МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИnauka.nlu.edu.ua/download/diss/Kolodchin/d_Kolodchin.pdf · повідомлення їй про підозру і

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8

SUMMARY

Kolodchyn D. V. Detention as a Precautionary Measure. Qualifying

scientific work as a manuscript.

Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Law, specialty 12.00.09 "Criminal

Procedure and Criminalistics; Forensic Examination; Operational Search Activity".

- Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Ministry of Education and Science of

Ukraine. - Kharkiv, 2018.

The choice of the topic of research is stipulated by its importance both for

domestic law enforcement practice in the field of criminal justice, and in view of

the formation of the international image of Ukraine through the prism of ensuring

the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, in particular, the right to

liberty and personal integrity.

In order to identify the segments of the research object that until today has

remained relevant for scientific development, a comprehensive review of the

development and current state of scientific knowledge of the criminal procedural

institute of detention was carried out. As a result, it was stated that according to the

temporally-essential criterion the development, the doctrine of detention can be

conditionally divided into periods, namely: pre-revolutionary (pre-Soviet), Soviet,

post-Soviet and modern, each of which is characterized by the specifics of the

vector of scientific research on this preventive measure. The work gives a detailed

description of each period with the allocation of its basic features.

The evolution of the institution of detention in Ukraine has been observed

since the birth of this legal phenomenon in the times of Kyiv Rus and up to now. It

was noted that the inquisitorial basis of criminal proceedings in the early fifteenth

and mid-nineteenth centuries resulted in a narrowing of the guarantees of the rights

of persons to which this preventive measure was applied while expanding the

practice of its application. With the gradual introduction of democratic principles

into the criminal process, the reform of the detention center aimed at ensuring the

right of a person to freedom and personal integrity was carried out.

9

The basic international standards, the observance of which should be

ensured in the procedures related to the use of detention as a preventive measure,

were singled out. A classification of reasons for non-observance of the order of

detention in Ukraine in the context of securing the right of a person to freedom and

personal integrity by grouping the main factors into the following blocks was

proposed in a similar vein: (a) the imperfection of the normative component of the

institution of detention; (b) errors and violations committed in the law enforcement

component; (c) insufficient taking into account of the interpretative component, in

particular in subject matter of the common international standards by the specific

case-law of the ECtHR.

An analysis of the criminal procedural laws of foreign states through the

prism of European standards and taking into account the peculiarities of the legal

system of our state was carried out, it made possible to formulate a number of

conclusions and proposals for improving the criminal procedural legislation of

Ukraine in the following areas: a) the use of video conferencing opportunities in

solving issues related to application of detention; b) informing the relatives of a

suspect, or an accused, against whom detention has been applied; c) guardianship

of persons maintained by the suspect, or the accused, detained, as well as the

security of his property; d) introduction of the mechanism of probation reports in

solving the question of a preventive measure.

The results of legislative initiatives of recent years have been critically

comprehended, which has enabled not only to outline the range of problem issues

but also to predict and evaluate trends in the possible development of the

institution of detention broadly.

Particular attention was paid to the problematic issues of the use of detention

at the stage of pre-trial investigation (Section 2), the detection and processing of

which were carried out using the method of sociological research and the method

of expert assessments.

It was stated that the characteristic feature of the preparatory stage of the

activity on the choice of a precautionary measure in the form of detention is the

10

implementation of procedural measures, the adoption of relevant decisions and the

drawing up of documents in conditions of maximum time limits (in particular, if a

person is detained in accordance with article 208 of the Criminal Procedure Code

Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the CPC)). In this regard, the possible ways of

solving this problem were considered, and own vision of the way out of the

situation was proposed.

It was revealed that the current criminal procedural legislation does not

contain any mechanisms for preventing the risk of hiding a person after having

informed her/him of suspicion and by the time of the choice of a preventive

measure in the form of detention. At the same time, the official notification of

suspicion quite often works as a catalyst in attempts to avoid punishment, in

particular by hiding from the investigation. In this connection, an approach was

proposed, which, on the one hand, will ensure the achievement of the interests of

society in combating crime and guaranteeing the inevitability of punishment, and

on the other hand, will enable to overcome the illegal practice of so-called

"hidden" detentions.

It was established that in some cases, in resolving the issue of choosing a

preventive measure in the form of detention, greater effectiveness is ensured not

only by the prosecutor participation in a court session but also by the investigator,

who carries out a pre-trial investigation. The suggestions for the legalization of this

practice of law enforcement, which was caused by objective necessity, but does not

have a legislative basis, were substantiated.

Considerable attention was paid to the issues of the assignment of a bail, as

an alternative to detention, taking into account the fundamental novelty of this

legislative approach. In this aspect: a) the expediency of establishing a regulatory

requirement for displaying the amount of a bail in the motion of a preventive

measure in the form of detention of the investigator, or the prosecutor was proved;

b) the mass character of the violation was stated, which is the absence of

information on the consideration and resolution by the court of the amount of the

pledge in the decisions on the application of a preventive measure in the form of

11

detention, as required by Part 3 of Art. 183 CPC and the way to overcome the

problem was proposed; c) it was argued that the criminal procedural qualification

of a case as one that falls within the scope of Part 5 of Art. 176 of the CPC,

excludes the possibility of a court decision on the determination of the collateral in

accordance with Part 3 of Art. 183 CPC; d) it was demonstrated that,

supplementing Art. 176 CPC Part 5, the legislator did not provide a systematic

approach to making adjustments to the text of the criminal procedural law, that

created a conflict of norms, which in some cases generally excludes the possibility

of applying any precautionary measure.

It has been stated that due to the imperfection of the normative constructions

of articles 200 and 201 of the CPC today, the parties to the criminal proceedings

are deprived of the opportunity to appeal to the investigating judge with the request

to cancel the preventive measure in the form of detention. It was argued that under

the rule of law such a situation is unacceptable and the participants in criminal

proceedings should be able to raise the question of reviewing the legality and

justification of a preventive measure not only with the prospect of its replacement

by another precautionary measure but also with the possibility of obtaining a

judicial review of circumstances that generally overturn the need of any legal

restrictions.

The error of judicial practice in the correction of mistakes made when

choosing a preventive measure was proved by applying the institution of change of

preventive measure in the manner provided for in Articles 200, 201 of the CPC.

It is established that for today Part 1 of Art. 309 CPC provides an

opportunity to lodge an appeal against a court ruling of an investigating judge on

the application or refusal to apply a preventive measure in the form of domestic

arrest or detention, but thus deprives of the opportunity to appeal the decision of

the investigating judge to change the preventive measure in accordance with

Articles 200, 201 of the CPC, even if the result of such a change was the

application of a preventive measure to a person in the form of domestic arrest or

detention. An algorithm was proposed, which includes the use of a combination of

12

general principles and positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (hereinafter

- the CCU), which should be guided by the appellate courts in the matter before the

relevant corrections are introduced in the text of Part 1 of Art. 309 CPC.

Within the framework of Section 3, the features of the use of detention at the

judicial stages of criminal proceedings were investigated.

The analysis of the use of a preventive measure in the form of detention at

the stage of preparatory proceedings has been carried out, which has made it

possible to identify the following problems: a) the contradictions of judicial

practice in the issue of extending the detention period at the stage of preparatory

proceedings; b) normative irregularity of the procedure for resolving the issue of a

preventive measure in the event of a court decision to return the indictment to the

prosecutor; c) different approaches to ensuring the participation of the defense

party in considering the issue of extending the term of detention; d) the unsettled

use of a preventive measure in the form of detention in the period from the end of

the pre-trial investigation to the preparatory trial; e) irregularity of the procedure

for resolving the issue of a preventive measure in the transfer of proceedings to

another court. Author's approaches to ways to solve the listed shortcomings were

proposed.

The complex analysis of the issue of extending the term of detention during

the trial was carried out, the results of which were presented in the form of

conclusions in three planes: dejure, defacto and delegeferenda.

The options for resolving the situation when the term for the detention of an

accused is ended and the judges who are to consider the criminal proceedings are

on leave, on a sick leave, on a business trip or for other reasons are deprived of the

opportunity to take part in the court session were investigated.

The current court practice, providing that when a conviction is issued, the

court of the first instance in the same document, on its own initiative, without

discussion with the parties, decides on the choice of a preventive measure in the

form of detention or its continuation with the wording " before the verdict of legal

force ", was analyzed and estimated. The positions of scientists in this issue are

13

considered and their own vision regarding the need for correction of the mentioned

law-enforcement realities was expressed.

The separate questions of application of precautionary measures in the form

of detention in the preparation of proceedings for an appeal review were

investigated.

The conclusions and propositions presented in the dissertation, which have

both theoretical and practical significance, can be used: a) for scientific research

purposes for the further development of the issues of precautionary measures in

the form of detention; b) in normative activity during the improvement of the

current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine; c) in law-enforcement activities

to provide practical assistance to investigators, prosecutors, investigating judges

and judges in applying the law; d) in the teaching and learning process in the

preparation of textbooks, manuals and methodological materials on the criminal

process, as well as during the teaching of disciplines Criminal procedure,

Theory and practice of the application of measures to ensure criminal

proceedings, Judicial control during pre-trial investigation in criminal

procedure.

Keywords: detention, right to liberty and personal integrity, precautionary

measures, measures to ensure criminal proceedings, coercive measures.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON THE TOPIC OF THE

DISSERTATION

Scientific works reflecting the main results of the dissertation:

1. Kolodchyn D. V. The current state of scientific knowledge of detention as

a precautionary measure. Comparative and Analytical law. 2016. 6. P. 255-257.

2. Kolodchyn D. V. Genesis of the criminal procedural institution of

detention. Law and Society. 2017. 2. P. 207-211.

14

3. Kolodchyn D. V. Taking into account foreign experience in improving the

normative regulation of preventive measures in the form of detention. Public law

2017. 4(28). P. 143-150.

4. Kolodchyn D. V. The term of detention during a trial: legislative

guarantees and practice of law enforcement. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhgorod

National University. Series: "Law". 2017. Issue. 46. P. 96-99.

5. Kolodchyn D. V. Determination of a bail as an alternative to keeping in

custody in cases provided for in Part 5 of Art. 176 CPC: on the basis of judicial

practice. Law and Society. 2017. 6. P 181-187.

Publications certifying the approbation of the materials of the dissertation:

1. Kolodchyn D. V. Detention as a precautionary measure: the development

of scientific thought and the prospects of further research. Scientific potential and

prospects of the development of legal science: Materials of the International

Scientific and Practical Conference (Zaporizhzhia, March 1718, 2017).

Zaporizhzhia. 2017. P. 109-111.

2. Kolodchyn D. V. To the issue of determining the size of a bail as an

alternative to a detention in the motion of an investigator, prosecutor. The Urgent

Issues of the Criminal Process from the Standpoint of Young Researchers:

Materials of the IX All Ukr. Scient. Conf. of Students and Postgraduate Students

(Kharkiv, May 16. 2018). Kharkiv. 2018. P. 4345.

2

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Documents

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИnauka.nlu.edu.ua/download/diss/Kolodchin/d_Kolodchin.pdf · повідомлення їй про підозру і