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MethodsMethods
Parents QuestionnaireParents Questionnaire
(Zavadenko,(Zavadenko,2005) to detect the symptoms of neuro2005) to
detect the symptoms of neuro- -behavioural disordersbehavioural
disordersPhysical and Neurological Exam for Physical and
Neurological Exam for Subtle Signs (PANESS)Subtle Signs (PANESS)
(Denckla, 1985)(Denckla, 1985)
Stabilometric tests with the BioPosturalStabilometric tests with
the BioPosturalSystemSystem
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PANESSPANESS is very informativeis very informativefor the
assessment of grossfor the assessment of grossand fine motor
functions inand fine motor functions inchildren. Most ADHD
childrenchildren. Most ADHD childrendemonstrate poor demonstrate
poor performance in both types of performance in both types of this
battery tasks, including:this battery tasks, including:
1. walking line tasks and rest1. walking line tasks and
restpostures/stations tasks or postures/stations tasks or
2. tasks for hands and feet2. tasks for hands and feetrepetitive
and successiverepetitive and successivemovementsmovements of limbs
(fineof limbs (finemotor proficiency).motor proficiency).
P hysical and NeurologicalP hysical and NeurologicalExamination
for Subtle SignsExamination for Subtle Signs( PA NESS)( PA NESS) by
Denckla (1985)by Denckla (1985)
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MMotor otor functionsfunctionsassessment byassessment
bystabilometric tests withstabilometric tests withthe BioPostural
Systemthe BioPostural System
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RESULTS andRESULTS andDISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
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d i s t a l
o c c l u s
i o n ( C
l a s s I I )
o v e r j e t
a n t e r i o
r o p e n
b i t e
d e e p b
i t e
m e s i a
l o c c l u
s i o n ( C
l a s s I I I )
1s t group
0
20
4 0
60
8 0
1 00
The rate of malocclusions in childrenThe rate of malocclusions
in childrenwith sucking habitswith sucking habits
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Scores for Scores for ParentsParentsQuestionnaire in two groups
of Questionnaire in two groups of
patientspatients
f a t i g u e
h y p e r a
c t i v i t y
a t t e n t i o
n d e f i c
i t
a n x i e t y
s y m p
t o m s
b e h a v i o
r a l p r o
b l e m s
p s y c h o
s o m a t i c
p r o b l e
m s2nd (control) group
1st group
0
20
40
60
80
100
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TotallyTotally 15.3%15.3% of childrenof childrenwith sucking
habits had awith sucking habits had ahistory of previouslyhistory
of previouslydiagnoseddiagnosed Attention Deficit Attention
DeficitHyperactivity Disorder Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)(ADHD)
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PA NESSPA NESS (Physical and Neurological Exam for
Subtle(Physical and Neurological Exam for SubtleSigns)Signs) A
ssessmenA ssessment t
Cluster Definition Normalscore
2nd
(control)group
1 st group
Errors,Precision,Rhythm
11. walking line tasks. walking line tasksand restand rest
2. repetitive and2. repetitive
andsuccessivesuccessivemovementsmovements of limbsof limbs
(fine motor (fine motor proficiency).proficiency).
3-8
4 -15
0 isbest
score
9
11
15
20
T ime of perfomingtests, sec .
tasks for hands andtasks for hands andfeet repetitive andfeet
repetitive and
successivesuccessive
movementsmovements (fine(finemotor proficiency).motor
proficiency).
5 1 2 10 1 4
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StabilometricStabilometric
assessmentassessmentconfirmed motor confirmed motor disorders
indisorders in
children withchildren withsucking habits.sucking habits.
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Performing test of upright stance with EyesPerforming test of
upright stance with EyesOpenedOpened in the 1st group revealed
Ellipses surfacein the 1st group revealed Ellipses surfaceincreased
2 times and during examination withincreased 2 times and during
examination withEyesEyes ClosedClosed increased 2increased 2. .7
times compared with7 times compared with22ndnd (control)
group.(control) group.
22ndnd(control)(control)groupgroup
11st st groupgroup
CLO SEDO P ENED
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More prominent changes were revealed in children with distalMore
prominent changes were revealed in children with distalocclusion.
Sway area and Surface of stabilometric ellipses inocclusion. Sway
area and Surface of stabilometric ellipses inchildren with distal
occlusion (Eyeschildren with distal occlusion (Eyes OpenedOpened )
increased 2.3 times) increased 2.3 times
and during examination with Eyesand during examination with Eyes
ClosedClosed increased 2.7 timesincreased 2.7 timescompared with
2compared with 2 ndnd (control) group.(control) group.
22ndnd
(control)(control)groupgroup
group of childrengroup of childrenwith distal occlusionwith
distal occlusion(Class II)(Class II)
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CONCLUSIONS:CONCLUSIONS:Many children with sucking habitsMany
children with sucking habits
and malocclusion have comorbidand malocclusion have
comorbidpsychoneurological and posturalpsychoneurological and
posturaldisturbancesdisturbances
Patients with malocclusion and aPatients with malocclusion and
asucking habit need detailedsucking habit need
detailedneurobehavioral examination andneurobehavioral examination
andshould be studied in collaboration withshould be studied in
collaboration withother specialists, such as childother
specialists, such as childneurologists andneurologists and
posturologist.posturologist.
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