NHÀ MÁY RƯỢU VANG CÔNG XUẤT 1.8 TRIỆU LÍT MỘT NĂM

7/22/2019 NH MY RU VANG CNG XUT 1.8 TRIU LT MT NM

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BCNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM

VIN CNG NGH SINH HCTHC PHM

TI:

GVHD: V TH HOAN

Lp: HTP6C

SVTH:

TPHCM, ngy 23 thng 06 nm 2013


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BNG PHN CNG NHIM V

MSSV Tn thnh vin Nhim v Ghi ch

10224511 Nguyn Minh Nghi Tng quan 100%

10206221 L Thanh ThoTm hiu cc a imCn bng vt cht 100%

10271851 Phm nh Th

Phn tch SWOTThnh lp h thng nh githeo im 100%

10224511 Hunh Th ThyThit k mt bng nh myKt lun v xut 100%

10232821 Triu Th Dim Tin La chn a imThuyt minh qui trnh 100%


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Mc lc

Chng 1: TNG QUAN ................................................................................................... 6

1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ru vang........................................................................... 6

1.1. Khi nim vru vang................................................................................................................. 7

1.2. Phn loi ru vang ....................................................................................................................... 8

1.3. Tiu chun cht lng vang ......................................................................................................... 10

1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu thru vang............................................................................................ 15

3. Nguyn liu v tiu chun nguyn liu. .............................................................................................. 17

3.1. S lc v nguyn liu nho.......................................................................................................... 17

Cc ging nho c trng phbin Vit Nam ........................................................................ 18

3.2 H vi sinh vt trong nm men .................................................................................................... 20

3.3. Nm men ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNG .......................................................... 23

NH MY ........................................................................................................................ 23

1. Tm quan trng ca la chn a im xy dng nh my ................................................................ 23

2. Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my........................................................................ 23

3. Xc nh v phn tch cc nhn t chnh nh hng ti vic la chn a im nh my ru vang 24

3.1. Nhn t nguyn liu ..................................................................................................................... 24

3.2. C sh tng ............................................................................................................................... 24

3.3. Th trng tiu th ....................................................................................................................... 24

3.4. a hnh v c im khu t....................................................................................................... 25

3.5. Lc lng lao ng ...................................................................................................................... 25

3.6. Quan h x hi ............................................................................................................................. 25

4. La chn s b3 ia im .................................................................................................................. 26

4.1. Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang. ........................................................................... 26

4.2. Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- Lm ng ........................................................................................ 27

4.3. Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun............................................................................. 28

5. La chn s b.................................................................................................................................... 29

6. nh gi cc a im......................................................................................................................... 29

Gi tr so snh ca tng nhn tnh hng trong nh my................................................................ 30

PHN TCH SWOT ........................................................................................................................... 30


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7. Chn a im ti u........................................................................................................................... 42

Chng 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH........................................................................... 42

V CN BNG VT CHT .......................................................................................... 42

1. S quy trnh sn xut ru vang ............................................................................................... 43

2. Thuyt minh quy trnh ........................................................................................................................ 45

2.1. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu nho . ............................................................................................... 45

2.2. Phn loi: . ................................................................................................................................... 45

2.3. Ra ............................................................................................................................................... 45

2.4. Nghin, x .................................................................................................................................... 45

2.5. Sulfit ha ...................................................................................................................................... 46

2.6. Qu trnh phi ch........................................................................................................................ 46

2.7. Qu trnh ln men......................................................................................................................... 47

2.8. Qu trnh x l nhit .................................................................................................................... 47

2.9. Qu trnh tch, p b .................................................................................................................... 47

2.10. Qu trnh tng tr ....................................................................................................................... 48

2.11. Qu trnh lc .............................................................................................................................. 48

2.12. Qu trnh chit chai v ng np................................................................................................ 48

2.13. Thanh trng ................................................................................................................................ 49

2.14. Qu trnh dng dn nhn v in hn s dng............................................................................... 49

2.15. Qu trnh ng hp v xp thng............................................................................................... 49

3. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht ................................................................................................................ 49

3.1. Tnh lng nho cn dng ......................................................................................... 50

3.2. Tnh lng nho dng trong mt ngy (tnh theo nng sut nh my) .......................................... 52

3.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng qu trnh ................................................................................... 53

Chng 4: THIT K MT BNG NH MY ............................................................. 57

1. Thit k mt bng phn xng sn xut chnh. ......................................................................... 58

1.1. Phn xng s ch(phn xng tip nhn v xl)......................................................... 58

1.2. Phn xng ln men ............................................................................................................. 60

1.3. Phn xng chit rt............................................................................................................. 62

2. Tnh kch thc cc cng trnh ph ............................................................................................ 63

2.1. Kho cha nguyn liu, thnh phm..................................................................................... 63


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2.2. Kho cha bao b .................................................................................................................... 63

2.3. Kho cha nhin liu. ............................................................................................................. 64

2.4. Nh t my nng lnh......................................................................................................... 64

2.5. Trm bin p, nh t my pht in. ................................................................................ 64

2.6. Xng c kh, sa cha. ....................................................................................................... 64

2.7. Nh ni hi............................................................................................................................. 64

2.8. Khu nh hnh chnh, sinh hot v phc v ........................................................................ 64

2.9. Phng k thutKCS .......................................................................................................... 66

2.10. ng giao thng ni b .................................................................................................. 66

2.11. Cy xanh, thm c............................................................................................................. 66

2.12. Cng trnh cp v thot nc .......................................................................................... 66

3. Tnh din tch v thit k mt bng tng th ca nh my ....................................................... 663.1. Kch thc mt bng tng th.............................................................................................. 66

3.2. Mt bng nh my ................................................................................................................ 67

KT LUN V XUT KIN ..................................................................................................... 68

1. V sinh nh my .............................................................................................................................. 69

2. An ton lao ng ................................................................................................................................. 70

2.1. An ton in ................................................................................................................................. 70

2.2. An ton vn hnh v an ton thit b ........................................................................................... 71

2.3. An ton hi, kh............................................................................................................................ 71

3. Bo vmi trng .............................................................................................................................. 72

3.1. Lm sch khng kh thi .............................................................................................................. 72

3.2. Xl nc thi............................................................................................................................. 72

3.3. Xl b thi................................................................................................................................. 73

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 74


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Chng 1: TNG QUAN

1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ru vang

C l t c sn phm no xut hin sm nh vang. Vang c loi ngi bit cch

thng nghn nm nay, trong cc cu chuyn thn thoi ca ngi Hy Lp c miu tcch trng trt v vang. u tin ngi ta ch bit p qu ly nc ri ln men tnhin trong cc hang , to ra mt loi nc ung gy mt cm gic lng lng v c mithm hp dn khc vi mi thm ca qu chn. Trong lch s ca loi ngi vang ngvai tr quan trng trong i sng kinh t. Nhiu bng chng lch s cho thy vang nh lcng c ca ngnh thng mi, mc d ngun gc ca ngnh ch bin vang thi tin svn cn y b n. Nhng r rng vo thi im con ngi to dng c ngnhch bin vang c qui m Ai Cp v mt s vng khc.

Vo th k th 4 trc cng nguyn, di s thng tr ca ngi La M c i.

Ngnh bun bn vang c pht trin khp Chu u, Bc Phi, thm ch lan ra c vngvin ng. T cng vi s pht trin ca cy nho v sc kt kinh nghim m nghlm ru nho c pht trin trn khp th gii.

Nhng nghlm ru vang ch thc s bt u pht trin mnh mvo nm 1857,khi Lui Pasteur a cc bng chng chng minh rng qu trnh ln men l mt qutrnh sng v nhng khm ph vc svi sinh vt v sh hng ca vang t ckt qu ngoi sc tng tng. Sau , vi s p dng thnh tu ca khoa hc k thutvo cc qu trnh ln men rt ngn c thi gian ln men, ngn chn c s phhoi ca vi sinh vt v gim thi gian trvang ru vang.

Ru vang l mtsn phm c tnh truyn thng rt cao, c bit cc nc Chu

u ru vang c coi nh l mt sn phm thc phm quan trng khng ch trong sinhhot hng ngy m n cn ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong cc bui l vn ha,

hay cc sinh hot c tnh cng ng cao ca dn chng.

Ti Chu u, ru vang to ra mt nt sinh hot, mt phong tc hay thi quenthng ngy ca con ngi ni y. Ru vang gn lin vi con ngi ni y ngay

t khi h sinh ra v cho n khi mt i, ru vang c t rt lu i, lu n mc m ngay

khi sinh ra ngi ta sng cng n v n nh l mt sn phm khng th thiu, mt

ngi bn tm tnh ca ngi Chu u. C th ni rng: Ru vang, mt vn ha Chuu lu i.

Ngoi nhng tnh cht thm ngon, ru vang cn l mt nhn t gip giao

lu, hn gn v tng cng s on kt ca con ngi vi nhau. Ung ru vang khngch n thun l ung ru mt cch thng thng m cn l c mt qu trnh cm nhn,


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thng thc v tn hng hng thm, mi v cng nh cm nhn c ci tm vi nghv nt ti hoa ca ngi ch lm ra loi ru vang .

C rt nhiu nh ngha v ru vang khc nhau, ty theo nguyn liu v cng ngh

sn xut m ru vang thnh phm c hng v v tnh cht cm quan c trng ring.

Theo tiu chun Vit Nam ru vang c nh ngha: Ru vang l loi ungc cn c sn xut bng phng php ln men t cc loi tri cy v khng qua chng

ct (theo TCVN 7045 : 2002). Tuy nhin, theo nh ngha ca mt s nc Chu u th

ru vang nht nh l phi c sn xut t qu nho.

Ru vang c mt lch s lu i trn th gii, bn cnh ru ct hay ru cao ru vang vn c mt ch ng trang trng trong th gii ung. Thi k trung c,

ru vang ch c dng cho cc nh qu tc, cho n hin nay nh s bng n v khoa

hc cng ngh cng nh s bin ng ln v cc h thng chnh tr v c bit l s giaolu bun bn dn n mt xu hng hp tc ton din v kinh t t ko theo s giao

thoa v vn ha gia cc khu vc, cc quc gia vi nhau. Trn lnh vc giao lu kinh t

v vn ha th ru l mt thng phm khng th thiu, c bit l i vi ru vang thc mt s u i c bit, chnh nh nhng tnh cht vt tri, nh cn thp, c hu v

tt, khi ung ruvang em li cho ngi thng thc c cm gic th thi, nh nhng

thanh lch. Chnh nhng c trng lm cho ru vang m rng tm nh hng caring mnh, nh cng nghip ru vang ngy cng pht trin hn, sn phm ru vang

a dng hn vi cht lng ngy cng tt hn.

Ti Vit Nam, ru vang c du nhp vo cng vi ngi Php khi xm lc ng

Dng vo nhng nm u th k 19, c th ni vi thi gian khng phi l di nhngru vang ang dn ly c ch ng trn th trng, tuy c nhng ro cn nht nh v

tp tc v vn ha ung ca ngi Vit c khc ngi phng Ty, xong vi xu th hi

nhp, c bit l sau khi Vit Nam ra nhp WTO, nhiu dng vn u t t nc ngoi vo ko theo cng n vic lm, kinh t tng trng, i sng ngi dn cao dn ln v

c bit l s giao lu gia con ngi vi nhau nhiu hn, giao lu v vn ha tm hiu

nhau lm n, hp tc i bn cng c li,tt c nhng yu t trn s c gip

sc, h tr bi tr th c lc l ru vang. C th ni ru vang l mt trong nhngcng c gip hi nhp.

1.1. Khi nim vru vangTheo ngha, ru vang l sn phm ln men t qu nho hoc t dch nc nho (c

th ln men t mt s qukhc nh to, o, mn, ..) m khng thng qua chng ct.Thng t nho trng ch c th sn xut ru vang trng. Tuy nhin, ru vang trng


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cng c ththu c tnho m c dch trng nu dch p nho c tch khi b ngaytrc khi ln men. Cn tnho m c dch trng hoc c dch th c th to ra ruvang hng hoc ru vang nu cho ln men cb, do cc cht mu t v qu sc ko theo vo trong ru vang.

1.2. Phn loi ru vangC nhiu cch phn loi vang khc nhau

Cn c vo mu sc ca sn phm phn loi thnh: Vang , vang trng, vanghng tng ng vi tng loi vang ny m c cc ch tiu v mu sc, trong khcnhau.

Cn ctheo ru, hm lng ng, hm lng acid.. c trong vang m phnthnh cc loi: vang kh, vang du, vang ngt.. Nhng xu hng chung th vang c

phn thnh hai nhm chnh l vang khng c ga ( trong vang khng c CO2 ) v vang cga (trong vang thnh phm c CO2), trong mi nhm li phn thnh mt s loi khc

nhau tutheo hng, v,.. ca tng loi sn phm.

Bng 2. Phn loi ru vang

Stt Loi vang cn ( %v ) ng ( % )

1. Vang khng gas

1.1 Vang bn n

1.1.a Cay 914 < 0.3

1.1.b Na cay 912 0,30,5

1.1.c Na ngt 912 38

1.2 Vang nng

1.2.a Nng 1720 114

1.2.b im tm

a1 Na ngt 1416 520

b1 Ngt 1517 1420

2. Vang c gas


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2.1 Sm banh

2.1.a Khng ngt 10,5 12,5 < 0,3

2.1.b Rt cay 10,5 12,5 0,8

2.1.c Cay 10,5 12,5 3

2.1.d Na cay 10,5 12,5 5

2.1.e Ngt 10,5 12,5 8

2.2 Ru vang bt

2.2.a 10,5 12,5 78

2.2.b Muxcat 10,5 12,5 9 122.2.c Hng 10,5 12,5 67

2.2.d Vang bt 9 12 38

Ru vang khc vi mt s loi ru cao c lm tng cc, nho v mt sloi qukhc nh: (nh sery, to, du..)

Cognac: c lm t nho, trong thng g si c bit. Armagnac: Sn xut vng Armagnac ( Php ), ging vi ru Cognac nhngc mi mnh hn.

Brandy tng hp: c lm t cc loi qu khc nhau.im khc bit ln nht gia ru vang vi cc ru ny l sau khi ln men dch

qu, ngi ta tin hnh chng ct v c tng trtrong iu kin c bit.

Ru vang cng khc vi cc ru cao khc nh:

Rin: sn xut bng ng hoc mt sng cc. Vodka: c sn xut t khoai ty hoc mt sng cc. Rhum: sn xut t rng ( Cuba ).

V cng c tin hnh chng ct nh cc ru trn. Ru Liquor c im khc bitl n c pha ch t cn chng ct v cc loi dch nc qungm ng.[1.3]


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1.3. Tiu chun cht lng vang

1.3.1. Tiu chun ho l

L chtiu phn tch nh lng i vi mt s thnh phn c bn c trong vangthnh phm lm c s xc nh cht lng ca tng loi vang v c quy nh bng sau:

Bng 3: Tiu chun ho l ca ru vang

Stt Loi Vang

Hm lng

etylic ( %V)

Hm lng

ng(g/100ml)

Hm lng acidtheo acid malic

(g/l)

1 Vang kh 914 < 0,3 57

2 Vang na kh 914 0,52,5 57

3 Vang na ngt 912 35 57

4 Vang ngt 1314 1415 57

5 Vang trng ming 1417 1016 57

6 Vang gas

( nhn to )

1012 0,58 57

7 Vang gas

( t nhin )

1113 0,58 57

8 Vang nng 1720 610 57

Ngoi ra, hm lng acid bay hi ( tnh theo acid axetic ) i vi vang trng 1,2g/l, vang hng 1,3 g/l, vang 1,4 g/l, hm lng SO2 tdo 20 mg/l.

Cc kim loi nng: Cu 4 mg/l, Fe 10 mg/l, Zn 5 mg/l, Pb 0,4 mg/l,..


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1.3.2. Tiu chun vi sinh vtKhng c c cc loi vi sinh vt sau: Coliform, E.coli, Samonella, B. cereus..

i vi vi khun hiu kh th 100 khun lc/ml.

1.3.3. Tiu chun cm quanRu vang c cha nhiu thnh phn khc nhau, chnh nhng thnh phn ny to

cho ru vang gi tr cm quan khc nhau, em li cho ngi thng thc nhng cm

gic rt c bit. C th ni ru vang l mt hn hp nhiu thnh phn, trong chahn 800 cu t bay hi. Mt s thnh phn c t qu nho, cn mt s thnh phn khc

c hnh thnh trong qu trnh ln men hoc qu trnh chn (tng tr).

Hng v ca ru vng l mt thnh phn rt quan trng tora tnh cht c trng

cng nh cht lng cho ru thnh phm. Cc hp cht hng c mt trong ru vang

c thnh phn ha hc rt a dng, trong c cc hp cht cha nitrogen c phn tlng nh nhng chng c ngha rt quan trng trong vic to ra gi tr cm quan cho

ru vang.

Tnh cht cm quan v mu sc, trong

Mu sc c trng cho tng loi vang, ty loi nguyn liu cng nh cng ngh snxut ru to cho ru c mu sc nht hoc thm khc nhau.

Trng thi trong ca ru phi t sao cho khi cm quan nhn bng mt thng thy

trong v khng c vn c vn c, trong phi sng.

Mu ca ru vang, c bit ru vang ch yu do mu chit ra t v caqu nho, trong qu trnh ng chai, tng tr mu ca ru c th b bin i do qu trnh

oxy ha hoc di tc dng ca nh sng, v vy ngi ta thng dng nhng chai sm

mu hoc chai sn chit ru ng thi bo qun ru ni dm mt trnh tip xcvi nh sng.

Qu trnh bin i mu c th do trong qu trnh tng tr, bo qun oxy ha

cc hp cht anthocyanin lm cho ru b mt mu dn gi tr cm quan v mu khng

cn hp dn na.Tnh cht cm quan v mi v

Ru vang cht lng tt l loi ru vang c mi thm c trng ca nguyn liuv sn phm ln men, khng c mi l, mi ca ru vang c to ra mt phn do ru

c hm lng cn nh bay hi ko theo mt s cu t to mi, nhng ch yu l do cc
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cu t d bay hi c trong ru c hnh thnh t chnh nguyn liu ban u v trongqu trnh ln men cng nh tng tr ru.

V ca ru cng rt a dng, vca ru c v chua hoc cht c hoc khng c v

ngt,c bitkhng c v l, v chua c to ra do trong ru c mt s axit hu c nh

axit malic, axit tartric, tuy nhiu nu hm lng axit qu nhiu th ru s chua gt vcht lng ru s gim, cc thnh phn axit ny ch yu l do nguyn liu ban u, nn

ty theo ma v, theo nm sn xut nu nguyn liu khng tt th nh sn xut phi c

cc bin php cng ngh can thip kp thi, nh vi ru vang nu hm lng axitmalic qu cao th phi tin hnh ln men malolactic gim chua cho ru vang thnh

phm.

V gi tr cm quan ca ru vang c mt yu t ht sc quan trng chnh l hu

v ca ru, vi ru vang cht th khi ung xong phi em li cho ngi ung cm gic

cht nh hi se cung hng, kt hp hi ha vi hm lng cn, cng nh v chua cacc axit c trong ru. V cht ca ru vang cht ch yu l do hm lng tanin ctrong qu nho chit ra trong qu trnh ly dch qu, do vy phi rt ch trong cng on

lm dp qu lm sao c th chit c lng tanin va cho ru vang thnh phm

sau ny v cng khng c nhiu qu khng s nh hng n qu trnh ln men canm men.

Ngoi cc tnh cht cm quan tt, th trong qu trnh sn xut ru vang vn to ra

nhng mi, hng kh chu khng tt cho gi tr cm quan ca ru nh: mi l, mi hi

chut (mouseness), mi kh chu ny do nhiu nguyn nhn gy ln, c th do chanhng hp cht l, cc nhm nitrogen, cc nhm chc mch vng,.. c t nguyn liu

mang vo hoc c to ra trong qu trnh ln men, tng tr sau ny.

Tnh cht cm quan v hng v

Yu t to hng v chnh cho ru vang ch yu l cc hp cht bay hi i theovm ming ln c quan khu gic, trong ch yu c cc thnh phn monotecpen nh:

geraniol, linalool c vai tr quan trng trong vic to hng cho nhiu loi ru nho x

nh: Muscat Gordo Blanco v Muscat Frontignan v c nh hng tuy t hn ti loi

ru nho hng cy c (floral) nh to Rieslingv Traminer. Ngoi ra cn c cc cu tmethoxypyrazin v d nh isobutylmethoxypyrazin, y l thnh phn quan trng ca

ru vang Sauvignon blanc v Cabernet Sauvignon.

Cc cu t norisoprenoid nh vitispirane-damascenone, chng c bit n nh lnhng cht hu ht c to ra t nhng cht khng bay hi c trong qu nho chn v c
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vai tr quan trng trong gi tr cm quan ca cc loi ru vang c in nh Shiraz,Cabernet

Thnh phn c bn ca ru vang

Ru vangc 4 thnh phn chnh: tannin, cn, axt v mi v.TANNIN

Cht tannin trong ru c chit xut t ht, v v cung nho.y l mt yu

t quan trng quyt nh thi gian ruty theo hm lng tannin c trong ru

nhiu hay t. N l mt cht bo qun t nhin c trong nho. Tannin lm nn kt cuv l thnh phn chnh ca ru. C th cm nhn cht tannin trong vm ming,chtging nh cm gic ung nc tr c.

Tannin l thnh phn quan trngtrong vic ru hn l ru trng. N nhl mt cht bo qun vs nht dn. Khi ru cn tr thng c mi thm ca hoa

qu, mi v ca ru s pht trin a dng theo thi gian. iu ny nhn thy r trong

nhng chairu ngon lu nm. Khi mc tannin t ti cn bng, khng lnt cc v khc, lc l thi im l tng nht ung vkhng nht thit phi

ru thm na.

Tannin cng c nhng c tnh khc nh cht c bit c trong nhng chairu

vang rt tr haym nh trong ruBeaujolais

AXITTt c cc loi hoa qu u cn cht axt nh to, chanh, xoi, k c nho. Axt l

cht lm cho hoa qu ti ngon. Nu khng c n th tri cy s tr nn qu ngt vlm ta pht ngy, cn nu t qu th c nh l ung xir tri cy c ng.

Gingcc loitri cy, ru cng cn axt . Nu qu t n s tr nn chn ngtv ngn ngm, c bit l ru ngt . Cn nu qu nhiu axts tr nn chua gt vkhng th ung c. Mc axt c th cm nhn c bng ming bi v chua

trong ru, c th l hai bn u li.Mts loi axt nh axt acetic l loi axt d bay hi, nu c mt lng nh

chng cngc th lm bay ht hng v ca ru. Nu qu nhiu, ru s chua ging

vi cht aceton thm ch l chua nh dm.Ruc hm lng axtcao th thngc bit lsn xut x lnh nh pha Bc nc Php, nc Anh hay New Zealand.

Cn nu ru c lng axt thp ththuc cc nc c thi tit mhn nh c, ni

m cht axt trong nho thng thp chm bo cho qu trnh axt ha.

CNCn l sn phm ca qu trnh ln men ngt nhin trong nho. n gin l


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ru vang khng th thiu cn. Hm lng ng trong nho s quyt nh nng cn ca ru. c, thi tit mt nn nho rt kh chn,hm lng ng rt t do

vy ru ch c nng cn t 7 - 8. Tuy nhin nhng ni c kh hu m, nng

cn s ph thuc khng hon ton vo ng m cnm men. Bi v khi ru t ti

14 cn th nm men s ngng pht trin v cht. V th ru vang c nng trn15 hu ht l c pha thm cn.

Qu trnh chuyn i ng thnh cn l mt bc sng cn trong qu trnh snxut ru. Nhiu nh lm ru vang hin i lun tp trung vo vickim sot qu

trnh ln men. Qu trnh ln men lun sinh nhit v vy hkim sot qu trnh ln

men trong nhit mt gi nhng hng v ti mtca tri cy. So snh nhngloi ruln men t nhin thy r iu ny. Mc d, qu trnh ln men lun din

ra t nhinnh vo nm men sn c trong nhonhng mt s nh lm ru thch dng

men nui to ra nhng c tnh rt ring cho runh ru Beaujolais c michui.

MI VV ca ru rt a dng, n ty thuc vo ging nho ( c trng u, v thu

hoch, thi tit nm th no, thi im thu hoch, qui trnh sn xut, ... ). Ngoira, v ca ru cn b nh hng ca mt s yu t sau:

- V ngt

R rng l nu qu trnh ln men b hm li thmc tng ca nng cn s ti. V vy trong ruvn cn mt lng ng . K c khi qu trnh ln men khng

b can thipth huht lng ng trong ru l 1g/l. Bi mt s hn hp ng

ngn cn , chng li s pht trin ca nm men nnhm lng ng cn lis quyt nh ngt ca ru. Tuy nhin, cho d nhng loi ru kh nht cng

chamt hm lng ng nht nh. Hu ht nhng loi ru kh u c lng

ng t nht t 2g/l n 25g/l, lng ng trong ru cng nhiu th ru cngngt hn.

- G siNhiu loi ru c trng thnh trong thng g sithm ch mt s loi cn

ln men trong thng ri. G si c ly t nhiu ngun (nhng ch yu l t rngca Php hoc M) s cho ru nhng c tnh khc nhau.Nhng ni chung ru

nui trng thnh trong thng g si s c v ca b, c ph, caramel, vali, v cay vb nu.

G Si Php cho nhiu hng bcn si M cho mi vali v hng vi m

hn. Mc d nivy nhng c rt nhiu bin i trong phn ng ha hc ny . Tt


15/74

Thit knh my ru vang

1

cph thuc vothng si c hay mi, s dng li bao nhiu ln, ru c nuitrong thng bao nhiu lu, ru ch c nui trng thnh trong thng si hay l

c ln men trong thng si, thngsi c x l th no.

Thng sic t xung quanh bng v bo ca g si s cho mi khi v mi

nng. Cnthng si no c s dng k thut ng thng bng hi nc th s chohng v ca thc n lm t ng cc.

-Nm BotrytisNm Botrytis l mt loi mc c li cho nho, sinh sng trn v nho chn. Nho b

nhim nm Botrytis trng rt xu, bc mu v nhn nheo. Nhng ru lm t loi

nho ny rt ngon nh ru ca vng Sauternes. Botrytis lm gim lung nc vtng hm lng ng trong nho. V th sn lng ru cng s gim vgi s cao.

Botrytis thng xut hin nhng vng c nhiu nc v sng m nh vng

Sauternes Bordeaux v xung quanh vng Neusiederlersee c. , bui sangsng m nhiu lm cho nho mt, nng bui chiu lm tan sng m v se mt

nho. Nunhng ni no thi tit qu m t, sng m bao ph sut ngy th chc

chn nho s b thi ra vmt l do na lm gi ru cao l khi thu hoch nhng loinho ny cnrt cn thn v cn nhiu ngi i tng gc hi tng chm nho ch

khng c dng my thu hoch. Ru c lm t nhng loi nho ny c mi

rt thm ca hoa qu, ngt v rt snh.

- MenTrong nhiu loi ru, men l nhn t chnh to ra hng v cho ru. Khi ru

ln men hon ton n thng b vn c vcn, to ra bi nhng t bo men cht. Chnh v th ngi ta dng nhiu k thut khc nhau lc cn ra khi

ru.Nu ru cha cn trong thi gian di s lm tng bo, c mi v ca bnh

m v bnh biscuits. K thutny c dng tng thm s su sc cho nhiu loiChampagne, cng nh Muscadet, ru trng Burgundy (bao gm c mt s Chablis)

v mt s ru trng khc.Ngoi ra cn c mts v khc nh: khong cht, c tnh

ca vng t v v mng ty.

1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ru vang

Trong thi i nn kinh t th trng th ru vang tr thnh mt sn phmthng mi c th sn xut v kinh doanh em li li nhun rt ln. Nhng nm gn ykhi m i sng nhn dn ta kh hn trc rt nhiu th nhu cu khng ch dng li vic n no mc m m c nng ln mt nc mi l phi thng thc ci ngon, cip ca vn ho m thc; ngi ta ang chuyn t ung bia sang ung ru vang.


16/74

Thit knh my ru vang

1

Trc kia ngnh sn xut v tiu thru vang ch tp trung cc nc Chu u,Bc M v Chu c do ru vang cn qu t i vi i b phn nhn dn trn th gii,th n nay kinh t ca cc nc ang dn pht trin v i sng nhn dn c ci thinng k th nhu cu thng thc ru vang khng chn thun nh mt loi ungm n cn c trng vn ho m thc tng ln ng k.

Trong vi nm gn y, ru vang ca n v Trung Quc xm nhp thtrng quc tv bc i sp ti h s tn cng cc quc gia vn ni ting v sn xutru vang nh Php. Hin nay, mi nm n xut khu hn 250.000 chai vang hohng. Con sny nh du mt bc tin trong ngnh sn xut ru vang ca n vch vi chc nm trc quc gia ny hu nh chng c chai vang no c th ung c.

Vit Nam l mt nc ng Nam , c vng nhit i kh hu m nn ngh trngnho sn xut ru vang ch pht trin mt s vng kh hu thch hp nh Ninh Thun,Bc Bnh Thun, Lt, Bc Ninh,... Vang ca Vit Nam thng sn xut t nhiu loi

qu v ln men bng siro dch qu nn cht lng khng cao (do mt i hng, v caquti).

V vy mc tiu t ra cho ngnh sn xut ru vang cn thc hin l:

-Xy dng ngnh sn xut ru vang c chng trn thtrng ni a. S dngti a ngun nguyn liu trong nc sn xut ra sn phm c cht lng cao, a dngho v chng loi, ci tin bao b mu m, phn u h gi thnh, nng cao khnngcnh tranh, p ng nhu cu trong nc v c sn phm xut khu, tng ngun thu ngnsch, hi nhp vng chc kinh t khu vc v th gii.

-Khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia sn xut, ru vang c cht lnggn vi ru vang quc t.

nh hng pht trin:

-V thit b cng ngh: hin i ho cng ngh, ng dng nhng thit b cngngh hin i ca th gii m bo cc tiu chun cht lng, an ton v sinh thc

phm, mi trng theo qui nh ca Vit Nam v quc t sn phm c khnng cnhtranh ngy cng cao trn thtrng trong v ngoi nc.

-Vu t: tp trung vo cc nh my c cng sut thit k ln, pht huy ti anng lc ca cc c ssn xut c thit b v cng ngh tin tin, ng thi tin hnh ut mrng nng lc sn xut ca mt s nh my hin c a dng ho hnh thc u t

phng thc huy ng vn ca cc thnh phn kinh ttrong nc, y mnh c phn hoi vi nhng doanh nghip nh nc.


17/74

Thit knh my ru vang

1

3. Nguyn liu v tiu chun nguyn liu.

3.1. S lc v nguyn liu nhoNho c ngun gc vng bc bn cu, c bit l vng kh hu n i thuc

Chu u, Bc m, Trung M v Ty Bc ca Nam M thuc di Andes. Cy nho thch

hp nhit cao va phi cho s nhoa v th phn. Vng trng nho yu cu kh hukh, nhiu nng v t ma. Nhng vng ma nhiu, vi lng ma 1000 mm tr lnkhng thch hp cho s hnh thnh v pht trin hoa, qu; khng nhng th cn kch thchs pht trin ca su bnh.

Nho thuc h Vitis. Nho l loi tri cy dng lm nguyn liu truyn thng sn xutru vang. Da vo ngun gc ca ging nho, c th chia thnh 2 nhm c bn:

Nho trng: tri nho khi chn v khng c mu hoc c mu vng lc nht.Nho : tri nho khi chn c mu tm nhng mc khc nhau.Trong sn xut vang trng, c th s dng c nho trng v nho . Tuy nhin, khi sn

xut vang trng vi nho th cng on x l nguyn liu phc tp hn. Do , ngi tathng s dng nho trng sn xut ru vang trng. m bo cho sn phm c cht lng cao, cn phi tch v x l ring cc chm

nho, qu nho b dp trong qu trnh thu hi nho chn. Phnln cc loi nho dng lm ru vang trng v khi c gt hi th s t

khong 0,65% acid v 23o Brix.a s, cc ngh nhn lm ru vang quyt nh thi im gt hi nho bng thng qua

vic nh gi mu sc nho v nm qu nho.Bo qun nho nguyn liu: c th bo qun bng kho lnh nhm hn ch vi sinh vt

pht trin.

Cy nho c th trng c trong nhiu loi t ai khc nhau. Tuy nhin, t ccht lng cao nht, t trng cn t mt mc cn bng v thnh phn (t st, silic, vi, cht mn v cht khong). Mt yu t quan trng khc l t l gia cc loi tst, t tht v ct. dy lp t mt, nhit v mu t cng nh hng n chtlng nho lm ru.

Vit Nam, c im kh hu kh v nng nh tnh Ninh Thun tng i ph hpcho ssinh trng v pht trin ca cy nho. Theo s liu kh tng cho thy vng nyc nhit cao quanh nm khng c ma ng nh cc tnh pha Bc, m bo cho ssinh trng v gic mu xanh quanh nm, khng c hin tng nghng nh ccnc n i. Lng ma hng nm thp, trung bnh 879,8 mm/nm, m khng kh

trung bnh 76,67%. Thi gian chiu sng nhiu, s ginng bnh qun trn 7 gimingy l iu kin tt cho sinh trng, pht trin v cho nng sut cao.

Nho thch hp trn t bi tch ph nhiu, c thnh phn ct nh v tht pha ct, tti d lm c kt cu tt v pH thch hp cho nho pht trin l 6,57,5.


18/74

Thit knh my ru vang

18

Cc ging nho c trng phbinVit Nam- Ging nho Cardinal: cy c sc sng trung bnh n cao. Chm hoa ra t

th 18. Chm qu ln trung bnh, hnh nn ct hoc nn di. Quc mu sng hoc sm kh hp dn, hnh cu hoc hnh ellip, qu thng c 2 -3 ht; chn khng u.Cht lng qu trung bnh vi 1415oBrix.

- Nho tmRibier: cy c sc sng mnh, l to; chm qu v dng qutng tnhnho Cardinal v n l ging b ca nho . Quc mu tm en, khi lng qu khln 4,55 g, v qu mng. Cht lng qu trung bnh vi 1416o Brix.

- GingNH.01-48: ging ny c nhp tThi Lan, nm 1997, cy c sc sngtrung bnh. L mu xanh nht, nhn, chm qutrung bnh n ln c hnh nn di. Khilng chm qu trung bnh 330350 g, khi chn qu c mu xanh vng, v qu dy dtch ra khi phn tht qu. Cht lng qu tt vi 1718oBrix, nng xut cao 12 15tn/ha, ging ny c trng nhiu Ninh Thun.

- Ging Black Queen: ging ny c nhp tThi Lan, nm 1997, cy c scsng ttrung bnh n cao, chm hoa c hnh dng kh p. Chm qu c hnh nn, kchthc ln; khi lng chm 350 450 (g). Cht lng qu tt vi 16 17oBrix, nngsut 12 - 15 tn/ha.

- GingRed star: ging ny c nhp t M, nm 1998. Cy c sc sng trungbnh, l mu xanh nht, t lng. Chm quhnh nn, kch thc ln; khi lng chm600800 g. Cht lng qu tt 1617oBrix, nng sut 1214 tn/ha.

- GingNH.02 - 04: y l ging nho ru c trin vng nht, c nhp t Php,nm 1994. Cy c sc sng cao, l trn mu xanh nht, t lng. Chm hoa c hnh dngdi, t phn nhnh; chm qu hnh nn thun di, khi lng chm qu 200250 g. Quhnh cu, khi chn quc mu xanh hi vng, axit v ng cao 1618o Brix, vqu mng; nng xut kh cao 1518 tn/ha.

- Ging Chambourcin (NH.02 - 10): y cng l mt trong nhng ging nho ru,c nhp tc, nm 1994. Cy c sc sng trung bnh, l hnh tim, mng, mu xanhm; chm hoa phn nhnh nhiu. Chm qu c hnh nn hi thun di, khi lngchm qu t 150200 g; qu hnh cu, khi chn c mu en sm. Hng vthm, chuangt; v qudy. axit v ng cao (1617oBrix), nng sut trung bnh 810tn/ha. Ru vang v nc ngt ch bin t ging nho ny c mu sc kh hp dn.

- GingRubi red (NH.02 - 09): ging ny c nhp tc, nm 1994. Cy c scsng trung bnh, l hi trn, dy, mu xanh nht; chm quc hnh nn hi trn, khilng chm qu bin ng kh ln t 50 150 g. Qu hnh cu, khi chn c mu ensm; hng v thm, chua, ngt. axit v ng cao (18 20o Brix), nng sut


19/74

Thit knh my ru vang

19

trung bnh 7 - 10 tn/ha. Ru vang v nc ngt ch bin t ging nho ny c mu sckh hp dn.

Din tch vsn lngDin tch trng cy nho trn th gii khong 10 triu ha. Chu u l khu vc c

din tch trng nho ln nht th gii, nhng nc trng nhiu nho l Bo Nha, ThNh K, Php, Italia, Nga, v M.

Nng sut nho trn th gii dao ng kh ln, t 5,227,0 tn/ha. Thp nht l Iran vTriu Tin, nhng nc c nng sut cao l n v H Lan

Vit Nam cy nho c trng tp trung ch yu tnh Ninh Thun v Bc BnhThun vi din tch khong 2.5002.700 v mt s t pha Nam tnh Khnh Ho, trncc vng kh hu kh nng v c lng ma thp. Trong nhng nm gn y, cy nhoc pht trin ra c cc tnh pha Bc, Vng c kh hu nhit i m.

Ti vng Ninh Thun, cy nho c tim nng nng sut rt cao, trn mt ha c ththu c 3040 tn mi nm mt cch n nh nu c k thut ph hp.

Tnh hnh sdng cc sn phm tnho-Nho n ti: ngha l c tiu thdi dng quti. Cc ging ny c mu

sc b ngoi, mi v hp dn, vn chuyn i xa khng b dp nt, th qu cng, v qudai.. Cc ging nho n ti ch yu l Thompson Seedless, Tokay, Black Queen,Redstar, NH.01-48..

- Nho kh: l nhng ging nho trng lm kh nho. Nhng ging nho ny

thng c cu trc qu mm, khng ht, hm lng ng cao, hng v d chu v t bdnh khi bo qun sn phm. Dng vo mc ch ny thng l cc ging nho khng htnh Thompson, Seedless, Black corinth, Seedless sultana..

-Nho ru: l cc ging nho trng sn xut ru vang v mt sru mnhcao cp, t tin. Loi nho ny c trng ch yu Chu u, Nam Phi, Bc Phi, NamM v c vi cc ging nh White Riesling, Chardonnay, Chambourcin, Ruby Red,

NH.02 - 04..

-Nho lm nc ngt: l nhng ging nho c dch nc p ngt lm ung.

Nc qu nho c th gi li c hng v t nhin ca nho ti thng qua vic lc vbo qun. Mngi ta dng ging Concord, Php dng ging Aramon v Carignan,cc nc Trung u dng ging White Riesling.

- Nho ng hp: cc ging nho khng ht nh Thompson Seedless v Cannerthng c dng ng hp chung vi cc loi tri cy khc.


20/74

Thit knh my ru vang

20

Tiu chun i vi nho lm ru.Nho phi c thu hoch ng thi im t chin k thut, ti thi im ny hmlng ng v hm lng axit phi t t lcn i v thch hp nht cho sn xut vangnho. Trong qu trnh thu hoch, nho chn bao gicng c mt s chm nho v qu nho bdp, nn vic tch ring v x l nho dp l rt cn thit nhm m bo cht lng vangthnh phm. Nho dng lm nguyn liu sn xut ru vang phi tha mn cc iu kinsau: Nho phi cha nhiu nc. Hm lng ng c thln men dc cao. Hm lng axut hu c cao. Mang sc tc trng.

3.2 H vi sinh vt trong nm menH vi sinh vt trong ln men ru vang t nhin tng i phc tp v khng ng

nht trong cc giai on ca qu trnh ln men.Trong nc nho ti c nhng nhm vi sinh vt khc nhau t mi trng xungquanh, ch yu v qu, thn, cung v thit b. Phn ln trong phc h ny l nm mc(7690%), nm men (9 22%), s cn li chim t l thp l vi khun khng sinh bot hoc c bo t, x khun vMicobacter.

acid ca nc nho kh cao (pH = 2,7 3,8) l iu kin khng thun li chocc vi sinh vt pht trin.

mi trng c chua ln thng ch thch hp vi nm mc v nmmen. Nm men trong nc qu ti thng t hn nm mc, nhng nm men li c khnng pht trin v tng sinh khi nhanh trong iu kin thiu oxy hoc k kh, ng thi

ln men tch t cn. iu kin k kh v trong dung dch c cn lm c ch nmmc. Chnh trong iu kin ny nm men cnh tranh v pht trin chim u th trongqu trnh ln men t nhin.

Trong cc loi nm men cng cnh tranh nhau ch c cc loi c kh nng ngha ng nhanh to cn cao mi dn dn chim u th giai on ln men chnh vln men ph.

Cc cng trnh nghin cu u xc nh rng, h nm men trong giai on u lnmen nc nho l kloeckeranm men c dng hnh chy chim phn ln v hot ngtch t c 2 4 cn ri ngng hot ng v cht dn, sau l nm men ru vangthc th (Saccharomyces cerevisiae v Saccharomyces oviformics) pht trin v ng vaitr ch yu trong ln men chnh v ln men ph.

3.3. Nm menNm men l tn chung ch nhm nm men c cu to v sinh sn bng cch ny chi

v phn ct. Chng phn b rng ri khp ni. c bit chng c mt nhiu t trng


21/74

Thit knh my ru vang

2

nho v cc ni trng hoa qu. Ngoi ra thy chng c mt trn tri cy chn, trong nhyhoa, trong khng kh v cni sn xut ru vang.

Sau y l mt s loi nm men thng gp trong nc qu c vai tr quan trngtrong nghlm ru vang.

Sacchar omyces cerevisiae:y l tn hin nay dng ph bin, trc y ngi ta gi l Saccharomyces

cerevisiae Meyerhay l S. ellipsoideustheo Lodder l Saccharomyces vini.Nm men ny ph bin trong qu trnh ln men nc qu chim ti 80% trong tng

sSaccharomycesc trong nc qu khi ln men. Khnng kt lng ca n ph thucvo tng ni: cc t bo dng bi hoc dng bng. Ngun dinh dng cacbon ca loiny l ng, cn v acid hu c, nhng tc nhn sinh trng l acid pantotinic, biotin,mezoinozit, thiamin v piridoxin.

a s cc t bo ca loi ny hnh ovan c kch thc (38) x (512) m, sinh sntheo li ny chi v to thnh bo t. Saccharomyces cerevisiae sinh ra enzyme

invectara c khnng khng sacaroza thnh fructoza v glucoza, v vy trong lnmen ta c th b sung loi ng ny vo dung dch quv hm lng ru c tothnh bnh thng i vi nhiu ni ca men ny cht c 810% so vi th tch.

giai on cui ln men Saccharomyces cerevisiae kt lng nhanh v lm trong dchru.

ni ca ging ny c c tnh ring v khnng to cn, chu sunfit, tng hp cccu tbay hi v cc sn phm th cp to ra cho vang c mi vc trng ring bit.

Giai on cui cng ca qu trnh ln men cc t bo Saccharomycescerevisiaethng b gi, khng tip tc chuyn ng thnh cn v b cht rt nhanh.

Saccharomyces uvarum:Men ny c tch tnc nho, ru len men t nhin. V hnh thi n khng khc

vi cc loi khc. Khnng sinh bo t kh mnh trn mi trng thchmalt. Cc nica loi ny c th ln men 12 130 cn trong dung dch nc nho. Mt vi ni cdng trong sn xut ru vang.

Saccharomyces cheval ier i:Theo Lodder l Saccharomyces chevalieri Guilliermond. Nm men ny c tch t

nc nho ln men t nhin, t ru vang non c gy men nc da hoc ncc. Saccharomyces chevalieri thun chng ln men nc nho c th to 160 cn. N

thng ln vi Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Saccharomyces ovif ormics:Theo Lodder l Sac. Beuanes saccardo. c tch ra tnc nho tln men, nhng

loi nm men ny t hn so viSacch. vini. Ging thun chng pht trin tt trong ncnho v cc loi nc qu khc, c khnng chu c ng cao, cn cao, ln men kitng v to thnh ti 180 cn.


22/74

Thit knh my ru vang

2

Cc yu tsinh trng ca loi ny ging nhSacch. vini v c khnng chu ccn cao. Dng cc ni thun chng ca ging ny ln men dch quc hm lng ngcao ch vang kh cho kt qu tt.

C hnh dng ging nhSaccharomyces cerevisiae v c th to thnh 18% ru

trong qu trnh ln men, ging ny to thnh mng trn dch qu. S. oviformis ln menc glucose, fructose, mantose, saccarose, maltose v 1/3 rafinose, khng ln men clactose, pentose. iu khc nhau c bn ca S. oviformis vi S. vini l: S.oviformis khng ln men c galactose v men ni ln b mt dch ln men to thnhmng. Hai ging sn xut ru vang ny (S. vini v S. oviformis) c nhiu ni c dngtrong sn xut.

Hanseniaspora apiculateKloeckera apicul ata:Kloeckera apiculata: kch thc tng i nh, c hnh ovan elip hoc hnh qu

chanh, t bo c mt u nhngi ta thng gi l men hnh chy. Sinh sn bng nychi, rt ph bin v qu v nhim vo nc qu chim n 90% tng s men khi btu ln men. N c th ln men to thnh 670 cn, nhng to ra mt lot cc acid bayhi cng nh cc este ca chng lm cho dch c mi tp v n cn km hm cc loinm men chnh trong ln men,K. apiculata nhy cm vi SO2.

Trong nghlm ru vang ngi ta khng mong mun loi men ny pht trin, nuc th ch cn c trong giai on u to c 340 cn.

Tiu chun i vi nm men lm ruCc loi nm men thun khit dng nhiu trong sn xut ru vang thuc

ging Saccharomyces cerevisiae vSaccharomyces oviformis.

Cc chng nm men thun khit ny, c s khc nhau v tc sinh trng, khongnhit thch hp ln men, khnng to cn v chu cn, khnng chu c pH thpcng nh khnng kt lng (to thnh dng bng hoc dng bi).

- Nhng yu cu i vi nm men ru vang l:

+ C hot lc ln men cao i vi nc qu.

+ S dng ng cho ln men gn nh hon ton.

+ Kt lng tt.

+ Lm trong dch ru nhanh.

+ Chu c ru cao v acid ca mi trng cng nh cc cht st trng.


23/74

Thit knh my ru vang

2

Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNGNH MY

1. Tm quan trng ca la chn a im xy dng nh mya im ca nh my c tc ng lu di n hot ng v li ch ca doanh

nghip. ng thi n cng c nh hng n cc yu t x hi khc. Xc nh a imca nh my hp l to iu kin tip xc vi khch hng, nng cao khnng thu htkhch hng, thm nhp v chim lnh thtrng mi, thc y sn xut kinh doanh phttrin, tng doanh thu v li nhun. N cho php nh my xc nh, la chn nhng khuvc c iu kin ti nguyn v mi trng kinh doanh thun li, khai thc cc li th cami trng nhm tn dng, pht huy tt nht tim nng bn trong. Quyt nh v aim ca nh my l mt loi quyt nh c tnh chin lc. Xc nh a im doanhnghip l bin php quan trng gim gi thnh sn phm. Quyt nh xc nh a imdoanh nghip nh hng mnh mn chi ph tc nghip, c bit l chi ph vn chuyn

nguyn liu v sn phm. Ngc li, nu la chn btr t nh my khng hp l c thdn n vic ngng hot ng ca nh my. V vy khi chn a im ca nh my ta cntin hnh cn thn, c tm nhn xa, xem xt mt cch ton din c kn khnng phttrin, mrng doanh nghip trong tng lai. Cn nu ln t nht hai phng n tnhton so snh v mt kinh t, k thut Trong mi trng hp, a im c chn cnc s nht tr ca cc c quan quy hoch v chnh quyn a phng.

2. Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my

Nh my phi c t nm gn ngun nguyn liu. Giao thng: Nh my t gn ng giao thng chnh ( ng b, ng thy,ng st, ng hng khng) thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu, sn

phm

Ngun in, nc: C nc trong mng li sinh hot thnh ph, nc gingkhoan ( su ging t 40m 120m, nu cn qu nc s nhim, su qu thnc d c kim loi nng). Gn mng li in quc gia.

Nm trong khu quy hoch ca thnh ph, khu vc m bo an ninh quc phng. Nn t gn khu dn c. La chn ni c kh hu, thi tit, i hnh thun li tng i bng phng, mch

nc ngm su di lng t.


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3. Xc nh v phn tch cc nhn t chnh nh hng ti vic la chn a imnh my ru vang

3.1. Nhn t nguyn liui vi nh my sn xut ru vang nho th nguyn liu l yu t mang tnh cht

quyt nh i vi nh my. y l yu ti hi tt yu. Do cht lng v c im canguyn liu nho s dng trong qu trnh sn xut l thi gian bo qun ngn, ng thicht lng v tnh cht vt l ca quv hm lng ng c th b gim xung trongqu trnh vn chuyn. t gn ngun nguyn liu cng l gim c chi ph vn chuynv tit kim c chi ph lp t cc thit b bo qun trong khi vn chuyn.V thhot ng ca nh my c hiu qu cn phi t gn vng ngun nguyn liu.

3.2. C sh tng

3.2.1. Giao thng

Nh my cn t gn cc ng giao thng chnh thun tin cho vic vn chuyn.

S lng ln nho nguyn liu cn phi vn chuyn cho nh my trong thi gianngn m bo cht lng. V giao thng l nhn t gp phn ln m boiu kin trn.

Sn phm ca ru vang nho c gi thnh cao, v sn phm c ng gi trongcc chai thy tinh (d v). Giao thng cn phi thun tin qu trnh vn chuynsn phm c an ton.

ng thi, giao thng thun li cng thu ht c s ch ca cc nh u t.3.2.2. in: Cn t gn mng li in quc gia.

3.2.3. NcNc l yu t rt quan trng trong cc nh my thc phm c bit l nh my

sn xut ung, c th y l nh my ru vang. c th kim sot c chtlng nc cng nh m bo qu trnh cung cp nc l lin tc th nh my nn c hthng nc ging khoan ( su t 40m120m).

3.3. Thtrng tiu th

Trong iu kin pht trin nh hin nay, thtrng tiu th trthnh mt nhn tquan trng nht tc ng n quyt nh a im doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip

thng coi vic b tr gn ni tiu th l mt b phn trong chin lc cnh tranh ca

mnh. iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng


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trong lnh lc dch v, doanh nghip gn thtrng c li th cnh tranh. xc nh

a im t doanh nghip, cn thu thp, phn tch, x l cc thng tin thtrng nh:

Dung lng thtrng; c cu v tnh cht ca nhu cu; xu hng pht trin ca th

trng; tnh cht v tnh hnh cnh tranh; c im sn phm v loi hnh kinh doanh

3.4. a hnh v c im khu t a hnh, a cht, thuvn, kh tng, ti nguyn, sinh thi. m bo yu cu xy dng cng trnh bn vng, n nh, m bo nh

my hot ng bnh thng quanh nm.

3.5. Lc lng lao ngThng doanh nghip t u th s dng ngun lao ng ti l ch yu. c

im ca ngun lao ng nh khnng p ng v s lng, cht lng lao ng,trnh chuyn mn, tay nghnh hng trc tip ti nng sut lao ng v kt qu hotng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip sau ny.

Ngun lao ng di do, c o to, c trnh chuyn mn, knng tay nghcao l mt trong nhng yu t thu ht s ch ca cc doanh nghip. C nhiu ngnhcn lao ng ph thng phi c phn b gn ngun lao ng nh nhng khu dn c;nhng cng c ngnh cn lao ng c tay nghcao, i hi gn thnh ph ln, gn trungtm o to nghin cu khoa hc.

Chi ph lao ng c ngha c bit quan trng i vi quyt nh a im doanhnghip. Chi ph lao ng r rt hp dn cc doanh nghip, cc doanh nghip thng

mun t doanh nghip mnh nhng ni c chi ph lao ng thp.

3.6. Quan h x hiTnh hnh dn s, phong tc tp qun, cc chnh sch pht trin kinh t, khnng cungcp lao ng v nng sut lao ng.

Cc hot ng kinh t ca a phng v nng nghip, cng nghip, dch v. Cu trc h tng k thut ca a phng: in, nc, giao thng vn ti, thngtin lin lc, gio dc


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4. La chn s b 3 ia im

4.1. Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang.Ngun nguyn liu: Bc Giang cc vng Lc Nam, Lc Ngn, Yn Dng l cc

vng c th trng v pht trin ngnh trng nho. Do t y nhiu mn, thot

nc tt, a hnh khng b chia ct nhiu v nho l loi cy khng siu kinnhit , n c th chu nhit t (-20oC45oC) c th chu c iu kin thi titchia lm 4 ma r rt y. ng thi pha Bc gip vi Lng Sn cng l mtvng c th pht trin nho nguyn liu Vit Nam.

C sh tng: ng giao thng ni b, thot nc ma, thu gom nc thi, trmx l nc thi, trm in Quang Chu, 110/22KV, 2x40MVA h thng cungcp in 22KV; trm cp nc 10.000 m3/ngy v h thng cung cp nc schn hng ro doanh nghip; cc dch vbu chnh vin thng, ngn hng, hiquan, kho ngoi quan dch vlogistics

Th trng: Bc Giang cch th H Ni 35km, l mt th trng tiu th lnca cnc. V tr ca tnh nm trn hnh lang kinh t Lng Sn - H Ni - HiPhng - Qung Ninh, cnh tam gic kinh t trng im pha Bc (H Ni-HiPhng-Qung Ninh) rt thun li cho vic pht trin v lin kt vng. TP BcGiang (th ph ca tnh) cch Th H Ni 50km; cch ca khu Hu NghQuan sang CHND Trung Hoa 110 km; cch sn bay quc t Ni Bi 50 km; cchcng bin Hi Phng v cng bin nc su Ci Ln-Qung Ninh 130 km. Tyc th ddng thng thng vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii.

a hnh v c im khu t: Do ch yu l trung du v min ni nn a cht catnh c nh gi tng i tt, nn t bng phng m bo cho vic t nhmy.

Lc lng lao ng: Hin Bc Giang c dn s hn 1.569,5 triu ngi. Lclng lao ng trong tui lao ng c 1.021 nghn ngi, chim 70,7%, y ltim nng v li th ca tnh. C cu nhn lc theo trnh chuyn mn k thutchuyn dch theo hng tch cc ph hp vi yu cu pht trin ca x hi, ttrng ngi lao ng cha qua o to trong thnh phn lao ng tham gia ccngnh kinh t quc dn gim dn, ngi lao ng qua o to cc trnh v c

bit l ngi lao ng c trnh ti hc trln tng cao vi tc tng inhanh. Gn th H Ni, y l th trng lao ng trnh cao v y timnng.

Quan h x hi: Cch thnh ph Bc Giang 15 km, gn vi 4 khu cng nghip cnli ca tnh, thun li cho vic thng thng.


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4.2. Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- Lm ng

Ngun nguyn liu: Mc thch nghi ca cy trng trn cc loi t phc vcho sn xut nng nghip ti Lt c nh gi cao, t vng vng nythch hp trng cc loi cy n qu. Vi c im kh hu thun li cng vi thnhng tt nh vy m nm 2007Daniel Carsol cng ng Trn Ph Lc Gimc Cty CP Ru Bia Lt (Dalat Beco) tm c mt khu t l tng thuctiu khu 161 x T Nung v cng nhau hp tc thnh lp Cty lin doanh nho Lt, v 50 ngn cy ging nho cc loi (Cabernet, Merlot, Syrah, Caladoc)nhanh chng c nhp t Php v trng trn ni T Nung. T 2009 cho n naynho trn ni T Nung cho thu hoch v trin khai d n trng 30 hcta nhoPhp ti n Dng. Tip theo s thnh cng Cty TNHH Vnh Tin nhp v3.200 gc nho Sangiovece, Syrah, Melot trng th nghim ti vn m vang chun b trng i tr trn din tch 60 hcta ti Lc Dng. Cc huyn nyu lin k v c cao, kh hu gn ging Lt. y l 1 tnh hiu tt cho s

pht trin vng chuyn canh nho ti Vit Nam ti Lt trong tng lai. C sh tng:

Giao thng: thun tin giao thng i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh BRa - Vng Tu, cc tnh duyn hi min Trung v Ty nguyn.

Ngun in: T trm bin p 110 KV c Trng. B tr trong KCN 01 trmbin p 110/220 KV. Lp t 03 trm bin p 22/0,2 KV.

Ngun nc: ngun nc mt sng a Nhim v nc ngm. Thtrng: Cch Thnh ph H Ch Minh: 270 km. Cch Thnh ph Lt: 30

km. Tp. H Ch Minh l thtrng tiu th ln nht trong cnc. Hn na cmcng nghip Ph Hi - Lm ng Cch Lt 35 km v hng ng Bc vcch th x Bo Lc 80 km vhng TyTy Nam; cch sn bay Lin Khng03km; nm st Quc l 20 gia Lt v Du Giy ang c u t xy dngng cao tc, thun tin giao thng i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh BRa - Vng Tu, cc tnh duyn hi min Trung v Ty nguyn, cch cng binBnh Thun 130Km.

a hnh v c im khu t: Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- c Trng - Lmng l huyn nm vng gia ca Lm ng, c cao t 6001000 m so vimc nc bin. a hnh ch yu l bnh sn nguyn, ni cao v dc; a cht t

bin ng, m bonh my hot ng lu di, khng b st ln. Lc lng lao ng: Nm 2010 ton tnh Lm ng c 346.287 nghn ngi

trong tui lao ng, chim khong 57,5% dn s, sngi trong tui laong tng thm bnh qun mi nm khong 3.000 - 4.000 ngi. i ng laong c o to, c chuyn mn k thut ca tnh cn hn ch. Sngi ttrnh ts cp, c chng ch ngh trln chim 26% (trong cao ng, ihc tr ln chim 4,4%; trung hc chuyn nghip 5,9%; cng nhn k thut c


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bng 1,5%, cng nhn k thut khng bng 8,3%, s cp/chng ch ngh 2,9%).Cn li phn ln l lao ng khng c chuyn mn k thut chim 74%. Phn lnlao ng trn a bn tnh lm vic trong cc ngnh nng, lm, ng nghip (nm2010 chim t l 55%);lao ng trong cc lnh vc cng nghip - xy dng v

dch vc xu hng chim t trng ngy cng tng trong c cu lao ng x hi. Quan h x hi: Cch TP Lt 35km vhng ng Bc v cch TP H Ch

Minh 270km vhng Ty Nam.Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi thu ht v b tr dn u t thuc cc nhm ngnh ngh: sn xut cc sn phm du lch, ch binnng sn thc phm, ch bin lm sn, vt liu xy dng, ho cht, luynkim.gn vi khu Cng nghip Lc Sn v cc cm cng nghip cn li trongtnh.

4.3. Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh ThunNinh Thun l mt tnh ven bin thuc vng Nam Trung B ca Vit Nam. Phn t lin

Ninh Thun nm trong gii hn 1118- 1110 v bc v 10839-10914 kinh ng, pha bc gip tnh Khnh Ho, pha nam gip Bnh Thun, pha ty gip Lmng, pha ng c bbin di 105 km.

Ngun nguyn liu: Ninh Thun l qu hng ca vic trng nho, mt c sn niting trong nc... Din tch trng nho ca tnh khong 2.500 ha, tp trung ch yu huyn Ninh Phc, Ninh Hi v th x Phan Rang -Thp Chm, vi nhiu loi ging nhomi nng sut cht lng cao, sn lng hng nm n nh t 60 - 65 ngn tn. C sh tng:

H thng ng giao thng: c quy hach khp kn lin hon, lin thngvi h thng giao thng bn ngai bng vic u ni trc tip vi tnh l 704 v viquc l 1A, cc tuyn ng ni b u b tr tip cn vi tng l t, tng khu chcnng. C l gii t 21,5m n 33m, mt ng rng 7,5m v va h rng 3m.

H thng cp in: Bao gm in ng lc v in sinh hot, chiu sng.Ngun in cung cp ly t trm bin p 110/22KV Thp Chm n nh phc v nhucu s dng in, m bo khong cch an ton i vi cng trnh khc v ph hpvi quy hoch chung c khu vc.

H thng cp nc: Ngun nc cp cho ton b cm cng nghip ly tnh my nc Phan Rang, tuyn ng chnh chy dc quc l 1A vi tng lu lng

cp tnh ton l Qtb = 48,8 l/s. Trm cp nc trong cm cng nghip c cng sut2000m3/ngy-m, gm b cha 1000 m3, kt cu ch yu ca b cha bng b tngct thp. Trm bm cp 2 c cng sut 228 m3/h. Ngoi ra trn cc trc ng cn btr cc tr cu ha khong cch t 120 150m.

H thng thot nc ma: Nc ma ngoi lai c thu gom v h thngknh h bng xy, nc ma trong khu vc d n c thu gom v rnh thot ncc np y bng btng ct thp, hng thot ra pha mng Bu.


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H thng thot nc thi: ng ng bng b tng ct thp trn ming btt ti nh my, ng knh D = 300 400 mm.

Trm x l nc thi: Trm x l c cng sut 1.400 m3/ngy -m. Ncthi sn xut v sinh hot c x l cc b, x v h thng thot nc thi v a vtrm x l. Yu cu cht lng nc thi sau khi x l v trc khi thi phi m bo

t tiu chun loi A. Th trng: Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi nm giao im ca 3 trc giao thng

chin lc l Quc l 1A, ng st thng nht Bc Nam, Quc l 27 ln Nam TyNguyn, n cc thnh ph ln nh Lt, Nha Trang v Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cchtrung tm thnh ph Phan Rang Thp Chm khang 4 km. V vy, sn phm nhothng c cc li bun hoc cng ty H Ni, Nng, Lm ng, thnh ph HCh Minh v cc vng ln cn thu mua. a hnh: Ninh Thun c bao bc bi ba mt ni v mt mt bin. Pha ty l

vng ni cao gip Lt, pha bc v pha nam c hai dy ni chy ra bin. Gia tnh vven bin l vng ng bng kh cn nn c mnh danh l min Vin ty ca Vit

Nam. Ninh Thun c nhiu sng, sui, nhng ln nht l sng Ci. Nu tnh c cc phlu l sng M Lam, sng St, sng ng, sng Ch, sng Lu v sng Quao th h thngsng Ci c chiu di 246 km. Ngoi h thng ny, Ninh Thun cn c mt s sng khcnh sng Tru, sng Qun Th, sng B Ru... vi tng chiu di 184 km.

5. La chn s bQua vic phn tch 3 a im trn th c th thy c c3 a im u c tim nng

xy dng nh my. Tuy nhin, v vn nguyn liu, a im Lm ng cha thts ti u, mc d kh hu v a cht Lt rt tt pht trin ngnh trng nho. Th

nhng, tnm 2007 cy nho mi bt u c trng mt s vng Lt v honton c bao tiu sn phm bi cng ty Dalat Beco. Do vy, nu mun xy dng nhmy sn xut ru vang y th cn phi mvng quy hoch trng nho nguyn liu,mt nhiu thi gian, vn v khng d thc hin, nn vic i vo sn xut ca nh my bchm tr, khng ng vi tin , lc nhiu vn c th ny sinh, khng cn phhp. T chng ti nhn thy rng vic xy dng nh my cm cng nghip Ph Hi-Lm ng l khng kh thi.

6. nh gi cc a im

y chng ti thc hin phng php nh gi theo im, phng php ny xt ntng hp cc nhn t nh hng, n mang tnh thc t v ton din hn. Da trn ngha, gi tr so snh tng nhn t xem xt nhn t no c tnh quan trng cao hn.ng thi, phng php ny cng cho php kt hp nhng nh gi nh tnh vi lngha mt s ch tiu.


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Gi tr so snh ca tng nhn tnh hng trong nh myCcnhn tnhhng:

tnggi tr100%

Thtrng:36.8%

Nguyn liu: 29.6% Gi nguyn liu: 7.3%Khnng cung cp nguyn liu: 12.3%

Cht lng nguyn liu: 6%

Thtrng 11.2% V tr ca sn phm i vi th trng:6.2%c im ca thtrng: 5%

C s htng:26.3%

Giao thng: 7.9% Tip ni vi ng b: 5.7%Tip ni vi ng st: 0.5%

Tip ni vi cng sng, bin: 1.7%Nng lng: 8% Cp in qua mng chung: 6%

Cp in qua trm pht ring: 2%Cp nc t ngun ging khoang: 6%

Xl nc thi: 2.2%X l rc thi: 2.2%

c imkhu t:25.6%

ln khu t: 12%Gi khu t: 10%c im khu t:3.6%

Ngp lt: 1.3%Kh hu: 2.3%

Cc nhnt khc:11.3%

Lc lng lao ng:9.3%

Trnh lao ng: 6%Slng lao ng: 3.3%

Chnh sch pht trin ca a phng: 2%

Xc nh mc nh gi cho tng nhn tnh hng bng cch phn tch Swot

PHN TCH SWOT1. Nhn t cung cp nguyn liu

Nhn tnh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIUSWOT Khnng cung cp nguyn liu Mc

nh giim

Mt mnh

(Strengths)

Khi lng cung cp ch nh my ch bin

ru vang ln vi cht lng tt, khnngcung cp lu di. Vng trng nho c truynthng lu i. c iu kin giao thng vnchuyn tt.(1)

Rt thun

li

4

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

khng

C hi Tng lai y s hnh thnh vng chuyn


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(Oppoturbities) canh lne da(Threats)

khng


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Nh (1) Thun li 3

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Cc nh vn trng nho tn ti c tchc tt nhng s h trong nho trong vngkhng nhiuKhong cch t nh my ti vng trngnho khong 20km30km.

C hi(Oppoturbities)Vng nguyn liu c tim nng pht trin

e da(Threats)

Khng


nh giim

Mt mnh

(Strengths)

Khi lng nho nguyn liu cung cp t

yu cu

t thun

li

2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Cc nh vn trng nho phn b ri rcng giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liuti cc nh vn kh phc tp.

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

Khng

Nhn tnh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIUSWOT Khnng cung cp nguyn liu Mcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Khi lng nho nguyn liu cung cp chat yu cu do:- Khi lng ln nhng cht lng nhokhng ph hp.

Khngthun li

1


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- C cht lng nhng khi lng khng cung cp cho nh my hot ng lintc

Mt yu

(Weaknesses)

Slng cc h trng nho cn cha nhiu.

ng giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liuti cc nh vn phc tp.Khong cch t ngun nguyn liu nho lnhn 30km

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

S pht trin ca c sthu mua v thngli tcc vng khc cha r rng

2. Nhn t thtrng tiu thru vang

Nhn tnh hng: THTRNG TIU THRU VANGSWOT V tr ca ru vang Vit trn thtrng Mc

nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Thtrng tiu th rng ln do gn nhngthnh ph ln, mc sng ngi dn cao,ung ru vang l 1 nt vn ha. C khnng cnh tranh vi cc nhn hiu ruvang ngp khu (1)

Rt cachung

4

Mt yu(Weaknesses) KhngC hi(Oppoturbities)

Tng lai s c th trng tiu th mnhtrong nc v c th xut khu ra ncngoi

e da(Threats)

khng

Nhn tnh hng: THTRNG TIU THRU VANGSWOT Khnng tiu th sn phm ca ngi tiu

dngMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Nh (1) c achung

3

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Sngi ung ru vang cha nhiu, ruvang cha tht s ph bin Vit Nam

C hi C th tr thnh ung ph bin Vit


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(Oppoturbities) Name da(Threats)

Khng c

Nhn tnh hng: THTRNG TIU THRU VANGSWOT Kh nng tiu th sn phm ca ngi

tiu dngMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Mt st ngi dn c nhu cu ung ruvang

t cung

2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Ch tp trung mt s ngi c thu nhpcao, phn ng khng c iu kin. Mc tiu thru vang hn ch

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da (Threats) Khng

Nhn tnh hng: THTRNG TIU THRU VANGSWOT Khnng tiu th sn phm ca ngi tiu

dngMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

B phn nh ngi tiu dng c nhu cuthng thc ru vang

Khngcung

1

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Ru vang khng ph bin, cha cchp nhn, s ngi ung ru tp trung

vo tng lp c thu nhp cao nhng khngnhiu.C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

Th trng c nhiu loi ru vang trongnc v nhp khu, kh c th cnh tranhlu di.

3. Nhn t giao thng

Nhn tnh hng: GIAO THNG BSWOT Khnng vn chuyn nguyn liu v xut

sn phmMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Tuyn giao thng chnh, cc xe trng tiln c th di chuyn tt, h thng ngtt, mt ng rng t c ro cng. (1)

Rt thuntin

3

Mt yu Khng


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(Weaknesses)C hi(Oppoturbities)

Kh ngng vn chuyn tt, thng thngvi cc thtrng tiu th quan trng

e da(Threats)

Khng

Nhn tnh hng: GIAO THNG BSWOT Khnng vn chuyn nguyn liu v xut

sn phmMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Nh (1) Thuntin

2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Tuyn giao thng chnh nhng dn c tptrung ng

C hi

(Oppoturbities)

Nhng tuyn giao thng trng im trong

nc c th c m gn ng vo nhmy.

e da Threats) khngNhn tnh hng: GIAO THNG BSWOT Khnng vn chuyn nguyn liu v xut

sn phm t yu cuMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Giao thng thun tin vi vng nguyn liuv thtrng

Chpnhnc

1

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

H thng ng cha tt. Ch c th choxe ti va v nhlu thng

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

khng

4. in

4.1.in qua mng li chung

Nhn tnh hng: IN QUA MNG LI CHUNGSWOT Khnng cung ng in nng Mc

nh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Tip ni vi li in quc gia. Tn t chiph xy dng. H thng p ng tt nhucu in nng ca nh my. Ngun in tdao ng, cng sut ln.(1)

Rt thunli

4

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Khng c


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C hi(Oppoturbities)

Trong mng li in quc gia c k hochmi thm trm pht in

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Nh (1) Thun li 3

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Ngun in c th bnh hng theo ma:kh v ma

C hi(Oppoturbities)

C th m thm 1 s trm pht in khctrong vng.

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

H thng in p ng nhu cu innng ca nh my.

t thunli

2

Mt yu

(Weaknesses)

Kh nng xy dng tn nhiu chi ph, do

xa li in quc giaC hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths) H thng in p ng nhu cu innng ca nh my. Khngthun li 1Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Cng sut nh, ch phc v cho sinh hotl ch yu, cht lng in thay i theoma: ma, kh. Tn chi ph cho vic xydng h thng in

C hi Cha r


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(Oppoturbities)e da(Threats)

C th mt in thng xuyn, kh nngcung cp rt hn chtrong tng lai.

4.2. in qua trm pht ring

5. c im khu t

5.1. ln khu t

Nhn tnh hng: LN KHU TSWOT Din tch khu t Mc

nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip cdin tch ln, nh xng rng, nhiu xngtrng, mt bng sch s thong mt.(1)

Ln, cth mrng

3

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Khng c

C hi(Oppoturbities)

C th mrng din tch nh my.

e da(Threats)

Khng c

Nhn tnh hng: LN KHU T

SWOT Nhng thun li ca khu t Mcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Din tch khu cng nghip rng, vn cnkh nhiu phn xng trng.

t yucu

2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Hn chdo nh xng chmc va,khng ln lm, nu my mc thit b nhiu

phi thu nhiu xngC hi(Oppoturbities)

C th mrng nh my

e da

(Threats)

Khng c

Nhn tnh hng: LN KHU TSWOT Nhng thun li ca khu t Mc

nh giim

Mt mnh Din tch khng xy dng nh my Nh hn 1


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(Strengths) trong khu cng nghip, phi chn xy dngv tr khc.

yu cu

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Khu cng nghip khng cn khnng mrng thm; kh hu khng n nh, c th

b ngp lt.

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

Cha r

6. Lc lng lao ng

Nhn tnh hng: LC LNG LAO NGSWOT Khnng cung cp ngun lao ng Mc

nh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Ngun lao ng c trnh cao chim t lln trong lc lc lao ng ti ch, laong chn tay di do.

Rt thunli

4

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Khng c

C hi(Oppoturbities)

C th thu ht nhiu lao ng ngoi tnh.Thu nhn cng vi gi r

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Ngun lao ng c trnh cao chim t lln trong lc lc lao ng ti a phng,lao ng chn tay di do.

Thun li 3

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Ngun lao ng ti ch c xu hng ncc thnh ph ln lm vic

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Thu ht lao ng ngoi tnh

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim


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Mt mnh(Strengths)

Ngun lao ng tr thc v chn tay c thp ng nhu cu nh my

t thunli

2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Ngun lao ng ti ch c xu hng ncc thnh ph ln lm vic.

C hi

(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

Khng c


nh giim

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Ch yu l lao ng chn tay chim phnng trong lc lng lao ng ti ch

Khngthun li

1

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Lao ng tr thc t, h khng c nhu culm ti a phng. Ngun lao ng khngn nh, c th ngh vic tm iu kintt hn.

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats)

C th khng c ngun nhn lc tr thc,vic tm kim lao ng c trnh cao gpkh khn

7. chnh sch pht trin ca a phng

Nhn tnh hng: CHNH SCH PHT TRIN CA A PHNGSWOT S quan tm ca a phng n s pht

trin ca cng nghipMcnh gi

im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Chnh quyn a phng quan tm v htr pht trin. Nhiu chnh sch khuynkhch m rng khu cng nghip v ccngnh cng nghip.

Rt quantm

4

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Khng c

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Nhiu d n quc qia pht trin cc ngnhcng nghip thc phm ti ia phng

e da(Threats) Khng c


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im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

Chnh quyn a phng quan tm v htr pht trin. Nhiu chnh sch khuynkhch m rng khu cng nghip v ccngnh cng nghip.

Quan tm 2

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Tp trung pht trin cc ngnh cng nghipnng, cng nghip nh, cng nghip thc

phm cha c a v d n pht trinca a phng

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats) C th to thnh vng u tin pht trincng nghip nng



im

Mt mnh(Strengths)

C s quan tm ca nh nc v aphng n cc ngnh cng nghip trongtnh

t quantm

1

Mt yu(Weaknesses)

Cng nghip khng l hn mc trong utin pht trin kinh t ti a phng

C hi(Oppoturbities)

Cha r

e da(Threats) u tin pht trin dch v

Gi: Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang l a im s (1).

Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun l a im s (2).

H thng nh gi la chn a im xy dng nhmy sn xut ru vang nho

Cc nhn ta im Mc nh gi im HSGT a im s1 2

1. Thtrng


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1.1. nguyn liu1.1.1. Gi nguyn liu Rt thp 5 6

Thp 4 24 24Chp nhn c 3Hi cao 2

Qu cao 11.1.2. Kh nng cung cpnguyn liu

Rt thun li 4 11 44Thun li 3 33t thun li 2Khng thun li 1

1.1.3. Cht lng nguyn liu Tt 3 7 21C th chp nhn 2 14Cha t yu cu 1

1.2. Thtrng tiu th1.2.1.V tr ca sn phm ivi thtrng

Rt c a chung 4 6c a chung 3 18 18t c a chung 2Khng c achung

1

1.2.2.c im ca thtrng D tnh 3 6 18Bnh thng 2 12Kh tnh 1

2. C sh tng2.1. Giao thng

2.1.1. Giao thng b Rt thun tin 3 8 24Thun tin 2 16Chp nhn c 1

2.1.2. ng st c 3 1 3 3Phi XD, kh thi 2XD phc tp 1

2.1.3. Tip ni vi cng sng,bin

Gn cng 2 2 2Xa cng 1 1

2.2. Nng lng in2.2.1. Qua mng li chung

(tip ni, chi ph xy dng)

Rt thun li 4 5 20 20

Thun li 3t thun li 2Khng thun li 1

2.2.2.Qua trm pht ring(chi ph xy dng, vn hnh)

Thp 3 2 6 6Chp nhn c 2Hi cao 1

2.3.X l nc thi(chi ph Thp 3 3


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cho h thng xl nc thi) Trung bnh 2 6 6Cao 1

2.4. X l rc thi (chi phcho x l rc thi)

Thp 3 3Trung bnh 2 6 6Cao 1

2.5.Cp nc t gingkhoang

Khoan c, r 3 7 21Khoan c, t 2 14C khnng 1

3. c im khu t3.1. ln khu t Ln, c th mrng 3 14 42 42

t yu cu 2Nhhn yu cu 1

3.2.Gi khu t Rt ph hp 5 7Ph hp 4 28 28Chp nhn c 3Hi cao 2Qu cao 1

3.3. Lc lng lao ng3.3.1. Trnh lao ng Trnh cao 3 6 18

Trung bnh 2 12Lao ng ph thng 1

3.3.2. S lng ngi laong

Di do 3 4 12 12Va t yu cu 2Xp x yu cu 1

3.4. Chnh sch pht tin caaphng

Rt quan tm 3 2 6 6Quan tm 2Cha quan tm 1

Cc nhn ta im

Mc nhgi im

HSGT a im s1 2

Tng sim 400 279 309Tng s % 100 69.8% 77.3%

V tr xp t a im 2 1a im c chn


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7. Chn a im ti uQua phn tch s b v tin hnh cho im cc a im th nhn thy c khu

cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun thch hp xy dng nh my sn xut ruvang .

Chng 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH

V CN BNG VT CHT


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1. S quy trnh sn xut ru vang

Nho

Phn loi

Ra

Nghin, x

Sulfit haSO2

Nho h, d

Cun , h t


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2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

2.1. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu nho .

2.2. Phn loi: Cht lng ru nho c th ni l do 60% nguyn liu quyt nh,40% l cng ngh, nguyn liu tt th s cho sn phm tt, v th qu trnh phn loiphi c tin hnh k.

Mc ch: Loi b nhng tri bh hng do qu chn, dp nt trong qu trnh vnchuyn. Nhng quny l mi trng thun li cho vi sinh vt pht trin. Tnghiu xut thu hi sn phm.

Bin i: khng c bin i ng k v tnh cht vt l v ha hc. Tin hnh phn loi bng cch loi b nhng quh, dp, hoc xanh qu. Khu

ny c thc hin thcng do cng nhn. ru vang t cht lng tt thkhu ny phi c tin hnh k.

2.3. Ra Nhm loi b cc tp cht, thuc tr su, v cc vi sinh vt bm trn v. Cng c

trng hp ch phn loi sau em i p ch khng ra, mc ch ca vic lmtrn nhm gi li ging nm men c sn trn v nho lm men ging trong ln mensau ny m khng cn b sung ging vi sinh vt thun khit. Tuy nhin, trong quym cng nghip th m bo cht lng cn ra loi b tp cht, thuc trsu v b sung nm men thun khit cho qu trnh ln men t hiu qu tt nht.

Bin i: khi lng gim do cc cht ha tan v cc cht bn t qu ha tan vonc.

Thc hin: nho c xp trn cc bng ti, i vo thit b ra kh thi. Khng khc qut gi thi vo bn ngm nguyn liu gip cho nc v nguyn liu co trn u lm sch cc tp cht bm trn qu nho. Qu trnh ny cn thc hinnhanh trnh cc cht dinh dng ha tan tht thot vo nc.

2.4. Nghin, x Mc ch: Gii phng dch nho, loi b cung, ht ra khi dch, trn u hn hp,

gip ha tan cc cht thm.

Bin i: Hm lng dinh dng b tht thot do cn xt li trong b. Nhit ca dch nho tng ln do tc ng ca qu trnh c hc.

Tin hnh: nho c ra sch v a vo my nh p nho, cc qu trnh nghin,x tch cun thc hin trong cng mt thit b. Giai on ny cn thn trngkhng lm nt ht nho, hn chgia tng cht cht trong dch nho, phn tht qu

phi c xe nhuyn.


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Lu : Qu trnh loi cun l v x, dp phi c thc hin nhanh nht sau khi nhoc a n nh my. Trong sut qu trnh thu hoch nho khng khi b dp v titdch. V th to iu kin thun li cho s pht trin ca cc loi vi khun, nm menc trn v nho, oxy ha cc hp cht nh hng n mu ca sn phm sau ny.

Ngoi ra sau khi thu hoch trong nho din ra qu trnh h hp, lm tng nhip cngto iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin.

Cung v l nho phi c loi ra trc khi x dp v trong cun v l nho c chacc hp cht phenol nh catechin, cc flavonoid (c bit l quercetin gy cn vng llng trong sn phm) v caftaric acid. Cc hp cht ny gy ra v ng trong sn

phm. Vic loi b l gip hn ch to thnh cc aldehyte v alcohol 6 carbon (dolinoleic trch ly t biu b l b oxy ha bi enzyme).

2.5. Sulfit ha

Sau khi lm nt nguyn liu, ngi ta khng tin hnh un si dung dch ln men. tiudit vsv ngi ta thng dng SO2. Lng SO2 trong dch ln men khng c qu nhiuv s gy c ch s pht trin v hot ng chuyn ha ng thnh ru.

Mc ch: tiu dit hoc c ch cc vi sinh vt trong ln p tip theo. Bin i: cc vi sinh vt trong nho bc ch hoc c ch mt phn. Tin hnh: dung dch i qua SO2 vi hm lng 210mg/l dch nho, thi gian 24h.

Cc nc sn xut ru vang thng dng SO2 v c tc dng nhiu mt: chng oxy ha,lm gim hoc tiu dit nhiu loi vi khun c hi. Tuy nhin, nu dng SO2khng ng

liu lng c thlm cho ru vang c mi kh chu, tiu dit mt s vi khun c li,ng thi cng l tc nhn gy ngc trong ru vang.

2.6. Qu trnh phi chQu trnh bsung syrup ng:

Nhm hiu chnh nng ng trong dd trc khi ln men. Thc hin: syrup ng c cho t t vo bn phi ch hnh trng c cnh

khuy cng vi qu trnh bm dch nho, sau khi ng tan ht, b sung nm menvo bn phi ch.

Qu trnh b sung nm men

Mc ch: bsung lng nm men cn thit chun b cho qu trnh ln men.


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Tin hnh: Nm men sau khi nhn ging c bm vo bn phi ch cng vi qutrnh bm dch nho.

2.7. Qu trnh ln men Mc ch: chuyn i lng ng tron hn hp dch nho thnh cn, CO2 v mt

s sn phm trao i cht khc. Tin hnh: sau khi phi trn xong cn bm nh nhng dung dch qua bn

tin hnh ln men. Ging nm men s dng l sacharomyces cerevisiae vi hmlng 2-3 triu t bo/ lt. Do qu trinh ln men c ln xc qunn lc u cc

phn b (v, cung dp v ht,) nng hn, chng c xu hng nm y bnln men hoc l lng trong lp dch nho. Khi qu trnh ln men xy ra th cc btkh CO2 sinh ra s lm cho phn b dn ni ln trn dch ln men, to thnh mtlp b dy. Lp b ny mt phn ngp trong dch nho, mt phn tip xc vikhng kh.Thi gian ln men chnh khong 10 ngy. Nhit cn khng ch20-25oC ha tan cht mu v cht cht vo dch nho.Qu trnh ln men c th tin hnh trong cc bn inox. Bn ngoi cc bn c thitk mt ng dn bm hon lu hn hp dch ln men phn di bn, sau a qua h thng phun u dch nho ln lp qu pha trn. Dch ln men ch chimti a 80% th tch thit bln men c oxy cho giai on u qu trnh lrrnmen v trnh bt kh tro ra ngoi.

2.8. Qu trnh x l nhit

Mc ch: tng cng s ha tan ca cc cht ha tan vo dch nc nho, cbit l hp cht polyphenol c trong nguyn liu, tng gi trdinh dng, ci thintrong v keo thnh phm.

Bn i: cc cht ha tan c trch ly vo dch nho. Tin hnh: un nng v ginhit 65-70oC trong 10 pht. S dng bn ln

men, gia nhit gin tip bng hi nc.

2.9. Qu trnh tch, p b Mc ch: tch b, cn ra khi ru vang non. Tin hnh: qu trnh ln men c thc hin trn dch nho c ln b, nn dch lnmen sc a qua thit b lc tch dch ra khi b. Qu trnh ny c thc

hin cng nhanh cng tt ru vang non khng b oxy ha khng tip xc vikhng kh v ch thc hin mt ln trc khi ln men dch nho. Phn b sau tip tc c p tn thu dch nho non.


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2.10. Qu trnh tng tr Mc ch: gip cho qu trnh ln men trit , to hng v cho sn phm. Bin i:Ha hc: hnh thnh mt s sn phm phnh aldehyde (andehyde acetic, diacetyl,

aceton, 2,3- butaendiol), acid hu c, ester, hp cht cao phn t.

Ha l: s ha tan CO2 vo dch ln men v s kt t cn do c sthay i pH.

Vt l: sthay i nhit , sthay i t trng v hm lng cht kh.

Ha sinh: mt s phn ng din ra trong qu trinh trao i cht.

Din ra s ln men acid malolactic: v khun lactic thng gy ra nhng bin i chi nh phn hy ng v glycerin lm cho ru c vng, mi hi, Tuy nhin

c mt sthay i c ch l s chuyn ha acid malic thnh malolactic lm gim chua, vru du i. Ru vang thng khng c hay rt t ng nn khng cnchua cao. Hn na, aicd malic to cho ru c v chua gt v nh hng n chtlng sn phm. V th, khi ln men ru vang to iu kin cho phn ng tomalolactic xy ra.

Phng trnh ln men malolactic:

HCOOH-CH2-CH(OH)-COOH CH3- CH(OH)- COOH + CO2

Cch tin hnh: dch ln men c cho qua bn tr lm lng cc cht khng hatan c bit l xc nm men, thung tr c thc lm bng thp, inox, thi gian trc th ko di 3 ngy nhit tr 15- 18oC.

2.11. Qu trnh lc Mc ch: loi b cn trong qu trnh tng tr, nhm hon thin sn phm trc

khi a vo chit rt.

2.12. Qu trnh chit chai v ng np Mc ch: hon thin sn phm, tng thi gian bo qun d dng vn chuyn v

tiu th. Tin hnh: chai trc khi chit c ra ln lt s b bng nc nng, dung dch

NaOH 1.5% 65oC, nc m 35oC, nc lnh 8oC, kim tra chai sau a vomy chit. Qu trnh chit c thc hin nhit phng. Sau chai ckim tra dy v kn trc khi chit v i vo my ng np.


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Sau khi lc b cn v men cn st th ta chit rt vo chai, ng nt v dn nhnsn phm.Thng ngi ta dng g si ng nt v ng thng lu tr. V cht phenoltrong g si khi tc dng vi ru vang s to ra mi vanilla v v ngt cht ca

tr hay v ngt ca hoa qu. G si cng tc ng ln mu sc ca ru.2.13. Thanh trng

Mc ch: Tiu dit nm men, c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt, trnh hin tngb chua khi bo qun thi gian di.

2.14. Qu trnh dng dn nhn v in hn s dng Hon thin sn phm, cung cp cho ngi tiu dung mt s thng tin v sn phm. Chai ru sau khi thanh trng c a qua my dn nhn v in hn s dng.

Ghi nhn sn phm theo quy nh hin hnh v TCVN 7087:2008 (CODEX STAN 1-2005)

2.15. Qu trnh ng hp v xp thng Mc ch: to n v sn phm, d dng vn chuyn v phn phi. Chai ru sau khi dn nhn c a qua my ng hp v xp thng.

3. Tnh ton cn bng vt chtNng sut thit k: 1.800.000 lt/nm

Thi gian lm vic ca nh my: 300 ngy/nm ( ngh t 5-6 ngy/thng)

Nng sut trung bnh 1 ngy: 6.000 lt/ngy


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3.1. Tnh lng nho cn dng

T l thnh phn qu nho

Cung nho: 5% Qu nho: 95%

Tht qu: 85% V: 2% Ht: 8%

Trong : _ Nc: 75% khi lng. Nc ch yu nm phn tht qu

_ ng: 22%, gm glucose, fructose, saccharose.

_ Cc axit hu c: 1.5%, gm axit malic, axit factoric.

_ Protein: 0.5%

_ Peptin: 0.2%

_ Cht khong: 0.5%

_ Cha nhiu vitamin C, B1, B2, PP v cc cht thm khc: 0.3%

Gi s t l hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut:

Qu trnhthc hin Tn thtVn chuynv bo qun

1% khi lng nguyn liu

Lm sch 1.5% khi lng nhoLm dp,nghin nt

0,4% khi lng nho


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p thu dchnho

1.5% khi lng hn hp dch nho

Ln menchnh

0.8% khi lng dch nho sau khi chun bmi trng ln men.

Gn cn 1% khi lng ru sau khi ln men chnh

Ln men ph 0.4% khi lng vang mi 0.2% khi lng vang sau khi ln men phLc th 0.2% khi lng vang sau khi Lc tinh 0.1% khi lng vang sau khi Thanh trng 0.1% khi lng vang bn thnh phmChit chai 0.2% khi lng vang bn thnh phm

Tng tn tht ca c qu trnh: 7.4%

Hiu sut qu trnh: 92,6%

Ru vang thnh phm c: 8% cn v 4% ng.1. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100kg nho nguyn liu- Khi lng nguyn liu khi tip nhn vo nh my:

(100% - 1%) x 100 = 99 (kg)

- Khi lng nho sau khi loi b cung:95% x 99 = 94.05 (kg)

- Khi lng ng trong nho sau khi loi b cung:m = 20% x 94.05 = 18.81 (kg)

Chn lng nc p b l 5% khi lng qu nho. Gi slng b thi ra sau khi pthu dch nho ton l v nho, ht nho v nc; do , tng lng b thi ra tcng onsau p l 11% khi lng qu nho

- Khi lng nc quthu c qua qu trnh pmnq = 99 + 5% x 9910.5% x 99 = 93.06 (kg)

Trong :

5% x 99 : khi lng nc dng p b (kg) 10.5% x 99 : khi lng b sau p (kg)- Hm lng ng sau khi p:

()


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Gi m1(kg) l lng ng cn thit bsung nng hm lng ng ca dch nho ln25%, ta c phng trnh sau:

m1 = 5.94 (kg)

Lng ng b sung vo khi chun b mi trng ln men chim 5.94% khi lng nhonguyn liu.

- Khi lng nho sau khi c p dch v bsung ng dch nho c hm lngng 25%:

mnq + m1 = 93.06 + 5.94 = 99 (kg)

3.2. Tnh lng nho dng trong mt ngy (tnh theo nng sut nh my)- Thtch ru nguyn cht:V = 6000 x 8% = 480 (lt)

- Khi lng ru nguyn cht:mmetylic = V x d = 480 x 0.8 = 384 (kg)

( d l khi lng ring ca ru nguyn cht o , d = 800 g/l)

- Phng trnh ln men: C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2- Khi lng ng ln men thc t:

mtt =

()

- Khi lng ng st:ms = 3% x 6000 x 0.98216 = 176.79 (kg)

0.98216 kg/lt l khi lng ring ca ru vang thnh phm

Tng khi lng ng trong dch nho trc khi ln men:m2 = mtt + ms = 751.3 + 176.79 = 928.09 (kg)

Ta c: 25% l hm lng ng c trong dch nho sau khi chun bmi trng ln men.

Vy: Khi lng dch nho dng ln men:

Mdch nho tng = 928.09 x

= 3712.36 (kg)


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Khi lng nho l thuyt dng trong 1 ngyMnho lt =

()

Hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 92.6%. Vy khi lng nho thc t s dng cho 1 ngy:

3749.86x

= 4049.52 (kg/ngy)

3.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng qu trnh3.3.1. Qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun:

Khi lng nguyn liu nho trc khi vo dy chuyn sn xut99% x 4049.52 = 4009.0248 (kg)

3.2.2. Qu trnh lm sch

Khi lng nho cn li sau khi lm sch:98.5% x 4009.0248 = 3948.89 (kg)

3.3.3. Qu trnh lm dp nt, nghin x Khi lng dch nho thu c sau khi tch cung v lm dp, nghin nt:

95% x 3948.89 x 99.6% = 3736.44 (kg)

3.3.4. Qu trnh p ly dch Khi lng nc thm vo p dch

5% x 3736.44 = 186.822 (kg) Khi lng b thi ra:

10.5% x 3736.44 = 392.3262 (kg)

Khi lng dch nho sau khi p:98.5% x (3736.44 + 186.822392.3262) = 3477.97 (kg)

3.3.5. Qu trnh ln men chnh

Khi lng ng thm vo:5.94% x 4049.52 = 240.54 (kg)

Khi lng dch nho thu c sau khi chun bmi trng ln men:3477.97 + 240.54 = 3718.51 (kg)


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Gi slng CO2 thot ra lm tn tht 3% so vi khi lng dch nho trc khi ln men.

Khi lng ru vang thu c sau khi ln men chnh:99.2% x 3718.51 x 97% = 3578.10 (kg)

3.3.6. Qu trnh gn cn

Sau khi ln men chnh, qu trnh gn cn c tin hnh loi b men.

Khi lng vang cn li sau khi gn cn:99% x 3578.10 = 3542.319 (kg)

3.3.7 Qu trnh ln men ph

Gi slng CO2 thot ra trong qu trnh ln men ph l 1% so vi khi lng vang mi

99.6% x 3542.319 x 99% = 3492.87 (kg)

3.3.8 Qu trnh :

Khi lng vang thu c sau khi :99.8% x 3492.87 = 3485.88 (kg)

3.3.9 Qu trnh lc:

Qu trnh lc th lm tn tht 0.2% khi lng sau v qu trnh lc tinh tn tht 0.1%khi lng vang sau .

Khi lng vang cn li sau qu trnh :99.8% x 3485.88 x 99% = 3444.12 (kg)

3.3.10 Qu trnh thanh trng

Khi lng vang cn li sau qu trnh thanh trng:99.9% x 3444.12 = 3440.68 (kg)

3.3.11 Qu trnh chit chai

Khi lng thu c sau qu trnh chit chai:99.8% x 3440.68 = 3433.80 (kg)

Th tch vang thnh phm:V =

= 3496.17 (lt)


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Vy: Vi 4049.52 kg nho nguyn liu/ngy th ta thu c th tch vang thnh phm saucng l 3496.17 lt. Do , sn xut ra 6000 lt ru7o75uvang nho thnh phm/ngy thlng nho cn thit sn xut:

= 6950 (kg/ngy)

Lng nho nguyn liu cn dng trong 1 nm:

6950 x 300 = 2.085.000 kg/nm = 2.085 tn nho nguyn liu/nm

4. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng m

Chn s m lm vic trong 1 ngy l 3 m

S m lm vic trong 1 nm:3 x 300 = 900 (m)

Lng ru vang thnh phm thu c trong 1 m:

= 2000 (lt/m)

Lng nguyn liu cn dng cho 1 m:

(kg/m)

Lng ng b sung vo 1 m:5.94% x 2317 = 137,6298 (kg/m)

5. Tnh lng ng b sung

Lng ng dng b sung vo mi trng ln men chim 5.94% khi lng nhonguyn liu.

Lng ng b sung trong 1 ngy (3 m)5.94% x 6950 = 412.83 (kg/ngy)

Lng ng bsung trong 1 nm:412.83 x 300 = 123849 (kg)

6. Tnh lng nc dng p ra b

Lng nc dng p ra b chim 5% khi lng nho.

Lng nc cn dng p ra b trong 1 ngy:


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95% x 6950 x 5% = 330.125 (kg) = 330.125 (lt) ( gi s khi lng ringca nc l 1kg/lt)

Lng nc dng p ra b trong 1 nm:300 x 330.125 = 99037.5 (lt )

7. Tnh lng SO2 dng sunfit ha dch nho

Qu trnh sufit ha dng SO2 vi liu lng 210mgSO2/l dich nho tng ng vi341.25mgNaHSO3/l dch nho.

Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 m:2000 x 341.25 = 682500 (mg) = 682,5 (g)

Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 ngy:682.5 x 3 = 2047.5 (g)

Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 nm:2047.5 x 300 = 614250 (g) = 614.250 (kg)

8. Tnh lng chai v nt cn dng.

Sn phm ru vang c chit vo chai c dung tch 750ml.

Gi s t l tn tht trong qu trnh ra. bo qun, vn chuyn, chai khng at yu cu

l 10% so vi s chai l thuyt S chai dung tch 750ml cn dng trong 1 ngy:

1

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NHÀ MÁY RƯỢU VANG CÔNG XUẤT 1.8 TRIỆU LÍT MỘT NĂM