuvdn dQng nh' ( dQng vat, *" u,u .'. . j :; ; ;;;;r nguli thrl rr trong mau cduniy .
@ ftr , t t { : r ' * f , r* L l : " T6ibich6 cdn
3 .
Khi hinh ddng cia r*O
kh6 chiu hay kh6ng,*n,,r"u.,io ; ilr;;L ;,j; ::#ill,;;JlL iJil'n*'*,,$tlars'/ = >tdt-* L l:" Em trai tdi l im h6ng .ly ,int .,:oiol@ illt#{: t<l =>&ffittr,* Lf:. T6i biern rrai rdi l im h6ng mriy tinh
Gio'ng;hi cau-rr€n , con var hay mdr dd vdt chuydn d6ng c6 thd thay th6 ng'di thr? ) .O f l t :Jt l :+&n,*f i ,= Ll : . Toi b i con chd c6n vlo:ay I
ch0 i: l) T'ong rndu c6u niy chri di cira ciu khdng phii ri ddi ,*gt lo:l .,io d.ng rir nhung ngr.rdithf nhi't ( NI ) ' co thd cam thay kh6 chiu bdi crii mi ng'di thr? II lim dtji vd,i ddi tuong ttruoc vd h9 .Vf du c'u tLoot<y =', l t* l .- f f i tL* L/: . xt,ong chrnh ,u. , . , , .r" oo", ",0r
4 rhay cho
Nr(nsud i th , i l )H@
t 3
cau niry .
2) Miu ceu rren dugc ding khi ngubi thr? nhdt cim thdy kh6 chiu bdi ngubi thf hqi ' n{ kh6ng duoc
dt rn_ekh i ngud i rh fnh{ ic imtha 'y tho i i md i v inh i tngg ingud i rh t?nh6t lhm.Lr icd6miu - ( t rb
! . '"x. f se dud. c dtrng thd cho mdu clu bl dQng .t : & L e g r t t
@ fl.r*tsi*t:E]q*-Ftl6ry-Vs5 5i,.,* Lt. Toi duoc ban sua cho xe dap .
x f l . l tEi* t :A#HtVe!*r* Lt .
A
Khi bqn kh6ng cdn n6i'dCn ngudi mi ah li,m ne,nn dQng dugc thd hien brng dQng ttr trong ciu ' ban
c6 rhd tao ddi tuong cr)i dQng tt lirrn chir ngfi cria ciu . Trong truong hgp niry ngubi ra cong dtng th€
bi dQng
o 7 r r^<Ef)E*oa/rft.e3ir,* Ll:"MQt brlc tranh c{i cia NhAt Bin duoc tim tha'y d Ph:ip '
@ n Aareut{ii$'-&tE 5x11r.' r*f"X€ ot6 cta l\ttat drro.c xudt tr€n tohn thd gidi '
O 4#rt++F<F#,1'tr* ut "'
F{Oi nghi tluc td chrlc tai Kobe
Khi rnQr vtt ndo d6 dug.c tao ra , hay duoc tim thf , n6c6 thd duoc kcbing ceu bi dong , ngudi dn
tao rahay t im thayn6duo .cb idu th i b i ng l : I a ( dngaysaun6 thaycho l : .Dong t i r nhu i '
3 *f . tJ, &)1, \ L tf . IJc ll /vL Ef -' . thucmg duo.c st dung trong nhtng mAu cau nhy'
@ rifd'#i#t rtk"*ffir: J a (#i'it* Lt.. TruyQn Genjiduoc vidt b&i Murasaki
: : Shikibu
@ €E6l*^{ tvl1. t .><FEi 3 *. S U f." DiQn tho4i duoc phdt minh b6i Bell
@@
r-j -r .' i
c - tv 11.fi 1' grig b lL "x. f .
Eaf.a?:fttttsbtr.* L/:.Bia duo.c llm tir hia mgch '
Ngiy xua nhi crja Nhqt Ben du. oc llm bing 96
i : rt4-l-. i t , . t \ J Ie I
(.h < Chet
n , 4\ /
&'#'a-a(Mdy bay) roi
l -I ,r'! ffi{," cin
-.-.-r
-l ,\ ,+'(i
{E\ (i:*'r:'( -D0m bin ra "'th'*..ra
e*F* 6 Damph[a sau
]):r..- _ .i'-'t,'frLft#;t
. } q v
t b Dud6 t ' 4 i t y ? t 6Crrop mriy bay ,
r{ i i t - ,
l&xi-6, 4 . - * .
/ -'i'l'"t"'.,;'i'l\
r ' { - - , \,t- u. 1 \ .t .:.
'v
\ . r ' " . t
t " ir ! - - r . ! ; , *
wtt 6
a . . fr-.?_^\_ --. _- ' ' \ ---t_ .r_ _
- t1 \ - ' ; - - '
--,- "lt
L
t---:. ''t:t-
.--'- a[1.fr' ' . u l, r ' t + ' ") (
. l a t' ,#-;::-\ I
ffiB
( ( _
?#il't-a dr*J"
Bei 38l- tir thd thudne + O
Them uq tri O vi dQng tir thd thudn-q ta c6 thti danh tU hod d6ng tt d6 .
2 . tu thd tu ttiin .Dlt tinh tir t
O 7 = z t X F E L \ < f . '[bnn is rXt hay .
@ 7 =zt t5otJ f f i Hu ' ( " f ' choi tennis rdt thr i v i
@ 7 =ztR.6Ol*ff i 'HL' '<-r-" Xem ddnh tennis c0ng rxt hay .
O n6i deh tennis vdi ru crich li m6t m6n thd thao , cdn @vi @ n6i ddn viEc choi vir xem'lbnnis .
C d c t i n h t i r n h u t r f z J " L r . . . t 3 L r , ' , # 6 L 4 r , ' . t - - D L v ' . 8 t ' / " t / i l . l : t , ' ^ l " t / 3 J , . . .. i
thudng duo. c dirng u'ong loai c{u niry .
Q: tir thd rfi diin o)di Tinh tt Tf.
@ +LtitrEn;tr3 ('t" Toi rhich hoa
@ .fi l lXfya-H< 6Drt\r1* -Cf" Toi thich tr6ng hoa.
@ FHOAI*S ( Ot*Fl"("ir -.{ Ngubi Tokvo di bd rft nhanh .
Tinh tir s& dung trong.loai c&u nly thulng li tinh tt n6i l€n sr,r thich thd hay kh6ng thich , hay khii
n i ngk€mhayddv idunhu fS t t l , t b r , ' [ / l ] . U I i f t l j l . ^ ' / : [ / t ] . l t t L \ . * i t r , . | . . ' -
Di qudn kh6ng llrn. :,-=t,-=;;
Qu€n kho6
Qu€n kh6ng mua sfa
Qu0n khdng khori cfra sd xe 6t6
. Dbng tir thi tn ot.Hit,* Lt
@ D'* t'Et"u* Lt"
@'ts"H,'a*i ) at$tu* Lt:"t ! . L
@ H')#.*lflyj. 6 a t,E-tt'*. Lt--.
v idq @'n6 i r ingngr ib i t rongcaud6ph i imuas i ranhwrganhtad iquen.cbnv idq @ n6 i r ing
antr ta phai ddng c&a sii nhrrng anh ta dd qu€n viec d6 ve rdi xe v6i c&a sd m0 .
t ir thd thudms o)t*q->-C.v\*tfi
Legi 'ceu niy dd h6i ngudi nghe- c6 bie't gi v0 mf nh dd duo. c dlt tru6c a hay kh6ng ' '
. r f - r t t . : k
@ dt* * ruA, X ntdiF'l- a at *0 a ( t, '* f zl'" Ban c6 bidt anh Suzuki th{ng sau cu6i
khong ?
'g!,*.,1 , Sqkhdc nhau gi0a L U '-* ' i t fu vir L 4 *1ttu( Ll:' '
O ^+'tA /.i:#b + Lf:tE-i*t'f:_otfu ':(r,'*fi '.
. . t \t, ' ' i. *o \ *t A'T Lt--"
B,qn c6 bidt anh Kimura c6 con chtra 1-
Ch-ir , t6i khong biet .( bay gid t6i nghe anh n6i t6i m6i bi€t )
9 i'7 - 3 l.a{l,Ffi t*t'(r.'*f i '.' ' ' 1 . \ 1 " i . * ! 9 * t l ' "
' $nh c6 biei diu.chi cia anh Mil ler kh6ng ?
3t
t.i+.r'' .t
:: lre * r1r: D ft iLrEEa tt, g /3rrr11"1."
Noi mi con gdi toi duo. c sinh ra li m6r rhi rrih nhd d Hokkaido
# j:-r:,: :I5 !'l t:1' rhri n g r 2 toi b6n-n n n *on, n,.-:+t_*,rt Lv,.aft,z,E ri al.,al ,'.
tur Dan nhar rrons namMdu cdrr nr\y duo.c si dung khi danh ,_ rr, ;,;" .;" ;,b4n
nhi' rrong nam ri rhring r2
danh tir d<j trd thinh ,n"n, o1 "0, "r" . i,* ;;ffi';rt*':,or, ."" lrlff #.,ff:: 3 ;;" ngiy b6n nhdi trong nim " dusc dra lcir thinh,*;, OU cria.cdu, ngudi n6i sE duatin cd.li€n quan vlo vE sau cia ciu . " ' "'"e' sg uua cou ' ngudi n6i sE dua ra nhtrng th6ng
I o,ing-ifV-----T[nh tri tlu6i lr rTinh tri rtuoi ftl']Dnnh t r lN f i
I, Th€'thu{)"'i---..--.---..--.--
. Thdthuong Ibd li them --/r vriJ
L',*;;;: ' l : l '
IJAEiETE7)zJt $ /{R t*itt6Ho,r. 3 rcFi.e&. * i" * uf.: :r
t i ' r6i slnh ra rui thi treh nh6 tui Hokku
Khi mer m6i hay khi bu- ' ff i€a'E'I, 'ftf"
@ &*futa ur.ut . ' "chr in t6 i thuong nh6ddnqucnhi '
r& rrjc sinh ra d€h "u, ,.i**,lfj:::;:.'- "
7 .
Kh6n.r r6i khOng bidt ( t6i kh6ng cr5khi rnh hdi tdi t6i c[ng kh6ng bicl )
Ngiy rei duang lich tir ti I _ 3/l
m6t chdt th6ng tin nio vd dia chi cia anh tir , vii sau
e t r
C6 rCr nhi€u tro tirc6,hrU, -
@ mal.r;i-5j;[? -ii-fi l i]:ctrongb]i23,bdi vi & I hdanhrir
A E Eo.t*2 *: g 6 d ) F' t ,
t {/"
Jb'A
fi.q.F,t t i t . t -
X4t+g
Ngiy h6i bdpbe 3A dinh cho nhBng ngrrli c6 con grii ddng lim brip bdNgr\y cho rre em _s/S
Ngiy Nguu Lang vi Tnic N&gep nhau 7nLC h0i Obon l3 - I 5 /g moi ngfdi thudng trd vi quc rhim m6 td ri€n.LC ngdm rrring l5l9D6m giao thrla . 3 l / t2
J 7
Bei 39l
D6ng tir thd (
D0ng tir thd tt,\+t < <Tinh t ir duoi l / \ b6 1,.+( ( I _:,
Trong miu cf,u niry , phdn tht? nhe-t cia c0u n€u len lj do vi phdn thri 2 cia ciu n€u I6n kdt qui duoc
tao tir lj do d6 . Kh6ng gidng nhu -i'6 bSn di hoc trong bii 9 , mdu c0u niry c6 rit nhiiiu han
chC trong*cich ditirg
1 ) Tir d.1t d phdn cu6i ciu duoc gidi han trong m6t sd ti sau , n6 kh6ng man-s tinh i chi
( f ) DEng t i l v i t inh t i rb idu h i€n cdm r r j c nhu ' ( .1 (o < I i6 , b / .L / - i6 . : *5 . 3
( . t tL r , ' ' ^ r ) * t ,L t . . € / - tJL t : . , .
@ = = * z a f f i L \ ( , ( I - > 1 v ) L * L l : . T 6 i r { t n g a c n h i d n ; a u k h i n g h e b i n g
@ FWr*Zte< (. ffi Ll,'<f X. T6i rii budn vi kh6ng gqp duo.c gia dinh
( 2 ) Dgng tir & dang khA n4ng vl d6ng tir di€n ti trang thdi
@ tsEe rt+,i5?ZlEi< <. 17fi*.t /-. H6m rhrtbiy t6i c6 viec n€n kh6ng diduo.c
@ A8lrtF[tir", I < ,]r' 9 *t/-< L/:. clu chuy€n rai phri'c tap n€n toi khong hiCu lim( 3 ) 1lnh hinh trong qui khrl . ,
, .@ : t6tDi&;'? <, /{z riE1t1 1- g t,'* L /:" Do c6 tai npn n€n xe buft tldn ch{mf t d l i J J ( L t ]
@ ts # t:;Elr,< . ftkt:nytrn* L/:" T6i ddn rnuon hsc nen bi thCy gi{o miing
2 ) Miu cAu c6 f chi ( sE lirm gi dry , dat hing , mdi , y€u cdu ) khong duoc sir dung trong phAn sau
s a u c i r a c d u . K h i p h d n s a u c i a c a d l i d d n g t l y c h i , d a n g c i u v d i ( k h O n g s r i d u n g d t t o c t h a y
viLo d6 li;!' 6 s€ drro. c sri dr,rng ;@ ftf3t, ' ' i f / 'B. &ff i f : f i4a/3u' 'T( / j t r , ' ' .
x fr /r< <. {#tfr l : f ;46t ' ,11( f j$1r.
R{t nguy hiCm ndn kh6ng duqc sd viro
m{y
3 ) Trong m{u-inu ;iy , piii'r thf r{hrt vi phin thr? 2 crla cnu phii diEn ra kd tidp nhau li€n tuc .
Trong t& khfc , phCn thri nhiicia ciu xiy ra trutirc vi phdn thr?? xiy ra sau d6 .
, .@ .b u+:Aatara rJ *f irb. + n i|eii$ urlliLlj/r I *t'{,"Ngiy mai c6 hQi nghi nen h6m nay phi i chui in bi
x &> Lt:AiEh;h.>a , 4 E #'|ffi LlttltLltrrD **.u l'"
2 [TElTrg tir t ban hoc tiong bhi nhy chi d6ng vii trb tro tU chi nguy€n nhin . Danh tit st dgng trong
trudng hoo niy lir nhftng danh tt v€ hiQn tugng tu nhi€n, sq cd ba't ngd , ching han nhu +tl. ro#.
k+ . Vdi miu ciru d phdn l. rlirng trudc, trong ciu trric niry nhfrng biiiu hien c6 j thrtc kh6ng
1E
duoc dr)ng .
p -$e-e.rzr,lrijii*r,* Ut. Do d6n-e di,t toi nhi dn bidd@ t6fi,r+ rta{ 4,* L/:. Do beni n€n t6i dd nghi rim .x ffift{'&, Ltc*|tttft4tLrTf"
c idngnhu -d ' r j band ihoc t r 'ongb i i g , - rD ' . . " c r ingch i nguy€nnhdnv i l f do . - rJ rb nhnhmanh mdr cdch chrl quan vd nguidn nhdn hoic ly do hon ,cdn _@( di€n ti m6t cdch khrich quanvd ddi tuong n6i , hay nhrng mdiquan h{ rons mot mach vdn "0,
*; ; ; . ' r ; lu"e _o< ci, iengudi n6i rr inh btry quan didm cia minh miim m6ng hcm , kh6ng,u",n0,
"u* r,r" manh cho ng'dinghe ' vi thuong duo.csu dung dd neujlen ry do m6t ciich nhe nhing , d€ chap nhdn , hay dd h6i xinphdp hay din-e dd trinh bly giii thich rnqt vtn d€ nio dav .@ F AFsrrar, b /3 r, r d; 1.., *.F-1FE L < v,, titi $ *..t /u z),^
TOi kh6ng hidu tidng Nhlt n€n llm on c6 thd n6i tidng Anh augrc ttrong f@l h'*araaiqr-e. Jcftrr*?LL*f"
T6i c6 chuyin n€n xin ph6p duoc vd trrrdc .oal
l*aiif"h n6i
.r{ft nh9 nhing ,n6 khdng d'oc s& drlng trong cdc cau m.nh renh hay cdm dbrin .qt JErtv \rt\6, fffffi{:fif 6 t" Cdm duo.c sd vis rniiy vi rit nguy hidm .x ftttv.oT. #ffit: fri,6rr.
chri f : o (' dugc sri dung vdi thd th6ng thuimg nhrr d tren . Tuy nhi.n nguli ta c6 thd dr)ng n6Trong nhing cdch n<ii lich su hon , trong cdc ciu lich su@ h* r l tAD * .uaT. Jd f t l : f t tL L* f " T6 i c6 v i€c n€n x in ph ipdr r_o .c vc t rudc .( = H$n: &> 6 0)T. krE t:y<tl L * f)
4 [-itFEl*1t, c<5 ngh]a li trong khi . tr€n dudn-e d€h . N6 di cilng ddng tir thc tt didn hay danh rrr +d)
@ * tt * 5 i t+ t * i*.rt, a.<., r z / i f t ir . ( L * a t: A,-c"f .Thilt ra tr.ong l0c dCn ddy c6 rai nan n€n xe buyt dd bi chim@ =i y >a-#HrHt$l , ie< /*e * L/ :"
Dang trong hlc chay Mararon , tdi cim rhdy mci
Dong tir VTinh tir du6i t, rTinh ti durti /tDanh tfr N
Thd thuorgb6 H thcm -/t viro
O ( . -
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Tinh tir bidu thi tim trane tinh cim
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hrnh phic
ffifiu '' Hay , thri vi
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r l t . . . .1 --.-- "- '--" ' fE< b<7'b;rr.rr.ra I l 'e t*f 6 | rtr"rtcr'fa T:tt|i1t':1, j:::, ::.: ',.,-1 -*^, I
t "
c- c ' 'o., I ., Mgi aieu gi da'y
kh6 chiu khi Phii I Hdi hgp , ctrng I t-o tingch& dgi
,l thing lllr6'r-;l ,-f,1- --'l--i Cr{-t ) /*r
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thich dU ngubi ra
t !'! r- ;-'$',,- \ ( ) \ r " / {
DQng tr!
Tinh t irduoi Lt
Tinh tir du0i it
Danh tir
Thi thung
Thi thuong
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Ceu nghi vdn .l
Dong tu
T inh tU t l ud i l i r lI
Tinh tr! du6i /l
Danh tir
, . ' t 'he'thutmg
'Ihd thuong
bii r
lrr -
hoi v6i thd nghi v{fri drroc dirng nhu mdt phdn ctia c0u rrong cdu nghi vfin looi niy .: '
o n-,Loz lqtJ fFrB+t:g[# -f 6F: ;,lh< < /i 5 v ';Anh tru xem chuy€rr bay JLl07 ddn lfc rri-y gid
@ ffl6oiini ' , ' r* iElrrL \L \ i ,F6 L(1.*-i-.T6i dang n6i chuy€n vd tidn mtng drim cudi khdng bidt crii gi thi duo.c nhi ?
Anh c6 nhd ldn ddu t i€n gip nhau l i hic nio kh6ng ?
Anh tri ldi tOi c6pdn dubudi ti€c cu6'i nim hay kh6ng trudc ngly 20 nhd .
T6i kh6ng bi€t cAu\chuy€n dd lA rh0t hay khdng n&a
Anh th& kidm tru xem c6 l6i gi kh6ng .
rong. vi du.6 , kh6n-e dirng ff lEt'r ib6r.t ? i, mir dr:ng Fali&t, ' .r i l l t , .r 'U i D' vi ngudi:ndi mudn kidm tra lai xem ding li kh6ng c6 l6i hay chu:r .
t n t h i ( + 4 *'Lori ciu niry di,in tri hinh d6ng duoc lirm rhir.
O 7'i--tr+L<;i*-{-"
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@ #grr' r, rill* a F-(4/:r,'(f.CI :o ArF'zt l t t ' (4( L l . \ t \<t- f r ' "
Tdi thu nghi lai m6t lin nta
T6i mudn th& nhin trf i de't tit v[ tru '
T6i mic thri crii qudn nly duoc khdng ?
4 . Tinh t irduri i l , \ bi t , t chuy€n thirnh '- '+ - 5
thd chuydn ddi rinht&Bing crichddi ihf L' cuoi cta r inh t ir dudi L t thinh {, brn c6
rhinh danh tU .
Ftn. EJ , Fu' - - ' E* +1" ' -+ iF8
@ rL:o€i 5 l*g, +t( int lSi ' *oT ( t"* f ' "
Bqrr c6 bidr lim thd nio do dQ cao cira nii kh6ng ?
@ ff i Lt , ' t * ioF*t* 3.91lmtf"
Chi€u di i cta thi6c cdu l i 39l l m '
E . / \ ) / x l t + & t l ' i < L I i i ! " K h 6 n g b i e i H a n s u d t r u b n g h o c n h u t h d n i o n h i ?
-( L .t ) i.. loiri ciu niry duo,,c dirng dd h6i ceu h6i m$r ngudi nghe khdng chic chirn vd cfiu t|i
lbi , hry nd c[ng duo.c dtng dd h6i cau hoimL.Ereudi nghe c6 thd chic chrin tri ldi ' Trong trubng hoo
niy , dny li,r cich n6i r$t lich srr vir t€ nhi '
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cm kh6i\ y I ' u
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+ n t , r J ' = t ,' - l / , / ̂ l
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I eAu cho vi
Tron-e bii 7 vir ?4 ban di hoc mAu cdu cho vi nhin m6t vAt gi d6 vi hinh dQng lirm cho ri d6 hay
dudc ai l im cho di€u gi d6.Trong bir i niy, ban sE hoc mdu clu cho vir nhln vlt hay hirnh d6ng vi
nh&ng mlu ciu niy sE thC hi0n mdi quan h€ gita ngudi cho vi ngudi nh{n .
1 ) N l I I N 2 T Q ' *
Khi nguli nh{n li ngu}i c6 cdp blc xd hQi tha'p hon hoic phfa nhdn li'd6ng vit hay thuc vdt , thi
nguAi tac6 thdd i rngd6ngt i r tD* f .Tuynh i€nkh i ngud i nhnn l iLngt rd i th i n€nd in-e &r l f * : f
vin hon .
O f1{t ,8.+t : i iR+AtD *Lt t (&:{ f* Lf : ) . Tdichocont6ikeo
@ fJ.tJt{:i 5 A+ I * Ltl" Tdi cho ch6 dd in
Chd i DQng tir 3 L-tlf *f c6 thd duoc dirng khi ngudi nhin mudn biy t6 y tdn kinh cria minh
ddi vdi ngubi nhin .
2, ) N 1 l r N2 *V. l :E* *
Khi ngudi n6i ohin mbt vet gi tit ngrrdi c6 dia vi xi hQi cao hon minh , anh ta phii dtrng d6ng ril
t . f l * * f thay cho t 6L\* f .
€) f/.lJ*l3€(ili j,]Etr,. t'flS * Lt" ToidE duoc truong phbng cho qui .
3 ) i r tc Ll : lN t( l i3 v '* i
Khi ngub i c6d iav i n [hQi caohsnchongud i n6 i mOcd i g id6 th ingub i n6 i ph i i d i rng ( t ' tu ' *
f thaycho ( l l ,*f
@ gflE rl i? ttLl:*;*Et ( lj * r, '* L fc" Tniong phbng dE cho t6i quir .
( fl * t,', * f cfing dugrc dtng khi ngudi nhan li thhnh vic,n crla 6ia dinh nguli n6i .
O H]E/ltFliti l:Ez- < t'3 t,'* Ll:" Truong ph6ng dd cho con grii toi qui .
2. YAnh dOnq.cho v i r +han tD * f , ! , . t f l3* f ,< / lSV'* f duo.c d i rng.d{ d iEn t i
rinh dQng cho vi nh{n . Vi du trong nh0ng truong hop dudi day - ., ,.:
1 ' , \
@Tdi di lirmrchs con trai t6i mQt chidc tiru bay gidy .
@ t>f: Lt i tAffFt: i€ir .(?ie(t9 * L/: .T6i cho ch6 di dao
@ t>tzLlt iHatrFEaR<+ D * Lt: (brf * L/:).T6i xem bni gitip con g{i t6i -
C h r i f G i d n g n h u - ( & ) l f * f , t a n b a h o c t r o n g b i i 2 a , - ( 3 L t r J = f c 6 t h i i d d h i e n
tuong ban li ngudi cao ngro , n€n ban kh6n,u n€n dirng miu ciu niy cho nhing ngudi c6 dia vi xa
h6i cao lion minh .
+)
- - ' i
2 ) _ @@ tzt L,rgtrEt.+ffirfdie(, Le L(r, rf;/3ig * L/:"
_ToiduVc rruon_e phdng chrta l6i crla rhu cho t6i .3 ) ^ @@ "r[E') 4 *,c"ttttr t L t:ps # t #. i<< tj 3 r,,, * L i--.
vo cria trulng phing dqy cho toi v€ tri dao@ S{rFrtttzf: Ul:]ffitr;X.:( < tJ8 r,\* Lt.
. Trucrng ph0ng dd tii3n r6i ra gn@ $E+tt* r r : Lo4vrr - Ft t rL ' ( ( 13Er, , * Lt .
Trtror*e phdng di chtia biio crio cho t6i .
tuy nhi0n n6 vAn kh6ng lich su
3 .
bing
Trg tir lI c6 nghia li , v6i nhu iu clch li , nhu li , .:tim ,@ E + 3/,ri*#rF a+;nv\t;.:or5filt <' r:* u.'* ur..
Anh Tanaka d6 clio ring t6i c{i dia niy-,1!g qul mrmg d6m cu6i .@ *:/: LttJtirfifir:lro)*;XaliutGr.; ;."
-"'
T6i mua con brip b€ nAy lirm qu! du li"h Hokkaido
4 4
) i lTL/ : "lF rf, u rffi *{€Fo E+F6 ir*f: 0) Tf#* r**t sl E " Tt*
Bdi 42
o B/if]Ettr->l:Dt:f i ia u(r,,,*f. T6i t lang riel kiem tidn dd xiy nhir€) 1l& Lat:p>t: € A{# , * -d:"
T6i muong xe 6t6 dd chuydn nhi@ W,Ro>t:tJt:.. fr##.>({, r*-d-. T6i.chay hing sring cho khoi@ *.l?at:d>t: i l:t&T * ,f,. T6i xdy nhi cho gia dinh
Danh tft ot:&>t: c'ng duoc dirng vdi n-lhiu r.i, cho roi ich cia danh tii nhtr trong vi dq @chd t r -t j (: 'ban dd hoc trong uii j :e ,crng duo.c srrdung dc n6i rf 0",;;" dich . -r ) {:duo 'csr idungvdi d6ngt i r :ph i jch i .cbnr- l :&f t i d 'ocs i rdungv6i d6ngt t fch i .S0s6nhhai v idu dLr6i diy .
@ AhoEt f r l tD( ; , Ff+ L(r . * - r - , T6 i t idr k i€m t i€n ddmua c&a h ing@ a'sn'tft< 6 r i r:q?s L(r, '**J-" roi t iei r<icm ,t;;;;;;r, mua cira hing.vf du O c6 .i ring m6t ngudi cd 1i dinh lirm m6t vi€c d6 li ,nro
",lo neng u, u* n,*. tidn ac olatduocmgcdichd6'cdnvf dr t @ conlh ia l ido i tuo.ng.c i laanhra let rangthr{ id i t icnc6thc l imua
cria hing vi anh ra kidm ticn dd c6 thd dua anh ta tidn gdn dth trang th{i d6 . N6i chung v,€ nghiakh6ng khdc nhau nhi€u l6m .C h n ] 2 D Q n g t & t a * $ v t a c 6 t i n h i c h i ( v i d u 6 ) v & a c d ' f n h p h i y c h f ( v i d u ? ) .
@ #E'tt:b at=e>lZ, l*t+tfrhlfi L<r,.*f. T6i r,q. ru.,ai,,o,hinr, rua, ru@ E+FBr{r+i:/r6tbt:. frEfutaL(r,,*-d-" He.r '"s;y;;rrsc ac t iehe Me,t
cria r6i gi6i l tn;
Nhrr brn dn hoc d bl i rg . D6n-c tt thd t ir didn di v6i o c6 rhd st dung nhu m6r danh t ir . Dong tUthd t id i t in .d i v6 i r / ) i : v r \dar rh t i rd i vd i - r : -c ; \hdd i rngdu.ocvd i nh tngr&sau i rhu -? / , ) ,1 . , r , , .':/v t) f: , ,P ( l: t: o. 1 ttr,67Jil/t,h,6 , etc, vi c6 rhd n6i l€n muc diih hay lf do cria d6i tugngtron,g ciu
@ :ottg4tt lE tEJ64, i l f rv. ,* i - " c6i k ioniydungddcdthoa@ :ahtt/wct'-* < (. fft?Tt:txf,Jrt. criicap nev ro, n6n dem didu rich 161ti€n@ g;668Affi'.{ 6o,ra$7671r7'i,,, * L/:" Toi di mar th}i gian dd tra s6di€n thoaichri f : c6 nhirng ciichikhric dd rr'inh biry lf do . Du6i d:iy li m6r sd cdch i"n ou, ,, ool;; ;,biei them .
2 .
Miiu cnu niry n€u l€n lj do
i
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@ ?rtrF.-ff".t. l t t:?TA *-d-. T6i di dch Kobeddxem rhuy€n(9 F,S.,--i*irsofttfi{:_** L/:" Toi d€ir Nhct d€. hgc kinh t€1
t2 l D6n - r t i r t hd t i r d i dn ] t t o l i
. nuph i i ch i ) J i l : . * tC ru "Oy .n i lDdng r i r r t rd tu ' + /d!J
'9 t* t rifi ( r i (:. trr&<iti L ii-' T6i giri chuvdn phdt nhanh dd cho d€h nhanhCD :E:*r /rl '.i i i:. I +-L * rl-. Toi grri tai dd kh6i quen
t3J D6ng tt thd rft didn 1Danh ril tr) I
J r 'E>!:- ' -( 'Ceu cd f chQ@ i t+ l : 6 l :oo, . . . o . t rJ : f iMgf i L*- f - " T6ihocheiminhddvioduo,cdaihoc@ &tff io/:att:. glH&t (.*,1,.4.<g_q-o T6i in nhidu rau cho khoe
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t4 l Ddngr l thd r&d i inO - , ' ' - {# r . r+a-t [ ,,-v.r. y ,/&.1:fr.tt*:f ,4Hffltfi. i,g *f
Danht i r l t l i v ,v,r"+, t l&fr l ic- t_, tU,9T-f,
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Khi them vio ding sau tir chi sd ruong , tro rir rt n€u rdn rircmg ttrap nhal mi ngudi n6i dg dodn lrcdn thi€t
@ E A-ert. {#r9itt'f 4a{: ?00 aF(@D *f; Dd rd chr?c ddm cu6i 6 Mat it ra
r. |-E-]',',;;-EJKhi th€nr viro dirng islr
c0ng phii tdn 2@ van y0n .-- .-:f-------:-i
vvrr6 Pr'4r lvrr zw villl ycn '
ro tur.rng bl
h€nr viro dirn-c islu rri chi sd luorg . h.o ril 6 nghia ll nguli n6i cho ring nhu thd tn hiril e u .
"9 3::::la_ol:2 rt.Sf,fl L/t,rt,v) * Li:. Di diddn ga thi phiitdn mai d€h 2 tiehg. r r s . v v r r 4 t t s | l 5
2l i btr&a ,;'ai 3000 D'Fl ir g'F/J.L("f i'. Dd xiy nhir mtr tdn ddn 300 van.y€n d ?
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--41
Bei 43
Miu di€n tii suy doiin , suy nghi cla ban khi nhin m6r v6t gi d6 .suy do{n d6 d'o. c xay dung trenhinh d4ng cia vir , n-e udi , hay m6t rrang thdi . .1) F-EFffi-E rBKhi ngudi n6i mudn suy.do6n ddn trang thrii cria sq kign , hien r'grrg anh ta rhudmg dtng the. nty dddidn td f cria minh . Cdc'tt t,'t t;6. 6 ? f <,. lfr,;1,6 th'ong duqc di kdm vdi m.u c*u nlydd n6i vd thdi gian khi ngudi n6i nghi vd mdr su ki€n , hay rrairg thdi s€ xiy ra ,
O 4l: 1, g1ri$ g + i Tf " Ffinh nhrr rrdi sdp mua cdi ( rii c6 thd m'a ngay tai
@ 2+ >/--ttitr.< trq t i rt. fi:,:ffiJhdrrdi@ L )f( .- i Iar&*t;r- t . Horanh*"n,"nrnorrpndrdi
, @ : tu l '6*</ rqz) : ( '? " Tnbayg i l th i t r l i s6 tanh
Miu niy c6 nghia ri ruy mQr didu gi dey vdn chua duoc xiic nhrn ri srr that nhmg n6 duglc phiin do6nti hinh dang b€n ngoii cria n6
@ :e*$Hlt$?iT.t . M6nanniyrrongc6vdcayddy .@ 'tekftHf
fi fS Z i ("-t-" c6 f,y c<5 "u-,nun, minh day@ :ct2ffi6kt*er a.-l-. eii br\n niy rr6ng c6 vi chric ctrin day .chd'y' : Khi ban mu6h di€n ni trqng thdi tinh cim cria iq, n, ou ,.tinh tt rhd hiQn tinh ci.im nhrr (i* r ,Lu ' . h . . t tLv ' . d$Lr , \ . . . . ) rhuongduo.csr idungvoi ^_t i ( " f . B&i v ibqnchi c6thdsuydodn ngubi iy cim nhCn nhuthd nio mi thdi .@ i 7 - * t t t i nL t ) . r t - " Anh M i l t e r t r 6ngc6v6hanhph r i cnh i .
Trdng gidng
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dvidr;9 hinh dQng (t) di ddn noi ho bdn thucic rd , (2)mua thudc r i ad6, (3) quay rai noi mI anh radi xua't phrit
No i kh i n -eud i tad i hay l imd idug id6duo.cb ie iu th i bangt ro r t r . c6 t ru&ngh*ngon i leduo. .b icu th i b ingr rg t i l r rb kh im6rv t tg id6duo.cd i chuydnt i rns i n lod6,v isud i chuydnb in thdnnd chinh li muc dich crla hAnh d6ng do con ngudi tao ra .
I i.;;*-'H'fLoaH'<**j-" Tdi ta si€u thi mua sfia ( rdi quay lqi )q-D E ffih,b = y/tB-o(**f" (Ldy cictrongbdp*aay )r,. "-,1",, .n'fr:(**f
-ra .la,,j d, .!:i i,c.i, \:r,$i,., ,Thg ( c r iad-6ngt t ' , ' * * -c - d 'ocd i rng t rudc t * f t rongmlun ly ; -c6ngh ia l id idcnmQrno inio d6 rdi quay trd tai . N6 dugrc s& dung khi bnn khdng lim 16 hinh d6ng cia ban rhuc hi€n.tai noimi ban sE di .
- @ &"ift"Ai^?T.j(**fo Toi ra buu di€n(rdivd)3) Hr'Jtt**fThE ( crla d6ng tir ('r'rt * f duoc sir dung truoc * *f, c6 nghTa ri di ra ngoii r6i quay lai .n6 duoc sir dung khi ban kh6ng rtrrn 16 noi mr ban s6 di hay hinh dt6ng mi bqn llim tai noi dd .
@ b t .> L. 'Hr I l t ( *gf . T6i ra ngoi i rnor cht i t ( rd i vd )' '
: Tinh crich v:\ tin.h nh,,r
44
BAi 44
--l-3'*f c6 nghia'li qud ' Thuang duoc dirn-q dd ndi ve trang thrii quri m*c d6 binh rhudngO b^.fs#am+f 3 * L/:" Tdi qua dl u6hg quii nhi€,u@ :(D-E-t -lt**f B"*f. c{i do ten niyqu:i to .
^-f S * f dtro. c ph'n loai vlo d6ng tir nhdm II , bdi vny ciich chia crla n6 nhu sau o)ht t 5,o)J*t-3" (/tr,.). a>J*f€t_ .
@ j*ifo *'u&i€rrffiHf e-(. iifiia,r. L 1.3 < rar,(f. ., .!,.;OtO gdn day didu khiCn d€ qu{ nen , kii xe kh6ng rhd vi nta .
O L.' < 6 f g (" *r. fr4f Ab t, {6tl#u,Tf I" cho dr) thich thd nio di nra, nhung n€.u. udng qud nhi€u , thi sE kh6ng 16r cho sri.c kho€ dau .
1 ) Miu niy dirng dd di€n tri m,fc aO ktr6 ae f<frj lim m6r hirnh d6ng nio d6@ Jat<y r y$: ,Hv,t f r , .Tf" Mriyt inh niyd€sr idung@ H:{tt6f t:1 r,.,a.L Tokyo thi kh6 sdne :
'2 ) Miu cdu niy cdn dDng dd didn ti mth d6 kh6 d€ trong rinh ;hat crla m6t vat , hay trang rh{i cirangudi .
@ frv''rr9r*ifir,t-+-r,.,r-f. riorringnhyd6bdn@ ffio a *l#iiEtht'#*r ( u.,11,"
"r", ;u,;;;;,'dd phoi kh6 kh6.
chri y ^-tfu' vi ..*,(:< r,r c6 chfc nrlng gi6ng nh't inh rir du6i r,r vi cdch s& dung c[nggidn-e nhu tinh tUduOi t, '
O :o #'rt&# \xn6r. fia++< trv) *.t !..Thu6t niy n€'u cho drrdng vio rhi sE drl udne
@ =a3 y7l*#t*r t ;<.< ( . #E<"l_r.Cdi cdc niy kh6 vd n€n ding rit:an toirn .
Bqn dd hgc - ( '/^-r:rc g *f tron! bri 19 cri y di€n ri m6r su vir , trang thdi niro dd rrd ngnmor s l r v+r hayTrang rhdi .khr ic ,cdn i< .1 _t :L* f , nhutrong vf du l l , l2 , l3 n6 i rang mQraid6 dua str vat hiry rrang thdi trd rhinh nior su virr hay trrng rhii khric .
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Bei 45
Ddng tri thd tir didn I ipQlg tir thii /l I iDQng tir thd /tt,t
L.. Ir.,\-adj *L\ [ i$srti -/r-uaj + /r I
"- l tbu,lJ l i mdu ciu ding dd n6i v€it inh hudng gi i dinh . V€'cAu sau n6 di in tr i l }m th€ nio dd
dd i ph6vd i nh f rng t inhhu6ngnhuvay . ' , l i hv ' l J d i saud6ngt i r , t fnh t tho lcdanht t .V ' i l fb l , '
t * l i danht i r ,n€ndQngr i r , t inh t i ldu0 i ! ' , / l v i rdanht i rduo.ckd t r rd i vd i n6duocco i nhuvddd
md tr i danh tr i .. i . . \ t l l l . " :
o #;*r:rar:e*r/iL'Ee{t. i#* u< < r:er,,.Trong trubng hgp kh6ng ddn kip hQi nghi thi hdy liOn lac
@ n*rot:H*r.r:gel*. H'# t: *l.* ii /-"Trong trubng hop ddn muQn sE khdng viLo dr.rorc h6i trudng
r , r i l t 1 1 5
O 7 7 , ^ d)#+rr#r,'BAlt. L' r L /: t: Rv .Tf i'"Trong trrrbng hgp mdy Fax hdng , thi phii lim thd niro ?
o ip,i i€rt i ,F/rgialt. 1{ 'a,,tcE.<< f l3r,\o .Trong trubng hgp cdn hod don thi hdy n6i vdi ngudi quin lf .
O 4+dt#o$:B . z v.<- t -A{fi*?A!\(.Td L\oTrong tlrbng hgp c6 hori hoan , hay dQng dft , thi dung dirng thang mriy .
Dong til l- dE nguyenv\.ad.i +r,\ t t o>tl, -rr-adj +/r I ua r:N o) [ tte* rt
D t: di sau dQng rir , tinh ti vi danh tir . Thd nly drroc srr dung v6i Dli vdi ciic cdch ding nhu tren .
. ,O{ i duo.csudu-ngkh i c6c{ i duo.cmi€ f i i&d iduk i {nha i . r i y rangr ro .cvd inh f rngg ' i mongdg i i
di€u kiQn thr'r nhdt .
Hfa rtii nhrrng c6 a'y kh6ng ddn .
O 4 F'* E [E E /.r D t:,'iflr'r',lJ tJhll lt \ -*t /u.H6m nay li chu,rihat nhung vin phrii lim vi€c
Trong vi du 6 ngudi n6i mong ring ngudi con grii s6 d0h b&i vi c6 ta di hrla sE lirm ditu d6 . BAi uf,y
anh ta ciim thaly thdt voirg khi c6 ny khdng ddn . Trong vi du ? , cht nhit h ngly nghi . nhung ngudi
n6i vin phii lim vi€c b8i viy anh ra cim th{y bRt min . Di€u ki€n thf 2 thrdng diEn ti tim trang thdt
vgn-e , khdrrg thoii mrii
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r , rz iE- r : r .c -^ .cho dir rrdi mua t6i v5n di ra ngoli
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Bni 46
Ttr l : 6 cd nghia brn ddu cria n6 li noi . NhLrng n6 cring duoc dtng dii chi trang thrii nhai thdi .
:"rr*:"=:-n hqc tron-s trong biri niv duoc ating dd nhri'n manh mor dic'm rrong sudr thbi gian xiy
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O 6: t t l " t tL i f t *g 11-0 , " Dd dn corn chua ?
=*,.|l. l,f _ ;l:,:U^u & :6<f" chua; bay gid t6irndi bit:ddu an
HOi ngh! dn bdr da'u chra ?' ' L \ L ' i . 4 / . b ! 6 * 6 l . - a - 2 " . + _H-
r \ t o Lhua ,beYg ibmd ibd tddu .
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Mdu cdu ni,y di€n ti rqng rhrii ngudi nd,i. vrla mdi k€i rhfc mA, h]^,, rA__ _!- i^.diy di duroc hoin thinh rdi .
.i\ e.a r .. . . rhulng duoc drng .0.*.0. ,,iij}lrinJr
nio da'y , hay hinh ddng
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[ffi:::il*J1mtr]':: *,,mdixdv ra N6 cdn bidu hien di€n ti tim rran-engudi ndi cim rhiy luy€n ri6c mdr khodn-e rh&i .qi
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th€ di€n t i thdi gian sau khi hinh dQng duoc
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-ltrt.,q <"f li loai ciu danh tir duoc dirng vdi nhidu ci'u trtic nhrrvi du 9 du6i diy .
: a € i A- d fcrE H a l: {Jil. v 1 ts o> l:, irli # l' li A' L !' tf "Vira mua c:ii Video niry tudn trudc thd mir bly gid dl h6ng r<ii .
DQng t ir . thC tt di iDQng tU thi t t , \
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Ngudi n6i s& dung miu itu niry dd diAn ti m6t didu gi unh ta cho lir chlic chiin . Bing st dung miu
ciu niry , ngudi n6i mudn nh6'n manh unh ta c6 chring cf dd chf'ng t6 didu d6 lir chic chin .
@ ' i t - 8 & t J A E * 6 ( L r ) i ' Khdng bidt anh Miller c6 ddn khong ?
" ' *6t* f -ef I " eFF€6fr , \#, v) !Lf i f t 'b"
Chic chin li s€ ddn th6i . Hom qua thr'y anh {y ggi diQn r6i mn '
Trong vi du l0 , chring crl ngubi n6i dirng d6 li hom gua anh ta di goi di€n thoai rdi . Dua ren cd s&
d6 ngubi n6i.phdn doin chic ch6n anh Miller sE ddn bing crich s&dung m{u -{tf -Cf"
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Bdi 47
l . tir that thuonq + t ) l o l ngne no r t ang
Diry lir miu dtrng dd tluydn dat lai th6ng tin mh ban dd tiOp nhan tir nguiin kh{c trong d6 khong c6
quan iliiim hay ! kien gi cria ban . khi ngu<in th6ng tin dttoc dua ra diroc bitlu th.i bing -i: j 6 !
( theo . . . ) , ngu6n thdng tin niy duo.c dit d dliu ciu .: t t L l t i
O fx# f f i r ; r6&. bL t r * * ( ts6a i ' ( f "Theo du bdo rhdi ridt ngiy mui trdi sE tld lflnh
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@, 1 t EL l t+L4on* . -2 ' > ̂ i : { .E l . , ' c r , , t : t iT ' t ,Nghe 116i ngiry rrn chi Klal i r dI sorrg o Plrr ip .
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Nghe ndi dio Bali rrl dep
Chri f : Mdu niy khric vd mat f nghia lan clu trrjc so vdi -Z ) ("f s& dung dd dicn ti trang thdi
ban hoc trong bhi 43 . So sdnh hai ciu dudi dly .
@ f f i r r l t l i rJ t aT+" T ld ih inh nhusSpmua
@ ffirlF+5 ? ) <'.f " Tdi nghe n6i trdi s€ mua
@ : o*4gtir it 'Lt i (f. Mon in niy nhin trdng c6 v€ ngon
,@ :')Fl 'Eglt l i l , ' Ll,\t ) -ef. T6i nghe ndi m6n dn niy rl ' t ngon.
Ch r l f :S r1 kh i r cnhaug i f i a * t aT l - ( b i duh ienc ianghev in6 i l a i ; - l L t - : ( L ' * ' L l :
@ i 7-d A. ' t tbL|:H.H\, ' I1 < t ) 'c ' f .Nghe n6i arrh Mil ler sE ngiry mai s€ di Kyoro
@ :7-J /wt ; , tbL l :H#13( :1T( t r , ' - : ( t ' * L r : "Anh Mitler n6i ngiry mai sE di Kyoto
Trong vi dr; 9 ngudn th6ng tin li bin thin anh Miller , cbn trong vi du I ngudn thdng tin d6 chua
chic di phii tir anh Mitler mi c6 thd k\ tir ngudi khic . M6t srt khdc biet nfia <16 lh trong vi du 9 vi€c
mi anh Mil ler.ndi cd rhd l i rruc t iep hay gi6n t idp . Cdn trong vf du 8 , chi duoc ding dQng thi l:
thudng,mi thdi . r
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.- I i (f u'uydn dar suy doin chir qurrn cua ngui;i n6i , suy do:in niry duoc xly dung ren th6ng
rin duo.c ti€p nhAn tU cdc giric quan ciin nhin cir ngudi n6i . Trong ciu kel thric bing "E i ("f
rhinh thoing tir &" r t Auge dirng kdm theo da: di,an ti ngudi n6i kh6ng chic chin hoirn toirn v€
nhirng didu anh tu ndi l i su thtt
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2. eeul.o.nsEiheffiichlc6 hai loai cdu cho dQng & rhd sri dich . M{u niy di6n ti chri ngfi crra hinh d6ng r} trg ttr} . hoqcdQng tr! l:. Khi dQng rir li rg dQng tt nhu vi du I th.i dilng dQng tL &; khi dQng tt ll, tha dQng ttrdtng trotV [t
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Cft d y : khi tu d6ng tr! di uai aunr, tt "r,i"l, "nu" * a, "r'"*g "o;T#:T: : ::tro rir l: , gidng nhu trong vi du 3 , nhrrng
"0" *nu"* .o danh tir di "ayfr, *i"r, ffill.iTlJldrro. c xdc dinh bdi t, gi6.ng nhrr trong vi du 4 (
@ t>t;urt*.*dr:ffarEiiittFi..&x-*-" 7T6i cho n..::.n Ot.OU v€ phia b€n phii cia drrorng
'--"; ':-". " \ "6'v1/ < ugng ruv ( tqdOngtg) thdstdishl giaoai Hmvic.c gi.ri iy
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o ii{lt'iff'uu,a.5_HBtt {t u v :a.a.,'ffl: Fi :.r,r,o$ffi2$ig1rrrJfT6i b{n viro budi sdnq nAn .rr ̂ ^^ -x: ai: , -r r . , -ludi sdng n€n dCcon gdi tOi chudn bi gifp cc,r.n #ngHr rr&itc e-?d r; eH a#ar i L r.Thdy gido cho hoc sinh ru do n6i j ki€h cia minh .
D6ng til thd sr? dich c6 i b{t bu6c hodc cho phdp . cau thd sri dich duce sir dung khi m6i quan h€gi&a nguli cdp tr€n vi cdp dudi phii 16 rrng ( vi du nhu bd me vr con , anh vr ern , ddn b6i va haubdi ) ' Ngttdi cdp ren ra ldnh ' hay cho phdp cap dudi lim didu gi d6 , I vl 5 li vi du cho su bit buQccdn 2'3 lir srr cho phdp . Nhung khi ngudi n<ii n6i chuydn uoi ng;i t,i uen ngoai nil,n "0.
anh ta thianh ra s€ lim cho ngtrdi trong nh6m ciia anh ta lirm mOt r@ ddr.#u,r.i ;dk;;ill:' ffiij; ;:,T:;[lju drd ddv
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chri i : Khi cf,p dudi mudn ngudi cdp trtn li\m mor hinh d6ng nht't dinh nlo dd vi mdi quan h0 tr€ndud i 16r ing , th ingud i tad i rngmiud6ngr i r rhd (+r . . / : rJ * * f .Ndumdi quanh€cr laha i ing* i in-rrne birng nhau thi n-eudi ta s& dung ( $ 6 L ., * f
@ i-; / : u t t*dHt:f ,*Ffr L(L'/ : , .3 * L/:" T6i duo.c truong phdng gi i i thich choo r>r: urtti$t:#fun L(r.'r:*E * L/:" T6i duo.c ban t6i girii thich cho.
T+ , Nhrr trong vi dir 8 , dQng tL rhd st dich thuong kh6ng duoc s& dung d€ mi€u ti hinh d6ng
cira n-eudi cfp du6i ccn ngtrii ci'p rren lim cho didu gi . Tuy nhi€n , nhu trong vi du 10 , c6 m6t s6ngo;r i l€ ,kh i ddngt i r r i t i rmieut i tamr 'angciangu8i n6 i h / -L/ - t6 , L fur j j r , . f6 . r i . r ,9 ' * -6 , J 'a : ,E i . / '& L{r . h i d duoc sr idung. (Xemth€m t rong sr ichchfnh )
@ +{*on+. #l,it< <. Ha,iil i i*{r* Lr.Khi cdn nho , rOi Lii y€'u n€n dd lirm me lo lin.e .
4 . Lirm on c6 thi. . .Tlong b i r i 26banddhgcm6udQngr i l rh i ( + t , , / : t l t * i f ,L t , . n6duocd1ngddyeuceum6tngudi nio d6 lirn gi cho bqn . Dong t& sri dich rhd ( + r,,tt:li*ill"/r cbn duo.c ding ddxin f kieh ai d6 .
@ = u,'*&a;iii'(fr t *,. Z< r,/: Erj * rt,f a,". ,llln" ::, lnl
onr r6i c{ch st dung mriy Copy niy duo. c kh6ng ?@ EEa,dl#Rl,aao>-e. +faatt<,,.,r.r:u iif&r;
TOi c6 d6m cu6i cta ban , ntn lim on cho t6i vd sorn duoc kh6ng ?
l tn"g: rdg l , l , }c ' ! , i -6duqcthuchi6nbdi ngudi nghe,cdntrongvidu 12dQngtr ) + j t rv , j^
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Ban sE hoc kinh ngn trong bii 49 vir 50 -ffL r\-" lir.miu ctu dirng dd rhd hicn su r6n kinh c.rla neudin6i ddn ngubi nghe hoiic ngudi dang droc rr6i t6i . Ncrrbi n6i mudn biy t6 su rdn kiph d6a rr.€n nr6'iquln hQ vdi n-tudi nghe hoirc ngtrbi dlng drroc n6i tdi . C6 3 ydu ro s:ru cin duoc quan riinl khi quye't
d i n h s i d u n - e l J l , t : " . l ) K h i n g t r d i n 6 i l i c t r p d u 6 i h a y c d d i r v i . r i h Q i t h c p a n h r a s u d u n g k i n h
ngfr dd biy ro sri kinh trong ddh cnp ri6n hly ngudi c<i clia vi xi h6i cao hon .2) Khi ngubi n6i kh6ngc6 mdi quao h€ gcn vdi ngudi nghe , nhrr trong rluhrg hgp gip nhau I$n ddu , ngudi n6i sri dung kfnhngB dd biy t6 sr1 kinh trong d6'i v6i ngudi nghe . 3) Khi cdn phii quan ram dch mdi quan hQ rrong vi
n g o i r i ? f ' y l ' ' . N h 6 m c i a n g u d i n d i n h u g i a d i n h , c 6 n g r y a n h t a d . u o . c c o i l i b € n t r o n g f f v i
nh6m khirc drro.c coi lir b€n ngo:\i / l- . Khi ngudi n6i n6i vdi ngudi trong 970)(-l! lho ngvdib€n ngoii y Fnut nghe thi ngudi b€n rrong duo. c coi c6 lip trudng gidng nhu ngudi n6i . Dovxy . cho di ngubi trong lir cdp tr€n , hay'cd dia vi xd h6i cao hon , thi ngudi n6i kh6ng thd sri dung
tJt . I dd n6i l€n sukinh trgngcriaminh ddi vdi anh tr.
z' lt P+! fiFEl. t t l , ' : duo.c chia rhinh 3 loai , t6n kinh ngir V/-$L\: , khicm nhudng ngi i
vi thd l ich su (r" lat. . l ' .Trong bl i 49 s€ bin vd t l" tJr, ' :"
f t.f 3,1,1*.7 !+l;*bft,*f" Anh Nakamurr den ldc 7 gib
ti ig*tJD Crhl: l"Tf D'" Anh dt b6 ruou Ldi i ?
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t /vIJt' \:' li mlu citu su dung dd mi€u tri ngudi nghe hoic ngudi duo. c n6i tdi , c0ng nhu hinhddng cur ngudi d6 .
r) boist( 1) D0ns tirkinh neB( xem rrong siich phdn fiF?4 nf , trang 196, tAi 49 )
DQng tir d thd khi ning duoc sri dung nhu ddng rir kinh ng0. D6ng rtr niy thuQc nh6m Il
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( 2 )
Loli rniu ciru triry clrtoc coi l\ lich str hon nriiu ciiu o tr'€n . Ddng tU thd * f bao gdnr mot f,m nhu
(A* f , h*J - ) v i dQng t i rdnh6m t l l kh6ng rhd s i rdung t ronr miu c iu n i i y .
@ l i 'F ' {J { , ) I< . f f iD I : tg A t r= . G i r in rdocd i v€ nh i r .
( 3 ) Ddnq i ir kinh nq[ dlc bier i
C6 vni dOia t i tc6 kinh ngirdric bi€t . v€ mfic d6 n6 giong nhu phi in 2)
@ 9 v Fft, t t- /dnftf tEt:v,b 2 L+r, '* i , Thriy gir io\vauarrong ph6ng nghi€ncrlu
o E ) t E L L f i t c ( < / j 3 r ' o X i n m d i i n .C t r d f : d 6 n g t i r ! \ 6 r L + 1 , l * f . ; / l 8 t , ' * - d - . ( / : ' 8 v ' * f . * ; a 1 - . p r . . ' * f t i r d 6 n g t i rnh6m I . tuy nhi€n ngoiri thri *3- ra ctrf ng bidn dtji theo viin ! trong cdc iiiu trric khric nhau
@ v v l ' J c 'E l3 . f - z? / i 3 t ' i J - l ' " Th i t yg i { owauc6 r rong t dpkhdng?. . L11 , r i . / 33 d r l , r t , ' t , t l u . ; ' n - " To i ngh i t hCy kh6ngc6d r i u .
Diy lir crich rr6i h'<ing ddn , mdi moc m6r crich kinh tr.ong ddi phuong lim vi€c gi d6 .@ b t2bn ,6#Lg f 3 r . , " rX in md i v i o t i r dnnsk iak i a .
chd y : D6rrg rU dic bier ban hoc rronlphcn 3) d tren rrron! auo.c s& dung rrong rnru niy . Ngoai trir-dQng t t bLbt \ r . l * f . i6 /u lz / r9 * ' l - . v i ph i i chuydn th inh f t ;E L l r i 9 ( 13 Su. .: b l " < E5 r , , , .
C i n g v 6 i d 6 n g t l m 6 - t s d d a n h r i , t i n h t t r , r l o d 6 n g t r i c [ n g c 6 t h t i d u o c d d i r h i n h t , L t t l . , : .b r ' rngcr ichrhcm * j , : " v i \o t rudc tud6.s t r ruuchong i&a * i v i i . phu thu6cv i ro t td6 .vdcob in$ thi ih€m-"\ao nhbng tt c6 gdc Nlir cdn i" th€m vio d6ng tt xua.t phit tri g6c Trung eudc .(N) fctr. Jc.adfi. t".tr+ :etF. :HR. :.fft{T
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cdu c6 thd kdt thric vdi thd thudng crra ri L \ J , vir rao ra mgt csu rhd thudng . Loai cau nay xu{thiQn tfong trudng hgp khi
'ngudi nrii dang ndi vdi mor ngudi niro gdn gfii v6i minh v€ m6t ngudi ml
ngudj n6i mudn biy t6 sgt6n rrgng ddi vpi nguti d6.
.@ SFl t {EIn#l : r , . '6 .>L+ 6! Trudngphdngkh6ngbidt m{ygibmdi td i .5. Mr?c d0 nhat dinh cria {r# trQne clgT'ong miu ciu kinh ng0. , vi€c thay th€; mQt sd tt trong cau v6i lJ r, r r khdng d0 mi cdn phii thaythd' todn b6 nh&ng rU khdc xuy0n sudt ci tau cirng m6t mfc d6 I, V , :.
@ HlEo4ffitri:r,lo urt:4rvzr:6lnX4ga: rVocriu ngii trubng phnng cilngii,ng di choi Oolf
Trong. vi du 9 thi *s<i ** vi l Jr,,b LJlt drroc chuydn tir l i< g,L ,t \2 LJ{r, dd chophir hqp rnfc d6 kinh ngfi vdi' r. ti.it,*'-j-6 . * * L T
Ban phii rhry dong rir thd (+*f thirnh *. L(+llr, ' :khi ban mu6n n6i m.t cdch rich su.@ t,2 ^il\g at.,4AH L t L(, 4.fJltr *tTrr arrsv,A,T-f
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T6i th6ng brio thbi gian bidu vdi gi;im d6c
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T'ong vi dv l'2 , ngudi n<ii biy t6 y khiem tdn trong hinh dQng cria minh ddi vdi ngudi nghe (r) vi' ngudi duoc n6i t6i (2) . Ngudi n6i c'ng d0ng khicm nhulng ngg,nhrrng kh6ng phii cho hinh d6ngcua anh ta mi cho ngudi trong cirng mQt nh6m vdi anh ta . c,u tnic niy kh6ng dtng du-o. c vdi ciicd6ng t tc6mQl am o thd * f nhu a* f ,1 , . * - l_
(2) : '+ d6ne ttnh6m IU
@ *FH Hi$#$1:t*?t L * ?-, rdi s€ dua quj vi d€h vi€n bio ring EDo rokyo. ..-;. @ + B o+eals#?i u *+. Toi se rinh bly c6ng viQc ngdy hom.nay.Mdu niy duoc sri dgng cho d6ng t& trong nh6m tII . Ngoii m6r s6 tt kh{c drrs.c trinh bly trong vi du
t r c n , r h i c h i c 6 m Q r s d t l c d h i m y . . k e i h q p . h o p t d c . . n h u L " r ) / , u , L * f . U - r r f : i . , U *n , ,U . i t : / - L * . t , n . /wb< L * f c6 rhdduo .cs r rdung .DQng T& le t * f , vn f ( ? (L* f l i r t rubn_shgpngo4i led i rng l i thrycho 1" .
chri f : miu rrong v[du r,2 chi c6 thti drroc strdun-s vdi hinh d6ng cr5 ri€n quan d€h ngudi khdc .Dovily ' miu nly kh6ng dtroc dirn-e v6i dQng tir chi ndi v€ bdn thdn n-sudi n6i nhu vi du sau dcy
x frrt,RH H^*s;i+ r) U *+:3 ) D d r r g r L k h i d m n h ' c m g n g f i d i i b i € r ( ' x e m r r o n g
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@ ii'gon#f :*r El lrr.,r.,9 = L l:" T6i da gip phu nhtn cria girim ddcO a vtaiLtliAu \f: *:r < i-L * f ,.'. Ngiy mai cd ai d€.n girip t6i khons ?. . . f t r r r {d r , , * f "
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" ' ,<v - idfua. =\ ' , F (" . r l i . i , -d rur**:hi f ru ' L * f 'T 6 i l l s c h m i d t o c 6 n g r y P o w e r . E | e c t r i c c l r i y , l i r m o n c h o t 6 i g l i p a n h l v l i l l e r .
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t 4 Vt,\T L J' i i ' l i r cdch n6i l ich su cira l ' r f i ("-{-/r
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