fivE 6E(U; xwpi~ l'OV 0EO

'H 8AlP£p~ Ttop£[a T~~ EupWTtll~

Ttp6~ T~V KaflTtaAlGTlK~ 8PllGK£[a

dl06wpo<; PUflflo<;

'IaTopLK6C; - APXaLOA6yOC;

rivE 9£6c xwpic T6v 8£6 'H 9A.iB£Pn nopda Tile Eupwnne

np6c Tnv Kaj..lrtOA.ioTIK..r1 9pnITKda

Ae~va 2018

EiKOVQ £~WCPUAAOU: A£TtTof-l£p£la ano (wypacplKO nlvaKa TOU Domenico Ghir­

landaio. '0 npwTo~ ano aPlaT£pa dvat 6 MapalAlo <PlTalvo, 6 «naTplapXTJ~» TWV Eupwnalwv anOKPUcplaTWV.

EiKOVQ oma8ocpuAAOU: XapTTJ~ T~~ r£pf-lavlK~~ aUToKpaTopla~, T~V 6nola OTJf-llOUP­

YTJaav ol ~lwvlaT£~ TO 1871.

Email: diodorosrammos@gmail.com

'EKOOTlK~ l1apaywy~ C2fitHC' TilA.: 210-34.76 .090

F

IIEPIEXOMENA

IIpoAoyo<; ........................................................... ..................................... 7

Tl eLVUlO LlWVl0f.L0<; ............................................................................... 9

.6.0Yf.LUTU T~<; KUf.L7tuAU ........................................................... ............... 9

'H 0'lA'lTllp1uo'l T~<; eUpW7ta'LK~<; OKE",'l<; .......................................... 12

'H KUTUKT'l0'l T~<; Bpnuvvlu<; ................................................... ..... .. ... 13

NTe·L0f.L0<; Kul .6.lu<pWTl0f.L0<; .................................................................. 14

M ' , r' - '" - 15 UOOVlU, TO m::.,lKO TOU ..:...lWVl0f.L0U .................................................. ..

POOOOTaUPOl, Olouvuf.LeL<; KUTUOp0f.LWV TOU LlWVlOf.LOU .................. 16

'!AAOUf.LlVUTOl, Ol7te<pWTl0f.LEVOl 7tp60pOf.LOl TOU KOf.Lf.LOUVlOf.Lou ...... 18

Tpu7te~LTe<;, ol VEOl ~a<JlAlaoe<; T~<; EupW7tll<; .................................... 19

rUAAlK~ E7tUVUOTuoll, 0 7tPWTO<; <JlWVlOTlKO<; 8pluf.L~0<; .................. 21

'H E~U7tAWOll TWV POT<JlAT .................................................................... 22

'EAAllvlK~ E7tUVUOTU0'l Kul E8vlKlOf.LO<; ............................................... 23

'!AAOUf.LlVUTOl Kul EPYUTlKO KlVllf.LU .............. .. ..................................... 25

KupA Mup~, 0 f.LEyU<; Kuf.L7tUAloT~<; ....................................... .. ............ 27

'H ~TTU T~<; l\ploTepa.<; cmo TOV MUP~lOf.L0 ........................................ 28

Xpuo~ AuY~:Epf.LllTLOf.L0<; Kul aPxaLoAuTpe<; ...... ............................... 30

'H KUTuoKeu~ T~<; repf.Luvlu<; ............................................................... . 31

'0 7tlO etAlKPlv~<; f.Luoovo<; ............................ ......... ............. ................. .33

LlWVlOTE<; EvuvTlov'E~pulwv ............. ... .. ................ ....... ..................... 34

'H KUTUpy'l0'l TWV ouo <puAwv ....................................... ...................... 36

'E7tlAoy0<; ................................................................................................ 39

IIupuPTllf.Lu ............................................................................................ 41

Bl~AloYPu<plu ......................................................................................... 45

npo~oyo~

"€atw Kai av anoMaaa'Iatopia Kai APXaLOAoyia (ato EKI1A), OEV ~mopwa va ~pw anavt~a£L(; aE nOAAa Epwt~flata, aXE­

tLKa flE to napEA8ov. I10AAa YEyoVOta floU <paivovtav aKatavo­TJta, napaAoya. 'H Eupwna'(K~ latopia dVaL YEvLKa napaAoYTJ, Eatw Kai av 0 6p80AOYLafl0C; dVaL OTJflL01JPYTJfla twv Eupwnaiwv.

fLati ot EupwnalOL, ano tOV 180 alwva Kai EnELta, EnaVaata­tTJaav Evavtiov toU XpLatOU, t~C; 8pTJaKEiac;, tou 8£Ou;

fLati ~ 'EAAaOa, nou nOA£flTJaE Kai atouc; LlUO I1aYKoaflLouc; I1oAEflouC; ato nAwpo twv VLKTJtWV, flE t~v A~~TJ twv nOAEflwv ~Y~KE KatwtpaflflEvTJ, avti YLa VLK~tpLa;

fLati aE oAa ta '\fuxaywYLKa flEaa npO~aAAnaL ~ aatpoAo­yia (wpoaKoma, npo~AE'\fTJ tOU flEAAOVTOC;), EVW ~ £mat~flTJ EXEL anood~EL OtL ta aatpa Mv enTJpEa(ouv t~v (w~ flac;;

Tic; anavt~aELC; Mv tic; ~p~Ka ato I1avEmat~flLo, aAAa tou­AaXLatov KanOLOL <pLAOtLflOL Ka8TJYTJtEC; flE oioa~av va '\faxvw. Na aKa~w, flEXPL va ~pw t~v aA~8ELa. Kai t~v ~p~Ka aE flia anA~ <ppaaTJ, EVOC; auyxpovou ayiou t~C;'EKKATJaiac; flac;, toU 'Oaiou I1a­taiou toU AYLOpEitOU: «Ot LLwvLatec; OOUAEUOUV twpa, ~EPELC; no­aa xpovLa; Kal250!». Auto £Lnw8TJKE atic; apXEC; t~C; oEKaniac; toU 1990, OnOtE 1990 - 250 = 1740! Ti va EYLVE apaYE yupw ato 1740;

TotE ~tav nou ot KaflnaALatEC; 'E~palOL (LLwvLatEC;), ExovtaC; OLELaOUaEL fla(LKa atic; flaaovLKEC; atoEC;, tic; dxav flEtatpE'\fEL aE vaouc; t~c; KaflnaALatLK~C; 8pTJaKdac;, ~ onoia flEXPL tOtE ~tav «aatEYTJ»! Tautoxpova anEKtTJaav Eva 6PyavwflEvo OlKtUO npa­KtOpwV Kai atpatLwtwv, nou epya(ovtaL flEXPL a~flEpa YLa t~v laonEowaTJ toU XpLatLaVLaflou at~v EupwnTJ Kal t~V avtLKata­ataa~ tou flE t~v KaflnaAa.

F

C lwvlolloe; £lvaL IlUOTlK~ 8pTjOKWnK~ opyaVWOTj nov emOtwKEl T~V oTjllloupyla IllUe; naYKoOIlLae; Kal aiwvlae; mJLOKpaTOplae;,

Ile enlKEVTpO T~v'IEpouoaA~1l (~ LlWV, onwe; UAAlWe; AtYETaL). 'H 8pTjOKEla TWV LlWVLaTWV £lvaL ~ KallnaAa (~ KallnaAaX,

il~~~ OTa E~pa'(Ka), 0 E~pa'(KOe; unoKpu<plolloe; (oaTavloIlOe;). TO. tE­pa ~l~Ala TOU LlWVlOIlOU £lVaL TO Le<pEp HETmpaX (Sefer Yetzirah) KalTo ZOXap (Zohar), UAAa exouv xpTjmllonol~oEl Kal UpKEl£e; <ppaOEle; uno T~V IIaAaLa ~la8~KTj, u<pOU npwTa T~V napanolouv <PPlKTa.

'H opaOTj TOU LlwvlOlloU ~EKlVU enloTjlla oTle; upxee; TOU 180u aiwva Kal emKE<paA~e; T£8TjKE ~ OiKoy£vEla TWV AOKEva~l'E~pal­wv T~e;. <DpaVK<poVpTTje; POTatAT (Rothschild). LTjIlElwT£ov, Ka­IlnaAlOT~e; Kal LlWVlOT£e; O£V £lvaL OAOl Ot 'E~palol, UAAa Ilia oUyKEKPlll£vTj 0llaoa. 'Ynapxouv 'E~palOl nov uVTlTl8EVlaL OTOV LlwvlollO, lleXPl o~IlEpa.

TO. epya Kalo TEAlKOe; oKonOe; TWV LlWVlaLWV exouv np0<pTj­Tw8d uno TOV npo<p~TTj ~avl~A (OT~V IIaAaLa ~la8~KTj), OTO ~l­~Alo T~e; AnOKaAU\j!EWe; (KaLV~ ~la8~KTj) KalTa TEAwTala xpovla uno Tov'Omo IIaTmo TOV AylOpElTTj (1924-1994).

T 0 E~pa'(Ko e8voe; £lXE yvwplo£l TOV unoKpu<plollo TWV nOAu8E­'(OTWV T~e; AvaToA~e;, TWV Aiyumlwv, TWV Xavavalwv KalTwv

Ba~uAwvlwv, Ot onolol 11£ T~V OElpa TOUe; £lXav Ota8Ex8dTOVe; upxaloue; LouIlEploue;. 'OATj ~ nopEla TOUe; OT~V IIaAaLa ~la8~KTj

IP"'-

10 6I060POI PAMMOI

£iVaL flia TapaxWCT]<.; ax£aT] avaflwa aTOV aAT]8lVo eEO (nax~£) Kai TOU<.; CaLflOVlKOU<.; 8wu<.; TOU nOAu8daflou, aav T~V ),uvaiKa nou aAAOTE £ivaL maT~ aTOV au(u)'o KaL aAAOTE flOlXEUEl.

Tov anoKpucplaflo an£<pEu)'av va TOV KaTa),pcn/,ouv, ~TaV KU­p[w<.; fluanK~ npocpoplK~ napacoaT], £VTEAW<.; avncpanK~ Ka[ napaAO)'T]. TIlO E)'KUpT] nT])'~ ElVaL ~ flEAtTT] aT~V KaflnaAa TOU rKtpaofl LOAEfl (Gerschom Scholem), nou auvC£El T~V Kaflna­Aa flt TOV ),vwanKlaflo KaL aAAa napa8pT]aKEUnKa KlV~flaTa T~<'; pWfla'iK~<'; Enox~<.;. KaTa)'pacpT]KE EniaT]fla aTO ~l~A[O Zoxap (130<'; at. fl.x.), EVW TOV 160 aiwva Eflcpav[(ETaL fl[a v£a KaflnaAa, fl£ auyypacpta Tov'IaaCtK Aoupla. 'H KaflnCtAa ~pLaKETal at nA~pT] aU)'KpouaT] fl£ TCt KELflEVa T~<'; TIaAaLu<.; L1la8~KT]<';, TCt anoia tpflT]­VElJEl flt napCtAo),o Tpono.

BaaLKCt KaflnaAlanKCt OO),flaTa ElVaL TCt t~~<.; napavo'lKa: TCt naVTa ElVaL 8EO<'; (nav8daflo<.;, AaTpda TIl<'; cpuaT]<';), onw<.;

Ka[ a av8pwno<.;, nou ElVaL 8EO<'; ano flovo<.; TOU! 'H flEAtTT] KaL aaKT]aT] TIl<'; KaflnaAa imOaXETaL on 8Ct MT])'~aEl TOV av8pwno aT~V TtAEla ),vwaT], Vct avaKaAu\j!El TOV 8EO nou KpU~El fltaa TOU. eEO<'; KaL L1T]flloup),La ELVaL clwnaafltva, a 8EO<'; (KET£p) EXEl 10 l8LoTT]TE<.;, TCt aEcplpoT, ElVaL avcpa<.; KaL )'uvaLKa fla(L(!), anCt 8L­aanCtaTT]KE a£ aVCplK~ KaL 8T]AUK~ 8EOTT]Ta, onw<.; Ka[ a npWTO<'; av8pwno<.;, a Adam Kadmon, nou ~Tav avcpo)'uvo<.;, nou napa­aUpETaL ano TtTwaT] at TtTwaT].

LTO LUflnav auvunapxouv Mo 8WL, a KaAo<,; 'Ewacpopo<.; (Lucifer) KaL 6 KaKo<,; ACOVCtl (TWV Xplanavwv). 'O 'Ewacpopo<.; CP£pVEl T~V )'vwaT] aTov avSpwno, 6 ACOVCtl T~V Tupavv[a, TO Ka­KO aTOV Koaflo, nou nT])'Ct(El cmo T~V 'EKKAT]a[a. Ot onaCOL TOU 'Ewacpopou (iAAoufllVCtTOl, flaaovOl) 8Ct naA.t\j!ouv fl£xpl va VlK~­aouv TOU<.; maTou<.; TOU A8ovCtl.

LTO T£AO<'; 8Ct EPS£[ 6 KaflnaAlaTlKO<'; flwala<.;, Sct anOKaTaaT~­aEl Ta auvTplflflla TIl<'; KaTaaTpocp~<,;, 8Ct AUTpwaEl TO av8pwm-

F

fINE 0EOL XO,PIL TON 0EO 11

vo yEVO~ Ka[ TO '(OLO TO O1Jfl7taV cmo TOV J\OOV(a, O[VOVTa~ TEAO~ OTOV OUlOflO, T~V mXAll KUAOU Ka[ KaKOU.

'H 0llflEPLV~ y~ Ka[ 0 avSpW7tO~ 8EWPOUVTaL ~E7tWflO~, 011-flL01JPYllfla TOU KaKOU J\oovca, 7tOU 7tpE7tEL va KaTaaTpacpouv. '0 aAllSLvo~ SEO~ OEV eXEL 0XEOll flE TOV KOOflO Ka[ T~V (W~ TOU, aAAa flE TOV aV!.lJTEpO, imEpcpumKO KOOflO. 'H AUTPWOll (tikkun) epXE1'aL flEoa a7tO T~V flETEvoapKwoll (gilgul), 0XL a7tO T~V flETaVOLa Ka[ a7tO Ka7tOLOV OWT~pa.

Ta aOTpa dVaL S£O[, 7tOU E7tllPEa(ouv TOU~ SVllTOU~ av8pw-7tOU~, Ka[ imapxouv Ka[ E~WY~LVE~ flOpCPE~ (w~~. Oi aAAOL Aao[, oi goyim, dVaL KaTWTEpa 7tAaaflaTa, avSpW7tOflopcpa (wa, 7tOU 7tpE-7tEL va dVaL OOUAOL OTOU~ Kafl7taALaTE~'E~pa[ou~.

Kaflia SpllaKELa OEV AEEL flovll Tll~ T~V aA~SELu, OAE~ 7tllya(ouv a7to T~V Kafl7taAa Kai KaTaA~Youv aE aUT~v (7tavSpllaKELa). ME T~V yvwall 8a epSEL ~ YEa E7tOX~' ~ flwmavLK~ E7tOX~' 7tOU 8a EiVaL aTaSEp~ Kai ulwvLa. ea 7tpollYllSEi, 0flw~, ~ 7taAll KaAou Ka[ KaKOU.

LT~V 7tapaVO"(K~ aKE\(IllTwv LLWVLaTWV, TO KaKO dVaL ~ 8Pll­aKELa T~~ EupW7tll~' 0 XpLanaVlaflo~, 7tOU 60llyEi aT~V ouaTUX[U TOV av8pw7t0. Oi LLWVLaTE~ exouv LEpO Ka8~KOV va auvTpi\(louv TOV J\oovaL, TOV eEO TOU XpLanavLaflou, aAAa Kai Ta KaTwTEpa 7tAaaflaTa, l'OU~ XpLanavou~. ea E7tLKpaT~aEl 0 'Ewacpopo~, 7tOU 8a ~amAEuaEl 7tavw aTa auvTpiflflLa TOU 7tapEA80vTO~. "Av E7tL­(~aouv goyim, aUToi Sa 7tpOaKUVouv alwvLa TOV Kafl7taALanKO flwaia aT~V 'IEpouaaA~ fl.

'OAll aUT~ ~ SPlloKEUTLK~ 7tapaVOLa dVaL ~ cpAoya 7tOU KaiEl flEaa aTi~ KapOLE~ TWV Kafl7tUALaTWv 'E~paiwv, EOW Kai alwvE~. AUT~ Sa Efl7tVEUaEL TOU~ P01'O'lAL, TOV Map~, TOV <l>pouvT, TOU~ flaaovou~, l'OU~ lAAouflLvaTou~. LT~V auvELolla~ TOU~ dVaL flaXll­TE~ aTOV aTpaTo TOU 'Ewacpopou, TO epyo TOU~ dVaL iEpO, dVaL SpllaKEuTLKo KaS~Kov va E7tL~aAOUV T~ Kafl7taAa aE OAll T~V UCP~ALO, aAAa Kupiw~ aT~v EupW7tllTOU J\oovaL.

AUTO~ 0 Koaflo~ dVaL evu aKou7tiOL, eva KOUPEAL TOU apXLKou

12 L'lI0611POI PAMMOI

TEA.elOU KO<Jflou. LKOTWVOVme; XPl<JTlUV01Je; ~ KUTUOTpEcpOVme; Tle; XWpEe; TOUe;, Tle; <JUV£l(S~<JEle; TOUe;, TOUe; 8wfloue; TOUe;, Ku8u­pl(Ele; TOV KOOflo ano KanOLa oKounl8tu, ~oTj8ae; TOV flwolu <JTO TEAlKO TOU epyo! I'1EV dVaL iEpO Kul ayLO Kul 8capWTO TO epyo TWV KUflnuAl<JTwV;

r H KUplUPXlu TWV LlWVlOTWV <JT~V EupwnTj OEV 6cpElAETaL floVO OT~V 6pyuvwflEVTj Kul flE808tK~ Opa<JTj TOUe;, aAAa Kul 01'0 OTl

oi EupwnulOl YOTjTEUTTjKUV ano T~V E~pa'LK~ KUf.maAU Kul yEVlKO­TEpU ano TOV anoKpucpl<Jflo. To KUKO ~EKlvTj<JE <JT~V <1>AWPEVTlu TO 1462 flE TOV numKo (PWflaLOKU80AlKO) KATjplKO Mup<JlAlO <1>lT<Jlvo (Fieino), 0 onolOe; apXl<JE va flEAETa Kul va 8tOa<JKEl anOKpucpl­OTlKa KdflEVU, AtyOVTue; OTl ~ fluydu ~mv apxulu tm<JTTjflovlK~ yvw<JTj. AXOAOu8wVTUe; TOV <1>LT<Jlvo, 0 flu8TjT~e; TOU, 0 T(o~avvl MlpaVTOAU (Giovanni Pico della Mirandola), OUVMUOE T~V flE­AtTTj T~e; KUflnaAU flE Tov 'EpflTjTl<Jflo (apxulu uiyunTlUK~ fluydu).

Ano Ton: ~EKlVa ~ AEYOflEVTj 'lTUAlK~ AvuYEvvTjOTj, ~ onolu <JT~V npuYflUTlKOTTjTU ~TUV ~ tVTUTlK~ tVU<JXOATj<JTj flE T~V KUflnaAU. KUflnUAl<JTlKa KelflEVU flETUcppa<JTTjKUV btl<JTjflU TO 1517 ano TOV rEpfluvo CPlAOAOYO Kunvlwvu (Johann Reuchlin) flE TOV TlTAO «De Arte Cabbalistica». Ana TOTE, oi nEpl<J<JOTE­pOL 8ta<JTjflOl 8tUVOOUflEVOl Kul tm<JT~flOVEe; T~<; EupwnTj<; flE­AETTj<JUV T~V KUflnaAu, ano TOV NEUTWVU Kul TOV ITUpaKEA<JO flEXPl TOV AalflnVlTe;, TOV AOK Kul TOV Pou<J<Jw.

'H KUflnaAU OTjATjTTjpla<JE TOV xwpo T~e; Eupwnu'LK~e; Ola­vOTj<JTj<; Kal 8taflopcpw<JE TOV flTjxavl<Jflo <JKE\jITj<; TWV tm<JTTj­flovwv, tvw napaAATjAa a.VOl~E OlanAaTU TOV opoflO Yla T~V KUTomv~ Kuplapxlu TWV KaflnuAl<JTwV-LlWVl<JTWV <JTOU<; ouo TEAEUTalou<; UlWVE<;.

p

fINE eEm: XOPI'L TON eEO l3

to ~aaLAlae; T~e; AyyAiae; Edward I flE OtaTaYfla TO 1290 £Otw-~E OAOUe; TOUe; 'E~paioue;, nou KaTolKouO'av O'TO TOTE ~aO'i­

AElO T~e; AyyAiae;. AUTO KpaTTjO'E flEXpl TO 1657, OlaV flia Ofla8a 'E~paiwv (~TTjO'E ano TOV Oliver Cromwell va TOUe; £7tlTPE'\'El va £navEA80uv O'T~V AyyAia, fl£ aVTaAAaYfla va cpEpOUV xp~fla Kai £nEvouO'Ele;, T~V nEpicpTjflTj OlKovofllK~ avamu~l1!

'EvTwflETa~u, ~ KaflnaAlO'TlK~ 8pTjO'K£la dXE npo nOAAou Ol­£lO'OUO'£l O'T~V AYYAia, fl£O'w aAAwv KaflnaAlO'Twv Eupwnaiwv. XapaKTTjplO'TlKO napaOElY!J.a T~e; nV£uflallK~e; napaK!J.~e; T~e; aYYAlK~e; ~y£O'ia<; ~Tav Oll ~ OlaO'Tj!J.Tj ~aO'iAlO'O'a 'EAlO'a~£T A' ELXE npoO'W7tlKO O'Ufl~OUAO TOV <pavallKo Ka!J.naAlO'T~ Kai aO'TpoAoyO John Dee.

'H !J.EyaATj £7tlTuxia TWV 'E~paiwv O'Ta ayyAlKa £oa<pTj ~Tav all n£Tuxav (npocpavw<; !J.E KanOlO OlKOVOfllKO aVTaAAay­!J.a) va TOU<; £7tlTpam:1 ~ dO'ooo<; Kai O'Ti<; ayyAlKE<; flaO'OVlK£<; O'TO£<;, ano T~V £nox~ TOU ~aO'lAla fEwpyiou A' (1717), £vw fl£Xpl TOTE £7tlTpEnOTav !J.OVO 0'£ BpETavvoU<;. AUT~ ~Tav ~ apx~ T~<; KaTaKTTjO'Tj<; T~<; MEyaATj<; Bp£Tavvia<; ano TOU<; Ll­WVlO'T£<;, Kall nou ~Tav OHaplO TOO'O Yla T~v'EAAaOa, 00'0 Kai Yla T~V Kunpo, Ka8w<; ano TOTE ~ ~pETaVVlK~ nOAlTlK~ £~unTj­pETET TO. O'UflcpEpOVla TWV LlWVlO'TWV.

Ol, KaTa TO. aAAa O'uflflaXOl Kai e-ralpOl fla<;, 'AYYAOl enaL~av OA£8plO POAO O'T~V [O'mpia Twv'EAA~VWV, ~OTj ano T~V £nox~ T~<; £naVaO'TaO'Tj<; TOU 1821 (ooAocpovia TOU KanooiO'Tpla), 0Xl AOYW TOU Ct7tAOU aYYAlKoU Aaou, onou im~pxav KainoAAoi CPl­HAATjVE<;, aAAa AOYW TOU OTl ~ ~p£TavvlK~ ~y£O'ia £AEYXOTav ano TOU<; Ka!J.naAlO'TE<; 'E~paiou<;.

..... 14 ~IOM1POL PAMMOL

ro 6p80AO),lOfloe; dVaL 8rWLOup),'lfla TOU tAA'lV10flou. TIaT£-pae; TOU 6p80AO),lOfloU elVaL 0 APloToT£AT]e;, 0 OnOLOe; TOV

40 at. n.X. 8efleAiwoe Tie; apx£e; Kai Ta 8e80fl£va T~e; AO)'lK~e;. Ol "EAA'lVee; oocpoi OT~V apXaLOTT]Ta fnaVaatcXt'l0av nvwfla­nKa fvavTla OT~V apxaia tAAT]VlK~ 8pT]oKela, aAAa nOTe 8ty aflcplO~~TT]oav T~V i)nap~'l TOU eeau .~ TO on 0 eeoe; fnefl­~aivel OT~V av8pwmv'lloTopla. AnAa, ava(~T'loav aAAou T~V aA~8ela Kai 0Xl OTO Llw8eKa8ea.

'H 8ewpia on 0 eeoe; <Stv fnefl~aiv£l OT~V (w~ TWV av8pw­nwv fflcpav[(eTaL )'la npwTT] cpopa OTOUe; Ae),OfleVoue; raAAOUe; 8lacpwTLOT£e;, ol onOLOl ioXupiatT]Kav on 0 eeoe; 8'lflLOup)'T]Oe TOV KOOflo Kal fleta TOV napaT'loe, 8£v aoxoA~8T]Ke ~ava fla­([ TOU! AUT~ ~ 8ewpla 6vo!la(etaL vTe'lOfloe; Kai fl£ ~a0'l TOUe; VTe"ioTte; OAee; ol 8p'lOKelee; dVaL flaTaLee; Kai \j!eUTlKee;. LT~V 8toT] T~e; 8pT]oKelae; £~aAav T~V AO)'lK~, AaTpe\j!aV T~V AO)'lK~, oav va ~Tav 8ea, Ka[ OT~V 8toT] TOU eeau £~aAav T~V <DuoT].

AUT~ ~ 8ewpia, ~£~aLa, ~Tav £flnvwofltvT] ano Tie; Kaflna­AlonKte; 80~ao[ee; Ka[ Tdow ano TOUe; nep[cpT]floue; CPlAOOOCPOUC; TOU ),aAAlKou Lllacpwnoflou (TOU 180u atwva) Kpu~oTav KaTa Kavova ~ 8paoT] TWV LlWVlOTWV, ol onOlOl fvioxuav Ka[ XP'l­flaTlKa T~V £~cmAwoT] TOU vTe"ioflou. XapaKTT]ploTlK~ nepi­nTw0T] etVaL 0 Kopucpmoc; raAAOe; LllacpwnoT~e;, 0 Bohalpoc;, nou XAeua(e TO. naVTa, aAAa oUflna80uoe T~V flaoovla Kai OTO T£AOe; T~e; (w~e; TOU (1778) £)'lVe fnioT]fla flaoovoc;, OT~V neplcpT]flT] )'aAAlK~ OTOa Neuf Sreurs.

Ol 8laCPOPOl anaTeWVee; lOToplKoi toxupi(oVTaL on aUT~ ~ nvwflaTlK~ f~£)'ePOT] TWV LllacpwTloTWV fVaVna OTOV eeo ~Tav anoT£Awfla T~e; nveuflanK~C; TUpavviac;, nou dXe (~­Oel ~ EupwnT] ano TOV TIamoflo. AUTo <Stv tOXUel, Ka8wc; ol EupwnalOl e1Xav ~8T] £navaOTaT~Oel fVaVTla OTOV TIana, oTiC;

fINE eEO~ XnpI~ TON eEO 15

Ctpxe<:; TOU 160u aiwva, fle TO KLVT]fla TWV ITpoTwTaVTWV. Me­Xpl KaL TOV 170 aiwva oi EUpW7talOl olavoouflfVOl, fhf ITa-7tlKOL fhf ITpoTWTo.VTf<:;, ~Tav ae 7tAo.VT], eIxav 7tapaaup8ei Ct7tO TOV Ct7tOKpu<plaflo (Kafl7to.Aa-epflT]Tlaflo), CtAAo. 7tOTe oev

Ctfl<pt~aAav ylo. T~V u7tap~T] KaL T~V 7tpOVOla TOU 8eou, 07tw<:; CtVTLaTOlxa eIXav Ko.Vfl oi CtPXalol "EAAT]Vf<:; ao<poi.

'E7tl7tAtov, EaTw KaL UV ~Tav aipfTlKOL Ka[ 7tAavT]fleVol, at~ovTav Ka[ EKTlflOUaaV TO 7tpOaW7tO TOU 'IT]aou XplaTOU. 'H CtVTl8pT]aKfUTlK~ flav[a KaL TO fllaO<:; Ct7teVaVTl Ka[ aTOV '(OLO TOV XplaTO, 7tOU Efl<pav[(fTaL Ct7tO TOV yaAAlKo L1la<pWTl­

aflo Ka[ E7tflTa, ~TaV OT]fllODpYT]fla TWV Kafl7taAlaTWV'E~paL­WV, 7tOU OUaTUXW<:; 8plo.fl~fUaf aT~V EUpW7tT], KUp[W<:; flEaW T~<:; flaaOVLa<:;. Ka[ flE TOV EPXOflO TOU 190u aiwva, OT]fllOUP­YT]aav Ka[ TO K[VT]fla T~<:; a8da<:;, 7tOD OAOKA~pWaf TO EPYO TWV VTe'(aTWV.

To oOYfla TOU vTe'(aflou-a8f'(aflou KUplo.pXTJaf Ka[ aTo. ITa­

Vf7tlaT~flla, 07tOU E7tl~A~8T]Kf fle T~V floP<P~ fllU<:; CtAT]8lV~<:; Ol­KTaTop[a<:;: 07tOlO<:; TOAfl~afl Vo. 0floAoy~afl OTl 7tlaTfUfl OTl 0 8fO<:; E7tffl~a[Vfl aT~V av8pw7tlvT] iaTopLa Ka[ aTov VALKO KO­

aflo, 8fWPfLTaL «£X8poq> T~<:; £7tlaT~flT]<:; Ka[ T~<:; AOYlK~<:;, CtVO­T]TO<:;, aKoTa8taT~<:; K.A7t .. EUTUXW<:; 7tOD oi LlWVlaTE<:; Mv EXOUV £7tl~o.Afl aKoflT] Ka[ 'Ifpo. 'E~eTaaT] aTL<:; axoAt<:;, waTf 07tOlO<:; <pOlTT]T~<:; apvT]8fl TOV £7tlaTT]flovlKO vTf'(aflo, Vo. PLXVfTaL aT~v 7tUpo.!

MUOOVlU, 'T61t£~lK6 'TOU l:lWVlOfloU

To 1717 iopufTaL ~ Meyo.AT] TfKTovlK~ LTOo. TOU Aovo[vou, aT~v o7to[a £7tLTpo.7tT]Kf, 07tw<:; 7tpoava<pepaflf, Vo. y[vouv fle­

AT] Ka[ 'E~paLol, Ct7tO TO 1724 Ka[ E7tflTa. Ko.7tw<:; ETCJl 8teLaouaav fla(lKo. aT[C; TfKTovlKec; (~ MaaovlKe<:;) LToec; Ka[ oi Kafl7taAlOTec;

16 t.IOt.OPOL PAMMOI

'E~palOl, oloTtoIOl flEaa a£ Aiya XPOVlct flnEtpE\jIaV tic; flaaovl­KEe; atOEe; aE vaOUe; t~e; KaflTtaAlanK~e; 8pfJaKdae;. Movo TtOU TO TtEtuxaV £V ayvoic;t twv aTtAWV flaaovwv, Ka8we; ol TtPWTOl ~a8floi T~e; flaaOVlK~e; lEpapxiae; OEV ~~EpaV Ti aUfl~aivEl atoue; avwtEpOUe; ~a8flOUe;, aTtO tov 180 flEXPl tov Kopucpaio, tOY 330 ~a8flo.

'H KaflTtaAlanK~ TtA.£OV flaaovia £TtEKta8fJKE auvTofla aT~v faAAia, at~v fEpflavia Kai apyoTEpa <Jt~v imoOouAfJ 'EAAaOa, at~v K£pKupa to 1781 Kai at~v ZaKuv80 TO 1793. Ol flaaovol tEAlKa flnatpaTtfJKaV aE atpanwtEe; TOU Llwvlaflou. To aUfl­~OUAlO TWV KaflTtaAlaTwv'E~paiwv (Ot aTpaTfJyoi) aTtocpa<Jl­(E, EOlVE tie; £vtOA.£e; atoue; apXfJyoue; twv flaaovlKwv aTOWV (auvtaYflatapXEe;) Kai aUToi OtETa(av toue; xaflfJAo~a8floue; flaaovoue; (atpatlwtEe;).

LTo TtEpaafla TOU Xpovou oi flaaovlKEe; aTOEe; £7tEKtaSfJKaV Toao TtOAU, TtOU KatacpEpaV va £A.£y~ouv Ka8E ntux~ t~e; KOl­vwvlae;. i\VWtEPOl aTpanwTlKol, OlKaaTlKol, KaSfJYfJTEe; IIa­VEnl<JTfJfllwv, aAAa nPOnaVTWV nOAlTlKOl, Enp£7tE va ylvouv flaaovOl, Yla va EXOUV £Anloa va cpTaaOUV af. KanOla U\jlfJA~ 8tOlKfJTlK~ 8f.afJ."H Civ OEv yivovTav flaaovol, Enp£7tE va £KTE­AOUV Tie; £VTOA.£e; TWV flaaovwv, Yla va fl~v KlvOuvEuaouv.

P0600'TUUPOl, Ol 6uvar.t£l~ KUTU6p0r.twv TOV ~lWVlO'r.tOV

O i LlwvlaTEe;" acpo,u KaTa~EpaV va OfJ,flloupy~a~uv ~ov ~aKnKo toue; aTpaTo, tOUe; flaaovoue;, TtpoxwpfJaav Kctl aTfJv auaTaafJ

ei8tKWV oflaowv, Ot OTtOlEe; Sa avaAafl~avav eiolKEe; anoatoAEe;, TtOV A6yw TOU ~a8flou ouaKoAiae; Sa EnpETtE va £KTEAE<Jtouv ano Citofla flE t8taltEpo (~AO KallKavoTfJtEe;, aVTiaTOlxa flE TOY POAO TtOV EXOUY atov atpaTO ~fJpae; ol eiOlKEe; OUVafl£le; KaTa0pOflwv.

f fINE 0EOL XOPIL TON 0EO 17

na autov tov AOYO XPllaLfl01tolllaav tle; poOoatauplK£e; aOcA<po­tllt£e;, rroD rrpourr~pxav at~v Eupwrrll.

ot PoooataupOl ~tav flla 1tapa~£vll oflaoa av8pw1twv, rroD rrpoarra811aav va auvouaaouv xplanavlaflo Kal flayela, Kan 1tOD aa<paAWe; elVaL aauflplpaato. AaxoA~811Kav <pavanKa fl£ toV epfllltlaflo, t~v apxala alyurrtlaK~ flayela, t~v orroia D1tO­tL8£taL on oloa~£ 0 Tplafl£Ylatoe;'Epfl~c;, 0 orroloc; at~v rrpay­flatlKotllta o£v eX£l Kaflia oxtail flt t~v apxala 'EAAaoa, aAAa elVaL 0 alYU1ttlaKoc; 8£0c; ew8 (Thoth).

Ta epfllltlKa K£Lfl£va e<ptaaav ata x£pla twv Eupw1talwv fltaw tou 1tpwtou"EAAllva KaflrraAlat~, tou f£wpylou I1A~-8wvoc; f£fllatou, tov 150 at. fl.X. To 1614 0l1fl0aL£DovtaL Errl­allfla auta to. K£lfl£va ato Kassel t~e; f£pflavlac;, a1to t~v po­ooatauplK~ aO£A<potllta 1tOD im~px£ EKci, flt tov tltAo Fama Fraternitatis (<D~ flll t~e; AOEA<potlltoe;).

I1potKtaall t~e; epflllnK~e; flaydae; elVaL Kal ~ aAXllflda, o o1toia 1tpoa1ta8EI va auvouaaEl flayda Kal Emat~flll' I1a­paAAllAa, 1toAAol poooataupol flEA£touaav KaL t~v KaflrraAa, EKtOC; a1to t~v aAXllflda, flt a1tottAwfla va auvo£80uv uflwa flt tODe; Kafl1taAlatte; 'EppaLOUe;.

Arro to 1766 KaL errElta apxl~£l ~ Errlallflll Evwall pooo­ataupwv Kai flaaovwv, 0I1Aao~ ot poooataupol uPXlaav va yivovtaL fla~lKa Kal flaaovOl, Kal avtlatolxa rroAAol flaaovOl ela~A8av at poooatauplKtc; aO£A<potlltEe;. 'Oatoao, atoDe; po­ooataupoue; avatt811KE to fleyaA£lweee; epyo va aywvlatouv va E1tava<ptpouv at~v Eupwrrll t~v Aatpda twv apxalwv 8£wv, at papoe; tou Xplanavlaflou, va avaplwaouv tov ~£xaafltvo rroAu8E'laflo. Kai auto 8a Ylvotav, 1tavta flt t~v Ka80o~Yllall TWV Llwvlatwv, arro to 'EpflllnKo TaYfla t~e; Xpua~c; Auy~C; (The Hermetic Order of Golden Dawn)!

18 t.IOt.DPOI PAMMOI

'IAAOUr.UVCtTOl, oi 1tEq>WTlO'r.t£VOl rrp6cSp0r.t0l TOU K0r.tr.t0UVlO'r.t0U

O [ LlWvlat£~ ~p~KaV at~v EupwnT] toao ti~ flaaOvlK£~ ato£~, oao Kai ti~ poOoataUplK£~ aOtAcpotT]'TE~, OlelaOuaav Kai

atov~ OVo xwpou~ Kai Katacp£pav fl£ flawtpia va tOV~ £A£Y~OUV nA~pWe;, flEtatp£novtae; flaaovoue; Kai po06ataupoue; a£ aKOV<Jl­oue; flaXT]t£e; toO LlWVlOfloO.

'H flovT] 6flaoa, nov ol1flloupy~8T]K£ an' £u8elae; ano tove; LlWvlOt£e;, xwpie; va npounapX£l ot~v EupwnT], ~tav to taYfla twv lAAoufllvatwv (illuminati), OT]Aao~ twv (n£)cpWtlOfl£vWv, nov topv811K£ at~v Bauapia t~v 1 T] MaToD tou 1776, fl£ e1tlK£­cpaA~e; tov Balaxaount (Adam Weishaupt).

'E1tlcpav£laKa, ot lAAoDfllvatOl ~tav flia KA£lat~ A£aXll floP­cpwfl£vWV olavooufl£vwv, nov e1tlOiwKav va aAAa~OUV npoe; to KaAvt£pO t~V EupwnT]. 'H ~ywia toue;, ~£~aLa, ~tav cpavatl­KOt KaflnaAl<Jt£e;, nov onj!ouaav va ecpapfloaoDv Ot~V EupwnT] to <JlWVlatlKo OV£lPO: va ouvtpt\jlouv tov Xplatlavloflo, va OlaAvaouv ta napaOO<JlaKa £UPWna'lKa KpatT] Kat va imota­~ouv tove; naVt£e; Kat ta navta a£ flla navlaxupT] ~Y£Ola LlW­vlaTwv, ~ 6nola Mv 8a e1tltp£n£l otove; Eupwnaioue; out£ va aK£<jnovtaL.

A.ocpaAWe;, npoe; ta e~w ot lAAODfllvatOl, onwe; Kal ot flaao­VOL, K~puTTav aKpl~wc; ta aVTi8Eta: ol\jla Yla oT]floKpatla, Yla eAw8£pia, laotT]ta, aO£ACPOTT]ta, OlKaLOavvT]! Na enavaota­t~aoufl£ Yla oAa auta Ta imtpoxa iOaVlKa!

Kanwe; eTol ot LlWvlot£e; apXloav va ~WT]KWVOUV TOVe; ta­Aalnwpoue; Eupwnaloue;, o[ 6noLOl aKoflT] Kal o~fl£pa Mv Ka­TaAa~alvouv Otl oAa aUta ~Tav to OOAwfla, Yla va ~£Klv~a£l ~ enaVaOtaaT] evavtlov tou Xplotlavlaflou Kal TWV KpaTlKWV 8WflWV, nov im~pxav Ot~V EupwnT] fl£Xpl TOV 180 alwva.

"000 Kal va npoana80uaav, oflwe;, ot LlWVl<JT£C; va Kpa-

F fINE 8EOL XOPIL TON 8EO 19

1'~OOUV flU01'lK01J<:; TOV<:; UAll8lVOV<:; 01'0XOU<:; 7tOV E8ETaV, n:­AlKCt U7tOKaAU<p8llKaV 1'OV'IOVAlo 1'OU 1785, o1'av £va<:; lAAOU­fllVCt1'o<:; uYYEAla<popo<:; X1'u7t~8llKE U7tO £vav KEpauvo Kal1'Ct U7t0pPllTa Eyypa<pCt 1'OU<:; 7tEpl~A8av 01'Ct xepla 1'~<:; BauaplK~<:; UOTuvoflla<:;.

'H Ku~epvlloll1'~<:; Bauapla<:; E7tElTa K~pU~E OlwYflo 01'ov<:;

lAAOUfllVCt1'ou<:;, oi 7tEplOOOTEpOl U7tO TOV<:; 67tolou<:; Ka1'e<puyav OT~V AYYAla Kal1'~v faAAla, 7tPOETOlflCt(oV1'a<:; TO eoa<po<:; ylCt 1'~V faAAlK~ E7taVCt01'aOll Kal T~V Efl<PCtVlOll 1'OU KOflflOUVl­OflOU.

C e OAll T~V OtupK£la 1'OU 180u alWVa, oi LlWVlO1'£<:; OovAeuav fl£ 8aUfla01'~ 7tOVllpla Kal £7tlO£~lOTll-ra, 7tPOK£lfl£VOU vu Oll­

fllOUpy~oouv 1'l<:; 7tPOU7t08£0£l<:;, W01'£ vu lOO7t£OWOOUV 1'U 7tUV-ra 01'~V EUpW7tll. EIXav a7tOK1'~O£l a~loAoya Ka[ flaXllTlKa OT£A.£Xll 0XEOOV oe OA£<:; T[<:; fl£YUAE<:; £UpW7ta'lK£<:; 7tOA£l<:;, KUp[W<:; fl£ T~V E~U7tAWOll nvv (Kafl7taAlOnKWV 7tAeov) flaOOVlKWV OTowv."Eva flOVO l'OU<:; EA£l7t£, 1'0 xp~fla!

Ka[ au1'O 1'0 ~p~Kav aT~V 'lOta 7t£plOX~' 7tOU KU7tOT£ £flCPav[­oTllKav oi pOOOO-raUPOl, KOVTU OTO Kassel1'~<:; f£Pflav[a<:;, 07tOU y£vv~8llK£ 6 apXlo1'pU1'llY0<:; TOU LlWVlOflou, 6 flEyuAO<:; xayuvo<:;, 6 Y£Pflavocpwvo<:; AOK£va([ P01'aLA-r (Mayer Amschel Rothschild, 1744 - 1812), iopu1'~<:; fllCt<:; 7tav[oxuPll<:; OiKovofllKU OlKoy£v£la<:; 1'pa7t£(lTwV Ka[ £7tlX£lPllflanwv.

'0 POTaLA-r XPllaLfl07tOLllOE 1'~V ouvaflll1'OU xp~fla1'o<:;, 0Xl (mAU YlU vu £A.£Y~El av8pw7tou<:;, UAAU KpUTll Ka[ KU~£pV~O£l<:;, fl£oW TWV 1'pa7tE(lKwV oavdwv. Ka1'UAa~£ on oavd(ov-ra<:; U\jIllA01'OKa Ka[ flaKPoxpovla ouv£la oe KU~EPV~O£l<:;, 0Xl O£ cmAou<:; iOlW1'£<:; flovo, a7tOKTCt<:; apyu ~ yp~yopa 1'OV EA£yxo 6A6KAllpwV Aawv!

20 llIOllDPOL PAMMOr

n:VVTw.EVOe; or~v ~pavK<pouprTl (Frankfurt am Main), rllv bTOX~ nou ~ fEPflavla ~rav XWPLOflEVTl oe KparlOta ~ Kal flEya­AUTEpa KpaTTl, 07tWe; Ii ITpwoola, KaTa<pEPE va OtElOOUOEl OT~V aUA~ rou romKOU ~yEflova <DpwSEplKOU II (Landgrave of Hesse -Kassel) Kal va ylV£l TO «Oc~l tOU XEPl» ata OiKovofllKa. '0 yloe; Kal OlaOOXOe; TOU <DPElOcplKOU, Wilhem 1, 0Xl floVO olaT~PTloE Ol7tAa tou tov PotOlAt, aAAa Kal toV OloplaE we; imoupyo OiKovofllKWV (Hoffaktor) rou Kpanolou t~e; "EooTle; (Hesse) ro 1769, 0TlAaO~ E~aAE rov AUKO va TOU <pUAa~El ra Tlpo~aTa!

'0 POrOlAr, £xovTae; OTa xepla TOU T~V rEpaOna TlEplOUola TOU vwpou nplyKlTla, Kara<pEpE oe Alya xpovla va topua£l tpanE(Ee; ae Ola<pOPEe; nOAEle; at~v EupwnTl (OTEAVOVTae; TOUe; rEooEple; Yl­oue; TOU ae avtlatOlXEe; nOAEle;), fle aKono va napEl aTa xepla tOU 0Xl flOVO TOV OiKOVOfllKO EAEYXO nl>V aVTloTOlXWV XwpWV, aAAa Kal va £Koloouv ot rpanE(E<:; tou TO vOflLOfla r~e; Ka8E xwpae;, avtl Yla t~v £KaatOtE KU~Epvl1aTl' Kem nou oUfl~aivEl flEXPl a~flEpa Kal Yla T~V Eupwna'(K~"EvwoTl Kal Yla tle; HITA!

Ot Po-ratAr, oflwe;, flE toue; KaflnaAlorEe; auv£pyat£e; tOUe;, nE­-ruxav KaL Karl aKOflTl, mo avarpmnKO. 'A.AAa~av -r~v OiKOVOfllK~ OOfl~ OA6KATlP'l<:; t~e; EupwnTle;, ~ onola ano to flWaLWVlKO <p£­ouOaAlKo aUaTTlfla nEpaa£ oto rOKoyAu<plKO/tpan£(lKO. 'H OiKO­VOfllK~ ioxue; nepao£ atoue; Tpa7t£(liEe;, Ot onolol EYlvav 7tAEOV mo iOXUpOL ano TOUe; KU~£pV~t£e; (~aOlAlaOce;, npw8unoupyoue;, npoeopoue; K.ATl.). AAAa ot KuplapXOl-rpaTl£(lr£e; ~TaV Ot LlWVl­aree;, onoT£ flnop£1 va YKp£flla-rTlKav ra naAla aUTaPXlKa Ka-8wtwta, aAAa ot~v SEaTl tOue; oev fln~KE ~ £A£u8£pLa Kal ~ Ol­KaLOOUVTl, aAAa £vae; v£oe; navloxupoe; OlKratopae;, -ro OlwvlonKo tpan£(lKo ouatTlfla.

r fINE 8EOL XOPIL TON 8EO 21

n.l~~lK~ £nuvCto'TuoT), 6 npw'To~ OlWVlO'TlKO~ eplU~~O~

r H EKKoAamoflEvfl al1ToKpmopla dXE nAEOV Ta nana. Xp~fla, apXLaTpaTflYo, EmTEAElO, (HpanWTEC;. 'HTaV 8Efla xpovou va

apxlaEL 0 nOAEfloc;, ~ EKaTpaTEla va KaTaKT~aOUv T~V Eupwnfl. Kalo nOAEfloc; apxl(EL TO 1789, flE npwTo 8ufla TOV TaAamwpflflE­vo yaAALKo Aao. 'HYETflC; T~C; faAALK~C; EnavaaTaaflC; ~TaV ~ ofla­Oa TWV 'IaKw~lvwv, OL onolOL avaTpEnouv TO aUTapXLKO ~aaLALKO Ka8wTwc; T~C; faUlac;.

LXEOOV OAOL OL Kopu<palOL fUAAOL EnavaaTaTEe; ~Tav flaao­VOL, aAAa Mv dxav OAOL T~V 'lOLa YVWflfl, YLa TO nOLO npEnEL va dVaL TO flEAAOV T~C; faAAlac;. TEALKa, ~ LUVEAcuafl TOU Ena­vaaTaTll flEVOU Aaou XwplaTflKE TO 1792 aE OVo ~aaLKEC; na­paTa~ELC;, aTOUe; flETpLOna8dc; ~E~LOUC; (Girondins) Kal aTOUe; aKAfl ponu PflVLKOUe; Ap LaTEpOUe; (Montagnards) ~ 'IaKw~ lvoue;. Kanwc; ETaL OflflLoupy~8flKE aT~v Eupwnfl TO yvwaTo nOALTLKO OmOALKO auaTflfla T~C; ~E~L<Xe; Kal T~e; ApLaTEpac;.

MEaa aTa flEAfl, waToao, Kal TWV OVo napma~Ewv lm~pxav npaKTOpEe; TWV LLwVLaTWV (Kuplwe; LAAOUflLvaTOL, onwe; 0 KO­flflC; MLpaflnw), waTE onOLa napaTa~fl Kal va VLKouaE, TOV EAEYXO 8a TOV dxav ot LLwvLaTEe;! AUTO <pavflKE oTav 6 '(OLOC; 6 Po~wmEpoc;, ~ ~YETLK~ floP<P~ T~e; EnavaaTaaflC;, aVTLA~<p8fl­KE on KanoLOL aAAoL EAEYXOUV Ta npaYflaTa Kal TOAflflaE va TO E~WTEpLKEUaEL. 3a<pVLKa, ano apXflY0C; KflpuX8flKE Ex8poe; T~e; EnavaaTaaflC; Kal EKTEAEaTflKE!

Avaflwa aTOuc; fUAAOUC; TEALKa xu8flKE a<p80vo alfla, TO­ao aTO IIaplaL, oao Kal aE aAAEC; nEpLOXEe;, onwc; ~ BavOEa. AKOflfl Kal aOeA<pol flaaovOL a<pa(OVTav flETa~u TOUe;, flE TOUe; POTaLAt Kal T~V napEa TOUe; va navflyupl(ouv. '0 yaAALKoc; Aa­OC; ~Tav aTa XEpLa TWV Kal.maALaTwv, xwple; va KaTaAa~alv£L KavEle; nOLOe; TEALKa KLvouaE Ta v~flaTa T~C; EnavaaTaaflC;·

22 ilIOLH1POL PAMMOL

Airro 8a elVaL OTO t~~<; TO flEAAOV T~<; EUp<,lmll<;· 'Enava­oTaoEl<;, 8lxaofl0<; OE 8e~LOv<; Kal aploTEpOV<;, alflaToxuole<;, KaTaoTpocpE<; Kai 8lWYflo<; TOU Xplonavloflou. Kai oAa aUTa 8~8EV Yla T~V 811floKpaTia Kai T~V EAw8Epla.

O apXloTpanw°<; TWV LlWVl<JlWV POLalAL, flOAl<; t8paLw811KE OiKovofllKa, £OT£lAE TOV<; T£OOEPl<; yLOV<; TOU O£ ioapl8flE<;

Eupwna'lK£<; nOA£l<;, W<JlE va l8puoouv Kal EK£lTpanE<E<;, Yla va tmo8ouAwOOUV OiKovofllKa Ti<; aVTioTOlXE<; XWPE<; Kai va EAEY­XOUV aflwa Tl<; nOAlllK£<; E~EAl~El<;.

'0 N£l8av (Nathan Mayer Rothschild) n~YE OTO Aov8ivo Kai TO 1815, fl£la T~V ~lla TOU NanoAEovTa <Jl0 BaTEpAw, Ka­TacpEpe va yiVEl 0 iOXUpOTEpO<; TpanE<iTll<; T~<; AyyAiac;. Ano TOTE, ~ MEyaAll Bpnavvia EylvE tmoxdplo TWV LlWVlOTWV.

'0 LOAOflwV (Salomon Mayer von Rothschild) Y8pUOE <Jl~V BlEvvllT~v TpanE~a TOU TO 1820 Kal EylvE npOOW7IlKO<; cpiAO<; fl£ TOV YVW<JlO fla<;, ano TOV av8EAAllVloflo TOU, KaYKEAaplo MELTEpvlX·

'0 KapA (Kalman Mayer Rothschild) EYKaTa<Jla8TJKE OT~V NanOATJ TO 1821.'EKTO<; ano TpanE~a, EKEl opyavwoE Tov<;'ha­AOV<; flaoovou<;, nov ovofla~ovTav Kapflnovapol (carbonari, av8paKwpvxOl) KalTE8TJKf. E7IlKEcpaA~<; T~<; fluonK~<; ETaLpei-0.<; nov dxav OUOT~OEl, T~<; «Apxala<; Ayopa.<;» (Alta Vendita), nov anOOKOnOl>OE <Jl0 va avaTpt'/lEl Ta nOAlTlKa Ka8wTWTa T~<; 'haAla<; Kai va OUOT~OEl Eva Evlalo iTaAlKo KpaTo<; (nov, w<; ouv~8w<;, 8a EAEYXOTav ano TOV<; POTatAL!).

Kapf.l7Iovapo<; ~Tav Kai 6 onou8alo<; ZaKuv8lvO<; nOlTJT~<; Av8pta<; KaA~o<;, nov UflVTJOE Kai aUTo<; T~V EAw8Epla, flt T~V YVWOT~ cppaoTJ: «8tAEl ap£l~v KalToAflTJv ~ EAw8Epla».

r fINE 0EOL XOPIL TON 0EO 23

'0 'IaKw~o<; (James Mayer de Rothschild) ,(8puae T~V Tpa-7te(a nov POTmAL aTO I1aplm, a7tO 07tOU £AeYXe a8laK07ta Tl<; 7tOAl1'lKe<; £~eAl~el<; aT~v faAAla. '0 ylO<; TOU 'IaKw~ou, 0 Alphonse Rothschild, So. ylVel CtvTlaTOlxa 6 iaxupOTepO<; Tpa-7te(lT'l<; T~<; faAAla<; Kal So. Ctvaf-l£lXSel aTov yaAAO-7tPWa01KO 7tOAef-lO TOU 1870.

'0 7tef-l7tTo<; YlO<;, 6 Af-laeA, (Amschel Mayer von Rothschild) 7tapef-lelVe 01'~V <DpayKcpOlYpT'l Kal8ta8exS'lKe TOV 7ta-repa TOU 01'~V TomK~ Tpa7te(a.

Ka7tw<; £Tal, oi POTatAL KUPlaPX'laav OiKOVOf-llKa aT~v Eupw7t'l. LlVO XWpe<; Ct7tef-levav va KaTaKT'lSouV, TO veoavaTa­TO KpaTO<; TWV HI1A Kal ~ TaaplK~ Pwala. Kal oi 8U0 XWpe<; Ct7t08elxS'lKav aKA'lpa Kapv8la, CtAA.a oi f-laX'll'lKol LlWVl01'e<; TO. Ka-racpepav!

'H 7tapa8001aK~ Eupw7tT] KaTeppee f-leaa aTov 190 aiwva Kal ~ CtVepXOf-leV'l 8vvaf-l'l 7tAtov ~Tav oi alwvlaTe<; Tpa7te(l-re<;, f-le TOV<; auvepyaTe<; KalTov<; 7tpaKTOpe<; TOU<;. 'Y7tOKlVOUaav £7taVaaTaael<;, imovof-lwav Tl<; aUToKpaTople<;, £7t'lpea(av TOV xwpo T~<; £maT~f-l'l<;' KaAAlepyouaav TOV £SvlKlaf-lo Kal U7tO-80vAwvav TOV<; 7taVTe<;, f-leaw T~<; TOKoyAucpla<;.

T ~v EUTuxla TWV LlwvlaTwv, 7tOV imt-raaaav T~V flla xwpa fl£1'a T~V aAA'l, 8t£KO'l'E ~aCPVlKa ~ £AA'lVlK~ £7taVaama'lTOU 182l.

To TEAEumlo, 7tOV ~8EAav va 8ollV, ~Tav va CtVa~lwaEl ~ Ka7tOTe 7tavlaxup'l PWflallK'l aUToKpaTopla (BU(aVTLO) aT~v CtVa-rOAlK~ MWOY£lO. fL' aUTov TOV AOYO, oi LlWVlC}'1'£<; 80VAe'l'av Kal 7taAl aocpa, XP'l01fl07tOlWVm~ T~V 8aLflOVlK~ TOU~ EuaTpocpla. Tl £Ka­vaV;"Ea7t£lpaV TO (l(aVLO TOll £8VlKlCiflOU 01'0. BaAKaVla!

Le OA'lT~V 7tEplo80 T~~ TOupKOKpaTla~, oi op808o~0l 7tA'lSu-

24 MOL'oD.POL PAMMOI

afloL -cwv BaAKavLwv £Vlw8av PWflloL, nOAL-rE<; -C~<; naAma<; PWfla­vLa<; (BU(aVllO), nou Ka-caK-c~8T]KE cmo lOU<; ToupKou<;, aVE~ap­-CT]1'a av fllAouaav aAPaVlKa, EAAT]VlKa, POUAyaplKa K.An ..

Ot"EAAT]VE<;, pfpma, aywvL(ov-cav ~0T] ano -cov 160 va ano­llVa~OUV -cov -COUpKlKO (uyo, aAAa AOYW -c~<; 8LxovOla<; KaL -c~<; aauvEvvoT]aLa<; nou aiwvla fla<; xapaK-cT]pL(El, Mv nEluxaLvaflE -co n080uflEVO! 'Evw ot Llwvla-cf<; dXav nA~pT] aUflnvOla KaL au­vEpyaaLa flE1'a~u lOU<;, yl' mho KaL n£-cuxav TtEplaao-cEpa.

'Hrav oH8plO Yla -co. BaAxaVLa -co on napaaUp8T]Kav ot AaoL ano -cou<; npaKTOpE<; -CWV LlWVla-cwv KaL apXlaav ot BouAyapol va avan-cuaaouv ~Exwpla-c~ E8vlK(la-clK)~ auvEi­OT]aT], ot LfPPOl -co '(OLO KaL a-co -CfAO<; ot AApavoL, Kan nou ot Llwvla-cf<; KaAAlEpyOUV fleXpl a~flEpa. TL<; -cEAEU-caiE<; OeKa­E-cLE<;, flaA10-ca, ot tKavoL a-ro va Ka-raaKEUa(OUV Kpa-CT] LlW­vla-cf<; ecpna~av KaL -co ... MaKEOovlKO £8vo<; KaL Kpa-CO<; (-rwv LKonLwv), Eva 8Al~EpO auvov8uAEufla LAauwv, BouAyapwv, TaLyyavwv, nou ~aCPVlKa aUYKpo-cT]aav -co e8vo<; -cwv 'l'EUOO­flaKEOovwV.

'00'0 Yla -c~v '(Ola -c~v 'EAAaOa, dXav E-COlflT] -c~v AuaT]. Bp~Kav 8LEcp8apflevou<;"EAAT]VE<; -c~v btoX~ -c~<; £navaa-caaT)<;, -cou<; nA~pwaav KaL £nAaaav -co AYYAlKO KOflfla, nou Oev ~-cav -cLno-ca aAAo, napa npaK-r0PE<; -cwv PO-CaLA-c. Ma<; cpop-cwaav -co EAEElVO OaVElO -c~<; EnaVaa-raaT)<;, OOAocpovT]aav -cov Ka-nooLa-cpla KaL fla<; {me-ca~av a-c~v acpaLpa Emppo~<; -c~<; aLWVl­a-clK~e; BpElavvLae; Yla Evav alwva.

An.a, -co XElpO-CEpO no.v-cwv, dvm Oll ot Llwvla-cee; CPPOV-rl­aav Y la -co aMvaflo ~aaLAElo -c~e; 'EAAaOae;, va anOKOnEi ano -co aAT)8lVO napEA80v -cou. NO. ~Exo.aEl -cLe; pWflaLlKEe; pL(Ee; -cou, va 8LaanaaEl -c~v aUVElOT)-r~ axeaT) -cou EAAT)VlKOU Aaou fle -c~v 'Op800o~T] 'EKKAT]aLa KaL va olaflopcpw8Ei ~ flavLa fle -cov 50 at. n.X .. 'EAAaOa ~-cav floVO ~ A8~va -cou I1EPlKA~ KaL flEla 6 KOAOKo-CpWvT)e; KaL -co 1821!

fINE GEm: XGPIL TON GEO 25

Tov M£ya AA£~avopo TOV SUfl11S~KaflE TO 1990, TO Bu~u­VTLO TO flLa~aaflE fl£XPL SavuTou Kal TO XA£UU~OUflE fl£XpL a~­flEpa, EVW ~ TpurrE~a T~e;'EAAUOOe; cmo TO 1841 fl£XPL a~flEpa oev eLVUL £AA11VLK~, aAAu EX£L YLU flEyaAofl£TOXO (rroLov aAAo;) TOV KDpLO POTO'lAT ...

Aa<paAwe;, YLU OA11 aUT~v T~V aSALa rrop£la fl£XPL T~V a11flE­pLV~ flv11flovLaK~ 'EAAuOa, oev <pTaivE floVO ot POTO'lA-r. <DTaiflE Kal Efl£ie;, rroD we; "EAA11vEe;, KA~pOe; Kal AaOe;, rrpo8<.i>aaflE T~V 'EAAuOa, apv11S~KaflE TOV XpLaTo Kal AaTp£\jIaflE TOV xpuao.

'IAAOUf..I.lVa.'TOL Kat tpya'TLKO KtVT)f..La

O t aUYKAovLaTLK£e; aAAay£e; rroD auv£~ULvav aT~v Eupwrrll TOV 190 aiwva av£8eL~av Evav aKofl11 iaxupo rrapuyoVTa, rrou Su

flrropouaE va aAAa~£L rrpoe; TO KaAUTEpo T~V Eupwrr11' TO Epya­TLKO KlV11fla. IIapaAA11Aa, Efl<pavlaT11Kav OLaVOODflEVOL rrou, OL­a~A£rrOVTae; TO aOL£~OOO rrOD E<PEPVE TO arravSpwrro TparrE~LKO aDaT11fla, aPXLaav vu erraVaaTaTOUV, 0XL 0'£ e8VLKO, aAAU 0'£ KOL­VWVLKO errlrrEoo, WO'TE va ava-rp£\jIOUV T~V rrpoKA11TLK~ OiKOVOflL­K~ aVLaOT11Ta, avuflwa aTle; OLU<pOpEe; KOLVWVLK£e; Ta~ELe;. '0 0'0-

O'laALafloe; Kalo KOflflouVLafloe; eLxav YEVV118£i ma aT~V Eupwrr11. 'H rrpoKA11a11 ~TaV flEYUA11 YLa TOUe; LLWVLaT£e;. Ot epyaTEe; ~U­

rrvouaav aT~V Eupwrr11 Kal apXL~av va 6pyavwvoVTUL. B£~aLa, ot POTO'lAT Kal Ot eKAEKTol aUVEpYUTEe; TOUe; eLxav 6pyavw8£i vwpl­TEpa Kal ~TaV ETOLflOL VU aiXflaAwTlaouv aDT~V T~V aVEpxoflEV11 Mvafl11 aT~V Eupwrr11' ~ orrola auvo£Sl1KE Kal fl£ TOV rrOALTLKO xwpo T~e; ApLaTEpae;.

Tl EyLVE TEALKa; 'Orrwe; rrpoava<p£paflE, ot iAAouflLvaTOL eLxav KaTa<pDYEL Kal aT~V A)')'Ala, KUV11Y11fl£VOL arro TOUe; Bauapoue;. 'EK£i '(opuaav T~v"Evwa11 ~ LDVOWflO TWV LlLKalwv (League of Just, Bund der Gerechten). 'H "Evwa11 aUT~ errpoKELTO va auv-

ilIOilopm: PAMMOI 26

_ £ Mo rrpoawrra rrou E1tJ1P£aaav ~a8UTaTa T~V VEon:pl1 8E8EI ~l , '''E ' " - T 'S:' , , ia IOV Map~ l(Ul LOV VyK€I\<;, Ol OrrOlOl ElXaV lUpUa€l TO LaTOp , K ' 'E ' (C . 1846 aILe; Bpv~£'\Ee; l~v 0flflouvlaTlKI1 1tlTporrl1 ommumst Corresponding Committee).

'0 Map~ (Karl Marx) Kalo"EvYKEA<; (Friedrich Engels) £vw­aav li<; ouvcq..lEl<; -rou<; fl£ TOU<; (iAAou~llvcrrou<;) ~lKaiou<; TOD Aovolvou TO 1847, 0TJfllOUPywVTa<; -r~v KOflflOUvl0nK~"Evwal1 (Communist League), £vw -ro 1848 0l1floaiEUaav TO rr€plq:>l1flO K0I-lf,lOUvlan1<O Mavlq:>£a-ro. MEaa a£ Alya xpovla, 0 KOflllou­vlaf,lo<; E~EAlaa£Tm Toao aav 8EwPI1TIKo-q:>lAoaoq:>lKo Klvl1lla, 00'0 Kaiaav rroAlTlK~-KOlVWVIK~ Opaal1.

Ka8w<; IllAODa€ Yla im£poxa iOavlKa Kal EArrioE<;, T~ AU­Tpwal1 TWV q:>-rwxwv (rrpoAETaplol) arro T~V Ka-rarrl£0l1, -r~v KaTapYTJa'1 T~C; ol1<oVOlllK~C; aVlaOTI1Ta<;, T~V ETtlKpaTI1011 T~<; olKmoauvl1C; a-rl;v KOlvwv[a (lOtE<; aXEOov av-roD01EC; IlEaa arro TI1V Kalv~ L)laS~K'1)' trrO~!EVO ~Tav va ayyi~El -ri<; Kapol£<; rrOAAWV avSpwmov, Kal llaAla-ra avspwrrwv f-LE [oaV1Ka Kat IlE aywvlaTlK~ Ola8WI1. TIOD va ~~Epav, ~t~ala, aUTol oi avEJpw­rrOl rrOD eYlvav KOflIlOUVlCJlEC;, OTl ,mo rrlaw Kpu~oTav 0_ .. au­VTpOq:>O<; POT01Ax!

Mia arro T[C; lleyaAUTepec; arraTeC;, aT~v taTopla T11<; Eupw­rr'1C;, dXE ~811 ~eKlv~ael va otKooO~lel-ral. AvtAa~E T~V rrvEU­f,lanK~ Ka8oo~YTJa'1-roD ep1'aTlKoD Koallou, TOD rrolflv10u TWV npoAETaplwv, 0 rraTepa<; -rOD KaTtl-raAlaf,lOu, 6 POTalAT! 'OXl arr' Ev8Ela<;, aAAa Il£aw TOD 01l08pl1aKou auvEPyaTI1 TOU, TOD Map~, 6 onolo<; avtAa~E TO TlTaVlO epyo va ylVEl rrvEUllaTlKo<; rraTtpa<; «TWV KOAaall£vwv T~<; y~<;», waTE va IlETaTpt\jlEl Ti<; EArri8£<; Kai T~V ~w~ TOU<; at KOA.aal1.

nNE 0Em: XDPIL TON 0EO 27

to KaPA Map~ (1818-1883) ~laV AOK£va<l 'EppaTo<; T~<; r£p-flavla<;, onw<; Kala POTaLAt. '0 nannOlJ<; TOU ~laV Pa~~lvo<;,

OllAao~ OCtaKaAO<; TOU cppLKTOU TaAfloM Kal ~a8v<; YVWOTll<; T~<; KaflnaAa, EVo£xoflevw<; T~<; AoupLaVLK~<; KaflnaAa, nov elX£ E~a­nAw8eT OUVaflLKa OT~V Eupwnll ana TOV 170 alwva.

'0 naTepa<; TOU ~Tav OLKllYopo<; Kal, npOK£Lflevou va eX£L npo-07tTLK~ npo60ou, cmocpaaLO£ va ~ann08eT Aou811pavo<;, Kan nov eKavav apK£Toi 'E~paTOl T~<; Eupwnll<;, YLa va cmocp£vyouv TOV<; 8LwYflOV<;, onw<; ot Mappavo<; T~<;'Ionavla<;.

'H KaflnaALonK~ 8plloKela, ~e~aLa, ob eO~llv£ fleoa OTa onina TWV KaflnaALoTwv'E~paiwv, Kan nov cpaiv£TaL Kai OT~V olKoyev£La Map~. '0 KaPA Map~ ~Tav av8pwno<; fle E~aLp£nKa xapioflaTa, Ka8w<; Kai fle CPLAOOOCPLK~ Kai nOl'lTLK~ OLa8wll. Le veap~ ~ALKia eypa'\l£ nOL~flaTa, nov aVaO£LKVVOUV av8pwno nonoflevo fle Ti<; 8£fl£ALWO£L<; KaflnaALonKe<; iOE£<;: flToo<; YLa TOV 8£0 (AOOVal TOV anOKaAOUV ot KaflnaALoTe<;), nioTll OTL o av8pwno<; elVaL ano flovo<; TOU 8£0<;, AaXTapa va fl£TQ1pe­'\I£L TO. naVTa oe KOAaoll (loiw<; OTO aVaTPLXLaOTLKO TOU noi'lfla Oulanem).

Ol LLwvLoTe<;, OT~V nPOOna8£la TOU<; va EHy~ouv TO. naVla at~v Eupwnll' Emoiw~av va alXflaAwTioouv Kai TO EpyaTLKo KiVll­fla. AUTO TO MOKOAO epyo TO ave8wav OTOV mo £uCPU~ Kaflna­ALOT~, nov elxav OT~V Oflaoa TOU<;, TOV Map~, nov dx£ Kai T~V aflepLOTll oUflnapaOTaoll T~<; oiKoyev£la<; POTaLAt.

Kai 0 Map~ KaTacp£p£ va fl£laTpe'\l£L T~V KaflnaAlonK~ 8Pll­OKeLa oe nOALTLK~ lO£OAoyia, nov a7t£U8UVOTaV OTa nA~811 TWV EpyaTwv Kai TWV aypOTWV T~<; Eupwnll<;, 0llflLOUPywVla<; TOV KOflflOUVLOflO. BaaLK~ OLoaoKaAla TOU Map~ ~Tav OTL Oev lmapX£L TinoTa nV£UflaTlKO (im£pcpUaLKO) Kat on ~ 8p'lOKeLa eLVaL nllY~ OUOTuxta<; YLa TOV av8pwno.

28 6.I06.DPOr PAMMOr

KaAoum: TOUe; rrPOAnaplOUe; (qHwXOUe;) at bwvaaTaall, wan: va £m~AllS£l ~ OlKTaTopla TOU rrPOA£TaPlaTOU, ~ orrola Sa KaTapy~ael Ta rraVTa (£SVlK~ auvelollall, KpaTll, KOlVWVl­Kte; Ta~ele;, SpllaK£lee;) Kal Sa KuplapX£L aLWVla. LUVerrWe;, TO rrPOAeTaPlaTO Sa elVaL 0 "Meaalae;" Kal ~ brox~, rrou Sa ava­TelAel fleTa T~V £rravamaall, Sa elVaL ~ fleaatavLK~ £rrox~, rroD Sa elVaL Kuplapx'l rraYKoaflla Kal aLwvla!

Ta. ~pWfl.IKa rraLxv[OLa nov POTatAL Kal T(OV AOl7tWV KaWfa­Awnov <Stv rrtpa.aa.v arra.pa.T11P'Fa. emo OA UC;. · Y7t~PXa.v

EupW7tCltOl O~UOePKdC;, nou e~Aerra.\I TOV tdvouvo 7tOD aKt7ta~e T~V Eupwn'l , flE aKonO va. T~V ~u8[ael aTO at<oTa.Ot Yla. na.na.. Ked, napa.oo~(l>e; , EYlvav aVTLA11nTa (mo 060 KopucpaieC; 1-l0pcpEe; 1~C; J\plaTepae;, TOV faAAo fl.OuTouaAlaT~ I1pounov (Pierre­Joseph Proudhon) Kal TOV P(l>ao a\lapxoKOAAeKTl~tat~ MnaKou­VIV (Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin).

Ka( ot 060 YVWPI~a.V TOV Map~ Kal aVTlAa.~l~avovTa.v 7toM Ka.Aa tl auvt~a.lVe aTa fl taa. TOO 190U a.lwva. aT~v Eupw7t'l."E~i\e-7tav T~V atwvlaTIK~ TOKoVAucpla \la aAuaooEvel Ta 7tavta., TOUe; PeTatAT fl.E TIe; Tpane~te; TOUe; va Kuplapxouv Kal TOV Map~ va KO­mETa.l Vla Ta OtKaLW~laTa. TWV aOuvaTWV!

'0 7tpWTOe;, 7tOU ~Ea7taaE (liv Kat 11TaV Ila.aovoe;!), ~Tav 6l1pou­VT6v. To 1847 ypacpEl: «01 Rothschild, Cremieux, Marx, Fould, KaKoi, XOAEptKO{, 1flKpoi av8pw7t0l, nOD floe; ~llaoOv» Ka.t 8ew­pouaE 7tWe; VIa Ta olKovo~llKa npo~i\~l-laTa imEUe UVOC; ~Ta." 0 Ka7tlTaAla~16e; Ka.l dOIKa ol'E~pai:OI oa.V£laTEe;. EiOtKa TOV Map~ 6 flpOUVTOV lOV arrOKaAoua£ «~moup(oua aoma.i\lat11», XAEua­~ovTae; T1iv atti\ELwT'l imoKplala TOU.

T~v aKuTaAll, £TrelTa, rr~pe 6 M7taK01JVlv."EXovTaC; KaTaAa~£l

fINE 0EOL XDPIL TON 0EO 29

"Ti aTHwlv£l Yla "T~V EUPW7TTj Map~ Kai POTalA"T, eypmjl£ ae emaLO­A~ "TOU "TO 1871:

«El/laL ~e~aLOe; on, cmo T~V Ilia 7TA£upa, ~ olKoyev£la POTmAl eK"Tl/lu T~V a~ia TOU Map~, Kai U7TO T~V o.AATj 7TA£upa, 6 Map~ alaSaV£1'aL /lta eVa"TlKTwoTj aU/l7TaS£la Kat TpeCj)£l Evav /l£yaAo a£~aa/lo Yla T~V olKoyev£la POTmAl. AUTO '(awe; cpalv£1'aL 7T£pl­£pyo. Tl KOlVO Sa /l7TopouaE va imapX£l fl£la~U "TOU KO/lfloUVl­a/lou Kal T~e; iJ\jlTjA~e; Otax£lplaTje; XPTjflaTwv; 'D! '0 KO/l/louvlafloe; LOU Map~ <Tj"TU Eva laxupo aUYK£V"TpWnKO Kpa"TOe; Kat 07TOU aUTO ucplaTaTaL, 7Tpe7T£l uva7TocpEUK"Ta va u7TapX£l /lla K£VTPlK~ KpanK~ Tpa7T£<a, Kat OlaV au "TO ucplaTaTaL, eK£l"TO 7TapaalTlKO E~pa'(KO eSVoe;, TO 67TOlO K£pooaKo7T£l7Tavw aTov /loXSo TOU Aaou, Sa ~pl­aK£l 7TaVTOT£"Ta fleaa Yla "T~V 1)7Tap~~ TOU».

'OTav 6 Map~ /llAoua£ £vav"Tlov TOU KamTaAla/lou, O""Ta /It­aa TOU 190u alwva, ol PO"TatAl £lxav ~OTj lopua£l Tpa7TE<EC; aXE­oov 7Tanou aT~v EUpW7TTj, ~"Tav ot 7TaaiyvwO"TOl TOKOYAU<POl KamTaAlaTec;. 'O.aToao, 6 7ToAuypacpO"Ta"Toc; Map~ oev ea"Ta~E 01)T£ Ilia aTayova /lEAavl aTa ypa7T"Ta TOU, Yla va emKpiv£l "TOV olKO POTatAl, TOV iaXUpO"TEpO £K7Tpoaw7To TOU UOia"TaKTOU Ka-

7TlTaAlO"/lOU, 7TOU eO"Tl~£ Ta 8u/laTa "TOU Yla va 7TOAAa7TAamaO"£l T~V U/lUSTjTTj 7T£plouO"la TOU.

T£AlKa, /lEla T~V O"UyKATjO"Tj "T~C; A' ~lE8vouc; "EvwO"T)C; 'EpyanDv, TO 1864, ~ 7Tapa'ra~T) "TOU Map~ Kal TWV LlWVlO"TWV 8pla/l~£ua£, 6 I1pOUV"TOV Kal6 M7TaKouvlv Te8TjKaV a"To 7T£Pl-8WPlO Kai O""TaOlaKa aPXlO"av va OTj/llOUPYOUVTaL Ta Olacpopa KO/l/lOUVlO"TlKa KO/l/laTa T~C; EUpW7TT)C;, Ta 67Tola £lxav O"K07TO (Tl o.AAO;) va U7TT)p£T~O"OUV Ta O"XeOla TWV LlWVlO""TWV.

"EO""TW Kal o.v ola<popol Eupw7TaTol uVTlTaxSTjKav O"TOV /lap­~lO"/lO, 07TWC; 6 KopucpaToc;'JTaAoc; /laO"ovoc; Mazzini, TI7ToTa oev /l7TOP£(J£ va £/l7TooIO"El T~V £~a7TA.wO"T) TOU Ka/l7TaAlO""TlKOU KO/l­/lOUVlO"/lOU. 'H £upw7Ta'(K~ Aplo""TEpa e/lElvE, 07TWC; Kai 6 TEKTO­VlO"/lOC;, Yla 7TaVTa alX/laAWTT) O"TOV LlWVlO"/lO.

30 MOilopm: PAMMOL

M OAle; LaK-r01tOLllOav ol L,lWVlO-rEe; -ro SE~.la -r~e; AplOtEpae; ot~v EupW1tll (flE tODe; LAAouflLvcnoUe; Kai tov KOflfloUVL-

0flo), o-rpa<p'lKav KaL o-r~v ~E~la (flE LOVe; poMo-caupoue; Kai t~V Xpuo~ Auy~).

To epyo, nOD aVESwav o-rov Ma.p~ YLa t~v Aplon:pa (va O-r~O£l flia nayi8a Yla -rODe; Eupwnaiou<:; APlOlEpODe;), -ro aVE­Sway Kai o-rov [OUEO-rKOT (William Wynn Westcott) Yla t~V ~E~La. '0 [OUEO-rKO-r ~-rav 0 apX'lyoe; -rwv Po8oo-raupwv -r~C; AyYAiac;, flaoovoc;, KaflnaAlo-r~c;, epflll-rLKoC;, aAXllfllo-r~C; Kai ao-rpoAoyOC; (noAu-raAavToc; uvSpwno<;!), nOD -ro 1888 ,(8pv­o£ -ro 'Epflll-rlKO TaYfla -r~C; Xpuo~C; Auy~<; (Hermetic Order of Golden Dawn).

'0<; epflll-rlKoC;, Aa-rpev£ -r~v apxaia alyun-rlaK~ flayda Kai Y£VLKo-r£pa TOV anoKpv<pwflo, nOD dvat Kai Eva ano Ta ~a­atKa £pyaA£La -rwv LLWVlO-rWV. Ol xpuoauyitEC; £nEKtaSllKav Kai ot~v [Ep~tavia, onov ,(8puoav -r~v 'Etatpda -r~c; E>ODAllC; (Thule), ~ 6noia 8taflop<pwoE -rov Na(Loflo Kai tov Xi-rAEp!

'H S£wpia tWV po86o-raupwv Kai xpuoavyl-rwv ~-rav ~ e~~c;: nio-revav on dvat anoyovol fllUC; navapXatac; EUpW1ta'lK~C; <pUA~<;, ~ 6nOLa dXE S£'[KO alfla otic; <pAE~£<; -r1l<;. Au-r~ ~ <pv­A~ aAAoLw81lK£ ano £myafliEC; nOD eYLvav flE UAAEC; Katw-r£­pE<; <pvHc; KaL flE t~v £fl<Pavtall -rOU Xplonavloflou. LKonoc; -r~C; Xpuo~C; Auy~c; KaL TWV .. . 8uyaTplKwv -r1l<; £-ratpElWV (onwc; ~ E>oDAll) ~Tav va £nava<pEpouv -ric; apxaLE<; 8P1l0K£LEC; -r~C; EupwnllC; (o~~vov-rac; -rov XpLonavLoflo) Kai va KaSapioovv -ro alfla o-ri<; <pH~EC; -rou<; (o~~voVLa<; KaSE UAAll <pUA~, nOD SEwpouoav Ka-rw-rEPll).

'DAa au-rEC; olnapavo'lKE<; 8£WPLE<; £~anAwS'lKaV Ol~V Eupw-1t11 -rOU 200u alwva, -rOU Op80AOYLOflOU, -r~C; yvwollC;, -r~C; npoo-8ou, flE -ra yvwo-ra £naKoAouSa LOU Na(loflou. A~i(El va Ka-ra-

fINE eEO~ xnpI~ TON eEO 31

AapoullE o'n 0 Xl-TAEP ~TaV Ilayoe;, aaTaVla-r~e;, nou nLaTWE aE OAll aUT~V T~V TpEAa, CtAACt Yla TOUe; TpEAOUe; LlWVLaTEe; ~TaV XP~aLIlO £pyaAEio, ylCt va alllaToKuA~aouv T~V Eupwnll.

Ol epllllnKoL-poooaTaupol ~p8av Kai aT~v'EAACtoa:lopu­aav TO KOlllla T~e; Xpua~e; Auy~e; Kai 8LacpopEe; napa8pllaKw­nKte; OllaOEe;, onwe;"EAAllVEe; 'E8vlKoi, LlwoEKa8E'(aTte;, 'Olla­Oa"E\jIlAoV, nou exouv o~8ev TOV aTOXo va £navacptpouv T~V apxala eA.AllVlK~ 8pllaKEia, £~unllpELWVLae; T~V AaXTapa TOU LlWVlallou va auvTpi\jlEl TOV XplaTlaVlallo. Xwpla nou n:AlKa aaXOAOUVTaL Ilt T~V alyunnaK~ llayEia (epllllTlallo) nEplaao­'TEPO, napa Ilt T~V apxaia 'EAAaoa.

'H 8AlPEP~ KaTaAll~11 OAlle; aUT~e; T~e; lJ7t0x80vlae; opa­aile; nov LlWVlaTWV dVaL va napaaUpOVLaL ot "EAAllVEe; Ctno aUTte; Tie; ollaoEe;, va ma'TEUOUV at Ka8e e'(Ooue; napallu8la (on ot Xplanavol eacpa(av TOUe; "EAAllvEe;, OTl KaTeaTpEcpav TO. apXaia IlvllllEla) Kal va \jIllCPl(ouv Xpua~ Auy~, cmoyoll­TWIlEVOl cmo Tie; unoAomec; llapLOVETEe; T~C; nOAmK~e;, IlE T~V £Anioa OTl ~ £K Llwvlallou 0PllwllEvll Xpua~ Auy~ 8a awan T~V 'EAAaOa. <Deu T~e; 'EAAaOOe; ...

O L LlwvlaTte; cmoAall~avouv va ~A.£nouv aLllaLOxualEe;, 0:\.6-KAllpa eevll va acpa(OVTaL IlELa~u TOUe;. 'H anoAauall au~a­

VELaL, OTav TO aIlla nOD XDVELaL dVaL xplanavlKol n' aUTO Kal £\jIaxvav ae OAO TOV 190 alwva TponoUe; va 6811y~aouv TO. EUpW­narKa eeVll at cpplKTOUe; nOAElloue;, TeTOlOUe; nou oev elXE ~avaOEi o KoaIl0e;."H8EAav va 011~1l0upy~aouv npounoetaEle; Yla IIaYKo­alllOUe; IIoA.£lloue;, ano TOUe; onoioue; 80. e~yaLvav OAOl olavTina­AOl 8LaAulltvOl.

'Oa-roao, ~ Eupwnll TOU 190u alwva otv TOUe; ~6AWE, onwe;

32 6I060pm: PAMMm:

~Tav.'Yn~pxav tpET~ aUtOKpaTOplf.~, ~ MEyaAIl BpETavvla, ~ Taa­plK~ Pwala KaL ~ AUaTpoouyyapLa tWV A\jI~oupywv. 'Yn~pXE Kal ~ AEyoflEvll Ayla PWfla'lK~ autoKpatopla TOU rEPflavlKou"E8vou~, aAAa at~v npa~ll ot yEPflavlK£~ CPUA£~ ~TaV KaTaKEPflanaf1£vE~ a£ KpaTLola, T~~ BauapLa~, T~~ "Eaall~ (onou ~ouaav ot PotatAt), T~~ fIpwaala~ (Borussia) Kal aAAa.

KaflLa cmo TL~ f.L£XPl tOTE autoKpatoplE~ Mv dXE t~v tm8uflla va aUYKpouatET fl£ aAAE~, lolw~ flETa tou~ vanoAEovtElOU~ no­Hflou~. Ot ~lOVOl nOAEfloxapEl~ ~tav Ot rEpflavol t~~ fIpwaala~, tOD~ 6nolou~ Kal a~LOnolllaav Ot LlwvlaT£~.

ot tpanE~E~ TWV POTatAT, Kuplw~ fl£aw toU auvEPyatll tou~ aTO BEPOAlvo, TOU 'E~palou tpaTtE~hll Gerson von Bleichroder, XPllflatoooTouaav tov KaYKEAaplO (npw8unoupyo) t~~ fIpwa­aLa~ Otto von Bismarck, WatE va flnop£aEl va OlE~ayaYEl noH­flou~, nOD 80. 68llyouaav at~v 0llflLOupYLa flla~ v£a~ yEPflavlK~~ autoKpatopLa~.

fIpaYflan ot fIpwaaol bm£811Kav aToD~ AuatplaKou~ to 1866 KaL aTou~ raAAOU~ TO 1870, onou ot fIpwaaol nOAlopKllaav KaL to fIapLat. Tov KaLpO nou ot nOAlopKllfl£vol raAAOl ETpwyav ya­tE~ KaL aKuAou~, Yla va tm~lwaouv, a MnlaflapK ~TaV CPlAO~E­VOUflEVO~ (no «Chateau de Ferrieres», TO naAan toU Alphonse Rothschild, 6 anoio~ ~tav napwv KaL aTL~ OtanpaYflaTEuaEl~ Yla t~v auv8~Kll Eip~vll~' flETa~U raAAia~ KaL fIpwaala~.

Mt T~V A~~ll tOU nOA£flou, to 1871, 01l~lloupy~811KE to Kpato~ t~~ rEPflavLa~, to anolo ~TaV YEpflavlKo floVO ato Dvofla, Ka8w~ a nA1l8uaflo~ tou ~tav flElYfla ana YEPflaVlKa cpuAa, LAaDou~ (fIOAWVOD~ KupLw~), aKoflll KaL A.atatE~! ot rEpflavol ana t~v apXaLotllTa Mv ~Tav Eva £8vo~, aAAa OlaCPOpa cpuAa, nou ~ll­

Aouaav napoflolE~ yEPflavlK£~ OtaAtKTou~. AAAa auto Mv ~TaV npo~Allfla Yla TOU~ LlWVlaTt~, nOD dxav t~v KaTanAllKnK~ lMa va £vwaouv a£ Eva KpatO~ TO. YEPflaVlKa cpUAa, WaTE va KaTa­aKEUaaOUV tov flEAAovnKO OOAOCPOVO T~~ Eupwnll~!

nNE E>Em: XDPIL TON E>EO 33

Ana tow Kai nEpa, /lE T~V £vlaia Kai naviaxupT) rEp/lavia, dXE UVOi~El 0 OPO/lO~ Yla va npaY/laTonOlT)8£i eva UKO/lT) atwvlaTL­KO OVElpO: ol TIaYKoa/llOl nOAE/lOl, nov laonEowaav T~V EupwnT). T~v Kuplapxia TWV 'E~paiwv aT~V rEp/lavia T~V dXE UVTlAT)<p8£i Kai 6 MnaKovvlv, aT~v yvwaT~ TOU £maToA~ aXETlKa /lE TOV Map~ Kai TOV~ POTatAT:

«'0 Map~ dvm 'E~palo~ Kai dvm nEplKUKAW/lEVO~ uno eva nA~80~ /llKponpEnwv, nEplaaoTEpo ~ AlYOTEPO v0T)/lovwv, pa­OlOVpyWV, £1JaTpo<pwv, KEpooaKonwv 'E~paiwv, T~V wpa nov ol 'E~palOl ~piaKovTm navTou, aav £/lnoplKoi Kai TpanE(lKoi napayo­VTE~, auyypa<p£l~, nOAlTlKOi, uVTanoKplTE~ £<pT)/lEpiowv OAWV TWV unoxpwaEwv. 'Ev auvTo/li<;t (ol 'E~palOl dvm) AOYOTEXVlKOi /l£Oa­(OVTE~, T~V 'lOla wpa nov dvm OlKOVO/llKOi /l£Oa(ovTE~, /lE TO eva n08t aT~V TpanE(a Kai TO aAAO aTO aOataALaTLKO KivT)/la Kai /lE Ta onia8La TOU~ Ka8La/lEva aTOV YEp/laVLKO TVno. AUToi EXOUV ypa­nwaEl TOV nEYXO OAWV TWV £<P'l/lEpiOWV, Kai /lnop£lTE va <paVTa­aTELTE Ti £/lETlKa EVTuna dvm TO unOTEA£O/lU TOU~. Twpa, aUTO~ OAO~ a £~pa'iKO~ Koa/lO~, 0 6nOlO~ aUYKpOTEl /lia aEKTa £K/lETaA­A£Ua'l~' eva Aao uno ~OEAAE~, €va MT)<puyo napaatTo, aT~V 6noia EIVaL aTEva Kai ~a8la auvOeOe/l£VOl 6 eva~ /lE TOV aAAov, xwpi~ va Aoyapla(ouv 0Xl /lovo auvoplaKE~, UAAa £nia'le; oiJTE Kai nOAlTlKEe; 8ta<pop£e; - aUTOe; 6 'E~pa'iKOe; Koa/lo~ dvm aTle; ~/lEpEe; /lae;, KaTa /l£)'UAO /lEpOe;, aT~v ola8£OT) TOU Map~ ~ TOU POTalAT.»

'0 7tLO dALKPLV~~ fla.(JOVO~

"I awe; va uvapwTTj8eI Kavel~, ela~a(oVTa<:; '(a napamlVW, mi>e; YV(l>pi(ou/le OTl OAa a\>T<.l elva I UA1;8ela, Lelwe; oaa ava<pEpoupe

Yla niv Ka~l7taAa Kat 'n;v I-laaovla. 'H anav'('101l elval OTI unap­xouv nOAAEe; n'ly£e;, nOD unoeeLKvDouV OTl oAa aUTa elval aA'l8 l­va aTOlX£la Kai 0Xl 8EWpiEe; auvwl-loaiae;.

34 MOL'1DPm.: PAMMOI

MLa <'mo TtC; nflY£C; £Iva! Kat 0 Kopu<paloc; A!.u:plKavOc; ~laao­voC;, 0 DalK (Albert Pike), 0 onoloc; ~Tav u'Vf]A6~a8!l0c; !laaovOC; Kat <pavaTlKoc; Ka!lnaAlat~C;. To 1871 of]!loat£ua£ TO epyo TOU «Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry», nou urroKaAu1TT£ !l£ aa<p~v£la Ta MY!lata Kat TLC; 8£wpL£c; TWV Ka!lnaAlaTWV !laaovwv. AC; OOU!l£ KanOla urro­arraa!lata:

<<H !laaovLa dVa! ~ uva(~TTJaTJ TOU <DWTOC;. AUT~ ~ ava(~Tf]aTJ !laC; OOf]y£1 un£u8dac; ntO'w, onwc; ~A.trr£T£, aT~v Ka!lnaAa.» KaL «Nal, 0 'Ewa<popoc; dVa! 8eoc; Kat, ouaTUXWC;, Kalo AOoval (0 8£0c; TWV Xplanavwv) dvat 8£0C;».

AUTec; ot uf]8taaTlKec; KaL aVTlxpWTlaVlKec; 8£wpl£c; TOU Da­lK cmOKaAUnTOUV OTl ~ Ka!lnaAlaTlK~ 8pf]aKda OEY dvat Tlrro­Ta aAAo, napa aaTavoAaTpla, ~ orrola ~aO'lA£U£l atlc; !laaovlKec; aToec; Kal aTtC; Kap8tec; TWV LlwvlaTwv, aaX£Ta nou auv~8wc; 8£v TO O!lOAOYOUV. '0 DalK £ix£ Of]!lOO'l£Ua£l KaL aAAa Kd!l£va, nou <pavepwvav Ta axeOla TWV Llwvlatwv Yla T~V KaTaPYf]af] TOU XplaTlaVla!l0u KaL T~V tmpoA~ T~C; AaTpdac; TOU 'Ewa<popou.

~lWVl(J"ttc; ivaV'tLov tE~paiwv

~ H aopaTTJ Opaaf] TWV Ka!lrraAlO'T(l>v 'E~paiwv) rrou ~£K[V'la£ O'T[C; apxec; tou 180u a!wva, eIX£ cmoowael KapnoUe;. 'H Eupwrr'l

~tav ae f,l£yaAo ~aeflo EA£YXOfl£v'l <.'mo TOUe; LlWVlO'TEC; O'Ta TEAll TOU 190u ulwva, orroT£ dX£ ep8el 1'1 {~pu va rrepa.O'ouv aT~v eno­fl£VTJ <paaf], aT~v Oll~lloupy[a TOU KpaTouc; Tou·Iapa~A. ·EOw dxav KatVOUpla rrpopAl1flaTa va. a.VTl~l£Twntaouv, uAAa o[ LlwvlaTec; £Ixav aO'Tdp£uTf] eUPTJflUTlKOTlFa! To rrpwTO np6~A'lfla ~Tav 8e­OAOYlKO: !l£ ~aaf] T~V DaAula. Llla911K'l, TO KpaTOC; Tou 'lO'pa~A 8a TO e<pTlaxv£ 0 MwaLac;, 0Xl ot 'E~patOl an6 flOVOl TOUC;.

O[ LlwvlaT£C; ~p~Kav af,leaWC; T~V MaTJ: arro<paO'laav va <ptla-

fINE GEm: XOPIL TON GEO 35

~ouv flOVOl toue; to Kpatoe; Kat fleta 8a E~plaKav Kat Eva flwata va tOUe; Ku~£pv~a£d Aut~ ~ rrpotaaTJ ~P~K£ apKetoUC; 'E~palouc;, rrou OEV ~tav KaflrraAlatee;, avtl8£touc; Kal ex8plKoUC;. Auto <pa­VTJK£ EVtova fleta to rrpwto (<pav£po rrAtov) LlwvlatlKO auve­OplO, rrou 6pyavwaav ol LlwVlatee; to 1897 at~v rroATJ BamAela t~ e; 'EA~etlae;.

To 8eut£po rrpo~ATJfla ~tav rrpaKtlKo. 'H IIaAatatlvTJ ~tav flla <ptWx~ Kal avuopTJ rr£plox~ T~e; '08wflavlK~e; aUtoKpaToplae;. To 1919 urroAoyl~etat ()-rl ~oucrav crt~v IIaAatcrTlvTJ 60.000'E~palol Kal 600.000 Apa~£e; . J\cr<paAWe;, ol Llwvlcrtee; OEv dxav crKorro va KaTacrKcuacrouv TO KpaTOe; TOU 'Icrpa~A fle Apa~£e; rroAlT£e;! 'Orro­t£, Errp£rr£ va ylvouv KocrfloyovlKee; aAAayee;: va lopu8ei arro to rrou8£va to KpaTOe; tou'Icrpa~A, va «arroflaKpuv80uv» EKaTovTa­O£e; XlAla8ee; Apa~£e; (IIaAatcrtlvlol) Kal va «fleta<p£p80uv» fla~l­Ka'E~palOl, WaT£ va arroKt~a£l TO veo Kpatoe; E~pa'lKo rrATJ8uaflo.

'H dpwvela dvat Oll aUTo to tp£AO crXe8to Oev to ~8£Aav oiJT£ ol 'E~palOl, ocro Kal av ~ouaav ae YKeto Kal av Kata KatpoUe; u<pl­crtavto aOlK£e; Kal paTmcrTlKee; 8tW~£lC; arro toue; Eupwrralouc;. IIoloe; 'E~paloe; 8a eYKaTeA£lT££ to arrlll tou, t~V OouAna tou, TOUe; <plAOUe; tou, cre cmOla rroATJ t~c; EupwrrTJe; Kal av ~oucr£, Kal8a rr~yatv£ crT~v IIaAatcrtlvTJ, va <ptla~£l arro to flTJOev T~V ~w~ TOU, avaflwa cre ToupKoue; Kal Apa~£e;;

J\AAa crTJflacrla oev dx£ tl ~8£Aav ol arrAol Kal a8wol 'E~palOl. LTJflacrla dx£ Tl dxav 6V£lpcutei ol £YKATJflatl£e; Llwvlcrtec;! Kavelc; oev Errp£rr£ va flrrei eflrro8to crtO opafla t~e; rraYKocrfllac; auto­Kpatoplae;, fle rrpwt£uouaa T~V 'I£pouaaA~ fl. Ol 'E~palOl Errp£rr£ va e~avaYKacrtoUV, va tpofloKpatTJ80uv, va <puyouv rravlKo~ATJ­tOl Yla t~v IIaAatcrtlvTJ. Ol Apa~£c; t~e; IIaAatcrTlvTJC; Errp£rr£ va «a8£lacrouv» tov xwpo, Yla va Ep80uv ol 'E~paiOl. Kal ol ToupKOl Errp£T££ va rrapaxwp~crouv t~v y~ T~e; IIaAatcrTlvTJe;·

'0 £Krrpocrwrroe; TWV LlWVlaTWV, 8£00wpoe; XeptaA (Herzl), auvaVTTJcr£ to 1901 tOV ToupKO Louhavo Abdulhamid II Kal

36 L'.IOL'.OPOI PAMMOI

TOU cpaV£pWaE ni ax£OLa T<.lJV LLWVLa-rWV. '0 Louhavo<; CHt£ppn\,E TO aLTllfla YLa rrapaxwpTlO'll T~e; I1aAaLO'Tiv ll<;, aAAa flUAAOV Mv dXE KaLaAapEL fl£ rrOlOUC; dXE va KaVeL! Ot LlWVLOT£e; opyavwaav afl£O'we; TO KLvllfla -rwv NWTOUPKWV tvaVTiov TOU Louhavou KaL TEAlKa 8l£Auaav T~V 'OSwflavlK~ aUToKpaTopLa, fl£ TOV A I1a­YKoafllo I10AEflo.

"Err£lTa, ~ OaLflOVlK~ Auaaa -rwv Llwvlatwv ~£anam: £vavtLov TWV lOteov TWV ·E~palwv. fUAa, Kata T~V TIpOO'CPlA~ TOUe; TaKTlK~, oF-v OlF-TIpa~av of '{OIOl to EYI<A'l ~la."E~aAav KaTIOlOV aAAo TP€AO va EKn:A£aEl tOue; 'E~paioue;, TIOU oF-v EAEyav va eYKaTaA€l\llouv t~v EupWTI'l, tOV XltAEp. 6 onoIoe; KaTEa"TpE'}'E TOUe; 'E~palouc;,

aAAa EOWO'E TOV LlWVlO'flO, IlE to YV(OOlO oA.oKaunofla. LTO"TEAOC;, flE niv i'opuO''l Tou'Iopa~A, O'T[C; 14/5/1948, aPXlaE

Kat Ii n:AlK~ cpao'l TOU aXEolou, O'lAaO~ ~ «aTIOfl aKPUVa'l» TOU apa~lKoO TIA'l8uafloii T~C; I1aAalO"Tiv'lC;, ~lE eva oAoKaut(ofla, TIOU OuvEx[(eTal ~lEXPl o~llepa ...

~ acpvlKa, Ot aVSpWTIOl ano T~V 8EKaETIa TOU 1980 Kal ETIElTa, ~avaKaAu\\fav OTt ~ OflOCPUAocplAta o£v ELVaL acpumKll, o£v ELVal OtaoTpocp~, OTIWe; 0lloAoyouoav Kat Ot \\fuXLaTpOl aTO napEASov, 8£v dVaL aflaptla. Kal TIptn£l va ylVEl TPOTIO<; (w~<;, rrpErtEl va ylV£l vOlloe; TOU KpaTouc;, rrpEnEl ~ OAOl va ylvouflE £Tm ~ va XEL­POKpOTOUflE aUl'OUe; nou dVal £Tm.

fLaTl, apaYE, 0 LlWVlafloe; EX£l «KOAA~aW) toao nOAu 11£ TO SEfla T~<; oflOCPuAocplAlac;; M£ ~aall T~V KaflnaAa, 0 Seo<; dVaL av8poyuvoe;! AVTlaTOlxa, 0 npWTo<;, 0 apXEyovoC;, 0 apXETU1tlKO<; avSpwno<; adam kadmon ~TctV avopoyuvOC;. 'H Eflcpavloll ~EXW­plaTwv CPUAWV (avOpac; - yuvalKa) ~Tav aTIOTEAWfla 11TWOTje;, TIapaKfl~C;' 'ETIOIlEvwe;, npETIEl va KaTapYTjSOuv Ta cpuAa, wate

fINE 8EOL XOPIL TON 8EO 37

va ~avaylvouf!£ aUS£V1'lKOl avSpwreol (androgynous). 'H yuval­Ka va eLVaL Kal avopae; 1'au1'0xpova, aAAa Kal 0 avopae; va eLVaL yuvalKa!

n' au1'O Kal1'o aXEOto 1'WV LlWVla1'WV EOW Kal xpovla repoE~A£­re£ va EmKpa1'~a£l aL~V YUVaLK£La f!60a 1'~e; Eupwrelle; 1'0 aV1'plKO V1'DaLf!O (reaV1'£AOvl), wa1'£ aKODaLa va apxlaouv ot yuvaiK£e; va aiaSavov1'aL avop£e;! at avop£e;, aV1'la1'Olxa, reapaKlVOUV1'aL reAE­ov areo reav1'OU va aE~OV1'aL 1'~ «Otacpop£1'lKo1'll1'a» 1'WV of!ocpu­AocplAWV Kal, Yla1'l 0Xl, va 1'~V OOKlf!a~OUV.

'0 ~£T[wf!0e; 1'~e; Eupwrelle; OEV eX£l 1'£A£lWf!O. AKof!ll Kal a1'~v 'EAAaOa Otopyavwvov1'aL gay pride, reOD XPllf!a1'oOo1'oUV1'aL areo aLWVlaLlKEe; MKO, Kal ot reOAl1'lKOl f!ae; «~yE1'£e;» realpvouv EV1'OA~ va aUf!f!£1'EXOUV aL~V repw1'll ypaf!f!~ 1'WV reaP£Aaa£WV!

Kal ~ KopDcpwall 1'OU a'laxoue; eLVaL 1'0 OLl ~ Otaa1'pocp~ ylv£-1'aL Kal vOf!oe; 1'OU Kpa1'OUe;, orewe; doaf!£ Kal aL~V 'EAAaOa, oreou 'i'llcpla1'llK£ vOf!oaXEOto Yla o~Awall aAAay~e; cpDAOU aE Ecp~~OUe; 15 ELwv. I1EV Sa apy~a£l va. epS£l ~ f!Epa reoD ol LlWVlaLEe; Sa Em~aAOUV au1'o reoD AE£l ~ SpllaK£La 1'Oue;: Sa Ka1'apy~aouv OPl­aLlKa 1'a ovo cpDAa Kal OAOl ol avop£e; 8a eLVaL l)T[0XP£WLlKa Kal yuvaiK£e; Kal1'o aV1'la1'pocpo.

Kal, allf!£lw1'EOV, Kal aE EK£lv£e; 1'le; a8Al£e; f!Ep£e; 1'OU f!EAAO­V1'Oe;, oreOlOe; 8a 1'OAf!~a£l va. eLVaL f!ovo 1'0 CPUaLKO LOU CPDAO, 8a eLVaL omaSoopOf!lKOe;, aK01'aOta1'~e;, cpaala1'ae;, av8pwreoe; 1'OU f!walwva Kal f!reop£l va ucpla1'a1'aL Kal reOlvlKEe; Kupwa£le;. Au1'O eLVaL 1'0 f!EAAOV 1'~e; EupwrellC; ...

'E1tlAOYO~

M £1'a ano aUT~v T~V laTopLK~ avaopoll~ aT~v aATJ8LV~ nopeia T~e; EupwnTJe; npoe; TOV nVEullanKo YKPEllo, nou AEY£1'aL Ka­

IlnaAa, 'lawe; va avapwTTJ8Ei Kaveie;: £IlE1e;, ol anAol aV8PWnOl, Tl IlnopoullE va KaVOUIlEj

'H anaVTTJaTJ dVaL CtnA~. Na yvwplaoullE T~V aA~8ELa, ana Kal va aymt~aoullE T~V aA~8ELa. Kal ~ llovTJ aA~8ELa dVaL 0 XpL­aTOe;. AAAa OEV apKEi va yvwplaEL Kavele; TOV XplaTO, YlaTI Kat ot oallloVEe; Tov yvwpl~ouv, aAAa Tov Illaouv! I1pEnEl va ayan~aou­IlE TOV XpLaTO, IlE TO va £cpapllo~ouIlE TIe; £vToHe; Tou.

"Av ot Eupwna10l ~Tav aATJSlvol XpLanavol, ~ EupwnTJ Sa ~Tav Evae; anEpavTOe; napaOelaOe;. AAAa ouaTuxwe;, npoTLIl~aallE T~V KOAaaTJ Kal TEALKa Ilae; KU~EPVOUV ot aV8pWnOl, nov AaXtapouv va Ilae; KaVOUV KOAaaTJ T~V ~w~ Ilae;.

'Iolwe; EIlEle; ot "EAATJVEe; e'l/laaTE Ot mo aXaPLaTOl ano OAOUe;. 'Yn~p~aIlE TO E8voe;, nov auvoE8TJKE 00'0 KaVEva ano IlE TOV XPl­aTO Kat T~V 'EKKATJata Tou, Kat KaTavT~aallE ano aOtacpOpOL Ewe; Kal £X8PLKOI npoe; TOV XplaTo.

Ta oaa avacpEpallE at aUTO TO ~l~Alo '(awe; at KanOLOUe; va cpa­vouv imEP~OAlKa ~ Kal paTaLanKa. 'OaToao, 0 aKonoe; Ilae; Mv dVaL va £KCPpaaoullE 1l1aoe;, otv IllaoullE TOVe; av8pwnoue;, Otv IlLaoullE TOVe; nAavTJlltvoue;, TOUe; 0lloCPuAocpLAoue;, TOUe; nOAlTl­KOVe;, OUTE KaV TOVe; LlwvLaTEe;. Mlaou/lE T~V CtllapTla, TO \jIEUOOe;, T~V KaKla, 0Xl TOVe; 'iOtoue; TOUe; av8pwnoue;. MaKapL va ll£1'avo­~aouv KarrOTE Kat ol 'lOtOL ol KallrraAlaTEe;, va ylvouv XpLaTLavo[, va Ilrrouv aTOV I1apaoElao.

AAAa IltXPL va YIVEl aUTO, 8a rrptrrEL va naAt\jloullE £vavna aTa rrapaVO'lKa TOUe; axtOta, va rroAEIl~aoullE Ta KTTJVWOTJ Epya

40 t.IOt.DP02: PAMM02:

tOU<;. ot LlWVl0t£<; OOUA£1JOUV cmo to 1724 Yla tov L1la~OAO. KaL­po<; va OOUAE\lfOUfl£ Kat ffl£L<; Yla tOV Xpl0to Kat 'EK£lvo<; 8a ava­Aa~£l va taKtonol~0£l tov L1la~OAO.

TIapap'Tf) ~a

KaT'U.oyo~ Eupwnaiwv olavoovflEVWV, nov U1t11p~aV Kat anOKpvcplOTE<;.

• Marsilio Pieino (1433-1499) lraAot; KAllplKot;, v£07TAaTwvlaT~t;, aaTpoAoYOt;, flETtcppaaE TO Corpus Hermeticum • Ludovico Lazzarelli (1447-1500) 'ITaAOt; 7TolllT~t;, cplAoaocpOt;, tpflllTlKOt;, auv8Ua~E xplaTlaVlK~ 7Tl­aTll flt tpflllTlK~ flay£ia • Johann Reuchlin (1455-1522) rEpflavot; cplAOAOYOt;, €ypa\llE TO 1517 De Arte Cabbalistica • Johann Trithemius (1462-1516) rEpflavot; ~EVEOtKTlvot; flovaX0t;, €ypa\llE TO 1499 Steganographia (~l~AtO flay£iat;) , OaaKaAo<; lOU Aypt7T7Ta • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) 'lTaAOt; cplAOaocpo<;, fla811T~<; TOU <DlTatVO, tpflllTlKo<; Kat Kafl7Ta­AlaT~<;

• Agrippa Cornelius Heinrich (1486-1535) rEpflavo<; laTpo<;, tpflllTlKo<;, Kafl7TaAlaT~<;, €ypa\llE TO 1531 De Occulta Philo sophia • Theophrastus Paracelsus (1494-1541) 'EA~ETot; iaTpo<;, XllfllKO<;, tpf.lllTlKot;, aaTpoAOYOt; • Johann Weyer (1515-1588) 'OAAav66t; laTpo<;, fla811T~<; TOU Aypt7T7Ta, OaLflOVOAOYO<;, aaxoA~-811KE flt T~V axtall flaYELat; Kat vEUpaa8tvEla<; • Thomas Charnock (1516-1581) 'AYYAot; yEwypacpo<;, aAXllf.ltaT~<;

42 i1IOi1D.POI PAMMOI

• John Dee (1527 - 1608) 'AYYAO~ fla811flaTlK6~) aatpov6flo~) epflllTlK6~ flCtYo~) aUfl~ouAO~ t~~ ~aalAlaaa~ 'EAlaa~El 1\ • Valentin Weigel (1533-1588) r£Pflav6~ q)[AOao<po~) auvOUa~£ 8£OAoyla KaL aOtpoAoYLa • Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) L1avo~ aotpov6flo~) aAXllfllot~~) aOtpoA.6yo~

• Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) 'haA6<; 8ofllvlKav6~ KAllPlKo~) <plA.600<pO~ ) fla811flaTlKo~) EPflllTl­KO~) aatpoA.6yo~) KCtllK£ ~wvta v6~ ano t~v 'I£pa 'E~EtaOll • Balthasar Walther (1558-1631) r£Pflavo~ iatp6~) aAXllfllO't~~) KaflnaAlO't~~ ) 8aaKaAo~ tOU Boehme • Heinrich Khunrath (1560-1605) r£Pflavo~ iatpo~) EPfllltlK6~ flayo~) aAXllfllat~~) <plAO~ tou Dee • Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 'AyyAo~ q)[A.6oo<po~) nOAltlKO~) VOfllK6~) poMataupo~) nat£pa~

t~~ tmotllflovlK~~ fl£860ou • Michael Sendivogius (1566-1636) T10AWVO~ iatp6~, XllfllKo~, aAXllf.uO't~~ • Michael Maier (1568-1622) r£Pflav6~ iatp6~, aAX1lfllot~~ , £7tllptao£ tov Newton • Robert Fludd (1574-1637) 'AyyAO<; iatp6~, fla811flatlKo~) Kafl1taAlat~~, epflllTlKo~ • Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) r£Pflav6~ <plA.600<pO~) E~A£1t£ opafwta) dX£ EPfllltlKt~ KaL Kaflna­AlaTlKt~ 8£wp(£~, £1tllptao£ apKElOu<; r£Pflavou~ <plAOOO<pOU~) onw~ tov Hegel • Jan Baptist van Helmont (1580-1644) <DAaflavM~ XllfllKo~, iatpo~, epflllTlKo~, E~A£1t£ opaflata • Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) r£Pflavo~ iatpo~, fla811flaTlKo~, y£wA.6yo~, aiyumLOA.6yo~) Eypa-

IIAPAPTHMA 43

\jIE to Oedipus Aegyptiacus, taUtL~E toV Tplafl£Ylato'Epfl~ fl£ tov Mwua~

• Thomas Browne (1605-1682) AYYAOe; latpoe; Kat tpflT]tLKOe; • Henry More (1614-1687) AYYAOe; cplA6aocpoe;, eypa\jlE to 1653 Conjectura Cabbalistica • Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614-1698) <DAaflav06e; (uioe; tOU Jan Baptist) latpoe;, K~puKae; t~e; Kafl7tuAa, auvEpYUtT]e; tou Knorr, OtOa~E t~V Kafl7tuAa atov Locke Kat tov Leibniz • Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) AYYAOe; 7tOAltlKOe;, VOfllKOe;, flaaovoe;, uatpoA6yoe;, uAXT]fllat~e; • Thomas Vaughan (1621-1666) OuaA6e; cplA6aocpoe;, uAXT]fllat~e;, po06ataupoc;, fl£t£cppaaE atu UYYAlKU to 1652 to Fama Fraternitatis • Johann Friedrich Schweitzer Helvetius (1630-1709) 'OAAavOOe; latpoc; Kat aAXT]fllat~e; • John Locke (1632-1704) 'AYYAOC; cplA6aocpoe;, latpoe;, KpucpoKafl7taAlat~e; • Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (1636-1689) [Epflavoe; cplA6Aoyoe;, Kafl7taAlat~C;, eypmjlE Kabbala Denudata, Ot£OwaE t~V AouplavlK~ Kafl7tuAa at~v Eupw7tT] • Isaac Newton (1642-1726) 'AYYAOC; cpUaLKOe;, fla8T]flatLKOe;, uatpovofloe;, aAXTJfllat~C;, tpflT]­tLKOC; • Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716) [Epflavoe; fla8T]flatLKOC;, cplAoaocpoc;, CPUaLKOC;, qllAOAOYOC;, Kafl7ta­Alat~e;, tpflT]tLKOC;

To napov ~L~Alo anon:Ael £mrofl~ (fle KCt7tOL£<; npoaS~K£<;) TOU £KT£veaT£pou epyou fla<;: «H ~LWV KaTu TOU ~LwVLaflOU»,'EK86a£L<; ~a­ltll<;, onou flnop£1 Kav£i<; va ~p£i nAllpeat£PIl ~L~ALoypa<pla, YLU TO no­AunAoKo latOpLKO <PaLVOfl£VO, nou Hy£TaL ~LwvLafl0<;.

~Ta tU'lVlKa: D.C. Yermak, '0 a~ova<; TOU SavuTou (BaTLKavo, Maawvla, ~LwvLafl0<;)'

'EK86a£L<; LT£pewfla. 'EvTYKap MopEv, '0 V£WT£PLKO<; Koaflo<; Kal TO e~pa'lKO ~~TT]fla,'EK86a£L<;

TOU EiKoaTou npWTOU, AS~va 2007 (H e~pa'(K~ taTopla ano T~V 0nTL­K~ ywvla evo<; auyxpovou aSpT]aKou rano£~palou).

XapaAafl1tO~ M'lvaoYAou, 'E7tLaTpo<p~, auveX£La ~ KaLVa 8aLflovLa; '0 ano<; «EnT]vLaflo<;» TOU I1A~Swva, IIpaKTLKa E' Luv£8p[ou N£O£A­AllvLKWV Lnou8wv, @waaAov[KIl 2014.

XapaAa~11tO~ M'lvaoYAou, AnoKpu<pLaflo<;: To Kuplapxo nv£ufla TOU ~La<pwTLaflou, IIpaKTLKCt ~' Luv£8plou YLU Tov'EnllvLKO Kal Eupw­na'lKO ~La<pwTLaflo, A8~va 2016.

Taoo~ AvaoTao61touAo~, MLxa~A MnaKouvLv Kal KupA MCtp~ http://tassosanastassopoulos. blogspot.gr /2014/07/ mikhail­

aleksandrovich -bakunin -138.html

LTa «YYAl1Ca: Nesta Webster, Secret societies and subversive movements, London

1924. Cherep-Spiridovich, The secret world government or "the hidden hand",

The Anti-bolshevist Publishing Association, New York City 1926. IUou~llvaTol

misraimmemphis.com/pdf/Istoria-IlluminatLpdf http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/20 15/09/20/ 10-notable­

members-of-the-bavarian -illuminati/

46 ilIOilDPOI PAMMOI

A.P. Coudert, Leibniz, Locke, Newton and the Kabbalah https://ia601300.us.archive.org/ 1 0/ items/ coudert/ coudert. pdf

Vladimir Moss, The Jews, the Masons and the French Revolution http://www.orthodoxchristianbooks.com/articles/ 3 36/ -jews,­

masons-french -revolution/ Vladimir Moss, The origins of Freemasonry

http: // www.orthodoxchristianbooks.com/articles/ 3 34/ -origins­freemaso my /