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RICEREFERENCE
Crop Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Change Takeshi Horie, Jeffery T. Baker, Hiroshi Nakagawa,
Tsutomu Matsui and Han Yong Kim. 2000
Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science
Shouchi Yoshida . 1981
CEREALS CROP
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Padi (Oryza sp)
Penghasil beras, pangan ke 2 dunia stlh gandum
Dikonsumsi 1.6 milyar penduduk dunia
Produksi 4 t/ha levelling off
Untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan beras dunia
peningkatan produksi minimal 46 % per tahun
Perubahan iklim dunia perkiraan produktifitas &
kontinyuitas produksi yang umumnya subsisten
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LATAR BELAKANG
1. Konsumsi per kapita 132 Kg/Th
2. Penduduk 220 juta jiwa
3. Kebutuhan beras Nasional 27,7 juta ton/Th
4. Produksi beras melandai (5 ton/ha)
5. Leveling of produktivitas padi inbrida
6. Keberhasilan padi hibrida di luar negeri (10 ton/ha)
7. Masalah-masalah lain dalam pembangunan pertanian a.l : dominasi beras sbg bahan pangan, alih fungsi lahan sawah,
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• Fakta : pemenuhan kebutuhan karbohidratpenduduk Indonesia saat ini didominasi oleh beras dan terigu.
• Indonesia harus mengimpor beras 3,0-3,5 juta ton dan 4,5 juta ton terigu per tahun dengan nilai devisa yang sangat tinggi.
• Ketergantungan terhadap beras dapat diperlonggar dengan penganekaragaman pangan melalui perubahan citra bahan pangan pokok selain beras.
• Pengubahan citra bahan pangan selain beras khususnya yang secara alami inferior harus dilakukan melalui tahapan pengembangan produk atau pengolahan menjadi bentuk komoditas baru yang lebih menarik, dan perlu diperkaya dengan nutrisi.
• Jika sikap dan perilaku masyarakat tentang pangan tidak segera dibenahi, kesulitan pangan yang lebih besar akan menghadang masa depan bangsa Indonesia.16/9/2013 4LSB TPT
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Produksi, Konsumsi dan Import
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KALENDER POLA TANAM TIGA
KALI PANEN PER TAHUN
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Three Growth Phase
1. Vegetative (germination to panicle
initiation);
2. Reproductive (panicle initiation to
flowering); and
3. Ripening (flowering to mature grain)
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RICE
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Rice growth stages and Development
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Glossary• Booting. The bulging of the leaf sheath due to increase in size of the young panicle and its upward
extension inside the upper leaf sheath.
Coleoptile. The cylinder-like protective covering of the young plumule.
Caryopsis. The dehulled rice grain.
Dough grain. The stage when the milky portion of the grain turns into a soft mass and later into a hard
mass.
Egg. The female ovum, pertaining to reproductive cells.
Fertilization. The union of the pollen (male) and the egg (female) initiating reproduction.
Floret. A unit of the spikelet, including the lemma, palea, and the flower.
Flowering. The stage when the anthers of the terminal spikelets protrude and shed pollen.
Germination to emergence. The period which is signified by the coming out of the radicle or coleoptile
from the germinating embryo.
Heading. The emergence or coming out of the panicle from the flag leaf sheath
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Manual transplanter
Seedling Planting System
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Motorized transplanter16/9/2013 25LSB TPT
In seed sowing activity, only the lowest holes are opened
BAYER CROP SCIENCE MODIFIED SEEDER
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USING THE BCS MODIFIED SEEDER
BAYER CROP SCIENCE MODIFIED SEEDER
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BCS MODIFIED SEEDER
RESULT
SEEDS STICK TO
WET SOIL
MAY PROTECT THE SEED LOST FROM
RAIN FALL
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DIRECT SEEDED
RICE 21 DAS
USING BSC MODIFIED
SEEDER
BCS’s DSR, 37 DAS
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S R I
SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
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SISTEM BUDIDAYA PADI HIBRIDA DI INDONESIA
• Produksi benih CMS (A)
• Produksi benih Hibrida
• Pertanaman Hibrida
Produksi Benih CMS :
A Steril
BFertil X
A Steril
RFertil XProduksi Benih Hibrida :
F1Hibrida
Fertil 16/9/2013 39LSB TPT
Cara Budidaya :
Padi sawah
Padi sawah tadah hujan
Padi lahan kering/gogo
Padi pasang surut/rawa
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Produksi Padi
Asia Timur, Tenggara & Selatan 90 % prod dunia
Oryza glaberina - Afrika Barat
Oryza sativa indica - South of Yangtze river, China
japonica - China, Japan, Thai
javanica - Indonesia
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Wheat
Gandum
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Introduction
• Wheat is the single most important crop on a
global scale
• Used for human & animal nutrition
• World annualy production 600 M t
• Provides 20 % energy & 25 % protein
6.6 billion people of the world
• Global Environmental Change (GEC) great
consequence for wheat production human
food supplies
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Global Wheat Production
• Gandum tumbuh dari daerah antartika -
ekuator, 0 - 3000 m dpl, terbaik 30 - 50 LU
atau 25 - 40 LS
• Produksi dunia 600 Mt Asia : Cina &
India 150 Mt, Rusia 100 Mt, Amerika 100 Mt,
Eropa 100 Mt, Australia
• Diekspor ke Jepang, Egypt, Indonesia
• Produktivitas 10 t/ha
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GANDUM DI INDONESIA
• Penggiling/penumbuk gandum
menjadi tepung di Indonesia PT
Indofood Sukses Makmur Bogasari Flour Mills
• Kebutuhan terigu (tepung gandum) 3,2 juta ton/tahun
• Bahan utama pembuat roti, mie, martabak dan lainnya
• 70 % tepung gandum UKM; Indofood 18 %
• 1 kg terigu Rp 3.000 (Nop 2003)
15 mangkok mie
• Tanaman gandum di ndonesia baru pd tingkat penelitian
• Produktifitas 5 ton/ha di KPC (1.600 m dpl 18C)16/9/2013 45LSB TPT
WHEAT : VAR. DEWATA IN BROMO MOUNTAIN - EAST JAVA16/9/2013 46LSB TPT
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Maize (Zea mays L.)
Indian corn America; The third food crops globally, with three main purposes :
1. human food particulary in the tropic (energy & protein),
2. feed for livestock (two -thirds of total in feed grains).
3. raw material or many industrial products;
• Planted at : 1.423.000.000 km-2 588 Mt (4 t.ha--1);
• Have C4 photosynthetic pathway;
• Indonesia imported ± 1 million ton per year
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The cultivars can be divided into groups according to
the structure of the grain
1. Dent maize - Zea mays indentata Sturt
The side of the grain have corneous endosperm &
soft white starch. Yellow or white. Maize of USA
2. Flint maize - Zea mays indurata Sturt
The grain have many colour forms, hard endosperm
with a little soft starch in the centre. Asia, Africa, USA, Europe
3. Popcorn - Zea mays everata Sturt
The grains are small with very hard corneous
endosperm with a little soft starch in the centre
4. Sweet corn - Zea mays saccharata Sturt
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JARAK TANAM TANAM 75 X 30 CM ; 2 BIJI PER LUBANG
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PEMBUBUNAN DAN PENYIANGAN 14 HST
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PEMELIHARAAN TANAMAN
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SAMPAI MINGGU DEPAN
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