I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA HA

GVHD: Nguyn Hong Minh SVTH: L Trng Qunh Bch L Th Sng Trn Th Thanh Nh Ng Th Vn

I/ Phn hu c vi sinhPhn bn hu c vi sinh c b sung vi sinh vt c li l sn phm c sn xut t cc ngun nguyn liu hu c khc nhau, nhm cung cp cht dinh dng cho cy trng, ci to t, cha mt hay nhiu chng vi sinh vt sng c tuyn chn vi mt t tiu chun qui nh, gp phn nng cao nng sut, cht lng nng sn. Phn hu c vi sinh vt khng gy nh hng xu n ngi, ng vt, mi trng sinh thi v cht lng nng sn. Bn cnh vic ci thin nng sut cy trng cng nh phm cht nng sn (m biu hin r nht thng qua ch s d tn nitrate trong sn phm), hiu qu ca phn hu c vi sinh cn th hin qua vic ci thin tnh cht t bao gm c tnh vt l, ho hc v sinh hc t. Nc ta l nc nng nghip la nc, lng rm r thi ra l rt ln nn vic s dng rm r lm phn hu c vi sinh s lm tng hiu qu sn xut v s dng phn bn.

- C rt nhiu chng vi sinh vt c ch c s dng sn xut phn hu c vi sinh lm tng nng sut cy trng, trong c chng nm Trichoderma. Trichoderma sng trn cc xc b thc vt v cc cht hu c trong t nhng khng gy hi cho thc vt, mt s loi cy trng - Trichoderma va c kh nng phn hy cellulose va c kh nng i khng li cc loi nm gy bnh thc vt nn vic dng Trichoderma trong phn bn l la chn tt va bo v c cy trng, tng thm thu nhp, gim chi ph u t v bo v mi trng.

II/ c im ca nm Trichoderma- Trichoderma c xp vo nhm nm nh, phn b hu ht cc loi t trn th gii. Pht trin tt trn cc loi t giu cht dinh dng hoc trn tn d thc vt. - Nhnh bo t khng mu, si nm khng mu c vch ngn, c kh nng phn nhnh nhiu v cho lng bo t ln. - Hu ht sinh sn v tnh bng bo t bi nang bng nhng gi bo t c c hnh dng khc nhau xp thnh chui (nh bo t) u ngn c cung bo t. - Khun lc nm c mu lc (khi tng trng di nng mt tri).

Mt s loi nm trichoderma

T. harzianum T. reesei

T. viridi trn mi trng agarT. fertile

Cng dng ca nm Trichoderma- Khng nm gy bnh nh vng l, thi r trn cy cam, qut, cy n qu, cy tiu. - Khng ch tuyn trng cn r truyn bnh sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia trn cy t, c chua, da leo, d hu, b ao, bu... - Phn gii cellulose, xc b thc vt, gc r, phn gii hp cht ln kh tan thnh d tiu. - Ct cc lin kt keo t, lm t ti xp, ti to mn cho t, chng thoi ho v xi mn t. - Tng kh nng hp th phn bn, kch thch b r vn di, nhiu lng ht, n su.

Quy trnh sn xut ch phm sinh hc t nm Trichoderma

Nm TrichodermaNui trn mi trng PDA Ln men (mt Potatoes Dextrose)/ 1 tunThan bn

Dch ln menPhi trn (w = 50-60%) hiu kh/ 30oCBao gi/bo qun

Thanh trng

Mt s ch phm Trichoderma

C ch phn hy cellulose ca TrichodermaSinh tng hp cc enzyme cellulase, chitinase, protease, pectinase, amlylase nn c kh nng phn gii tt cc cht x, chitin, lignin, pectin trong ph thi hu c thnh cc n cht dinh dng, to iu kin cho cy hp thu c d dng. Tit ra enzyme xylanase phn hy xylan trong thnh t bo thc vt gip rt ngn thi gian phn hy rm r m mang li hiu qu cao.

Quy trnh sn xut phn rm r hu c

Phn chung, rm r (1 tn)

Ch phm sinh hc trichoderma (3-4kg)

Super ln (30 - 40 kg)

Phi trnPhun ure 1kg/100L nc

(w = 50-55%) 4 5 ngy

o trn ln 1, y bt (to =60C)25 30 ngy

o ln 2 (w = 50-55%)

Phn rm r hu c

- Kt qu cn cho thy khi bn lin tc phn rm hu c v bn gim lng phn ha hc cy la t b nhim su bnh hn so vi ch bn hon ton phn ha hc. - Bn phn rm hu c th nng Silic trong thn cy la cao hn so vi nhng l khng bn phn hu c t gip cy la chng chu i su bnh tt hn. - Bn phn rm hu c th mt s vi sinh vt t, lng protein hon tr li trong t cao v t xp ca t c phn ci thin hn so vi bn hon ton phn ha hc.

Mang li hiu qu kinh t t 1.872.000 2.475.000 ng so vi bn n thun phn ha hc ch mang li hiu qu 1.829.000 ng. Phn hu c ng mt vai tr rt quan trng i vi hat ng ca vi sinh vt trong t, gp phn duy tr ph ca t v cung cp dng cht cn thit cho cy trng tng trng v pht trin. Bn phn rm hu c di hn gp phn ci thin c l tnh ca t v ci thin c ph sinh hc ca t chuyn canh cy la.

III/ U, NHC IM CA PHN RM R HU C S DNG CHNG NM TRICHODERMA U IM - Tn dng c ph liu thc vt lm nguyn liu sn xut Bo v r cy khi cc tc nhn gy bnh - Gim thiu vic dng thuc tr su ha hc tiu dit cc nm gy bnh - Gim thiu dng phn bn ha hc - Gim thiu nhim mi trng Khng gy hi cho ngi v vt nui - C ph i khng rng trn cc loi nm gy bnh trn cy trng

U IM - S dng nhiu c ch khng li cc vi sinh vt gy bnh - Tn ti lu di trong t nh kh nng t sn sinh ra bo t - Pht trin nhanh trong t - y nhanh qu trnh hp thu cht dinh dng v kch thch tng trng cy trng NHC IM - Hiu qu chm - Nguyn liu nhiu nhng kh thu gom v x l. - Trnh sn xut cn yu km

Kt lunVic s dng phn hu c s dng chng nm Trichoderma trong sn xut nng nghip hn ch ho cht bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc gp phn ci thin cht lng nng sn, ph nhiu ca t, m bo nhu cu pht trin bn vng trong khi vn m bo kh nng duy tr nng sut cy trng. Ngoi ra, cc chng vi sinh vt c ch khc khi c b sung vo phn hu c sinh hc cn gip ci thin ph t nhin ca t, gim chi ph do phn bn v c. Hm lng cht dinh dng cao v c cht lng trong phn hu c sinh hc cn gip ci thin tnh bn vt l t v hp ph mt s nguyn t gy bt li cho cy trng. V vy l cc k s cng ngh sinh hc tng lai, chng ta cn tm ra nhiu loi vi sinh c ch khc, sn xut nhiu loi phn hu c vi sinh hn na tng nng sut, cht lng cy trng, nhm a nn nng nghip ca nc ta ngy cng pht trin.