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NOUN Noun is a naming word of any place, thing, action, quality or nation etc. 1. Noun: word

Noun

NOUN Identification There are some clues to

identify a Noun. * A word used as the subject or object of a verb is Noun.

Beauty is truth I see a bird.

* The object of Gerund, Participle or Infinitive is a Noun.

To tell the truth is hard.

Reading books is always amusing.

Seeing a tiger, I turned pale.

* If you see a word used after the preposition, it is a Noun.

Love came from

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Heaven. He believes in God. * If you see only a word after articles (a, an, the) it is a Noun.

He is a genius. The rich are not

always happy. Classification of Nouns

word , , , , , ,

Noun - Noman is happy. (Noman ) Iron is a useful metal (Iron ) The cow gives us milk (The cow ) Dhaka is a big city. (Dhaka- ) The team is strong. (team- ) Honesty is the best policy. (Honesty- ) Noun 1. Concrete ( ) 2. Abstract Noun ( )

Concrete Noun: ( ) Noun-

Concrete Noun Alim, boy, hen, book, flower

Abstract Noun ( ) Noun ,

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Abstract Noun Abstract Noun

Honesty, kindness, freedom, illness, happiness, truth Note: Noun ness, tion, hood, ship, dom, ment, ism, th, ty, ce, cy Abstract Noun. goodness, education freedom, friendship, patience

2. Concrete Noun 1. Proper Noun. 2. Common Noun 3. Collective Noun 4. Material Noun. 1. Proper Noun: Noun , , Proper Noun Sami, Rahim, Dhaka, China, Japan Ahmed is a good boy. Dhaka is a big city. Ahmed Dhaka Proper Noun. Note: Proper Noun- Capital God Lord Proper Noun- Capital God Lord (/

) Proper Noun Capital

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2. Common Noun:

Noun

Common Noun Boy, girl, friend, man, women, pen, pencil, cow, dog, river, rose ) Nazrul is great poet. The rose is a nice flower. Azad is a good doctor. David Copperfield is a great novel. poet , flower , doctor , novel poet, flower, doctor novel Common Noun.

3. Collective Noun:

Noun

Collective Noun: Note: Collective Noun Sentence- Subject Verb Singular Neuter Gender

4. Material Noun:

Noun ,

, Material Noun gold, iron, water, rice, sugar, tea, milk, oil, petrol ) Iron is a useful metal. Gold is a precious metal. Man cant live without water. We eat rice.

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Nouns Formation word suffix prefix

parts of speech word

suffix prefix parts

of speech , example - Communicate (V.

) Communication (N.

) Communicative

(Adj. ) Communicable (Adj.

) Communicator (N.

) * Verb er/r (Suffix)

Noun

Speak = Speaker, Make = Maker, sing singer

* Verb ee/e Noun

Pay = Payee, Examine = Examinee

* Verb ery Noun

Bake = Bakery

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* Verb ar Noun

Beg = Beggar * Verb tion/ion

Noun express expression

emancipateemancipation apply application

eradicate - eradication

* Verb ment Noun

commit commitment embezzle embezzlement disappoint

disappointment * Verb iour

Noun Behave = Behaviour * Verb age

Noun Block = Blockage, Cover

= Coverage * Verb or

Noun Visit = Visitor, Act =

Actor inspect inspector invent

inventor * Verb ce

Noun Present = Presence, Absent

= Absence * Verb th

Noun Grow = Growth, Deep

= Depth

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* Verb al Noun

Refuse = Refusal, Propose = Proposal

* Verb y Noun

Discover = Discovery * Verb ance/ ence

Noun

eloquent eloquence coherent coherence

competent competence * Verb sion/ion

Noun Express = Expression,

Divide = Division

* Adjective ness Noun

great greatness conscious consciousness.

* Adjective cy Noun

Efficient = Efficiency, Proficient = Proficiency

* Adjective y Noun

Honest = Honesty, Modest = Modesty

* Adjective ship

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Noun Hard = Hardship * Adjective ity

Noun continuous continuity,

garrulous garrulity

* Adjective ism Noun

dynamic dynamism optimistic pessimism

euphemistic euphemism Previous Questions of

D.U. Test:

* Verb of the word "Justification" is

(B Unit 2004-2005)

A. justice @B. justify

C. justificable D. justifiably

* Verb of the word

(B Unit 2003-2004)

A. simply B. simplicity

C. simplistic @D. simplify.

* The word survival is a noun. What is its verb form? (B Unit 2002-2003)

A. survey B. service

@C. survive D. swerve

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* What is the noun of the adjective polite?

(C Unit 1997-1998)

A. Politic B. Polity

@C. Politeness D. Polished.

* Find out the noun from the following

(C Unit 1991-92)

A. National B. Nationally

C. Nationalise @D. Nationality.

Usage of Noun Rule # 1: Subject

Object word word Noun For Example: Happiness means different

things to different people. We have already evaluated

your performance. Allocation of resources is

the main theme of Economics. [Not allocate

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or allocated] Coherence is necessary for

writing. Fill in the gap with any one of

the following - * ______ is an ancient

source of energy. (A) The wind (B)

Winds @ (C) Wind (D)

A wind * Unless protected areas

are established the Royal Bengal Tigers will face-------- of extinction. (C Unit 2004 2005)

A. possible @B. the possibility

C. to be possible D. possibly

E. most possibly * ----- of this room will be

solD. (D Unit 1997 1998)

@A. The possession B. The position

C. The possessions D. Position

Rule # 2 : Preposition

noun -

For Example: English is used for

communication. He is good in English.

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He believes in honesty. He was craving for

affection. He depends on my

generosity.

Rule # 3: Common Noun

Collective Noun

sentence

,

Noun

Noun

Determiner (a,an, the,

this, that etc.)

Plural

A boy/ Boys is/are coming.

* Choose the correct sentence. (C- Unit 2003 04)

A. We take decisions based on some informations

B. We take decision based on some information

@C. We take decisions based on some information

D. We take a decision based on some informations

E. Both (A) and (C) above. Rule # 4: Article

Determiner

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word

word Noun

-

(i) Determiner + Noun :

The communication (ii) Determiner +Adjective

+ Noun : The communicative system

Rule # 5: The + Noun +

Preposition +

Determiner + Noun : The

possession of this room

For Example: The poverty of people in

the rural areas is not as visible as that of people in the city.

The history of this genetic engineering is not very old.

The work of many people made the project a success.

Fill in the gap with any one of the following-

* The ------ of pollution in the cities should not be overlooked by the authorities.

(D Unit 1996 1997)

A. affects B. effecting

C. affect @D. effects

* ____ of country-Western

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singers may be related to old English ballads.

@A. The music B. Music

C. Their music D. Musics

Rule # 6: Possessive,

Infinitive, Gerund

Participle

word

word Noun

form use

For Example: I like him for his honesty. I enjoyed seeing his

bravery. I wanted to know the

destination. To tell a lie is a great sin. Building house is very

costly. Seeing a child drawing, he

jumped into the river. Rule # 7:

Preposition Verb

verb - ing Gerund Noun

form use For Example: He saved the child after

jumping in the river.

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He boasts of accomplishing everything individually.

He is wearing the shirt for going to University.

Exercise: Find out the

Noun from the following.

(1) A. Accommodation B. Accomodate

C. Accomodating D. Accomodated.

(2) A. Accumulation B. Accumulate

C. Accumulating D. Accumulated.

(3) A. Barbar B. Barbarize

C. Barbarian D. Barbarous.

(4) A. Beautiful B. Beauty

C. Beautifully D. Beautily

(5) A. General B. Generalization

C. Generally D. Generaling.

(6) A. Necessarily B. Necessary

C. Necessitate D. Necessity

(7) A. Wonderful B. Wonderfully

C. Wonder D. Wonderingly

(8) A. Except B. Excepted

C. Excepting D. Exception.

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(9) A. Marry B. Marriage

C. Married D. Marriageable.

(10) A. officer B. official

C. officially D. officiate.

Exercise: Write the

correct form of the

underlined words if they

are incorrect.

1. The furnishings of the house provide an insight into the social and domestic life on the estate.

2. A new colonization was established in Hawaii.

3. The disturb caused the seal to move her pups.

4. The existence of methane in the atmosphere is what gives Uranus its blue-green color.

5. The freeze killed all the new leaves on the trees.

6. The landing of the troops took place under the cover of night.

7. The important of childrens play is reflected

in their behavior. 8. Inside the forest, the

active is constant. 9. The earliest arrive had to

endure the discomfort of wading across the river.

Answer keys: 1.a 2.a 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.c 8.d 9.b 10.a

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10. Economics is the study of accumulate of resources.

11. When the Red Cross brought food, the situate was mercifully improved.

12. The explore lasted six months and brought the team into many dangerous situations.

13. The restore of the old fort was completed over a year ago.

14. The worshipers find tranquil in the great cool room.

15. Their insomnia was not caused by high altitude but by the exciting.

16. The introduction of new various of apples and other crops has increased farm yield.

17. Transport has been the major impede to development in the area.

18. Immigrated from a wide variety of countries have given the United States cultural diversity.

19. Low employed among the young is being blamed for the rise in vandalism.

20. The exploration was a big good natured man.

Answer keys: 1. No correction 2. Colony

3. disturbance 4. No correction

5. No correction 6. No correction

7. importance 8. activity

9. arrival 10. accumulation

11. situation 12. exploration

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COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Noun Countable Noun (b) Uncountable noun. Proper, Common Collective Noun

Noun- Countable Noun , Noun- count Countable Noun cow, man, boy, girl, book, pen, bench, table, chair, apple, egg

Material Abstract Noun

Noun-

Uncountable Noun , Noun count Uncountable Noun

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rice, water, milk, tea, salt, paper, grass, rope, fever, soup, weather, blood, honesty Countable & Uncountable Noun. d

*Countable Noun

Noun Countable If a noun is countable a/an - a book, an envelope. - plural form , noun plural Countable Noun - Four stamps/envelope How many stamps/ envelopes? ,

noun Countable one stamp. two stamps.

*Uncountable Noun

noun uncountable If a noun is uncountable| - a/an - A Sugar is expensive. (Incorrect) Sugar is expensive. (Correct) plural form I have five apples. But I have five water. How much meats/ oils. & Incorrect - Two water is enough to mitigate thirst. Incorrect. Two glasses of water is enough to mitigate thirst. Correct. A lot of meats/ A few oil is required to cook. .

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Incorrect. A lot of meat/ A little oil is required to cook. . Correct.

Features of Countable

and Uncountable

nouns: 1. Few, a few, the few, only a few, very few, many, several Countable 2. little, a little, the little, only a little, much, less Uncountable 3. some, most, rest, all, more, majority, a lot of Countable/Uncountable - Countable Noun determiner Noun plural

Exceptional (Singular and Plural) 1. bread (), exceptional (), furniture (), scenery (), poetry (, ), machinery (). Singular s/es 2. hundred, thousand, million, billion, brace, dozen, fathom, gross, head, pair, yoke, score. plural s/es - I have five hundreds taka. Incorrect I have five thousand taka. Correct.

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, - ,

Hundreds of, millions of, trillions of Noun Thousands of people were present in the concert. Correct I had to spend five thousand taka to be admitted in the university of

Dhaka. Incorrect. singular. * gallows (), mathematics (), news (), physics (), innings ( ), optics ( ), smallpox. plural singular.

plural aristocracy ( ), artillery ( ) cattle (), clergy ( ), gentry ( ), nobility ( ), mankind () peasantry ( ), people (), perfumer (), police (), poultry (-), publi (), government (), tenantry (), vermin (), majority (). plural.

*Apparatus (), cannon (), crops ( ), deer (), gross ( ), means (), pice (), salmon ( ), series (), sheep (), species (), swine ().

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plural s/es - 5 sheeps , 5 sheeps. 3 swans , 3 swan.

* Noun Countable Uncountable plural + + (of + Noun) two loaves of bread five blades of grass three pieces of advice/ music etc. advice homework money poetry anger ignorance music poverty courage information news progress damage knowledge patience equipment leisure permission fun luck Examples:

1. (Advice) He gave me an advice (Incorrect) He gave me some advice (Correct) He gave me a lot of advice (Incorrect) He gave me a piece of advice (Correct) He gave me many advices (Incorrect) He gave me a lot of advice (Correct)

2. (Bread) Have you got two bread? (Incorrect) Have you got two loaves of bread? (Correct)

More Examples: (Uncountable noun)

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1. Information pieces of information 2. Advice pieces of advice 3. transport methods of transport 4. equipment pieces of equipment 5. behavior types of behavior 6. research pieces of research 7. training 8. Knowledge 9. software pieces of software 10. accommodation

Exercise : (Parts of speech) 1. Shhhhh! I thought I heard a noise. In the sentence the word noise has been used as- A. Countable Noun B. Uncountable noun C. Adjective D. Gerund E. Adverb 2. My grandfather walks extremely slowly. The italicised word- A. modifies an adverb B. modifies an verb C. modifies a pronoun D. modifies an adjective E. modifies of preposition Answer Keys: 1. A. 2. A Exercise: Much/Many, Some/A 1. I always love to have (some, a) cheese before dinner. 2. How (much, many) states have you visited in the U.S? 3. There isnt (much, many)

furniture in our new apartment. 4. I havent gotten (much, many) mail at new

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address. 5. I havent sent (much, many) letters since Ive lived here. 6. It doesnt take (much, many) common sense to come in out of the rain. 7. We havent had (much, many) bad weather this week. 8. There was (some, a) rain storm yesterday, however. 9. How (much, many) rice should I add to the water? 10. Does your teacher wear (much, many) jewelry? 11. Does your teacher use (much, many) books in class? 12. Does she give you (much, many) homework? Answer Keys: 1. some 2. many 3. much 4. much 5. many 6. much 7. much 8. a 9. much 10. much 11. many 12. much

Exercise (Nouns)

Directions: correct the following sentence. If any one is correct put (@)mark. 1. Tuition at state universities has risen by fifty dollar. 2. Although polyester was very popular and is still used in making clothing, cloths made of natural fibers is more fashionable today. 3. The peac in the world is the goal of the UnitedNations.

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4. Dam is a wall constructed across a valley to enclose and area in which water is stored. 5. The light travels in straight line. 6. To hitchhike in the United State is very dangerous. 7. The ptarmigan, like a large amount of Arctic animal, is white in winter and brown in summer. 8. Even children in elementary school are assigned homeworks. 9. Spirituals were influenced by a music from African coast. 10. The stare is at a computer screen for long periods of time can cause severe eyestrain. 11. There are two kind of major joints in the body of a vertebrate, including the hinge joint and the ball and socket joint. 12. That an earthquake of magnitude eighth on the Richter Scale occurs once every five or ten years. 13. Art of colonial America was very functional, consisting mainly of useful objects such as furniture and household utensils. 14. To producing one ton of coal it may be necessary to strip as much as thirty tons of rock. 15. A mail that-is postmarked on Monday before noon and sent express can be delivered the next day anywhere in the United States. Answer Keys

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1. Tuition at state universities has risen by fifty dollars. 2. Although polyester was very popular and is still used in making clothing, cloth made of natural fibers is more fashionable today. 3. peach in the world is the goal of the United Nations. 4. A Dam is a wall constructed across a valley to enclose an area in which water is stored. 5. Light travels in a straight line. 6. To hitchhike in the United States is very dangerous. 7. The ptarmigan, like a large amount of Arctic animals, is white in winter and brown in summer. 8. Even children in elementary school are assigned homework. 9. Spirituals were influenced by music from African coast. 10. Starting or to start at a computer screen for long period of time can cause severe eyestrain. 11. There are two kinds of major joints in the body of a vertebrate, including the hinge joint and the ball and socket joint. 12. An earthquake of magnitude eighth on the Richter Scale occurs once every five or ten years. 13. The art of colonial America was very functional, consisting mainly of useful objects such as furniture and household utensils. 14. To produce one ton coal it may be necessary to strip as much as thirty tons of rock.

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