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Objectives. Finish duct design Discuss HW4 Learn about pumps. Frictional Losses. Non-circular Ducts. Dynamic (local) losses. Losses associated with Changes in velocity Obstructions Bends Fittings and transitions. Loss Coefficients. Δ P t = C o Δ P v,o. Duct Design Example. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Objectives
• Finish duct design
• Discuss HW4
• Learn about pumps
Frictional Losses
Non-circular Ducts
Dynamic (local) losses
• Losses associated with• Changes in velocity• Obstructions• Bends• Fittings and transitions
Loss CoefficientsΔPt = Co ΔPv,o
Duct Design Example
• Determine total pressure drop from in this duct system
l1=150ft
l2=50ft
l3=100ftF
AB
pdiffuserA = 10Pa
pdiffuserB = 15PaVA = 1000 CFMVA = 2000 CFM
VA = 1000 CFM
Solution
section L[ft] V [CFM] D[in] Dp/100ft [“wg] V [fpm] Dptot[“wg] Local Dp Coef. Sum Co Dp_loc[“wg] Tot_Dp[“wg]
L1 150 3000 18” 0.22 1700 0.33 Co=0.5 0.5 0.09 0.42L2 50 1000 12” 0.2 1300 0.10 Co=0.28 0.28 0.03 0.13
L3 100 2000 16” 0.18 1400 0.18 Co=13,Co=0.09 0.22 0.03 0.21
Equal friction method:
Two design methodsEqual friction method (Example 18.9):
Static regain method (Example 18.10):
Fan Performance
Controlling Air Flow
VAV Operation
How to use multiple pumps
Dampers
Summary of Air Distribution Systems
• Select diffuser based on ADPI
• Given a layout of duct system• Calculate total pressure drop• Deal with non-circular ducts and fitting losses
• Select the fan based on fan and duct curve
HW4 Design:
• Air handling unit (AHU) with components (cooling coil and fan) • Duct system• Diffusers• Chiller• Pump• Power requirement
Pumps and Plumbing
• Very similar to fans and ducts • Same principles based on fluid dynamics • With some specifics
Hydronic Terms
• Head loss
• Open-loop vs. closed loop
Head Loss
Fittings
g
Vkh
2
2
Pumps
• Driving force to move air water in buildings
• Raise pressure and produce flow
• One main type• Centrifugal
Pump curves
• NPSHR = Net Positive Suction Head Required
Use Multiple Pumps
Plumbing Arrangements
Example 19.7
• Similar to equal friction method
• Calculate head loss for common pieces of system
• Size pipes to have equal head loss between points 2 and 3