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Nuclear EnergyALFONSO|EVA|NAPAT|TAPANGCO
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Objectives
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1• To define nuclear energy and how
it wor!
"
• To identify it! #ro! $ con!
% • To enu&erate it! a##lication!
Objectives
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What is nuclear
energy?
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Definition
• i! the energy in the
nucleu! or core of anato&'• can (e u!ed to
create electricity* (utit &u!t fir!t (erelea!ed fro& theato&'
N+CLEA,ENE,G-
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History
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1895,oentgen
di!co.ered /0ray!
1896
ec2uereldi!co.eredray! fro&
uraniu& !alt!
1898
Curie!identified "radioacti.e
nuclide!
History
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1920,utherfordtheori3e!neutron
1938
4ann andStra!!&andi!co.ered5fi!!ion6
1939
Fer&i $S3ilard#ro.ednuclearchain
reaction
History
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1951
E,01reactor fir!tto generateelectricity
1986
Cherno(yldi!a!ter
2013
Voyager 7entered
!#ace for %8year!
History
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Two Ways To Produce
Nuclear Energy• S#litting of ato&! in a
nuclear reactor
• Produce! great a&ountof energy that can (econ.erted toelectricity
Nuclear Fi!!ion
• Forcing of two nucleitogether through
inten!e #re!!ure• +!ed only for the
#roduction ofnuclear wea#on!
Nuclear Fu!ion
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NUCLE! !ECTO!
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"ain co#$onents
o% nuclear reactor
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• Contain! all of nuclear fueland generate! all of heat
ore
• 9aterial that #a!!e! throughthe core* tran!ferring the heatfro& the fuel to a tur(ine
Coolant
• Tran!fer! the heat fro& thecoolant to electricity
Tur(ine
!ain o"#onents of Nuclear $eactor
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• Structure that !e#arate! thereactor fro& the en.iron&ent
ontain"ent
• :u the e;ce!! heat that
cannot (e con.erted to energy
Cooling
tower!
!ain o"#onents of Nuclear $eactor
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Ty$es o% reactors
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Pressuri&ed Water !eactor
• The &o!t co&&on ty#e of reactor'
• The P
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Pro!
• Strong negati.e .oidcoefficient
• Secondary loo#ee#! radioacti.e !tuffaway fro& tur(ine!*&aing &aintenance ea!y'
• Very &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (eenaccu&ulated and the
de!ign! and #rocedure!ha.e (een largelyo#ti&i3ed'
Con!
• Pre!!uri3ed coolante!ca#e! ra#idly if a #i#e(rea!* nece!!itating lot!of (ac0u# cooling!y!te&!'
• Can=t (reed new fuel
%y#es of $eactors
% f $ t
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'oiling Water !eactor
•
Second &o!t co&&on• They only ha.e one
coolant loo#'
• The hot nuclear fuel
(oil! water a! it goe!
out the to# of the
reactor'
%y#es of $eactors
% f $ t
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Pro!
•
Siler #lu&(ing reduce!co!t!• Power le.el! can (e
increa!ed !ily (y!#eeding u# the >et #u!'
• Very &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (eenaccu&ulated and thede!ign! and #rocedure!ha.e (een largely
o#ti&i3ed'
Con!
•
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Canada (euteriu#)Uraniu#
!eactors
%y#es of $eactors
• They contain hea.y water
• :euteriu& a(!or(! &any fewer neutron! than 4ydrogen* and
CAN:+! can o#erate u!ing only natural uraniu& in!tead of
enriched'
% f $ t
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%y#es of $eactors
Pro!
• ,e2uire .ery littleuraniu& enrich&ent'
• Can (e refueled whileo#erating* ee#ing
ca#acity factor! high'• Are .ery fle;i(le* and
can u!e any ty#e offuel'
Con!
• So&e .ariant! ha.e#o!iti.e coolantteeraturecoefficient!''
•Neutron a(!or#tion indeuteriu& lead! totritiu& #roduction'
• Can theoretically (e
&odified to #roducewea#on!0grade#lutoniu&'
%y#es of $eactors
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*odiu# Cooled +ast
!eactor
%y#es of $eactors
• Cooled (y li2uid !odiu& &etal
• The!e can u!e &etal or o;ide fuel* and (urn a wide .ariety of
fuel!'
%y#es of $eactors
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Pro!
• Can (reed it! own fuel'• Can (urn it! own wa!te• 9etallic fuel and e;cellent
ther&al #ro#ertie! of!odiu& allow for #a!!i.ely!afe o#eration
Con!
• Sodiu& coolant i! reacti.ewith air and water'
• ,e2uire re#roce!!ingfacilitie! which can al!o (eu!ed for nuclear#roliferation'
• The e;ce!! neutron! u!edto gi.e the reactor it!re!ource!'
•
Po!iti.e .oid coefficient!are inherent to &o!t fa!treactor!'
• Not a! &uch o#eratinge;#erience ha! (een
accu&ulated'
%y#es of $eactors
%y#es of $eactors
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Molten Salt Reactor
%y#es of $eactors
• 9olten Salt ,eactor=! ?9S,!@ are the internet=! fa.orite reactor'
• They u!e fluid fuel'
%y#es of $eactors
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%y#es of $eactors
Pro!
• Can con!tantly (reednew fuel'
• Can &ae e;cellent u!eof thoriu&'
•Can (e &aintainedonline with che&icalfi!!ion #roduct re&o.al'
• No cladding &ean! le!!
neutron0a(!or(ing&aterial in the core'• Li2uid fuel al!o &ean!
that !tructural do!e doe!not li&it the life of the
fuel'
Con!
• ,adioacti.e ga!eou!fi!!ion #roduct! are notcontained in !&all #in!'
• The #re!ence of an
online re#roce!!ingfacility with inco&ing#re0&elted fuel i!a #roliferation concern'
• Very little o#eratinge;#erience'
%y#es of $eactors
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High Te#$erature ,asCooled !eactor
%y#es of $eactors
• +!e little #ellet! of
fuel (aced into either
he;agonal coact! orinto larger #e((le!'
• Seen a! #ro&i!ing for
u!ing nuclear energy
out!ide of electricity'
• They are not
#articularly good at
>u!t #roducing
electricity'
%y#es of $eactors
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%y#es of $eactors
Pro!
• Can o#erate at .ery highteerature!* leading togreat ther&al efficiency?near BD@'
• Each little #e((le of fuelha! it! own contain&ent!tructure'
Con!
• 9aterial! that can !tay!tructurally !ound in highteerature! and with&any neutron! flyingthrough the& are hard toco&e (y'
• acu# cooling !y!te&!are nece!!ary'
• Ga! i! a #oor coolant*
nece!!itating largea&ount! of coolant forrelati.ely !&all a&ount!of #ower'
• Not a! &uch o#eratinge;#erience
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Uses o% nuclear
energy
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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&ses of Nuclear Energy
"ilitary $$lications- NuclearWea$ons
• Nuclear 'ea#ons are t(ose 'ea#ons t(at use
nuclear tec(nology)
• %'o ty#es of nuclear 'ea#ons*
Nuclear energy is use to +e,#lo-e.
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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.ndustrial
• Prere2ui!ite for the full auto&ation of high !#eed #roductionline!
• A##lied to the in.e!tigation of #roce!!e!* &i;ing* &aintenanceand wear and corro!ion !tudy of #lant and &achinery
• +!ed in &aing #la!tic! and !terili3ation of !ingle0u!e #roduct!'• :e.elo#&ent and #roce!! iro.e&ent to the &ea!ure&ent
• Auto&ation
• uality control
&ses of Nuclear Energy
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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• ,adio#har&aceutical!
• ,adiation thera#y techni2ue!
• Telethera#y for cancer treat&ent
• ,adiation (iology
Nuclear #edicine
&ses of Nuclear Energy
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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• +!eful in controlling in!ect #e!t!
• 7ro.ed cro# .arietie!
• E!ta(li!h&ent of the condition! to o#ti&i3e the
efficiency of fertili3er! and water
gricultural
&ses of Nuclear Energy
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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• Food Pre!er.ation
0Currently* o.er % countrie! #er&it irradiation of
certain food!'
+ood
&ses of Nuclear Energy
&ses of Nuclear Energy
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•
+!ed to deter&ine the e;act a&ount! of #olluting!u(!tance! and #lace! in which they occur and theircau!e!'
• ea& electron! reduce! the en.iron&ental and health
con!e2uence! of large0!cale eloy&ent of fo!!ilfuel!* !ol.ing #ro(le&! !uch a! the greenhou!eeffect and acid rain'
&ses of Nuclear Energy
Environ#ental
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Nuclear Energy
around the world
Nuclear Energy aroun- t(e /orl-
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• A! of uly "B1* %B countrie! worldwide are o#erating
H%I nuclear reactor! for electricity generation and 8Jnew nuclear #lant! are under con!truction in 1countrie!'
• Nuclear #ower #lant! #ro.ided 1B'K #ercent of the
world! electricity #roduction in "B1"'• 7n "B1H* 1% countrie! relied on nuclear energy to
!u##ly at lea!t one02uarter of their total electricity'
Nuclear Energy aroun- t(e /orl-
n erna ona o# c nergy
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rance 6)9
lova4ia 8'I
Hungary %'8
&4raine HK'H
elgiu" HJ'
'e-en H1'
'iterlan- %J'K
lovenia %J'"
ec( $e#ublic %'I
inlan- %H'8
ulgaria %1'I
7r"enia %B'J
out( orea %B'H
n erna ona o# c nergygency/s Power !eactor .n%or#ation
*yste#s (atabase
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'ataan nuclear
$ower $lant
ataan Nuclear o'er lant
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• ataan Nuclear Power Plant ?NPP@ !it! at the ti# of a %IKhectare #rotected land at Na#ot Point* 9orong* ataan'
• 7t i! the only erected co&&ercial nuclear #ower !tationwithin the ASEAN countrie!'
• 7t too 1B year! to con!truct and ha! (een on #re!er.ation&ode !ince 1KI8 at a co!t of Ph#HB to Ph#B &illion a year'
ataan Nuclear o'er lant
ataan Nuclear o'er lant
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ataan Nuclear o'er lant
• The National Power Cor#oration wa! &andated (y lawto #re!er.e and &aintain thi! nuclear #lant'
• The NPP wa! de!igned to with!tand the highe!t#o!tulated earth2uae in the Lu3on i!land at groundacceleration .alue of B'HG or 7nten!ity I in the ,ichter
Scale'• At 1I &eter! a(o.e !ea le.el ground ele.ation* the
NPP #lant !ite i! well #rotected again!t tidal wa.e!and t!una&i!'
• 7t! 8"% 9< electrical ca#acity could ha.e #ro.ided atlea!t 1B of the #re!ent #ower re2uire&ent! for theLu3on grid'
ataan Nuclear o'er lant
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• !ay "I* 1KIH i! con!idered the (irthday of the ataanNuclear Power Plant* ?NPP@
• The #olitici3ation of thi! i!!ue i! #reci!ely why we=.e ne.erdone a !ingle conclu!i.e thing a(out NPP after al&o!tthree decade! of wa!ting &oney in ee#ing it &oth(alled'
ataan Nuclear o'er lant
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dvantages anddisadvantages o%
nuclear $owergeneration
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dvantages
1• E&it! low a&ount of greenhou!e
ga!e!* #articularly CO"
" • ,eadily a.aila(le technology
% • 4igh electrical energy generation
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(isadvantages
1 • ,adioacti.e wa!te
" • 4igh ri! of accident
% • Target for terrori!t attac!
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H • Nuclear Proliferation
• +raniu& i! a !carce !ource
8• 7llu!ion to (uild new nuclear
#lant! in !hort ti&e
(isadvantages
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!e%erences-• National Geogra#hic' ?"B18@' Nuclear Energy. ,etrie.ed fro&M
htt#Meducation'nationalgeogra#hic'orgencyclo#edianuclear0energy
•
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