Nuclear Energy-Alfonso Eva Napat Tapangco

8/19/2019 Nuclear Energy-Alfonso Eva Napat Tapangco

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Nuclear EnergyALFONSO|EVA|NAPAT|TAPANGCO


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Objectives


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1• To define nuclear energy and how

it wor!

"

• To identify it! #ro! $ con!

% • To enu&erate it! a##lication!

Objectives


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What is nuclear

energy?


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Definition

• i! the energy in the

nucleu! or core of anato&'• can (e u!ed to

create electricity* (utit &u!t fir!t (erelea!ed fro& theato&'

N+CLEA,ENE,G-


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History


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1895,oentgen

di!co.ered /0ray!

1896

ec2uereldi!co.eredray! fro&

uraniu& !alt!

1898

Curie!identified "radioacti.e

nuclide!

History


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1920,utherfordtheori3e!neutron

1938

4ann andStra!!&andi!co.ered5fi!!ion6

1939

Fer&i $S3ilard#ro.ednuclearchain

reaction

History


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1951

E,01reactor fir!tto generateelectricity

1986

Cherno(yldi!a!ter

2013

Voyager 7entered

!#ace for %8year!

History


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Two Ways To Produce

Nuclear Energy• S#litting of ato&! in a

nuclear reactor

• Produce! great a&ountof energy that can (econ.erted toelectricity

Nuclear Fi!!ion

• Forcing of two nucleitogether through

inten!e #re!!ure• +!ed only for the

#roduction ofnuclear wea#on!

Nuclear Fu!ion


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NUCLE! !ECTO!


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"ain co#$onents

o% nuclear reactor


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• Contain! all of nuclear fueland generate! all of heat

ore

• 9aterial that #a!!e! throughthe core* tran!ferring the heatfro& the fuel to a tur(ine

Coolant

• Tran!fer! the heat fro& thecoolant to electricity

Tur(ine

!ain o"#onents of Nuclear $eactor


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• Structure that !e#arate! thereactor fro& the en.iron&ent

ontain"ent

• :u the e;ce!! heat that

cannot (e con.erted to energy

Cooling

tower!

!ain o"#onents of Nuclear $eactor


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Ty$es o% reactors


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Pressuri&ed Water !eactor

• The &o!t co&&on ty#e of reactor'

• The P


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Pro!

• Strong negati.e .oidcoefficient

• Secondary loo#ee#! radioacti.e !tuffaway fro& tur(ine!*&aing &aintenance ea!y'

• Very &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (eenaccu&ulated and the

de!ign! and #rocedure!ha.e (een largelyo#ti&i3ed'

Con!

• Pre!!uri3ed coolante!ca#e! ra#idly if a #i#e(rea!* nece!!itating lot!of (ac0u# cooling!y!te&!'

• Can=t (reed new fuel

%y#es of $eactors

% f $ t


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'oiling Water !eactor

•

Second &o!t co&&on• They only ha.e one

coolant loo#'

• The hot nuclear fuel

(oil! water a! it goe!

out the to# of the

reactor'

%y#es of $eactors

% f $ t


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Pro!

•

Siler #lu&(ing reduce!co!t!• Power le.el! can (e

increa!ed !ily (y!#eeding u# the >et #u!'

• Very &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (eenaccu&ulated and thede!ign! and #rocedure!ha.e (een largely

o#ti&i3ed'

Con!

•


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Canada (euteriu#)Uraniu#

!eactors

%y#es of $eactors

• They contain hea.y water

• :euteriu& a(!or(! &any fewer neutron! than 4ydrogen* and

CAN:+! can o#erate u!ing only natural uraniu& in!tead of

enriched'

% f $ t


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%y#es of $eactors

Pro!

• ,e2uire .ery littleuraniu& enrich&ent'

• Can (e refueled whileo#erating* ee#ing

ca#acity factor! high'• Are .ery fle;i(le* and

can u!e any ty#e offuel'

Con!

• So&e .ariant! ha.e#o!iti.e coolantteeraturecoefficient!''

•Neutron a(!or#tion indeuteriu& lead! totritiu& #roduction'

• Can theoretically (e

&odified to #roducewea#on!0grade#lutoniu&'

%y#es of $eactors


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*odiu# Cooled +ast

!eactor

%y#es of $eactors

• Cooled (y li2uid !odiu& &etal

• The!e can u!e &etal or o;ide fuel* and (urn a wide .ariety of

fuel!'

%y#es of $eactors


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Pro!

• Can (reed it! own fuel'• Can (urn it! own wa!te• 9etallic fuel and e;cellent

ther&al #ro#ertie! of!odiu& allow for #a!!i.ely!afe o#eration

Con!

• Sodiu& coolant i! reacti.ewith air and water'

• ,e2uire re#roce!!ingfacilitie! which can al!o (eu!ed for nuclear#roliferation'

• The e;ce!! neutron! u!edto gi.e the reactor it!re!ource!'

•

Po!iti.e .oid coefficient!are inherent to &o!t fa!treactor!'

• Not a! &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (een

accu&ulated'

%y#es of $eactors

%y#es of $eactors


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Molten Salt Reactor

%y#es of $eactors

• 9olten Salt ,eactor=! ?9S,!@ are the internet=! fa.orite reactor'

• They u!e fluid fuel'

%y#es of $eactors


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%y#es of $eactors

Pro!

• Can con!tantly (reednew fuel'

• Can &ae e;cellent u!eof thoriu&'

•Can (e &aintainedonline with che&icalfi!!ion #roduct re&o.al'

• No cladding &ean! le!!

neutron0a(!or(ing&aterial in the core'• Li2uid fuel al!o &ean!

that !tructural do!e doe!not li&it the life of the

fuel'

Con!

• ,adioacti.e ga!eou!fi!!ion #roduct! are notcontained in !&all #in!'

• The #re!ence of an

online re#roce!!ingfacility with inco&ing#re0&elted fuel i!a #roliferation concern'

• Very little o#eratinge;#erience'

%y#es of $eactors


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High Te#$erature ,asCooled !eactor

%y#es of $eactors

• +!e little #ellet! of

fuel (aced into either

he;agonal coact! orinto larger #e((le!'

• Seen a! #ro&i!ing for

u!ing nuclear energy

out!ide of electricity'

• They are not

#articularly good at

>u!t #roducing

electricity'

%y#es of $eactors


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%y#es of $eactors

Pro!

• Can o#erate at .ery highteerature!* leading togreat ther&al efficiency?near BD@'

• Each little #e((le of fuelha! it! own contain&ent!tructure'

Con!

• 9aterial! that can !tay!tructurally !ound in highteerature! and with&any neutron! flyingthrough the& are hard toco&e (y'

• acu# cooling !y!te&!are nece!!ary'

• Ga! i! a #oor coolant*

nece!!itating largea&ount! of coolant forrelati.ely !&all a&ount!of #ower'

• Not a! &uch o#eratinge;#erience


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Uses o% nuclear

energy

&ses of Nuclear Energy


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"ilitary $$lications- NuclearWea$ons

• Nuclear 'ea#ons are t(ose 'ea#ons t(at use

nuclear tec(nology)

• %'o ty#es of nuclear 'ea#ons*

Nuclear energy is use to +e,#lo-e.



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.ndustrial

• Prere2ui!ite for the full auto&ation of high !#eed #roductionline!

• A##lied to the in.e!tigation of #roce!!e!* &i;ing* &aintenanceand wear and corro!ion !tudy of #lant and &achinery

• +!ed in &aing #la!tic! and !terili3ation of !ingle0u!e #roduct!'• :e.elo#&ent and #roce!! iro.e&ent to the &ea!ure&ent

• Auto&ation

• uality control




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• ,adio#har&aceutical!

• ,adiation thera#y techni2ue!

• Telethera#y for cancer treat&ent

• ,adiation (iology

Nuclear #edicine




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• +!eful in controlling in!ect #e!t!

• 7ro.ed cro# .arietie!

• E!ta(li!h&ent of the condition! to o#ti&i3e the

efficiency of fertili3er! and water

gricultural




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• Food Pre!er.ation

0Currently* o.er % countrie! #er&it irradiation of

certain food!'

+ood




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•

+!ed to deter&ine the e;act a&ount! of #olluting!u(!tance! and #lace! in which they occur and theircau!e!'

• ea& electron! reduce! the en.iron&ental and health

con!e2uence! of large0!cale eloy&ent of fo!!ilfuel!* !ol.ing #ro(le&! !uch a! the greenhou!eeffect and acid rain'


Environ#ental


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Nuclear Energy

around the world

Nuclear Energy aroun- t(e /orl-


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• A! of uly "B1* %B countrie! worldwide are o#erating

H%I nuclear reactor! for electricity generation and 8Jnew nuclear #lant! are under con!truction in 1countrie!'

• Nuclear #ower #lant! #ro.ided 1B'K #ercent of the

world! electricity #roduction in "B1"'• 7n "B1H* 1% countrie! relied on nuclear energy to

!u##ly at lea!t one02uarter of their total electricity'

Nuclear Energy aroun- t(e /orl-

n erna ona o# c nergy


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rance 6)9

lova4ia 8'I

Hungary %'8

&4raine HK'H

elgiu" HJ'

'e-en H1'

'iterlan- %J'K

lovenia %J'"

ec( $e#ublic %'I

inlan- %H'8

ulgaria %1'I

7r"enia %B'J

out( orea %B'H

n erna ona o# c nergygency/s Power !eactor .n%or#ation

*yste#s (atabase


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'ataan nuclear

$ower $lant

ataan Nuclear o'er lant


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• ataan Nuclear Power Plant ?NPP@ !it! at the ti# of a %IKhectare #rotected land at Na#ot Point* 9orong* ataan'

• 7t i! the only erected co&&ercial nuclear #ower !tationwithin the ASEAN countrie!'

• 7t too 1B year! to con!truct and ha! (een on #re!er.ation&ode !ince 1KI8 at a co!t of Ph#HB to Ph#B &illion a year'




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• The National Power Cor#oration wa! &andated (y lawto #re!er.e and &aintain thi! nuclear #lant'

• The NPP wa! de!igned to with!tand the highe!t#o!tulated earth2uae in the Lu3on i!land at groundacceleration .alue of B'HG or 7nten!ity I in the ,ichter

Scale'• At 1I &eter! a(o.e !ea le.el ground ele.ation* the

NPP #lant !ite i! well #rotected again!t tidal wa.e!and t!una&i!'

• 7t! 8"% 9< electrical ca#acity could ha.e #ro.ided atlea!t 1B of the #re!ent #ower re2uire&ent! for theLu3on grid'



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• !ay "I* 1KIH i! con!idered the (irthday of the ataanNuclear Power Plant* ?NPP@

• The #olitici3ation of thi! i!!ue i! #reci!ely why we=.e ne.erdone a !ingle conclu!i.e thing a(out NPP after al&o!tthree decade! of wa!ting &oney in ee#ing it &oth(alled'



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dvantages anddisadvantages o%

nuclear $owergeneration


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dvantages

1• E&it! low a&ount of greenhou!e

ga!e!* #articularly CO"

" • ,eadily a.aila(le technology

% • 4igh electrical energy generation


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(isadvantages

1 • ,adioacti.e wa!te

" • 4igh ri! of accident

% • Target for terrori!t attac!


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H • Nuclear Proliferation

• +raniu& i! a !carce !ource

8• 7llu!ion to (uild new nuclear

#lant! in !hort ti&e

(isadvantages


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!e%erences-• National Geogra#hic' ?"B18@' Nuclear Energy. ,etrie.ed fro&M

htt#Meducation'nationalgeogra#hic'orgencyclo#edianuclear0energy

•


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Nuclear Energy-Alfonso Eva Napat Tapangco