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RICEREFERENCE

Crop Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Change Takeshi Horie, Jeffery T. Baker, Hiroshi Nakagawa,

Tsutomu Matsui and Han Yong Kim. 2000

Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

Shouchi Yoshida . 1981

CEREALS CROP

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Padi (Oryza sp)

Penghasil beras, pangan ke 2 dunia stlh gandum

Dikonsumsi 1.6 milyar penduduk dunia

Produksi 4 t/ha levelling off

Untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan beras dunia

peningkatan produksi minimal 46 % per tahun

Perubahan iklim dunia perkiraan produktifitas &

kontinyuitas produksi yang umumnya subsisten

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LATAR BELAKANG

1. Konsumsi per kapita 132 Kg/Th

2. Penduduk 220 juta jiwa

3. Kebutuhan beras Nasional 27,7 juta ton/Th

4. Produksi beras melandai (5 ton/ha)

5. Leveling of produktivitas padi inbrida

6. Keberhasilan padi hibrida di luar negeri (10 ton/ha)

7. Masalah-masalah lain dalam pembangunan pertanian a.l : dominasi beras sbg bahan pangan, alih fungsi lahan sawah,

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• Fakta : pemenuhan kebutuhan karbohidratpenduduk Indonesia saat ini didominasi oleh beras dan terigu.

• Indonesia harus mengimpor beras 3,0-3,5 juta ton dan 4,5 juta ton terigu per tahun dengan nilai devisa yang sangat tinggi.

• Ketergantungan terhadap beras dapat diperlonggar dengan penganekaragaman pangan melalui perubahan citra bahan pangan pokok selain beras.

• Pengubahan citra bahan pangan selain beras khususnya yang secara alami inferior harus dilakukan melalui tahapan pengembangan produk atau pengolahan menjadi bentuk komoditas baru yang lebih menarik, dan perlu diperkaya dengan nutrisi.

• Jika sikap dan perilaku masyarakat tentang pangan tidak segera dibenahi, kesulitan pangan yang lebih besar akan menghadang masa depan bangsa Indonesia.16/9/2013 4LSB TPT

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Produksi, Konsumsi dan Import

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KALENDER POLA TANAM TIGA

KALI PANEN PER TAHUN

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Three Growth Phase

1. Vegetative (germination to panicle

initiation);

2. Reproductive (panicle initiation to

flowering); and

3. Ripening (flowering to mature grain)

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RICE

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Rice growth stages and Development

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Glossary• Booting. The bulging of the leaf sheath due to increase in size of the young panicle and its upward

extension inside the upper leaf sheath.

Coleoptile. The cylinder-like protective covering of the young plumule.

Caryopsis. The dehulled rice grain.

Dough grain. The stage when the milky portion of the grain turns into a soft mass and later into a hard

mass.

Egg. The female ovum, pertaining to reproductive cells.

Fertilization. The union of the pollen (male) and the egg (female) initiating reproduction.

Floret. A unit of the spikelet, including the lemma, palea, and the flower.

Flowering. The stage when the anthers of the terminal spikelets protrude and shed pollen.

Germination to emergence. The period which is signified by the coming out of the radicle or coleoptile

from the germinating embryo.

Heading. The emergence or coming out of the panicle from the flag leaf sheath

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Manual transplanter

Seedling Planting System

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Motorized transplanter16/9/2013 25LSB TPT

In seed sowing activity, only the lowest holes are opened

BAYER CROP SCIENCE MODIFIED SEEDER

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USING THE BCS MODIFIED SEEDER

BAYER CROP SCIENCE MODIFIED SEEDER

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BCS MODIFIED SEEDER

RESULT

SEEDS STICK TO

WET SOIL

MAY PROTECT THE SEED LOST FROM

RAIN FALL

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DIRECT SEEDED

RICE 21 DAS

USING BSC MODIFIED

SEEDER

BCS’s DSR, 37 DAS

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S R I

SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

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SISTEM BUDIDAYA PADI HIBRIDA DI INDONESIA

• Produksi benih CMS (A)

• Produksi benih Hibrida

• Pertanaman Hibrida

Produksi Benih CMS :

A Steril

BFertil X

A Steril

RFertil XProduksi Benih Hibrida :

F1Hibrida

Fertil 16/9/2013 39LSB TPT

Cara Budidaya :

Padi sawah

Padi sawah tadah hujan

Padi lahan kering/gogo

Padi pasang surut/rawa

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Produksi Padi

Asia Timur, Tenggara & Selatan 90 % prod dunia

Oryza glaberina - Afrika Barat

Oryza sativa indica - South of Yangtze river, China

japonica - China, Japan, Thai

javanica - Indonesia

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Wheat

Gandum

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Introduction

• Wheat is the single most important crop on a

global scale

• Used for human & animal nutrition

• World annualy production 600 M t

• Provides 20 % energy & 25 % protein

6.6 billion people of the world

• Global Environmental Change (GEC) great

consequence for wheat production human

food supplies

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Global Wheat Production

• Gandum tumbuh dari daerah antartika -

ekuator, 0 - 3000 m dpl, terbaik 30 - 50 LU

atau 25 - 40 LS

• Produksi dunia 600 Mt Asia : Cina &

India 150 Mt, Rusia 100 Mt, Amerika 100 Mt,

Eropa 100 Mt, Australia

• Diekspor ke Jepang, Egypt, Indonesia

• Produktivitas 10 t/ha

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GANDUM DI INDONESIA

• Penggiling/penumbuk gandum

menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT

Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills

• Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun

• Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya

• 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 %

• 1 kg terigu Rp 3.000 (Nop 2003)

15 mangkok mie

• Tanaman gandum di ndonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian

• Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18C)16/9/2013 45LSB TPT

WHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVA16/9/2013 46LSB TPT

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Maize (Zea mays L.)

Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes :

1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein),

2. feed for livestock (two -thirds of total in feed grains).

3. raw material or many industrial products;

• Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1);

• Have C4 photosynthetic pathway;

• Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year

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The cultivars can be divided into groups according to

the structure of the grain

1. Dent maize - Zea mays indentata Sturt

The side of the grain have corneous endosperm &

soft white starch. Yellow or white. Maize of USA

2. Flint maize - Zea mays indurata Sturt

The grain have many colour forms, hard endosperm

with a little soft starch in the centre. Asia, Africa, USA, Europe

3. Popcorn - Zea mays everata Sturt

The grains are small with very hard corneous

endosperm with a little soft starch in the centre

4. Sweet corn - Zea mays saccharata Sturt

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JARAK TANAM TANAM 75 X 30 CM ; 2 BIJI PER LUBANG

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PEMBUBUNAN DAN PENYIANGAN 14 HST

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PEMELIHARAAN TANAMAN

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SAMPAI MINGGU DEPAN

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