401

ñkaiqka mdml%shd j,ska m%fudaOhg m;ajkafka wehs @

- fya;=j osÜÀ

http://puredhamma.net/abhidhamma/why-do-people-enjoy-immoral-deeds-ditthi-is-key/

1' mdml%shdjla fyda wdpdr iïmkak fkdjk fohla l< úg wm fndfyda fofkla

wmyiq;djhg m;afõ' ksoiqkla jYfhka uu l=vd l< úiaflda;=jla fyda

iSksfnda,hla fidfrka .;a úg yo .eiau jevqjQ yeá ug u;lh' wm fldamhg

m;ajQ úgl yo .eiau jeäjk whqre iy uq¿ .;u wd;;shg m;ajk nj oksuq'

bka tllaj;a m%ikak wjia:djka fkdfõ'

tfyhska mdml%shd idudkHfhka hfula wmyiqjg m;a flf¾" tfiau b;d ÿIag

l%shdjla kï fyf;u .skafkka oefjkakd fuka oefka' fuh md,sfhka iy

isxyf<ka —;dm˜ hkqfjka ye|skafõ' i;smÜGdk iQ;%fha —w;dms iïmcdfkda ˜ hkq

tjeks mdml%shd u.yeßh yels ufkda úys;shla we;s hkakhs' — i;smÜGdk iQ;% -

jHqyh˜ lshjkak' hfula whym;a l%shdjkaf.ka wE;aj isákúg yoj; —ksfõ˜"

fuhhs ksíndk fyda ksjk fyda ksùu ^ ksù hdu&'

2' wmf.a ukfiys is;sú,a,la yg .;a úg ^ wod, hula oelSfuka fyda weiSfuka&

ta wkqj l%shd lsÍug iajhxl%shju ;SrKh jkafka wmf.a —.;s wkqjh '

wm uy u. weúo hk úg —i;=re mqoa.,fhla ˜ wmf.a o¾Yk m:hg msúisfha

kï tu mqoa.,hd fl;rï miñ;=re oehs wm ixcdkkh lrk wdldrhg

yojf;ys ;dmh f.k fok ËKsl oafõI is;sú,s my, fõ'fuysoS wmf.a is;sú,s

j, m%uqL;ajh .kafka —oafõI ˜ fÉ;isl h' iajhxl%Shj hful=f.a ukfiys yg

.kakd tu is;sú,s j,g fya;=j Tyqf.a m%n,jQ —.;s fõ' iuyr úg tajd

—wixldßl Ñ;a;˜ jYfhka kï flf¾'

402

wfkla wjia:dj,oS" mdml%shd lsÍug hfula ue,súh yel" tfy;a fndfyda is;d

n,d fyda wka whf.a fm,Uùu ksid th isÿlf<a kï tjka is;sú,s iixldßl

Ñ;a; jYfhka y÷kajhs' uu l=vd l< úiaflda;= fidrd .ekSug is;ñka isáhoS

uf.a fidfydhqrkaf.a fm<Uùu ksid th fidrd .;af;a kï fyda uf.au

Wjukdjg wdYdj uev mj;ajd .; fkdyelsj th isÿ l<d kï th iixldßl

Ñ;a; jkq we;'

fjk;a ksoiqkla .ksuq¦ wm hï jákd fohla i|yd ;r. lrK úg jvd;a m%n,

oeä — f,daN˜ hla wmf.a ukfiys mej;sh yel' fuys Wjukdj th ;ud i;=

lr .ekSu muklau fkdj wka flfkl=g th ,efnkjdgo wleu;sh' by;

i|yka l< rd. >Khg wh;aa ud l=vd l< úiaflda;= fidrd .ekSu yd

ixikaokh l< úg fuys yojf;ys we;s .skak jvd;a lemS fmfka' tu ksid fyd|

fukau krl is;sú<s j,o m%n,;ajfhys fkdfhla uÜgï we;'

l,d;=rlska fujka whym;a fohla wm l,;a" tjekakla lsÍu kqiqÿiqhhs wmg

oefka ^jegfya&' mdml%shdj m%n, jk ;rugu tu oekSuo m%n,h'

3'tfy;a iuyr mqoa.,hska mdml%shd lr bka i;=gg m;afõ' iuyre msyshd wekSï

ksid urKhg m;ajqk wjia:dj, oy jrla fyda ishla jrla msysfhka wekqï ld

;snq nj wm wid we;' msysfhka wekak ;eke;a;d th isÿ lsÍfuka I;=gg mlajQ

njla fmfka" ñksfila urd oeóug t;rï jrla wekSug wjYH ke;' fuh ms<sl=,a

iy.; ÿ¾,N isoaêhla njg wm ieu tlÕ fõ' tjka is;sú,a,la mjd

;e;s.kajk iq¿h'

tfy;a fndfyda wmg idudkH hhs isf;k fïjdfha fi!uH wdldr we;' igkloS

iuyre wka wh fõokdjg m;ajk whqre n,d i;=gg m;afõ' isyske;sj ìu

jegqk m%;sjdoshdg mjd myr fok msx;+r wm oel we;af;uq' I;=kag ysxid lrk

úg fuh ks;r olakg ,efí' fndfyda fofkla — l=l=,a fmdr n,d i;=gq fõ˜'

jvd;a iq,N isÿùula jk ud¿ nEfïoS ì,S fldlall weñkS fõokdfjka ief,k

ud¿jd fyda yqiau i|yd c.,h ke;sj .efyk ud¿jd fndfyda fofkl=g

fkdfmfka' fudjqka ÿIag wh fkdfõ" tfy;a Tjqkaf.a ;sßika i;=ka .ek we;s

wdl,amh ;sßika i;=ka iÔù fkdjkjdhhs hk f;lau msßyS we;'

403

4'úkaok yd wdYdjka ckkh lsÍfuys ,d jeo.;a N+ñldjla osÜÀ fyda —idjoH

oelaug˜ we;' i;=ka ueÍu ls%hdjla fkdfõ hhs wmg W.kajd ;snqks kï tjekakla

lsÍfïoS wmyiq ;djhg m;ajkafka ke;' ñksiqka ud¿ nEu fyda i;=ka ovhï

lsÍu úfkdao l%shdjla fia i,lkafka Tjqqyq ud¿ fyda uqjka ueÍu mdmhla fia

fkdi,lk fyhsks'

ud¿ ndoaoS fyda i;=ka ovhï lroaoS Tjqkg yfoys i;=gla ñi ;dmhla .skakla

fkdoefka'fuh tla wd.ulg iSud jQ fohlao fkdfõ'ud¿ nEu fyda i;=ka ovhï

lsÍu úfkdao l%shdjla fia i,lk fndfyda —fn!oaOhska ˜ uu oksñ' wfkla w;g

u;a meka mdkh oi wl=i,hkaf.ka tlla fkdjQj;a fndfyda —fn!oaOhska ˜ u;a

meka mdkh mdml%shdjka fia i,lhs ^ wêl u;a meka mdkh ksid mdmdl%shdjka j,

ksr; ùu jeä fõ ' hful=f.a osÜÀ wkqj th fjkia fõ'

bkaoshdfõ iuyr fmfoiaj, iuyr wd.ñl fldgia úfYaIs; koshl kEfuka

mõ fidaod yeßh yelshhs úYajdi lrhs' tfy;a kosfhys bkakd uiqka uq Ôú;

ld,hu tu .x.dfõ osú f.jk ksid ish¨ mõ lï j,ska f;dr úh hq;=h' tjka

fmkqug wk¾:ldÍ fkdjk idjoH osÜÀhla jqj;a uki wdjrKh lr uki

h:d¾:h oelSu j,ld ,hs' .eg¿j jkafka ienEjgu tjka úYajdihl w¾:j;a

njla we;aoehs mÍËdjg ,la fkdfldg mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg tjka osÜÀ

jHdma;s ùuhs'

5' osÜÀ hkq m%Odk whym;a fÉ;islhls" tfiau m%;s úreoaO iïud osÜÀ fyda

mx× ^ nqoaê& wjYHfhkau —hym;a fÉ;islhls ' jeo.;a lreK jkafka hym;a

iy whym;a fÉ;isl ñY% jkafk ke;s njhs' is;sú,a,la tlaflda hym;a ke;akï

whym;a' hym;a is;sú,a,l wf,daN" woafõI" ohdj jeks hym;a fÉ;isl tlla

fyda jeä .kkla mej;sh yel' whym;a is;sú,a,l f,daN" oafõI" je/oslsÍug

nh iy ,eÊcdj ke;slu" jeks whym;a fÉ;isl tlla fyda jeä .kkla

mej;sh yel'

404

6' fÉ;isl m%S;s hkq m%fudaOhhs th l=i, fyda wl=i, is;sú,s hk folu wdY%s;j

we;súh yel' Pkao ^leue;a;& iy úßh ^jEhu& fÉ;isl iïnkaOfhkao th

i;Hh' fuu fÉ;isl ;=k l=i, fyda wl=i, is;sú,s yd yg.kakd —úfYaI ˜

fÉ;isl fia y÷kajk fÉ;isl ihg wvx.=h" —fÉ;isl ^ ufkda idOl& ˜

lshjkak'

tfyhska hfula uiqka fyda wfkla ;sßika i;=ka ueÍu mdmdl%shdjla fia fkdi,ld

th u;= Ôú; j,oS krl M, úmdl foahhs fkdis;kafka kï" tjka osÜÀhla iys;

mqoa.,fhl=g uiqka ueÍfuka$ovhï lsÍfuka m%S;shg m;aúh yel" thg

leue;a;la ^Pkao& we;sfõ" Wkkaÿfjka ta i|yd ie,iqï lrhs ^ úßh&'

wfkla w;g hfula iïud osÜÀ fhka hqla; kï tjeks l%shdjka lsÍfuysoS wmyiq

;djhlg m;afõ" thg leue;a;la ke;" tjeks fo lsÍug jHdhduhla fkdlrhs'

fyf;au m%S;shg m;ajkafka hym;a fÉ;isl iys; is;sú,af,ka hq;=j lrkakdjQ

fohsks' tfiau tu lghq;= i|yd Pkao yd úßh o mj;S'

7' mdml%shdjka lsÍug wmyiq;djhla fkdue;s jk fndafyda —ñÉpd osÜÀ ˜ j¾.

we;'

nqoaO Oïu fhys osÜÀ hk moh fhod.kafka úfYaIfhka —ñÉpd osÜÀ ˜

fyda idjoH oelau i|ydhs' m%;súreoaO moh jkafka — iïud osÜÀ ˜ fyda m×

^ nqoaê &'

iuyr mqoa.,hskag wfkla ukqIHhska ;u wd.u úYajdi fkdlrK wh urd

oeóug lsis .eg¿jla ke;' Tjqkaf.a uq¿ Ôú; ld,h mqrdu W.kajd we;af;a

th iaj¾.hg hk ud¾.h ksrdjrKh lr fok hym;a fohla njh' l=vd l<

isgu wdrïN lr iuyr whym;a foa ms<s.; yels foa fia uki i,lk

;;a;ajhg f.k taug yelsùu we;af;kau úiauhcklhs' fuh ^ brain washing& orK woyia fjkia fldg fjk;a woyia leùu fia ie,fla' tfyhska — osÜÀ ˜

fjkia lsÍu b;du;a wmyiq fohls'

fuu l%shdj, fome;a;u úpdrYS,sj oelSu jeo.;ah' hful=g ñksiqka >d;kh

lr iaj¾.hg hd yels hhs hk lshuk w¾:j;ao@ hful=f.a fmdfrdkaÿjla yer

405

tu m%ldYfhys i;Hhla ;sfío@ hï O¾uhla úYajdifkdlrkakka >d;khg

,lalr iaj¾.hg hd yelafla flfiaoehs myod osh yels wd.ula$O¾uhla ;sfío@

jeo.;au .eg¿j jkafka ukqIHdf.a uki myiqu ud¾.h .ekSuhs' hï

u;fNaohlg mdoljq lrekq .eUqfrka úuid n,d jvd;a m%×f.dapr ia:djrhlg

t,öug jvd ;ud orkakdjQ u;h ;yjqre lsÍu myiqh' tfy;a mßl,amkh l<

fkdyels ;rï ld,hla mqrd mej;sh yels wdoSkj .ek hfula uekúka

ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'

8' iuyre ukqIH >d;kfhka i;=gla ,nhs" tjeks whg wka;hg .sh fuday

fÉ;isl we;" Tjqyq iodpdrd;aul jYfhka wkaOh'

tjka >d;k lr hfula rd;s%fha iqj kskaola ,nkafka flfiaoehs wm fndfyda

fofkl=g wjfndaO lr .; fkdyelsjQj;a úlD;s ukila we;s tjka >d;lhska

iqjfia ksohs' fmd,afmdÜ iy ysÜ,¾ jeks wh jir .kkdjla ;siafia lDr ukqIH

>d;k l< whh' Tjqkaf.a osÜÀhg wkqj kï tajd l< hq;= ksjro foah" tfiau

fndfyda wka wh;a tu osÜÀhu wkq.ukh l<y'

9' osÜÀ w;ayer oud iïud osÜÀ je<| .ekSu f,!lsl wIagdx.sl uf.ys m<uq

mshjro bka miqj f,daflda;a;r wIagdx.sl u.o jkafka tfyhsks'—nqoaO O¾ufhys

wkqmu jkafka l=ulao@˜ lshjkak'

hfula jeros osÜÀ h ksid lrkakdjQ iodpdrd;aul fkdjk foa lrkafka tu

jeros osÜÀ ksid hhs fyf;u wjfndaO lr fkd.kS tfyhska jeros osÜÀ hla ;sîu

w;sYhska Nhxldrh' tjka osÜÀ bj;a lr .; yelafla nqoaO Oïu yeoEÍfuka

muks' hfula fidajdka jkafka tjka jeros osÜÀ iy ixcdkkh w;ayer

oeófukah' fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS w;ayer ouk ixfhdack ;=k tkï ilaldh

osÜÀ" úÑlsÉpd" iS,ín; mrdudi hk ish,a, yg.kafka ñÉpd osÜÀ ksidh'

406

10' ish¨ iodpdrd;aul úfrdaë mdm lïu isÿlrkafka wl=i, Ñ;a; 12 lskah( 8la

f,daN mokï lrf.k jk w;r folla má> ^ wleue;a;&iy folla fuday

mdoljh'

ish¨ wmdh.dñ l%shd lrkq ,nkafka m<uq f,daN Ñ;a; i;r iy úÑlsÉpd Ñ;a;

iys;jh'—wl=i, Ñ;a; iy wl=i, úmdl Ñ;a; ˜ lshjkak'

tu uq,a wl=i, Ñ;a; i;r kï — osÜÀ iïmhq;a; ˜ fyda —jeros oelafuka l<˜

Ñ;a;h' fÉ;isl úÑlsÉpd yg .kafka;a f,dalfha h:d ;;a;ajh tkï wksÉp"

ÿlaL" wk;a: .ek fkdoekSu ksidh' tfyhska fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS w;yßk

ish¨ wl=i, Ñ;a; myu yg .kafka ñÉpd osÜÀ tkï f,dalh .ek we;s jeros

wjfndaOh ksidh'

11' hfula wl=i, l%shdjla lroaoS th wl=i,hla fia úYajdi fkdlrhs kï" túg

fyf;u th m%S;s" Pkao iy úßh hqla;j lrhs" tkï m%fudaOfhka " wdYdfjka iy

m%fudaOfhka hq;=j th id¾:l lr .ekSug jEhï lrhs'

Ignorantia juris non excusat hk ,;ska jels lv wkqj we;af;kau kS;sh

fkdoekSu ksoyig lrekla fkdfõ' th nqoaO Oïufhys i|yka iajNdúl

kshuhkag wkqjo i;Hh'

nqoaO Oïuhg wkqj m%fudaOfhka hq;=j l< mdml%shd jvd;a nrm;< úmdl foa'

uq,a f,daN Ñ;a; 4 w;=frka" m%fudaOfhka hq;=j l< mdml%shd( fidaukiai iy.;

osÜÀ iïmhq;a; Ñ;a;" fidaukiai iy.; osÜÀ iïmhq;a; iixldßl Ñ;a;

jvd;a nrm;< úmdl fokafka tfyhsks'fuys woyi" .;s fya;= fldg f.k

m%fudaOfhka hq;=j iy jeros oelafuka isÿ l< mdml%shd iy wka lrekq

fya;=fldg fm,Uùu u; m%fudaOfhka hq;=j iy jeros oelafuka isÿ l< mdml%shd

hkakhs' iajhxl%Shju isÿjk fyhska m<uq l%shdj krlu m%n, úmdl isy; jk

w;r fojekak fm<Uùfuka isÿl< fyhska m%n,;ajfhka fyda cjkfhka wvqh'

407

12' tfyhska iuyre mdml%shd m%fudaOfhka hq;=j jvd;a m%n, krl wdoSkj f.k

fok wdldrfhka lrkafka idjoH osÜÀ ksidh' tfyhska Oïu ydodrd wjfndaO

lr .ekSu b;a jeo.;ah'

—udf.a oyu ñka fmr f,dalh oek isáfha ke;ehs ˜nqÿkajykafia jod< f,iu

nqoaO Oïu fkdoek mdml%shd fudkjdo hym;a foa fudkjdoehs ksYaÑ;j f;areï

.; fkdyel'

tfy;a" ukqIHhka jYfhka o< jYfhka fyd| krl fjka lr .ekSfï iyc

yelshdjla wmg we;' ta fmr Njhkaf.ka ,;a oekSuhs' tfy;a wm yeoS jevqk

mßirfhka Wlyd .;a jeros oelau fyda ñÉPd osÜÀ fyda osÜÀ mej;sh yel'

l=vd orejka hym;a mqoa.,hska fia yod jvd .ekSu iy Tjqka hym;a wh weiqrg

fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a jkafka tfyhsks' <ud úfhaoS W.kakd mqreÿ wdhdifhka

fjkia fkdl<fyd;a Ôú; ld,fhau mj;S'

hful=f.a osÜÀ wka wfhl=f.a osÜÀhg jvd fjkia ksid oS¾> ld,Sk jYfhka

mj;ajd fkd.; hq;= jeros osÜÀ fudkjdoehs fjkalr y÷kd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a

fõ'fndfyda fofkla mqkre;am;a;sh ms<s fkd.kS' tfy;a nqoaO foaYkdjg wkqj th

u;= Njhkays whym;a wdoSSkj f.k fokakdjq ñÉPd osÜÀ hls' idËs úuid

n,d;ud úiskau ;SrKhla .; hq;=h' —mqk¾Njhg idËs úuid ne,Sug wu;rj

— Ôú;fha úm%ldr nj iy —hym;a mqk¾Njhla i|yd ud¾.h˜ úu¾Ykhg ,la

lrkak'

13' wjidk jYfhka fuys m%;sj¾;h o i;Hh h'm%fudaOfhka iy m%×j

fmroeßj" iïud osÜÀ fhka hq;=j lrK ,o hym;a l%shd by, mqKH úmdl ,nd

foa' idjoH oelau w;ayeÍu hkq hym;a oelau we;s lr .ekSu fyda iïud osÜÀ h

jeãuhs' hfula hym;a yd whym;a l%shd .ek jv jvd;a oekqj;a fj;au mqkH

ls%hd lsÍfïoS jvd;a i;=gg m;afõ' m%fudaOh iy m%×j tlsfklska hefma'

we;af;kau Pkao iy úßh ta iu.u j¾Okh fõ'

408

m%n,;u hym;a Ñ;a; ^ fidank Ñ;a;& jkafka fidaukiai iy.; ×K

iïmhq;a; Ñ;a; fyda iajhxl%shj yg.kakd m%fudaOh iy m%×j iys; is;sú,sh'

B,Õg m%n, jkafka fidaukiai iy.; ×K iïmhq;a; iixldßl Ñ;a; fyda

wfkla lreKq ksid fm<Uùfuka yg.kakd m%fudaOh iy m%×j iys; is;sú,sh'

fuysoS m%×j wdrïN jkafka f,!lsl iïud osÜÀ uÜgfïh'th hfula

fid;dmkak u.a. ^ fidajdka u.&ms,smka úg iy bkamiq fidajdka M, ,;a úg

jefvñka mQ¾K wjfndaOh wry;a wjêhg m;ajQ úgo ,nkafkah'. —nqoaO O¾uh

is;shula u.ska ˜ n,kak'

m%×j jeäj;au" l=i, Ñ;a;hl m%n,;ajh fyda cjk" jeä oshqKqfõ'

wry;=kajykafia kulf.a Ñ;a;hl m%n,;ajh fid;dmkak mqoa.,fhl=f.a

Ñ;a;hl m%n,;ajhg jvd Wiia uÜgul mj;S" tfiau th idudkHh wfhl=g

jvd fid;dmkak mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wiia uÜgul mj;S'

m%n, fuday ^ wúÊcd& Ñ;a;hl cjk o m%n,h' tfyhska l%shdjo ta whqßkau

m%n,j oeßh fkdyels ;;a;ajhl krl wdoSkjo ,nd foa'

14' fndfyda wh wNsOïu ixlS¾K hhs ie,l=j;a Wiia mokulska wdrïN

l<fyd;a wNsOïu u.ska fndfyda fihska ixlS¾K .eg¿ jvd;a meyeos<sj úi|d

.; yel' Ñ;a; j¾. .ek fukau úúO fÉ;isl hful=f.a mqreÿ ^—.;s &

;SrKh lrK wdldrh oek.ekSu fndfyda .eg¿ ksrdlrKfhaoS myiq lrhs'

fidajdka wjêhg uqLH jkakdjQ osÜÀ iy úÑlsÉpd

1' fidajdka M,h g m;aùfuka fn!oaOfhl=f.a m<uq yd m%uqL wruqK jk ÿ.;shl

W;am;a;sh ,eîfuka je,lS ksÿla Ndjh ,Õdlr .ekSfï wruqk bIag isoaO fõ'

409

fid;dmkak wjêhg m;aùu msKsi mQ¾K l< hq;= wjYH;djka wjfndaOlr .ekSu

msKsi fndfyda l%u fõo uu úYaf,aIKh lf<ñ" tu wjYH;djhka myiqfjka

u;l ;nd .; yels tla l%uhla jkafka fidajdka mqoa.,fhl= uqLH whym;a

fÉ;isl jk osÜÀ iy úÑlsÉpd folu w;ay< nj wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs'

hful=f.a is;sú<s j, —.;s ˜ u;= lr olajk fÉ;isl fyda ufkda idOl j¾.

.ek ye|skaùula i|yd lshjkak —fÉ;isl ^ ufkda idOl& ˜ iy — lsf,aI

^flf,ia&" osÜÀ ^ idjoH oelau&" iïud osÜÀ ^ ksjro oelau& ˜'

2' fÉ;isl tlsfklg iïnkaOhs' fodai ^ oafõI" oeä ffjrh& Bg ukd ksoiqkls'

oafõI yg.kafka oeä wdYdj fkdfyd;a f,daN ksidh" we;a;jYfhkau isoaO

jkafka f,daNh" oafõIhg yeÍuhs" tajd Wodjkafka tljr fkdfõ' hfula ;j;a

ñksfila >d;kh lrkafka oafõIh ksidh' tu wjia:dfõ ta mqoa.,hdf.a ukfiys

mej;=fka oafõIh muks' tfy;a tu oafõI Wodùug fya;= jQfha f,daN" tkï fmr

ld,hloS hï fohla flfrys we;sjQ m%n, ne|Sula ksidh'

tfiau osÜÀ m%n, jk úg wêl f,daNh we;sfõ' by; ksoiqfka osÜÀ fkd;snqkd

kï tjka m%n, f,daNhla we;s jkafka ke;" th fjkqjg ;rula ÿrg hym;a

fÉ;isl " iïud osÜÀ j¾Okh lr.kakjd we; ^ tkï ffjrh yd ukqIH

>d;khg m%uqL jk tjka m%n, ne|Sï j, wdoSkj .ek hfula oek isáhd kï& '

tfyhska osÜÀ w;ay< úg f,daN" m%n,;ajfhka ySkjQ rd. njg m;afõ ^ bkaøsh

ix;¾mkhg we,Su&'

osÜÀ w;ayeÍu oafõI ^ oeä ffjrh& má> ^ kqreiakd iajNdjh& njg

wvqùugo fya;= fõ'

úÑlsÉpd fudayh yd iïnkaOhs" úÑlsÉpd w;ay< úg fudayh ^ fuday

wkaOldrh fyda fudayfhka wkaO jQ & wúÊcd ^ wksÉp"ÿlaL"wk;a: .ek we;s

wkjfndaOh& uÜgug wvqfõ' fjk;a rpkhl olajd we;s mßos úÑlsÉpd hkq

f,dal iajNdjfha h:d¾:h fkdokakd ksid ^ flf,ia j,ska& wdjrKh jQ ukiska

lrkakdjQ M, rys; fukau ydksodhljQ foa lsÍug we;s keñhdjhs'

410

fuu lrekq fol fjk;a wdldrhlg i|yka lf<d;a¦ fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS osÜÀ

iy.; f,daN Ñ;a; i;r iy úÑlsÉpd Ñ;a; bj; ouhs ^ tfyhska wl=i,

Ñ;a; 12 ka mylau fid;dmkak jQ úg w;ayÍ&' fuh" —ñksiqka mdml%shd j,ska

m%fudaOhg m;ajkafka wehs @ - fya;=j osÜÀ ˜ hgf;a idlÉPd lf<uq'

3' hful=f.a —.;s yd ukfiys m%uqLj mj;akd fÉ;isl w;r ióm iïnkaOhla

mj;akd nj wfkla ,smsj, i|yka lf<ñ' —wmdh.dó .;s tkï hfula

wmdhhkays mqk¾Njhlg fya;= jkakdjQ hful=f.a mqreÿ fyda keñhdjka

^ keUqrenj & fndfyda úg mj;skafka m%Odk whym;a fÉ;isl jk f,daN" oafõI"

osÜÀ" fuday iy úÑlsÉpd j,h'

fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS osÜÀ" iy úÑlsÉpd fÉ;isl bj;afõ' f,daN" rd. njg

wvq fõ' rd." ldu rd." rEm rd." wrEm rd." jYfhka fnod fjka l< yel'

oafõI" má> f;lao fuday" wúÊcd f;lao wvq fõ'

by; b;sßj mej;=kdjQ ldu rd. iy má> ilod.dñ wjêfhaoS ;j ÿrg;a wvq

fõ'

fuu ldu rd. iy má> fol wkd.dó M,hg m;ajQ úg bj;a fõ'

b;sß m%Odk whym;a fÉ;isl jk f,daN iy fuday ^ tkï rEm rd." wrEm rd.

wúÊcd & fukau wfkla ish¨u whym;a fÉ;isl" wry;a Ndjhg m;a ùu;a iu.

bj;a fõ'

4' hfula fuu whym;a fÉ;isl iy whym;a .;s w;ayeÍu;a iu. fyf;u

iajhxl%Shju hym;a fÉ;isl j,ska hq;a hym;a .;s j¾Okh lrhs' osÜÀ m%ySK

ùu;a iu. iïud osÜÀ ^ fuh m× fyda nqoaê fÉ;islu fõ& jefvk nj by;

wms ÿgqfjuq'

411

ta wldrfhkau úÑlsÉpd m%ySK fj;au ioaOd ^Y%oaOdj& fÉ;isl jefâ'

fid;dmkak mqoa.,hdg " úÑlsÉpdfjka f;dr" nqoaO Oïu iy ix> hk

f;rejka flfrys yg.;aa fkdìfok ioaOdjla ^ Y%oaOdj& we;af;a tfyhsks' fuu

ioaOdj wkaO Nla;shla fkdj wjfndaOh ksid yg .;a tlls'

;sr;K jkaokd ^ f;rejka je|Su & Tiafia nqoaO" Oïu "ix> kuialdrh fyda

msß;a foaYkdjkag ijka oSfuka ioaOd jefâ'— fn!oaO iÊ®dhkh - ye|skaùu ˜

lshjkak ' ioaOd iy m× tljr j¾OKh l< hq;= hhs i|yka jkafka tfyhsks'

wf,daN ^ oeä wdYdfjka f;dr&" woafõI ^ ffjrfhka f;dr& f,daN iy oafõI

folg m%;smË jk hym;a fÉ;isl jk nj isys;nd .;hq;= jeo.;a lrekls'

we;a; jYfhkau wf,daN fÉ;isl hla fkdfõ' wf,daN iy woafõI fuka fkdj

wfuday j¾Okh fkdflf¾" th yqÿ fuday ke;s nj muks' tfy;a j¾Okh jkafka

m× ^nqoaêh& fyj;a iïud osÜÀ fÉ;isl fõ' ta i|yd wksÉp" ÿlaL " wk;a:

.ek wjfndaOh wjYHh' fmdf;a oekqu yd m× ^nqoaêh& w;r lsisu

iïnkaOhla ke;af;a tfyhsks' tfy;a th —N+ñ ;, 31 ka hq;a fuu f,dalfha h:d

iajNdjh˜ .ek wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs' fuu jeo.;a lrek .ek fjk;a ,smshla

m%ldYhg m;a lrkafkñ'

5' th meyeos<s lrkakdjQ úYaf,aIKhla jkafka iEu wjêhloSu wdij bj;a jk

wdldrh úuid ne,Suhs' i;r wdldr wdij kï( osÜGdij ^ osÜÀ flfrys we;s

wdij&" ldudij ^ bkaøsh ix;¾mkfhka ,nkakdjq iem flfrys we;s wdij" th

ldurd. yd iudkh& Njdij ^ Nj fyda meje;au flfrys we;s wdij th rEm

rd. ¬ wrEm rd. yd iudkh& iy wúÊcdij ^ wúoHdj flfrys we;s wdij& fõ'

wdijlaLHd fyj;a wdij bj;a lsÍu hkq ksíndk fydaa ksjkhs'

412

by; wxl 3 yd ixikaOkh lr n,k úg osÜGdij fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS bj;a

fõ' ilod.dñ wjêfhaoS m%ySK jk ldudij wkd.dñ wjêfhaoS bj;a fõ' Njdij

iy wúÊcdij folu wry;a M,hg m;a ùu;a iu. bj;a fõ'

tfyhska osÜGdij iy ldudij hk foflys ixfhdackfhka m%n, ;kaydj

^ ,daNh& iy m%n, ffjrh ^ oafõI& yg .kS' —fï f,dalfha ˜ h:d iajNdjh

wjfndaOlr .ekSu ksid osÜGdij ke;sùfuka f,daN iy oafõI" ldu rd. iy

má> njg m%ySK fõ'

fuu Oïu fldgia wOHkh lrk wfhl=g fuu úúOdldr úYaf,aIKhka

m%fhdackj;a jqj;a fuu mo j,g kjlfhl=g tajdfha jHdl+, njla yef.kakg

ms<sjk' tfy;a ld,h;a iu. tu moj,g yqrejk ksid tajd lgmdvï lsÍug

jvd jeo.;a jkafka uekúka wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs'

nqoaO ld,fhaoS" nqoaO Oïu —úNx.jdoS fyj;a —fldgia j,g lvd úYaf,aIKh

lrka O¾uh˜ jYfhka ye|skaúh' ffjoH isiqka u< isrere úÉfþokh lr ñksia

isrer .ek wOHhkh lrkakdla fuka uki úúodldrfhka úYaf,aIKh lr

wOHhKh lsÍu jeo.;ah' ish¨ wdldrfha úYaf,aIK tksfklg wkql+, fõ'

6' fid;dmkak mqoa.,hd" wksÉp" ÿlaL" wk;a: hï ;rulg wjfndaO

lr.ekSfuka osÜÀ bj;a lr" hï uÜgulg iïud osÜÀ jeãfukaa osÜÀ úiqoaê

njg m;a fõ' fuh isÿjQ úg fuday fÉ;islj, m%n,;ajh ySK ù f.dia wúÊcd

uÜgug m;afõ" tfiau úÑlsÉpd fÉ;isl bj;a flf¾' by; wxl 3 ys i|yka

l< mßos ta iu.u f,daN" rd. f;la wvq ù B,Õ Wiia ksjka mshjrj,oS

ms<sfj,ska bj;a fõ'

fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS isÿjkakdjq foa by; mßÉfþofhka fláfhka oelafõ' th

ir, fohla fia fmkqk;a tu wjêhg m;a ùu msKsi uki ilia lsÍug uy;a

fjfyila oeßh hq;= fõ' ta fndfyda úg Oïu wOHkfhka iy úmiaikdfjkah'

flf;la bkaøsh iqL fukau Okh wjodkug ,lajQjo whm;a foa lsÍfuka je,lS

isák uÜgug hfula f,!lsl jia;+ka flfrys we;s ne|Sï j, m%n,;ajh m%ySK

413

lr we;' fyf;u úÑlsÉpdfjka hq;=j l%shd fkdlrhs' ;Srk .ekSfïo ielfhka

fkdmelsf,a' wmdh.dó l%shd .ek ukdj okS' th tu fufyff;aoS is;d ne,sh hq;=

fohla fkdj" ish¨ —wmdh .dó .;s iodld,slju bj;a lr we;s fyhska th

iajhxl%Shju isÿfõ'

tfyhska jeo.;a fÉ;isl j, iuyr ,ËK oek .ekSfuka wmg wmf.a uki

l%shd lrK wdldrh oek .; yelsh' úúO wh tlu ndysr n,mEïj,oS

úúOdlrfhka m%;spdr olajkafka wehs oehs oek .; yelsh" thg fya;=j jkafka

Tjqkaf.a —.;s fyda m%uqL fÉ;isl úúOdldr jk ksidh'

7' ksoiqka lsysmhls .ksuq' Tyqg jvd;a yqre mqreÿ tfiau myiq l%shdjka jkafka

hful=f.a o¾Ykh wkqj ;SrKh jQ l%shdjkah tfyhska osÜÀ m%uqLia:dkhla .kS'

úfYaIs; .x.djlska iakdkh lsÍfuka l< mõ fidaod yeßh yelshhs hk osÜÀ h

úuid n,uq' fuh t;rï m%n, osÜÀ hla nj fkdfmfka' tfy;a oji mqrd

whym;a mdml%shdjka ys fhoS tu mõ iy lïu úmdl fidaod yeÍug .x.d fjys

iakdkh lssÍu Nhdkl úYajdihls' tfiajqjo iuyr bkaoSh m%dka; j, fuu osÜÀ

h mrïrd .kkdjla mqrdjg l%shd;aul fõ'

—uu mõ fkdlrñ tfiau wka whg Wmldro lrkafkñ" tfyhska ug kmqrls isÿ

fkdfõ˜ hhs fndfyda wh mji;a' fyf;u .sksh fkdyels fmr NjhkaysoS wkka;

wm%udkjQ mdm l%shd lr we;s nj wkjfndaOfhka hqla; ksid fuho osÜÀ hlaah'

tu osÜÀ h cks; jkafka mqk¾Njh úYajdi fkdlrk fyhsskah' fya;= M,

O¾u;dj ms,s.;a isoaOdka;hls' tfy;a th ms<s.; yelsjkafka wm .; l< tlu

Ôú;h th mukla fkdfõ hk mq¿,a m¾hdf,dalh ;=, muks'

8' fmdÿfõ fn!oaO rgj, mj;akd jeo.;a osÜÀ rdYshla we;'

mqka fmdfyda oskhka ySoS wg is,a /lSu ksjka wjfndaOhg m%udkj;a hhs fndfyda

fn!oaOhska úYajdi lrhs' ish¨ mqka fmdfyda osklau fkdjrojd wg is,a iudoka

jkakdjq úhm;a l;=ka Y%S ,xldfõ isà' uq oji mqrdu ´md¥m fodvñka .; lrk

Tjqka f.a uki msÍ we;af;a wúÊcd fjkah '

414

wg is,a iudokaj i;sfhka hq;=j oji mqrd Ndjkd fhda.Sj isàu uki msßis÷

lsÍfï wk¾> wNHdihhs' yqfola kdu ud;% jYfhka wg is,a iudoka ùfuka

mukla is; msßisÿ fkdfõ'

jhska ùÿrejla ^ fyda iq¿ m%udkhla we,afldfyd,a wvx.= mdkhla& mukj;a

mdkh lsÍu b;d whym;a mdm l%shdjla fia i,lk wfkla l,ams;ho fujeks

osÜÀ hls' ´kEu we,afldfyd,a wvx.= mdkhla fkd.ekSu jvd;au hym;ajqjo

jhska fyda ìh¾ ùÿrejla mdkh lsÍu —wl=i, lïu ˜ fkdfõ' tfy;a hfula

thg weíneysù fyda u;ajQfha kï bka —wl=i, lïu ˜ we;s úh yel' we;a;

jYfhkau hfula Oïo yodrk úg m%×j my< ùu;a iu. we,afldfyd,a ^iqrdj&

fyda tjka wfkla u;a øjH fldfrys we;s wdYdj l%ufhka ySk ù hhs'

fndfyda fn!oaO rg j, ms<sfj;a iy mqo mQcd úê m%lgj mj;S' oji mqrd úúO

mdml%shd j, ksr;j oskh wjidkfhaoS nqÿkajykafiag mykla o,ajd" .d:d

lsysmhla lshd nqÿkajkaokd lsÍu m%udkj;ahhs úYajdi lrhs'

fï ish,a, ixfhdack ;=fkka tlla jk — YS,ín; mrdudi˜ ^ mqo mQcd lsÍfuka

ksjka iqj ,o yelshhs hk osÜÀ h& j,g wh;ah' fuh fid;dmkak wjêfhaoS

iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a fõ'

tfy;a tjka l%shd fndfyduhla uki msßisÿ lsÍfï wruqkska lf<a kï" uki

ikaiqka lsÍug fya;= jk w;r ioAOd j jvhs ^ fï folu Oïu wjfndaOh myiq

lr m%×j jvhs&' — fn!oaO iÊ®dhkh - ye|skaùu ˜ lshjkak'

9' wksÉp" ÿlaL " wk;a: .ek wkjfndaOh iy lïu$ lïu úmdl l%shd lrK

wdldrh .ek fkdoekSu ksid úÑlsÉpd ^ wkqÑ;$ whym;a$ oreKq l%shd lsÍug

we;s keUqrej& yg .kS'

hful=f.a m%n, úÑlsÉpd iys; ukila ndysr n,mEï u.ska whym;a

mdml%shdjka lsÍug myiqfjka fm<Uúh yel' <uqkag idudkHfhka fyd| krl

.ek wjfndaOhla ke;s ksid Tjqkaf.a uki wka whg wjYH mßos yiqrejd .;

415

yel' tfyhska hym;a yeisÍï rgdjla j¾Okh lr .ekSug iqÿiq jd;djrKhl

<uqka yod jvd .ekSu wjYH fõ'

whym;a yeisÍï j, M, úmdl .ek fkdokakd jeäysáhkaf.a mjd úÑlsÉpd

uÜgu w;s uy;aah' Tjqkf.a keUqrej jkafka hul wdikak jdis yd M, .ek

ñi os.=ld,Sk ixcdkkhla fkdfõ'

úÑlsÉpdj bj;a l< yels jvd;a úYajdijka; u. jkafka nqÿ oyu yeoEÍuhs'

10' krl l%shdjkaf.a wdoSkj .ek fyda tajdfha krl wdoSkj j,g fya;=j

l=ulaoehs is;d ne,Sfuka je,lS isàu iqÿiq hhs is;k wh we;' tjeks wiyk

ldÍ ÿ¾uqL foa .ek is;Sfuka je,lS isák ;rug ;ud hym;a j isà hhs Tjqkaf.a

woyia lrhs'

kS;sh fkdoekSu ksoyig lrekla fkdjkakd fiau" iajNdoyfï kS;s .ek we;s

wkjfndaOh ms<s.; yels ksoyig lrekla fkdfõ' iuyrekag fndre rdYshla

f.d;d mjid cQßfhka ksoyia úh yels jqj;a" iajNdj O¾ufha Widúfhaos ;Srkh

.kafka hful=f.a ukihs" lsisfjl=g ;udf.a uki /jáh fkdyel'

tfyhska osÜÀ j,ska ñosh yelafla hful=f.a uki msßisÿ lsÍfuka muks' hfula

;udf.a uki msßisÿ lrkafka m<uqj lïu iy lïu úmdl .ek ukdj wOHkh

lsÍfuks' fojkqj wksÉp" ÿlaL " wk;a: .ek yodrd ^ lshjd& tu jpk j, ienE

woyi wjfndaO lr .ekSfuks' tkï —fï f,dalfha ˜ h:d iajNdjh wjfndaO lr

.ekSfuks"—nqoaO O¾uh is;shula u.ska ˜ iy — wksÉp ix×j jvkafka flfiao˜

lshjkak'

mdml%shdjkays fhoSfï we;s M, rys; nj" ksYaM, nj hful=f.a uki wjfndaO

lr .; hq;=h" tajd oyia jr krl wdoSkj f.k fok ksidu fkdj" hful=f.a

bkaøsh wNsm%dhka imqrd .ekSfuys ,d fyda jákd foa ;uka i;= ;r .ekSfuys we;s

M, rys; nj" ksYaM, nj wjfndaO lr .; hq;= fõ' tjka bkaøsh iqL os.= ld,Sk

jYfhka mj;ajd .; fkdyelsh" tfy;a tajfha wdoSkj fndfyda ld,hla mqrd

úmdl osh yel'

416

11' —ñkaiqka mdml%shd j,ska m%fudaOhg m;ajkafka wehs @ - fya;=j osÜÀ ˜

hgf;a ud uq,ska i|yka l< whqßka wm yeoS jevqk mßirh ksid wm ;=, j¾Okh

lr .;a" ixialD;sl fyda iudÔh fyda wd.ñl osÜÀ wms ieug we;' fn!oaO

wmo tfiauh' wms iEu flfklau tjka osÜÀ úfõpkd;aulj úuid n,d whym;a

osÜÀ fudkjdoehs fjka l< .; hq;=h' krl osÜÀ fudkjdoehs nqÿkajykafia

ukdj meyeos<s lr oS we;' lshjkak " —f;wdldr osÜÀ" wßh wIagdx.sl u. iy

iudê˜'

mod¾:j, uQ,drïNh - Y=oaOdIagl

fuu ,smsh i|yd Tn ;ju;a iQodkï ke;ehs uu fnfyda úg l,amkd lf<ñ'

fuf;la wm idlÉPd l< uQ, O¾u .ek ukd wjfndaOhla fuu m%ldYKh

wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjYHh fõ' —ix˜" .;s" wdij"máÉp iuqmamdo wdosfhys uQ,

O¾u .ek Tn úuid fkdne¨fõ kï lrekdlr fuu fldgi lshùfuka

j,lskak' fuh w¾:j;a fkdjkq we;' fuu lrekq j, yrhla ke;ehs ;j ÿrg;a

oyï fldgia lshùfuka je,flkq we;'

wfkla w;g" uQ,sl ixl,am .ek hï wjfndaOhla we;s whg jvd;a .eUqre

O¾uh wjfndaO lr .ekSug Wmldr jkq we;' fuu lrekq .ek ;j ;j;a

m%ldYk m, lsÍu;a iu. ish,a, ^ Ñ;%h& jvd;a meyeos<s jkq we;' nqoaO

Oïufhys jákdluo meyeos<s jkq we;' ioaOd jeãug th jvd;a iqÿiq u.hs ^

wjfndaOh u; f.dvke.=k ioaOdj fyda Nla;sh&'

1' mod¾: tlaflda ixl; ke;akï wixl; úh hq;=hs'

ixl; j,g wdrïNhla we;' mj;akd ld,h ;=,oS Ndú l:kh l< fkdyels

^ l,ska lsj fkdyels& wdldrhg fjkia fõ ^ úmßkdu& " wjidkfhaoS ke;s ù hhs

417

^ úkdYhg m;afõ& ksoiqkla jYfhka lshjkak" — wksÉp ys uQ,sl fya;=j -

ixl;hl meje;afï mshjr my˜ iy —´kEu jia;=jla ^rEm l,dm& mj;skafka

É;a;ËK 17 muko@ ˜'

wixl; ^øjHuh fyda fkdjk& j,g uQ,drïNhla ke;' mj;akd ld,h ;=,oS

fjkia jkafka ke;' wjika ,Ëhlao ke;' wixl; iodld,sl fõ' tlu

wixl; Oïu ksjkhs' th —fuu N+ñ ;, 31 ys f,dalhg ˜ wh;a fkdfõ'

tu fol w;r jQ lsisjla ke;' fuys i;Hh;djh .ek m%fõYfuka is;d n,kak'

—fï f,dalfha ˜ mj;akd iEu fohlau ixl; fõ " tkï wdrïNhla yd

wjidkhla we;' miq .sh jir 100 l muK ld,fhaoS fuh úoHdj u.ska ikd:

lr we;' wmf.a úYajh iaÓr"m%iaÓ;sl wjêhl mj;akd fohla fia whskaiaghska

úYajdi lf<ah' tfia Tmamq l,d kï tu woyi nqoaO Oïu yd fkd.e,fma'

tfy;a" úYajfha mj;akd lsisu fohla iodld,sl fkdjk nj úoHdj oeka ;yjqre

fldg we;' iEu fohlau fjkiafõ" iEu fohlau ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk iq¿h'

úYajfha mj;akd ish¨ mod¾:hlau jir ì,shk 14 lg fmr —uyd msmqreu˜ksid

ks¾udkh jQ nj ie,fla' fuu l,ams;h mQ¾Kj ;yjqre fldg ke;;a ´kEu

j¾.hl mod¾:hlg we;af;a iSñ; wdhq ld,hla nj meyeos<sh' tfyhska fuu

uQ,sl o¾YkfhaoSo nqoaO Oïufhys i;H;djh ms<sìUqfõ'

2' fï f,dalfha mj;akd ish¨ mod¾:hka hï wdldrhlg ks¾udk jQ jla fia

ms<s.kafka kï tajd u;= ùug fya;=jQfha l=ulao@

fï jk úg;a úoHd{hskag ta i|yd bosßm;a l< yels iqÿiq ms<s;=rla ke;' uyd

msmsrefï isg ;;amrhlska mx.=jlska miqj isg úYajfha mßkduh .kkh l,

yels jQj;a" uyd msmsreug fmr isÿjQfha l=ulaoehs fN!;sl úoHdjg lsj fkdyel'

we;a;jYfhkau" fndfyda úoHd{hska tu u;h úYajdi l<;a uyd msmsreu kHdh

mQ¾Kj ms<sf.k ke;' iuyr úoHd{hska tu ËKsl msmsreu ms<s.kafka

ke;'Tjqkaf.a woyig wkqj úYajhhka pl%Sh iajrEmhla .kS' tkï tajd

418

mßj¾;kh fjñka mßkdukh fõ' ksoiqkla jYfhka lshjkak — Endless

Universe – Beyond the Big Bang”, by P. J. Steinhardt and N. Turok (2007).˜

3' nqoaO Oïu mjikafka oekg Ôj;ajk ish¨u i…hska iodld,slju mej;s

njhs'

ñka woyia jkafka —mj;akd ish¨u Ôjk Odrdjka ˜ iEu l,aySu mej;s njhs'

iEu Ôú;hlu hï —Ôjk Odrdj ˜ lgu fN!;sl YÍrhla ,efí ^ r¿ fyda ishqï

nj mj;akd N+ñ ;,h wkqj fjkia fõ&'tu fN!;sl YÍrh ixl;h' tu fN!;sl

YÍrh crdjg m;ajQ úg —Ôjk Odrdj ˜ fjk;a fN!;sl YÍrhla fidhd .kS" —

kej; Wmoskafka ljqo@ - Ôúk Odrd ixl,amh˜ lshjkak'

Ôú;fhka Ôú;hg m%pdrKh jkafka ^ wLKavj yd ksrka;rfhka fjkia jk

w;r& .;sl ^ ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk& —Ôjk Odrdj ˜la ilia lrkakdjQ wdij"

wkqih" iy .;s ^ ufkda ,dËKsl .;s& fõ'

tfyhska oekg fndfyda úoHd{hska úYajdi lrkakdjQ uyd msmsreulska úYajh

wdrïNjQfha ke;" tfiau th lsisúglj;a iïmQ¾Kfhkau úkdYhg m;ajQfhao

ke;' ñka jir 100 hlg fmr úoHd;aul u;h jqfha úYajh mj;skafka wp,

m%iaÓ;sl ;;a;ajhl nj isyshg .kak' mj;sk o;a; j,g wkqrEmSj úoHd;aul

isoaOdka; fjkia fõ' tfy;a mdßY=oaO nqoaO Oïu jir 2500 fmr f.!;u

nqÿkajykafia th foaYkd l< wdldrfhkau fjkia fkdù mj;S" —ft;sydisl

miqìu˜ lshjkak'

4'nqÿkajykafia" ñksia m%cdj úYajh .ek úia;rd;aul f;dr;=re .fõIKfha

fhoSu wffO¾hu;a l< fial ^ th fkdl< yels fohla jk ksid;a ksjka

wjfndaOh msKsi fhdod.; yels jákd ld,h wmf;a yeÍula fia ie,l+ fial&'

flfiafj;;a" wmf.a fi!r.%y uKav,h jeks .%y f,da; moaO;s fkd.sksh yels

ixLHdjla úYajfha we;s njg nqÿka jykafia m%ldY fldg we;' th fï jk úg

kùk úoHdj u.ska ;yjqre lr we;'

419

fudk hï wjia:djl jqj;a úoHdj bosßm;a lrkakdjQ wdlD;sh nqoaO Oïu yd

wkql+, fõ' tkï tu wlD;shg wkqj N+ñ ;, 31 Ôùka mej;sh hq;=h' we;a;

jYfhkau fuh úia;rd;aulj iQ;% lsysmhl idlÉPd lr we;" w.a.{ iQ;%h

fuys,d úfYaI ;ekla .kS ^ oekg wka;¾cd,fha mj;akd ish¨u mßj¾;k

,Êcdiy.; wkaoñka idjoHh jk fyhska tajd Ndú;d lsÍu kqiqÿiqh&'

tu iQ;%fhys" fi!r.%y uxv, rdYshlaa mqmqrd f.dia miqj —uyd l,am˜ ld,

mßudkhloS kej; iEfok wdldrh nqÿkajykafia myod fohs' uyd l,amhla hkq

fl;rï os.= ld,hlaa oehs wjfndaO lr .ekSu msksi nqÿkajykafia WodyrKhla oS

we; ta wkqj th wdikak jYfhka jir ì,shk lsysmhla fõ'— mru uyd

taldnoaO Oïu isoaOdka;h ˜ lshjkak' fuu fi!r.%y uxv, úkdYh úoHd{hska

iqm¾fkdajd kñka y÷kajk ixisoaêh nj fmfka' iqm¾fkdajd ^w;sYh

úm¾hdid;aul msmqreula ksid ;rejl ialkaOh ish,a,u jdf.a fõ.fhka msgg

úislsÍu fya;=fjka yosisfha tys oSma;sh úYd,jYfhka jeäùu& idudkH isÿùuls'

wmf.a ËSrm: ukaodlsKsfha iEu jir 100 hlgu iqm¾fkdajd ;=kla muk

wfmaËd l< yel'

fuu ,sms fmf,ys m%.;sh;a iu. w.a.{ iQ;%h fifuka úia;r lsÍug wfmalaId

lrñ'

5'flfia fj;;a" fuu f,dalfha ish¨ ixl; W;amdo ù urKhg m;ajk wdldrh

.ek oek .ekSug wjYH ;rï uQ,sl uÜgfï oyï lrekq fuu m%ldYkfhka

fuf;la Tn fj; bosßm;a lr we;af;ñ'

wm fuysoS idlÉPd lrkafka — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ hkqfjka y÷kajk mod¾:j, l=vdu

tallfhys uQ,drïNh muks' fuu mod¾: tallh mrudkqjlska ì,shkhlska

fldgilg;a jvd l=vdh' uE;lajk ;=reu kùk úoHdj úYajdi lf<a mrudkqj

mod¾:fhys l=vdu tallh f,ihs' tfy;a mrudkqj —uQ,sl wxY= rdYshl

ixhqla;hla nj;a tA —uQ,sl wxY=˜mjd fndfydajQ jHqyhkaf.ka iukaú; jk nj

fidhdf.k we;' fuu tallh fl;rï l=vd oehs hkak .ek meyeos<s oelaula

420

fuf;la ia:dms; ù ke;'we;a;jYfhkau fï fudfyd;jk úg úoHdjg

—mod¾:˜iy —Yla;sh˜ w;r fjki y÷kd.; fkdyel' ksoiqkla jYfhka" —ys.aia

fndfidka H0 ˜ hkq Yla;s meleÜgqjla muks'

mod¾: iy Yla;sh w;r iïnkaO;dj m%isoaO iólrKh jk"

E ^Yla;sh& = m ^ialkaOh& x c2 ^ wdf,dalfha fõ.h& olajd we;'

tfyhska mod¾:hl ´kEu l=vd tallhla Yla;s meleÜgqjlska fjkalr

y÷kd.; fkdyel' ksoiqkla jYfhka wm ols;d wdf,dalh wm fj; ,Õdfjkafka

f*dafgdak ^photon & jYfhka y÷kajk meleÜgq jYfhks' tfyhska fï wkqj

f*dafgdakh mod¾: hls'—fï f,dalfha ˜ mj;akd ish,a,u uQ,sl uÜgfïoS

—mod¾: ˜fyda —Yla;sh˜ jYfhka kï l< yel'

fuu uQ,sl uÜgfïoS —mod¾:˜iy —Yla;sh˜ w;r fjki wmeyeos,sh'

6'ish¨ mod¾: ilia ù we;s uQ,sl tallh jk — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ hkq Yla;s

meleÜgqjls' ty wvx.= Yla;sh wmg fmfkkakdjQ wdf,dal f*dafgdakhg jvd

m%udkfhka b;du;a wvq uÜgul we;' wdf,dal f*dafgdakhl wvx.= Yla;s

m%udkhg iudk lsÍug wkka; wm%udk — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ m%udkhla wjYHfõ'

ixl;hla jk — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ ukiska ks¾udkh ^ ujhs& lrhs' Tn fndfyda

fofkl=g fuh úiauhckl fohla úh yelsjqj;a bosßfhaoS ta i|yd idËs Tn

fj; f.kyer olajkakï' nqÿkajykafia —ufkda mqínx.ud Oïud ˜ tkï uki

ish,a,gu fmrgqfõ˜hhs foaYkd lf<a tfyhsks'

flfiafj;;a" wm wjg we;s iEu mod¾:hlau mdfya fndfyda wE; w;S;fhaoS"

ks¾udkh lf<a fuu —ufkda l%shdj,sh˜ u.sks' s w.a.{ iq;%fha i|yka jk l:dj

thhs' fï fudfydf;aoS mjd wm cjk Ñ;a; Tiafia — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ ukiska

ks¾udkh ^ ujhs& lrñka isà" tfy;a m%udkfhka b;d l=vdh'

Wiia wNs× Yla;sh we;s ´kEu flfkl=g ie,lsh hq;= m%udkhla mod¾:" u,la

fyda Bg úYd, jia;+ka ueùug yelsh' — Y=oaOdIagl ˜ uÜgfï mod¾: cjk

421

Ñ;a; u.ska ks¾udkh lrhs' Wiia wNs× Yla;sh we;s wfhl=g ie,lsh hq;=

m%udkhla mod¾: ks¾udkh lsÍug ;rï wLKvj cjk Ñ;a; .,d tk Ñ;a; ùÓ

mj;ajd .; yel'— Ñ;a; ùÓ - bkaøsh wdodk ilia lsÍu ˜ hgf;a " fï .ek

flá úia;rhla uu bosßm;a lr we;'

tfy;a fndfyda úg wm lrkafka jir ì,shk .kklg fmr ks¾udkh l< wuq

øjH ^ Y=oaOdIagl& fhdod.ksñka úúOdldr ixl; kej; ilia lsÍuhs'fuu uq,a

Y=oaOdIagl j, wdhq ld,h wka;#l,am ^ fyda wka;¾ l,am& 20 lg wdikakh'

uydl,amhl tjka wka;#l,am 80 la we;'

tfyhska" iuyrekaf.a jeros u;hla jk Y=oaOdIagl hl wdhq ld,h Ñ;a;ËK

17 la fkdj Y=oaOdIagl wdhq ld,h fndfyda os.h' kùk fN!;sl úoHdjg wkqj

iuyr uQ,sl wxY= ^ ksoiqkla jYfhka bf,lafg%dak& j,g os.= wdhq ld,hla we;'

tfyhska ish,a, Wodù ËKslj keiS hhs hk u;h idjoHh fõ' —´kEu jia;=jla

^rEm l,dm& mj;skafka É;a;ËK 17 muko@ ˜ lshjkak' wms u;=jg jvd;a

úia;r iys;j fuh idlÉPdjg Ndckh lruq'

lrekdlr fuu wjêfhaoS hï .eg¿jla we;akï fkdmels,j uf.ka úuikak'

fuu ,smsfhys wjfndaO lr .;hq;= lreKq rdYshla fõ" iuyrla ;j ÿrg;a fuh

wOHkh lsÍu;a iu. meyeos<s jkq we;'

7' Y=oaOdIagl ^ —Y=oaO˜ hkq msßisÿ fyda uQ,sl ¬ —wIagl ˜ fyda wg & hkq uQ,sl

jia;= wglskaa iukaú; mod¾: tallh hs'

bka i;rla jkafka —i;r uyd N+;˜ tkï mGú" wdfmda" f;afcda " jdfhda hk

i;rhs' fïjd we;a; jYfhkau mod¾: j, w;s uQ,sl tall fõ" tfy;a tajd

wkqidrfhkau" tu tall wkdjrKh lr .; fkdyel' i;r uyd N+;fhda

ks¾udkh lrkafka —.;s ˜ u.ska nj fndfyda fofkl=g úYajdi lsÍu myiq

fkdjkq we;' .;s .ek ,sms lsysmhlau fuys wvx.= fõ — wdl¾IKh " mqreÿ

^.;s& iy oeä wdYdjka ^wdij& ms<sn| kHdh˜ lshjkak' tfiau ksjk wjfndaO

lrkafka —wdij ˜ iy —.;s ˜ w;ayer oeófuks' tfukau wdij iy .;s

mj;skafkao tlguh" —ksjkg u. - wdij bj;a lsÍu˜ lshjkak'

422

uki" fuu i;r uyd N+; ^mGú" wdfmda" f;afcda " jdfhda & uq,oSu ks¾udkh

lrkafka ukqIHhdf.a uQ,sl .;s Ndú;d lrñks' mGú yd wkqrEmS ;o .;sh —o<

fyda f.dfrdaiq .;sh˜" wdfmda yd wkqrEmS oshr .;shg fhduq lrjk nef|k .;sh

fyj;a tlsfklg ne|Su" f;afcda yd wkqrEmS jk — .sks.;a nj fyda Yla;su;a ˜

hk woyiska f;acia .;sh" jdfhda yd wkqrEmS p,kh hk woyiska ief,k

.;sh' cjk Ñ;a; hkays fïjd ks¾udkh fõ'

fuu uQ,slu tall i;r jk i;r uyd N+; uki u.ska ks¾udkh lrkafka

wúÊcd fkdfyd;a wúoHdj ksidh' tjka wiaÒr øjHhkaf.a M,rys; nj fyda

yrj;a njla ke;s nj wmg wjfndaO fkdjk ksid wm tajdfhka iEÿk jia;+ka

whs;slr .ekSug wdYdlrhs'

fuu øjHuh foa i|yd we;s wdYdj ;kayd ksid we;sjk .;s i;rl j¾Okhg

fya;= fõ' wmf.a j¾Kkd lsÍfï keUqrej ksid i;r uyd N+; hkaf.a úúO

m%ldYkhka fia ;j;aa .;s hlaa jk — j¾K˜ ks¾udkh flf¾' tfiau" tajd yd

myi úkaOkh lsÍfï wdYdj ksid" wdikakj ;nd .ekSfï leue;a; ^ riai& iy

kej; tajd ckkh lsÍfï wdYdj ksid wmf.a .kaO" ri" ´cd kï ;j;a tall

;=kla ks¾udkh flf¾' fuysoS jeä úia;r bosßm;a fkdl<;a ñka uQ,sl woyi

,nd .kakg we;ehs is;ñ'

8' tfyhsska uQ,sl tall i;r jk mGú" wdfmda "f;afcda " jdfhda " yg.kafka

wúÊcdj ksidh iy wfkla i;r j¾K" .kaO " ri "iy ´cd yg.kafka ;kaydj

ksidh ' miqj i|yka l< i;r mGú" wdfmda "f;afcda " jdfhda ksido yg .kS

^ we;af;kau tajd mGú" wdfmda "f;afcda " jdfhda j, úúOdlr lïmkhka fõ &'

fN!;sl úoHd{hskg mjd wNsOïu w.h l< yels jk whqre jvd;a úia;r

u;=jg bosßm;a lrñ'

fuu wg fjk fjku yqol,dj ^ tal,khj& olakg fkd,efí' tajd Wodjkafka

tljrh" ´kEu Y=oaOdIagl hl fuu tall wgu olakg we;' tla tla tallfhys

idfmaË —m%udkh ˜ fjkia jk ksid iuyr Y=oaOdIagl j, tla j¾.hl tallhla

423

m%uqLj biau;=ù mej;sh yel' tfiajqj;a tall wgu hï m%udkhlg Y=oaOdIagl

hl mj;S' bka woyia jkafka —wúÊcd we;af;a fld;klo tys ;kaydj we; iy

tys m%;sf,dauho i;Hh˜ hkakgh'

fuu uQ,sl wjêh —N+;˜ wjêh fia ye|skafõ' N+; hk moh fyd,auka

ye|skaùugo fhdod .kafka tajd fidhd.ekSug wmyiq ksidh' N+; wkdjrKh lr

.; fkdyel —olakg˜yelafla nqÿkajykafiag muks'

tfiau Y=oaOdIagl fnod fjkal, fkdyels ksid —wúksífnda. rEm l,dm ˜ fia

ye|ska fõ'tfyhska —.;s wkqj —N+;˜ yg.kS tfiau Y=oaOdIagl yg.kafka N+;

ixfhda. ùfuks' uQ,sl wjêfhaoS udfkda Yla;sh mod¾: njg m;ajkafka fufiah'

wNsOïu ;j ÿrg;a yodroaoS fuh isys ;nd.ekSu jeo.;ah'

Y=oaOdIagl w;s úYd, ixLHdjla tlg tl;= ù jvd >k wjêhla jk —uyd N+;˜

iEfoa' n%yauhskaf.a iy iuyr .kaOínhskaf.a ishqï YÍr fuu uyd N+;hskaf.ka

iEoS we;' fuu uÜgfï —>kSlrKh˜ Yla;sh jYfhka ixikaokh l< úg th

os.= ;rx. wdhdu mrdifha úoHq;a pqïnl úlSrKh (electromagnetic radiation at

long wavelength range) fuks' tfyhska tjka jia;=jla wmg mshú weiska oelsh

fkdyel'

N+; hska fidhd.; yels —N+; wkdjrK ˜ uDÿldx. ^ Ghost detector apps& rdYshla oeka fj<|fmdf<a we;' oekg th úfkdaoh i|yd lrkakdjq fohla jqj;a

th kqÿre wkd.;fhaoS ksrjoH ixl,amh nj meyeos<s fõú' fuu —N+; wkdjrK

˜ uDÿldx. u.ska wmf.a mshú oEig fkdfmfkk Yla;s melÜgq wkdjrKh lr

.; yel'

wmf.a mshú weig olakg yelafla fuu uyd N+; w;s úYd, m%udkhla tlaù

jvd;a >kSlrKh jQ úgh' fuu w;sYhska >kSlrKh jQ wjêfhaoS mod¾: —Od;=˜

jYfhka ye|skafõ' tfyhska wmf.a isrere ilia ù we;af;a wmg olakg yels

fuu Od;= fldgia j,sks' >k jia;+ka mGú Od;= hhs y÷kajkafka tfyhsks" tjka

jia;+ka j, Y=oaOdIagl j, m%uqL;ajh .kafka mGú fõ' oshr j, tall tlg

ne|S tlg .,dhkafka tajdfha we;af;a fndfyduhlau wdfmda Od;= ksidh' .sks

424

mukla fkdj Yla;su;a fmkqula we;s iEu fohlu jeäjYfhka we;af;a

f;afcdah' tfiau iQ<Õ mukla fkdj mdù p,khg ,lajkakdjQ iEu fohlu

jeäfhka we;af;a jdfhdah'

9' tfyhska mGú" wdfmda "f;afcda " jdfhda hk mo j,g fmd<j" c,h" .skaor iy

iq<Õ hk woyiaj,g jvd .eUqre w¾: we;s nj meyeos<sh' mqrd;k .%Slhka

fuu mo Ndú;d lf,A wehs@ l¾u ^ lïu hkakg fhdok ixialD; mohhs&"

ks¾jdk ^ md,s ksíndk& wdkdmdk wdosh tho yskaÿ wd.fuys Ndú;d lrkakdjq

fya;=juh'

fuu uyd l,amfhys ^ wmf.a fi!r.%y uKav,h mj;skakdjq ld,fhysoS& f.da;u

nqÿkajykafiag fmr nqÿjre ;=ka kul my< jQ fial' f.da;u nqÿkajykafiag

fmr isg tu mo Ndú;djQfha tfyhsks' fmr nqÿjrekaf.ka m%ldYhg m;a tu

l,ams; mrïmrd .kkla ;siafia fï olajd iïfm%AYKh ùu ksid;a ld,hdf.a

wejEfuka woyia úlD; ù we;'

udkj b;sydih jir oi oyia .kklg jvd oS¾>h' uyd m%cdjka úkdY lrñka

uydoaùm mjd uqyqfoa .s,S f.dia we;' fuh fuf;la jeo.;a fia i,ld ke;"

tfy;a ta i|yd idËs we;'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged_continent lshjkak' th iqÿiq idËs ,enqkq miq úuid ne,sh yel' th ikd: l< yels jk

wfkla lrekla jkafka lsisu tjka úm¾hdihlg ,la fkdjQ Y%S ,xldj" bkaoshdj

iy Ökh we;=¿ wdishdj .ek úu¾Ykh lsÍfuks' mqrdúoHd{hska mqrdúoHd;aul

fldr;=re fidhd ne,sh hq;af;a wm%slfõ fkdj fuu m%foaYj,h “Ancient teeth

found in China challenge modern human migration theory lshjkak'

ud ny;a i|yka l<dla fuka f.da;u nqÿkajykafiag fmr nqÿjre ;sfofkla

nqoaO;ajhg m;aù we;' mGú" wdfmda "f;afcda " jdfhda iy lïu iy ksíndk jeks

iuyr jeo.;a mo f.da;u nqÿkajykafiag fmr isgu Ndú;d ùug fya;=j thhs'

tu l,ams; mrïmrd .kkla ;siafia fï olajd iïfm%AYKh ùu ksid;a ld,hdf.a

wejEfuka woyia úlD; ù we;'

425

;%smsglfha ienE w¾: úlD;s ùu .;jQ jir 2500 ;=, fuu nqoaO Ydikfhao

lsysmjrlau isÿù we;' fyd|u ksoiqk jkafka miq.ah jir 100 ;=, ix" ixidr"

wksÉp iy wk;a: jeros f,i jgyd .ekSuhs'—ix hkq l=ulao @ ixidr hkafkys

woyi @˜ iy —wksÉp"ÿlaL" wk;a:- idjoH w¾: ksrEmkh˜ lshjkak'

tfy;a" f.da;u nqoaO Ydikh jir 5000 la mj;sk nj f.da;u nqÿkajykafia

jod< fial' wm fuf;la bka .; lr we;af;a wvla muks' nqoaO Oïu kej; u;=

jkafka tfyhsks' j¾;udkfhaoS wka;¾cd,h ksid thg ukd meje;aula we;'

tfyhska wm kùk úoHdj ,nd ÿka wfkla ;dËKsl úYauhkag jvd wka;¾cd,

;dËKh ìys lsÍu .ek kùk úoHdjg wmf.a lD;{;djh oelaúh hq;=h'

10' by; wxl 8 ys i|yka l< —N+; wkdjrK ˜ uDÿldx. ^ Ghost detector apps& j,ska hQ áhqí ys we;s ùäfhdajka fuys oelafjk fjí wvúhg f.dia krUkak'

tajd úoHq;a pqïnl Yla;s melÜgq (packets of electromagnetic energy) wkdjrKh lr.kakd WmlrK ñi fjk lsisjka fkdfõ'

Oïu hkq fudkjdo@ - .eUqre úYaf,aIKhla

1' fuu ud;Dldj hgf;a úuikafka b;d .eUqre oyuls ^ tfy;a wNsOïuh

yodrd ke;s whg mjd wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiq jk wkaoñka ilid we;ehs

is;ñ&' hï ;elk wmyos<s njla we;akï lrekdlr ud wu;kak'

hula iam¾Y lsÍu" wd>%dKh lsÍu " iy ri ne,Su wdosfhaoS fuka fkdj ndysr

f,dalh ^mod¾:& yd iDcqj .eàula fyda iam¾Yhla wmf.a weia" lka yd uki

iu. we;s fkdfõ'

426

wmf.a fN!;sl bkaøshka mfyka ndysr f,dalh ta whqßkau w;aolsk w;r wmf.a

ukiska wka;¾l%shd lrkafka tu ndysr f,dalh .ek wmf.au —ixcdkkhka

^m%;HËlrkakdjQ foa& " ú|sñ" ie,iqñ iy wfmaËdjka ˜ h'

fï lreKq fol .ek jeä úia;r u;=jg bosßm;a lrkafkuq' tfy;a fuu

,smsfhka uki yd iïnkaOj Oïu hkq fudkjdoehs úuid n,uq' bka by; oelajQ

lrekq fol .ek u;= oskl úuid ne,Sug Wmldr jkq we;s'

—wNsO¾uh - ye|skaùu˜ hgf;a ud f.kyer oElajQjdfia ´kEu flfkl=g wNs

Oïu ir,j wjfndaO lr.; yels wkaoug bosßm;a lsÍu udf.a taldhk

wNsm%dhhs' wmf.a øjHhuh fN!;sl f,dalh wjfndaO lr .ekSfïoS nqoaO Oïu"

úoHdjg ^ lafjdkagï hdka;%Kh& jvd fnfyúka bosßfhka nj Tnf.a wjOdkhg

úfYaIfhkau ,la l< hq;=j we;' úoHdj fuf;la uki .fõIKh lsÍu .ek

wjOdkhla fhduq lrj;a ke;'

2' N+ñ ;, 31 ka hq;a —fï f,dalfha ˜ meje;au kv;a;= ^ mj;ajd.k hkafka&

lrkafka —fñ f,dalfha ˜ mj;sk —foa j,a ˜ j,g wmf.a we;s we,Su " ne|Su hs'

fuys — foaj,a ˜ hhs i|yka jkafka rEm h' ^ fjk;a jpkfhka fufia mejish

yel(—fñ f,dalfha ˜ N+ñ ;, 31 mj;ajd.k hkafka —fñ f,dalfha ˜ mj;akd rEm

j,g wmf.a we;s ne|Suhs&'

wmf.a uki fuu ndysr rEm iam¾Y l< úg wdiajdo hkqfjka y÷kajk" b;d

ixËsma; m%S;shla ckkh lrhs' —wdiajdo ^ ukiska f.dv k.d.;a iqL& wdoSkj

^ whym;a m%;sM,&" ksiairK ^ w;ayeÍu& ˜ lshjkak' fuu bkaøsh yeÕSï

iam¾Yhka m%s;s ckl hhso tfiau os.= ld,Skj mj;Shhso ^ tajd ,nd .ekSu

msKsi ú|skakdjQ ÿl fkdi,ld yßhs& wm m%;HlaI lrk ksid leue;af;kau tu

bkaøsh ika;¾mkfhka ,nkakdjQ iqLhg wdYd lrhs '

427

flfia fj;;a" yg.kakd ´kEu rEmhla wkfmaËs; fjkiaùï ^ úmßkdu& j,g

yd wjidkfhaoS crdjg iy úkdYhg Ndckh fõ" th wksÉp iajNdjfha

mokuhs'

3' jeä úia;r iys;j idlÉPd fkdl< wfkla idOlh jkafka" rEm j, iqúfYaI

rgdj fyda .=kh ^ Texture fndfyda úg hï u;=msgl iam¾Yhg oefkk .;sh&

mj;akd úúO uÜgï fyda >k;ajh hs'

ukqIH f,dalfha ^ N+ñ ;,fha& iy wmf.a N+ñ;,hg my,ska we;s wfkla N+ñ

;,j, wm w;aolskakjQ rEm >k;aajfhka jeäu rEm fõ" tajd Od;+ kñka

ye|skafõ' wmg by,ska we;s foaj N+ñ;, j, we;af;a wmf.a weig fkdfmfkk

ishqï Od;= fõ' rEm f,dalj, rEmS n%yauhska g we;af;a b;d ishqï rEm jk uyd

N+; fõ' tfiau wrEm f,dalj, we;af;a mod¾: iEoS we;s l=vdu tallh jk

Y=oaOdIagl fhka iliajQ N+; ^rEm& j, wxY+ ud;%hla ^ yoh j;aa;= mukla&

mukla iy jvd;a ishqïjQ .;s h'

my; i|yka ,smsj, we;s ixl,am kej; úuid ne,Sug Tn leue;a;la

olajkafka hhs is;ñ'— ksjk yd iïnkaOj rEm hkq fudkjdo@ ˜" —mod¾:j,

wdrïNh- Y=oaOdIagl˜'

4' ndysr f,dalh w;a ú|skafka wmf.a fN!;sl bkaøshka mfyka nj iïm%odhdkQl+,

oeKSuhs' wm fofk;ska olS" folkska Y%jKh lrhs" kdifhka w.%Kdh lrhs"

osfjka ri oek.kS tfiau wmf.a isrefrka jia;+ka j, myi ,nhs'

hfula w;a ú|skafka tmuko@ wjg f,dalfhka iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkajQ wkaOldr

l=áhl isákjd hhs Wml,amkh lrkak' ta i|yd" wE; w;S;fhaoS Ndú;d l<

yqol<d /|jqu hkqfjka y÷kajk hqo yuqod oŠqjka oSfï l%uh tkï hfula

iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkajQ wkaOldr l=áhl jrlg fndfyda meh .kkla r|jd ;eîu

ukd WodyrKhls'

428

tjekafkla ndysr f,dalh w;a ú|So@ tfiah' Tyqg$wehg fndfyda foaj,a .ek

is; fhduq l< yelsh( w;S;h isysm;a l< yelsh" wkd.;h .ek is;sh yel"

fyf;u wd .sh ;eka is;d ne,Su wdosh'

we;a;jYfhkau wm fujeks foa ´kEu oskhl lrhs" w;S;h isysm;a lsÍu mukla

fkdj iqÿiq wkd.; isoaëka .ek mßl,amkh lsÍu isÿ lrhs'

5'wmf.a fN!;sl bkaøshka myg wu;rj ,nkakdjq bkaøsh myi ,efnkafka

ihjk bkaøsh yeÕSu f.k tk ukiskah' hfula ndysr f,dalh .ek

iïmQ¾Kfhkau wjOdkfhka f;dr jkafka uq ukskau isys úix{jQ úg muks'

tfiakï wmf.a ukiska w;a ú|skakdjQ rEm fudkjdo@ nqoaO foaYkdfõ fuu md,s

mdGfhys i|yka wdldrhg tajd Oïu fõ(

ukkap máÉp Oïfïp WmamoaO;s ufkda ú×kx"

Oïu uk bkaøsh yd .eàu fyda iïnkaO ùu ksid ufkda ú[a[dKh yg .kS'

6' úúOdldr bkaøsh wdodk ksid Wodjk ú[a[dK wNsOïufhys fufia úia;r

lrhs(

ldhkap máÉp fmdÜgín WmamoaO;s ldh ú×kx"

ðõykap máÉp ri WmamoaO;s ðõyd ú×kx"

>dkkap máÉp .kaO WmamoaO;s >dk ú×kx"

pl=kap máÉp rEfmp WmamoaO;s plaLq ú×kx"

fida;kap máÉp ioao WmamoaO;s fida; ú×kx" iy

ukkap máÉp Oïfïp WmamoaO;s ufkda ú×kx"

tfyhska" ufkda ú[a[dKh Wodjkafka uk bkaøsh yd Oïu .eàfuka fyj;a

iïnkaO ùfuks' ta whqßkau jkak rEm fyda wdf,dalh plaLq bkaøsh ^ weia& yd

iïnkaO ùfuka plaLq ú[a[dKh Wodfõ fyda ioao rEm ^ Yío ;rx. & fida;

bkaøsh ^ lka& yd iïnkaO ùfuka fida; ú[a[dKh Wodfõ'

429

ldh ú[a[dKh Wodjkafka fndfyda r¿ fmdÜgín fyda Od;= ksid ,nk myi

fyda .eàï ksid" iy ufkda ú[a[dKh Wodjkafka w;sYh ishqï Oïu yd .eàu

ksidh'

7' tfyhska wmf.a ndysr f,dalh yd .eàï fyda iïnkaO ihdldrh tu myfia

fyda .eàfï r¿nj u; j¾. l< yel'

lh yd .eàu ^ myi& fukau" rih" iy .kaO r¿ iïnkaO fyda .eàï fõ¦

tajdg iDcq myi ^ fmdÜgín&" fukau >k wxY=uh øjHh ^ ri yd .kaO& yd

.eàï wvx.= fõ'

oDIaáh hkq wdf,dal wxY= ^ f*dafgdak Photons& fN!;sl wei yd we;sjk wka;¾

l%shdjls' 1920 uq,a ld,fhaoS whskaiaghska "fldïgka iy wfkla wh wdf,dalh

wxY=jl hhs ;yjqre lrK f;la wdf,dalh wxY= jYfhka mj;akd fohla hhs

úoHdj ie,l=fõ ke;'

fN!;sl úoHdfõ NdIdfjka Yío f*dfkdkaia j, Yla;sh wdf,dal f*dfgdkaia

j, wvx.= Yla;shg jvd wvq m%udKhla fõ' tfyhska tajd jvd;a ishqïh'

8' YÍrfha bkaøsh oekSu ms<sn| uQ, øjH by; i|yka wdldrhg l%ufhka r¿

nfjka wvq ù hhs' lfka bkaøsh oekSu ms<sn| uQ, øjH wmg fmfkkakg we;s lka

fkdj lfkys b;d we;=,;ska msysgd we;s fnfyúka ixfõoS wjhj hla nj isys

hg .; hq;=h'

nqoaO Oïuhg wkqj ^ úoHdfjkao ikd: lr we;& tlsfklg m%;spdr olajk

jia;= folla wêlj Ndú;hg .kakd úgoS mjd oS¾> ld,hla mej;Sug kï tu

jia;= j, >k;ajh iudk úh hq;=h' ksoiqkla jYfhka jdfka oKavla oej oKvl

we;s,aÆ úg oej oKav blaukska f.ù hhs' tfy;a jdfka oŠQ folla ^fyda oej oŠq

folla& tlsfklg we;s,a j;a ;on, ydkshlska f;drj tajd os.= l,la mj;S'

430

tfyhska myi" .| iqj| " ri " oDIaáh ^ fmkSu& iy Y%jKh ^weiSu& i|yd

tu wkqms<sfj,g fya;=jk ndysr n,mEï jk myi" rifhka hq;a øjHh " .kaO"

wdf,dalh ^ f*dfgdakaia&" Yío ^ f*dfkdakaia& iy tajdg ixfõoS" ixcdkkh

lrkakdjQ bkaøshka o by; oelajQ wkqms<sfj,gu r¿ ;;a;ajfha isg ishqï njg

l%ufhka m;afõ'

9' bkaøsh oekSu ms<sn| uQ, øjH w;ßka jvd;a ishqï bkaøsh jkafka fud<h

we;=,; msysgd we;s —uk bkaøsh ˜ fõ' th fndfyda úg thalamus, amygdala fyda

hippocampus hk fud<fha fldgila w;ßka tlla úh yel' nqoaO Oïu hg

wkqj uk bkaøsh fud<h ;=, mj;akd nj;a weig fyda lkg iudk jk nj

i|yka' jeä úia;r u;=jg' ckm%jdofha tk ;=kajk wei uk bkaøshhs' th

k,,g msgqmiska msysgd we;s nj i|yka fõ'

uk bkaøsh yd .efgkakdjQ rEm Y=oaOdIagl j,g;a jvd ishqï jk w;r ;ju;a

mj;skafka —.;s wjia:dfjysh" tfy;a tajd Y=oaOdIagl njg mßj¾;kh fjñka

mj;S' tajd wNs× Yla;sfhka oel .ekS ug ;rï r¿ fkdjk w;r wfkla r¿

mxp bkaøshkag f.dapr jkafkao ke;' tfyhska tajd —wksoiaix wmamá.dka

Oïudh;k mßhm× rEmx ˜

fuys —wksoiaik ˜ hkq —oelsh fkdyels iy wmamá.d hkq — iam¾Y l< fkdyels

fyda b;d ishqï WmlrKhlg j;a ixfõoS fkdjk˜ hkakh' —Oïudh;k

mßhm× rEmx.˜ hkq Oïudh;k fyda uk bkaøsh u.ska mukla iam¾Y l< yels

hkakhs'

10' wxY= ud;%hla jk mod¾: uQ, O¾ujk Y=oaOdIagl" wúÊcd fya;=fldg yg

.kakd ñksidf.a uQ,sl .;s i;r mokï lrf.k" ukiska ks¾udkh lrk

wdldrh —mod¾: j, wdrïNh - Y=oaOdIagl˜ ,smsfhys idlÉPd lf<uq' wúÊcd

fya;=fldg yg .kakd ñksidf.a uQ,sl .;s i;r(mGú yd wkqrEmS ;o .;sh —o<

fyda f.dfrdaiq .;sh˜" wdfmda yd wkqrEmS oshr .;shg fhduq lrjk nef|k .;sh

fyj;a tlsfklg ne|Su" f;afcda yd wkqrEmS jk — .sks.;a nj fyda Yla;su;a ˜

hk woyiska f;acia .;sh" jdfhda yd wkqrEmS p,kh hk woyiska ief,k

431

.;sh' fuu fN!;sl øjHhkag we;s wdYdj fyj;a ;kaydj ksid ;j;a .;s

i;rla yg.kS' hula .ek w;sYfhdala;sfhka is;Sug ^ j¾Kkd lsÍug& wmf.a

we;s keUqrej ksid i;r uyd N=; hkaf.a fjk;a m%ldYk jYfhka ;j;a .;shla

jk —j¾K ˜ ks¾udkh fõ' ta wdldrfhkau" ;j;a tall ;=kla jk .KaO" ri iy

´cd ks¾udKh jkafka tajdfha myi ,eîug yd ;ud ika;lj wdikakj ^ riai&

;nd .ekSug yd tajd m%;s ckkh lsÍug we;s wYdjg iurEmS ;kaydj ksidh'

11' fuu fjkal< fkdyels tAll wg mod¾: fia y÷kajk foa f;la >kSSlrKh

ùug fmr we;af;a .;s j, m%drïN wjia:djhs" .;s j¾Okh ù Y=oaOdIagl

wjêfhysjQ N+; yg.kS'uyd N+; yg.kafka N+; ;j ÿrg;a >kS lrKh

ùfukah' n%yauhskaf.a ishqï rEm uyd N+; j,ska iukaú;h'

rEm hkaf.a .;s wjêh - rEm j, uQ,drïNh - tajdg ufkda rEm hhso lshkq

,efí' fïjd wm ukfiys ujd .kakd foah' wmg w;S;fha isÿùïj, fkdhla

o¾Yk isf;ys ujd .; yelsh" tajd ufkda rEmh '

12' uyd N+; ;j ÿrg;a >kSlrKh ùfuka Od;= yg .kS' foaj f,dal jdiSkaf.a

isrere iEoS we;af;a ishqï Od;= j,sks' wmf.a YÍrfukau wm wjg we;s øjHuh

ish,a, iEoS we;af;a >K Od;= j,sks'

tfyhska iEu øjHuh fohl uQ,drïNh —.;s ˜ h æ tfy;a wmf.a .;s ^ idudkH

ñkaiqkaf.a & ie,lsh hq;= m%udkhlg Y=oaOdIagl j;a yg .ekSug ;rï m%uqL

fkdfõ' tfyhska w.a.{ iQ;%fha i|yka jk mßos wmf.a f,dalfha mj;akd

fN!;sl >k jia;+ka ks¾udkh jQ wdldrh meyeos<s lr oSug fmr ;j fndfyda

Oïu fldgia wOHhkh l< hq;=j we;'

13' wei oDYH f;dr;=re fyda lK Yío ,nd .kakd fiau" —uk bkaøsh ˜ Oïu

.%yKh lrhs' Oïu" wdf,dal fyda Yío rEm j,g jvd ishqïh' we;a;jYfhkau"

fN!;sl bkaøshka myu lghq;= lrkafka Y=oaOdIagl j,ska iukaú;jQ >kjQ wxY=

Tiafia iïfm%aIKh lrkakdjq ix{d iu.h' tfy;a Oïu hkq wm —mod¾:˜

^øjHh& fia y÷kajkakdjQ foag jvd l=vdjq yqÿ Yla;sh muks' we;a;jYfhkau

fndfyda fN!;sl úoH{hska mjd wdf,dalh mod¾: fyda —wxY=˜ fia fkdi,lhs'

432

wdf,dal f*dafgdak" lafjdkagï hdka;% úoHdjg wkqj" we;a;jYfhkau wxY= nj

uu fjk;a ,smshl ,shkakï'

—mod¾: j, wdrïNh - Y=oaOdIagl˜ ,smsfhys i|yka l< wdldrhg" tla wdf,dal

wxY=jla ^f*dafgdak& mjd ilia ù we;af;a —Y=oaOdIagl˜ w;s úYd, ixLHdjlsks'

—Y=oaOdIagl˜ ks¾udkh lrkafka uki u.sks' Oïu —Y=oaOdIagl˜ j, uq,a wjêh

jYfhka ie,lsh yel' fïjd we;a; jYfhkau ukfiys cjk Ñ;a; u.ska

ks¾udkh lrkakdjQ lïñl Yla;s melÜgq fõ' fïjd Wodjkafka wmf.a .;s fya;=

fldg f.kh' uki yd mod¾: w;r iïnkaOh fuh fõ æ

14' tfyhska wmf.a ukig øjHhuh f,dalh yd wka;¾l%shd lsÍug bkaøsh ihu

bv i,ihs' wm we;af;ksu f,da; folla yd wka;¾l%shd lrhs( øjHuh ^fN!;sl&

f,dalh iy ufkda f,dalh fyda ufkda ;,h'

iÔù mqoa.,fhl=f.a mxplkaO fhys f,dal foflkau tk ixrpl we;'

rEmlKaaO ksfhdackh lrkafka øjHhuh f,dalh yd wka;¾l%shd jk w;r wfkla

lKaaO i;r jk fõokd" ix× " ixldr "ú×K ufkda f,dalh ^ ufkda ;,h&

ksfhdackh lrhs'iEu iÔù mqoa.,fhlau mxplKaO yd ne|S we;' mxplKaO

fhka f;dr iÔù mqoa.,fhla ke;s nj nqÿkajykafia foaYkd l< fial'

rEmlKaOj, wvx.= úúOdlr rEm —Y=oaOdIagl˜ u; mokï fõ'Oïu hkq uQ,sl

jYfhka —Y=oaOdIagl˜ wjêhg >kSlrKh fkdjQ Yla;s melÜgqh'

15' cjk Ñ;a;fhys mj;sk uki —Y=oaOdIagl˜ ks¾udkh lsÍu uq,skau wdrïN

lrkafka .;s jeä oshqkq lsÍfuks' wfisjkd mÉphd hgf;a ,smshlska u;=jg

idlÉPd flfrk wdldrhg hï .;shla wkqj jeä jeäfhka l%shd lrkafkao tu

.;sh j¾Okh fõ'

.;shla j¾Okh ùu hkq we;a; jYfhkau lïu îc tla /ia ùuhs" tu lïu îc

ufkda ;,fha lïu Nj ;=, ;ekam;a fõ' uki tjka .;shlg .%dyS wjêhl

mj;S kï hful=f.a ukfiys tu .;s u;= úh yel' tfyhska th iajhxfmdaIs;

m%;spdr j<,a,ls ^ Self feeding feed back loop&'

433

fuh úmiaikdjg Ndckh l< hq;= jeo.;a lrekls' fínoafol= iqrd mdkhg

fmd<fUkafka ta ksidh fyda iQÿjg weíneysjQfjl= leisfkda I,lg hdug

fm<fUkafkao ta ksiduh' tjka .;s ke;s whg tjka fm<Uùï we;s fkdjkafka

uk bkaøsfha .eàug kej; kej; wdmiq tk wkqrEmS Oïu Tjqka i;=j ke;s

fyhskah'

fuhg wu;rj" —Ôjudk Oïu˜ ,smsfhys idlÉPd lrK wdldrhg tjka ´kEu

—krl .;s wvq lr mshjr foll l%uhlska l%ufhka w;ayer oeñh yel'

^µ&wod, l%shdjka wdhdifhka kj;d oeóu iy tu .;s we;sj,g fya;=jk

l%shdjka .ek iú×ksl is;sú,s f.dvke.Su

^µµ& fuu l%shdj,sh ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh wjfndaO lr .ekSu msksi nqoaO Oïu

wOHhkh lsÍu' tla m%Odk wx.hla jkqfha tu ls%hdjkaf.a wdoSkj .ek fufkys

lsÍu'

16' Oïu yg.kafka wm lrkakdjQ lïu ksid nj wjOdrKh flf¾' wm jv

jvd;a lïu tla/ia lrkafka kï Bg wkqrEmj Oïu j¾Okh ù .;s njg

m;afõ' Oïu hkq —ord isàu˜hs" hfula ord isákafka fyf;u leu;s foa fukau

;ud ksr;j isák foah' hfula —iqkL .;s ˜ jvhs kï fyf;u ord isákafka

thhs' tfiau pq;s máikaê fudfydf;aoS ;u ukig tkafkao thhs' th B,Õ

Njh ;Srkh lr iqkLfhl= f,i W;am;a;shla ^cd;s& ,nd fohs'

17' flfiafj;;a" —Y=oaOdIagl˜ ks¾udkh lsÍu msKsi wkql%ñlj wLKavj .,d

tk Ñ;a; ùÓ á%,shkhla ^ì,shk oyila& wjYHh' tfyhska th idudkH

ukqIHfhl= w;ska isÿ fkdfõ' ta i|yd OHdK mukla fkdj iudm;a;shg iu

jeoSfï yelshdjo wjYHh' wNs× Yla;sh we;s whg b;d blaukska iudm;a;shg

iujeosh yel'

OHdKhl isák úg Ñ;a; hkg mxp bkaøshka lrd hdug ms<sjk" ksoiqkla

jYfhka ndysr Yío Y%jKh l< yelsh'

hfula iudm;a;shg iujeoS isák úg OHdK Ñ;a; fkdkej;S wLKavj

os.=ld,hla mqrd .,d hhs' tfyhska mxpoajdr Ñ;a; ùÓ j,g ta w;r ;=r oS

434

l%shd;aul úh fkdyel'tuksid iudm;a;shg iujeoS isák úg ndysr mßirh

.ek lsisjla fkdokS'

18' iudm;a;shg iujeoS isák úg OHdk Ñ;a; fkdkej;S .,d hk ksid iEu kj

cjk Ñ;a;hlau wfiajk mÉphd iys; fmr ;snQ Ñ;a;hg jvd m%n,h'wms fuh

miqj jvd;a úia;rd;aulj idlÉPd lruq'

wNs× Yla;sh we;s wfhl=g fN!;sl jia;+ka mjd ks¾udkh l< yelafla fï

wdldrhgh( hful=g u,l Ñ;%hla ukfiys ujd .k bkamiq iEu cjk Ñ;a; hla

u.ska jv jvd;a —Y=oaOdIagl˜ ks¾udkh lr b;d iq fudfyd;lska ienEu u,la

ks¾udkh l< yel'