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ONLINE BANKING _______________________________________________________________________________

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I would like to convey my thanks to Mrs Shweta Gaur, our IT project in charge for her help and guidance in the completion of my project file. Without her motivation and guidance this project mightnot have been possible.

It is only due to their efforts that my project could be completedsuccessfully. This project is to be submitted as a part of practicalexamination including in BBA curriculum of Guru Govind SinghIndraprastha University..

Dhamankur

B.B.A. Vth

(Roll no. 0081341706)

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 ABOUT EXISTING SYSTEM.

1.2.2 ABOUT PROPOSED SYSTEM.

1.3 ADVANTAGE OF PROJECT

2. PROJECT COTEGORY TOOLS AND ENVIRONMENT

2.1 PROJECT CATEGORY.

2.2 FRONT END.

2.3 BACK END.2.4 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USED.

3. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

3.1 SYSTEM INVESTIGATION / RECOGNITION OF NEED

3.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.3 ANALYSIS

3.4 DESIGN

3.5 DEVELOPMENT

3.6 IMPLEMENTATION & TESTING

4. PROJECT FORMS

5. CODING

6. CONCLUSION

7. FUTURE SCOPE

8. OUTPUT REPORT FORMAT

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION


1.2.1 ABOUT EXISTING SYSTEM.

1.2.2 ABOUT PROPOSED SYSTEM.


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1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Candid co-operation Bank that started of as a very small co-operative Bank

with just two branches has now to its credit about 25 branches spread across India. Now with thissudden surge our problems also starting increasing. As all our accounting is done manually we arefinding very tough to keep track of information and data. We have decided to go aboutcomputerizing our operations. So, we have decided to make software on ONLINE BANKING.

In this Bank project you can keep record of daily ONLINE BANKING

transactions. This project is capable of holding any number of accounts. This project has manyfeatures. These features are as follows :

• Creating new accounts.

• See list of all accounts.

• See all the transactions of a particular account or individual account.

• Deposit or Withdrawal amount.

• Take month wise accounts report.

• Modify and delete or close any account.

• Exit any time from program.

MENUS : This project has many Menus. These are as follows :

Screen :-- Main Menu

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DATE = 13/9/2008 TIME = 00:44:51

CANDID CO-OPERATION BANK

2. List of Accounts3. Individual Account4. Daily Transaction5. Monthly Report6. Edit Account7. Exit

THIS PROJECT IS MADE BY MR.DHAMANKUR

STUDENT OF B.B.A. 5 TH SEM.

M A I N – M E N U

1. New Account



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VALIDATION :

Now we would like to describe some underlying principle of this project Menus :

1. VALIDATION FOR ADDITION OR NEW ACCOUNT :

• Account number should be generated automatically and no two accounts should havesame number.

• Opening date should not be accepted. It means that date should be system date.

• Persons name, address and name of guarantor should not be greater than 25 characters.

• Account number should be displayed from the previous block.

• Initial amount should be accepted if amount greater than or equal to Rs. 500/-.

NO-VALIDATION FOR ADDITION OR NEW ACCOUNT :

• Account’s holder name must be accepted.

• Account holder’s address should be accepted.

Screen :-- Open New Account

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Date = 13/9/2008 <0>=exitOpen New Account

Account No# 6 Name :Address : Name of guarantor :Initial Deposit :

Enter Name



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2. NO-VALIDATION FOR LIST OF ACCOUNT :

• There is no validation for this Menu.

• This Menu displayed all the information of all accounts holders such as Accountnumber, Name, Address, Balance of each holder and total balance in Bank.

Screen :-- List of Accounts

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Accounts List in Bank = = = = = = = = = = = = = Date : 13/9/2008

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =Accno# Name Address Balance= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =1 XYZ H1-Delhi 1200.002 ABC Ghaziabad 1350.00= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Total balance in Bank 2550.00



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3. VALIDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT• Account number should be entered and that should be present in the database.

• It displayed you Account number, name, Address, System date, Global report of account such as Date, Particular, Deposit, Withdraw and Balance field.

Screen: -- Individual Account

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Account no. 2 ABC Date : 13/9/2008Ghaziabad

Global Report of Account= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =Date Particular Deposit Withdraw Balance

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =11-4-2001 Initial 1200.00 1200.0012-4-2001 Cash 1500.00 2700.00= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Total 2700.00 0 2700.00



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4. VALIDATION FOR DAILY TRANSACTIONS :

• Account number should be entered. The account number should be present in thedatabase.

• Transaction date should be system date and it should be displayed only.

• Transaction type should be entered. Transaction type should be D/W. (D-Deposit, W-Withdrawal).

• Only name and address field of that particular account number displayed.

• It must be entered that transactions made by cash or cheque.

NO-VALIDATION FOR DAILY TRANSACTIONS :

• Amount has no validation in daily transaction. It means that you can enter any figure.

Screen :-- Daily Transactions

5. VALIDATION FOR MONTHLY REPORT :

• Entered the Date, Month and Year of which you want to take report.

• Entered account number. It should be present in the database.

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<0>=Exit

Date : 13/9/2008Account no. 2Deposit or Withdraw (D/W) :

Name : ABCAddress : Ghaziabad

Last balance Rs. 2700.00

Transaction in Account



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• It will display you all the report of that account.

• It displayed account number, name, address, and system date and statement month.

• Date, Particulars, Deposit, Withdraw and balance fields are displayed with containedvalue.

• Date display the date when transactions made, Particulars shows how the transactionsmade, by Cash or Cheque. Deposit and withdraw fields display the amounts andBalance field show the balances between the starting date till last date.

Screen :-- Monthly Report

6. VALIDATION FOR MODIFICATION :

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Account no. 2 ABC Date : 13/9/2008Ghaziabad

Statement Month : 4/10/2008= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =Date Particular Deposit Withdraw Balance= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

B/F... 0.0011-4-2001 Initial 1200.00 1200.0012-4-2001 Cash 1500.00 2700.00= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Total 2700.00 0 2700.00



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• Fields account number, Name of account holder, Address of account holder andBalance are only displayed.

• Modify only name and address of account’s holder.

NO VALIDATION FOR MODIFICATION :

• No modification in the Balance of accounts.

• No modification in the Date, and Particulars such as Cash or Cheque.

Screen :-- Modify Account

7. VALIDATION FOR DELETION :

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Date : 13/9/2008 <0>=Exit

Account no. 2 Name : ABCAddress : GhaziabadBalance : 2700.00Modify this account (y/n) : y

Name : ACBAddress : Delhi

Enter Address or press enter for no change

Modify Account



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• Before closing any account, his/her dues to be settled or completed.

Screen :-- Close Account

1.2.1 ABOUT EXISTING/PROPOSED SYSTEM

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<0>=Exit

Account no. 2Date : 13/4/2001

Name : ACBAddress : DelhiBalance : 2700.00

Close this account (y/n)? :

Close account screen



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Computer is served as tool for managing information. Almost all big organizations are

voluminous and repetitive in nature. As a result of which various systems are being developed for

daily use of words and their meanings, and many other words and meaning [vocabulary] like

ONLINE BANKING system, Flight reservation system etc. Now systems are being developed

in Visual Basic 6.0 as the front end and MS-Access or Oracle at the back end that can take care of

data consistency, completeness and correctness of the information and have interfaces with one

another. The manual systems are being replaced with computerized systems that have resulted in

efficient and smooth working of the different departments.

EARLIER SYSTEM MODIFYING SYSTEM

# Not Integrated With Other System.

# Based On Software

FOXPRO 2.5 , COBOL , BASIC

# Integrated

# Based On SoftwareImplemented with

VB 6.0 & ORACLEMS-ACCESS


TIME SAVING

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Using computers can save a lot of time. This is possible, as computers are fast, efficient and

more accurate as compared to human beings.

QUICK REPORTS

A computerized system can help on generating different types of reports. This can be done easily by merely pressing few keys. Reports can be easily obtained at the spur of the moment unlike a

manual system.

MUCH MORE DETAILS AVAILABLE

A large amount of details can be obtained easily in a computerized system which otherwise can’t

be available in a manual system.

FASTER AND EASIER DATA RETRIEVAL

By using computerized system data can be retrieved at much faster pace. Old records can be

located immediately and easily.

ECONOMICAL

Due to computerization more accurate functioning can be obtained as compared to manual

systems in long term.

DECREASED NUMBER OF PEOPLE

Computerization will decrease manpower dependence. It will decrease the number of people

required for purchasing & selling goods.

2.1 PROJECT CATEGORY

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There exists three main categories of project:

1. HIGH LEVEL

A high-level project is that project have been Developed with the help of the

front-end as well as backend. But we will take mostly in the backend. It is useful and specified for very large projects.

2. MIDDLE LEVEL

A middle level project is that project which has developed with the help of the

front end as well as backend. But as we will take mostly MS Access in the back-end. It is useful

and specified for large projects.

3. LOW LEVELA low level project is that project which has developed with the help of the front

end only. It is useful and specified for small projects.

“ ONLINE BANKING ” is the software, which come under the category of "MIDDLE LEVEL”. Taking “VB” in the front-end and “SQL” in the backenddevelops this project. It comes under the category of large projects.

2.2 FORNT END

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Visual Basic

Visual Basic is a highly interactive programming language. It has several features that allow the

programmer to develop applications for Microsoft windows in an easy and efficient manner. The

Visual Basic environment increases the productivity of the programmer by providing the toolsnecessary to develop extremely sophisticated applications. Visual Basic realizes very heavily on

the Windows graphical user interface. Therefore the only prerequisite to work in Visual Basic

environment is to have a firm understanding of Mouse, Windows, Pull down Menu and Dialog

Boxes.

Why visual basic?

The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

language, a language used by more programmers than any other language in the history of

computing. Visual Basic has evolved from the original BASIC language and now contains several

hundred statements, functions, and keywords, many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI.

Beginners can create useful applications by learning just a few of the keywords, yet the power of

the language allows professionals to accomplish anything that can be accomplished using any

other Windows programming language.

The Visual Basic programming language is not unique to Visual Basic. The Visual Basic

programming system, Applications Edition included in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and

many other Windows applications uses the same language. The Visual Basic Scripting Edition

(VBScript) is a widely used scripting language and a subset of the Visual Basic language. The

investment you make in learning Visual Basic will carry over to these other areas.

Whether it is needed to create a small utility for yourself or work group, a large enterprise-wide

system, or even distributed applications spanning the globe via the Internet, Visual Basic has the

tools needed.

• Data access features allows to create databases, front-end applications, and scalable server-

side components for most popular database formats, including Microsoft SQL

Server,Oracle and other enterprise-level databases.

• ActiveX technologies allows to use the functionality provided by other applications, such

as Microsoft Word word processor, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and other Windows

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applications. Applications can even be automated and objects created using the

Professional or Enterprise editions of Visual Basic.

• Internet capabilities make it easy to provide access to documents and applications across

the Internet or intranet from within your application, or to create Internet server

applications.

• Finished application is a true .exe file that uses a Visual Basic Virtual Machine that can be

freely distribute.

2.3 BACKEND

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SQL

SQL is a super powerful program with dozens of features to have you with your information management.

Because MS constantly expends the capabilities of Access for both new database users and programmers,

it includes an amazing array of tools. SQL explains how to accomplish basics like planning a database,

creating tables, designing forms and reports to present your information and automating tasks such as

navigating through a database.

WHY SQL?

• SQL stands for structured query language.

• SQL allows you to access a data base.

• SQL is an ANSI standard computer language

• SQL can execute query against a data base.

• SQL can retrieve data from a data base.

• SQL can insert new records in a data base.

2.4 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USED

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“SOFTWARE USED VISUAL BASIC”

Visual Basic is a highly interactive programming language. It has several features that allow the

programmer to develop applications for Microsoft windows in an easy and efficient manner. The

Visual Basic environment increases the productivity of the programmer by providing the tools

necessary to develop extremely sophisticated applications. Visual Basic realizes very heavily on

the Windows graphical user interface. Therefore the only prerequisite to work in Visual Basic

environment is to have a firm understanding of Mouse, Windows, Pull down Menu and Dialog

Boxes.

Objectives

Visual Basic has following objectives:

1. Provide facility to spend more time on mastering the application and less time worrying

about which keystrokes to what within menu and dialog boxes

2. To provide programmer to have long had mixed feelings about GUI’s.

3. The objectives is to remove the headache of the programmer that what the mouse was

doing, where the user was inside a menu, and whether he or she was clicking or double

clicking at a given place.

4. To provide perfect programming environment.

5. It helps us to create effective and robust application packed with impressive outlook in

minimum time.

6. The main objective of Visual Basic is to provide an integrated development environment

IDE.

7. Another objective is to provide graphics programming.

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Version

In our project, we have used Visual Basic 6.0. Usually there are different versions available in the

market as Visual Basic 5.0 and Visual Basic 4.0 etc. There are three commercial addition of Visual

Basic 6.0 available as follows: -

1. Learning

2. Pro

3. Enterprise

They differ in their features and price considerably. Version 6.0 of Visual Basic is Windows 95/98

and Windows NT specific; it cannot run or build in Windows 3.1 application.

Characteristics

1. Visual Basic lets us to add menus, text boxes, labels, command buttons, option buttons and

other tools to blank Windows

2. It increases the productivity of the programmer by providing the Toolsnecessary to develop extremely sophisticated application.

3. In Visual Basic we can have multiple windows on a screen. These windows have

full access to the clip board and to the information in most of the other windows

Applications running at the same time

4. We can communicate with other Windows applications and perhaps most

importantly, we will have any easy method to let users control and access

databases.

5. We can use Visual basic to communicate with other applications running under

Windows, using the most modern version of Microsoft’s COM/OLE technology.

6. We can create our own tools and interfaces that can be used in any form, using the

ActiveX Control.

7. We can create our own functions that can be used in any project, using the

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ActiveX DLL.

8. Visual Basic provides us facility of the multiple documents interfaces (MDI)

which allows us to create an application that maintains multiple forms within a

single character form.

9. An MDI allows the user to display multiple documents at the same time, with each

document displayed in its own Window.

10. Visual Basic provides us facility of the Data Control which helps to create

applications that display edit and update information from many types of existing

databases, including Microsoft Access, Btrieve, dBase, Microsoft FoxPro and

Paradox. We can also use it to access Microsoft Excel, Lotus1-2-3, and standard

ASCII text files as if they were true databases.

In addition, the data control allows us to access and manipulate remote open database connectivity

(ODBC) database such as Microsoft SQL server and Oracle.

Reports

Visual Basic has two types of Reports as follows:

- Crystal Reports

- MsFlexigrid.

Crystal Reports:

One powerful tool report development is Crystal Reports in Visual Basic. It comprises of two

major components:

Report Development Interface: This is the interface in which the report layout is designed.

Custom Control: This is added to the Visual Basic application and handles the generations and

printing of previously created reports.

Crystal report is supplied with each copy of Visual Basic 5.0.

In our project we have used Crystal Reports for printing the report as needed by the projects.

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MsFlexigrid:

The Flexi grid Control lets to build spreadsheet like features into the project(s) or display tabular

information neatly and efficiently. Each grid member (intersection of a row and column) is usually

a cell. Cells can hold text, bitmaps, or icons, and it can even have some cells holding text and other

holding graphics. Numbers must be translated back and forth using the right conversion

(Cint,CDbl and so on) and str ($) functions or the variant data type must be used- as it would do

with text. It can specify the contents, as well as the width and height of a row or column, and it can

use code to control each cell individually while the project is running.

The hardware’s specifications for this “ ONLINE BANKING” software are

used as follows.

Specifications:

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Space taken : This software hardly takes 300 kilo byte

space on your disk.

Minimum System Requirements:

Processor : 486 or Higher with 133 MHZ.

RAM : 16 Mega Byte.

Display : 256 colors.

Hard Disk : 1.2 Giga Byte.

Monitor : Color.

Operating System Support:

Platforms : Windows 9x/2000/NT, UNIX, LINUX.

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3 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

3.1 SYSTEM INVESTIGATION / RECOGNITION OF NEED


3.3 ANALYSIS

3.4 DESIGN

3.5 DEVELOPMENT

3.6 IMPLEMENTATION & TESTING

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3.1 SYSTEM INVESTIGATION/ RECOGNIZATION OF NEED

The top management of an organization first decides that a computer-based information system

would be desirable to improve the operations of the organization. Once this basic decision is taken,

a system analyst is consulted. The first job of the system analyst is to understand the existing

system which could be manual or computer-based. During this stage he understands the

organization by means of extensive discussions with all levels in the organization hierarchy,

namely top managers to clerks. Based on this he identifies what aspects of the operations of the

organization need computer-based information systems. The analyst discusses with managers and

users their functions and determines the areas where a computer-based information system can be

effective. The applications where a computer can be employed are listed. By consensus among

managers and users priorities are assigned to these applications. It is extremely important to get the

users involved right from the initial stages of the development of an information system and

seriously consider their suggestions. After discussions the analyst finally arrives at the

specifications of user’s requirements by consensus. This ensures that all potential users feel

involved in the project. This is essential to obtain cooperation in the long run in the development

and operation of the information system.

Feasibility Analysis

Having drawn up the rough specification, the next step is to check whether it is feasible to

implement the system. A feasibility study takes into account various constraints within which the

system should be implemented and operated. The resources needed for implementation such as

computing equipment, manpower and cost are estimated, based on the specifications of user’s

requirements. These estimates are compared with the available resources. A comparison of the cost

of the system and the benefits which will accrue is also made. This document, known as the

feasibility report, is given to the management of the organization.

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Final Specifications

The management of the organization studies this feasibility report and suggests modifications in

the requirements, if any. Knowing the constraints on available resources, and the modified

requirements specified by the organization, the final specifications of the information system to be

developed are drawn up by the system analyst. These specifications should be in a form which can

be easily understood by the users. The specification state what the system would achieve. It does

not describe how the system would do it. These specifications are given back to the users who

study them, consult their colleagues and offer suggestions to the systems analyst for appropriate

changes. These changes are incorporated by the system analyst and a new set of applications are

given back to the users. After discussions between the system analyst and the users the final

specifications are drawn up which are approved for implementation? Along with this, criteria for

system approval are specified, which will normally include a system test plan.

Hardware Study

Based on the finalized specifications it is necessary to determine the configuration of hardware and

support software essential to execute the specified application. This is based on volumes of data to

be processed, frequency of reports, whether on-line enquiry is required, response time for on-line

jobs, etc.

System Design

The next step is to develop the logical design of the system. The inputs to the system design phase

are functional specifications of the system and details about the computer configuration. During

this phase the logic of the programs is designed, files or databases are designed, and program test

plans and implementation plan are drawn up. The system design should begin from the objectives

of the system, namely, the information requirement of users, and use this to find the necessarydatabase.

System Implementation

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The next phase is implementation of the system. In this phase all the programs are written,

database is created, user operational document is written, users are trained, and the system tested

with operational data.

System Evaluation

After the system has been in operation for a reasonable period, it is evaluated and a plan for its

improvement is drawn up. Table 1.1 summarizes the information system analysis and design

procedure. This is called system life cycle. The shortcomings of a system-namely, what a user

expected from the system and what he actually got-are realized only after a system is used for a

reasonable time.Similarly, the shortcomings in an information system are realized only after it is

implemented and used for sometime.

System Modification

A computer-based information system is a piece of software. It can be modified. Modifications

will definitely cost time and money. But users expect modifications to be made as the name

‘software’ itself implies it is soft and hence changeable.

Further, information systems designed for use by organizations cannot be static. These systems are

intended for the management to effectively carry out their business. The environment in which a

business is conducted never remains static. New business opportunities arise, prices and taxes

change. New competitive organizations emerge. The organization grows and management policies

change.

Thus an information system which cannot be modified to fulfill the changing requirements of an

organization is bad. An information system should be designed for change. The strength of a good

computer-based information system is that it is amenable to change. A good information system

designer is one who can foresee what aspects of a system would change and would design the

system in a flexible way to easily accommodate changes.

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At the end of the information gathering phase, we have a reasonable idea about the data available

currently and the deficiencies of the current system. We also reach a consensus on requirements and

priorities among these requirements. Using these data, it is possible to define broad goals for the

project and detailed sub goals. It is necessary at this stage to quantify the goals and sub goals. Once

these goals are quantified, the next step is to find out whether these goals can be met, and if yes, how

they will be met and at what cost. Feasibility analysis is mainly concerned with these questions.

User consensus

Working of current system

User’s desired Deficiencies in current system

Requirements

Revisions based on feasibility

on

constraints on access

Proposed

Feasible

Goals with

alternatives Alternatives priorities

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Analyze

to find

Deficien

cies

Define &

Quantify

Goals

Find

broad

Alternativ

e

Solutions

Evaluate

Feasibility

Of

alternative

s



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“STEPS IN FEASIBILlTY ANALYSIS”

FEASIBILITY STUDY

If the feasibility study is to serve as a decision document, it must answer three key questions:

1. Is there a new and better way to do the job that will benefit the user?

2. What are the costs and savings of the alternatives?

3. What is recommended?

Th rather those that truly meet user expectations.e most successful system projects are not necessarily

biggest or most visible in a business but

Feasibility Considerations

Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis:

• Economic Feasibility : Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for

evaluating the effectiveness of a candidate system. More commonly known as Cost

Benefit Analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are

expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs.

• Technical Feasibility : Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system

(hardware, software, etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition.

• Behavioral Feasibility : People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have

been known to facilitate change. An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction

the user staff is likely to have toward the development of a computerized system. It is

common knowledge that computer installations have something to do with turnover,

transfers, retraining, and changes in employee job status. Therefore, it is understandable

that the introduction of a candidate system requires special effort to educate, sell, and

train the staff on new ways of conducting business.

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3.3 ANALYSIS

Analysis is the process of studying a problem to find the best solution to that problem

system analysis gives us the target for the design and the implementation. Analyses phaseis one of the very important phases of the system development life cycle. System analysesare a problem solving technique.There are many types of analyses in which the analysis phase can be divided into. Thesetypes are discussed as under:

1. Performance analyses:

Performance problems occur when business tasks are performed too slowly to achieve theobjectives. Performance opportunities occur when someone recognizes a way to speed up a business task that is otherwise achieving objectives. A performance directive may occur if management decides that all transaction is to be done online to the computer to improve the

performance. Performance is measured by throughput and response time. Throughput is theamount of work performed over some period of time. Response time is the average delay between a transaction and a response to that transaction. Although throughput and responsetime are taken separately they must also be considered together.

2. Information and data analysis:Information is a very crucial commodity for end users. The information system’s ability to produce useful information can be evaluated for problems and opportunity improvinginformation is not a matter of generating large volume of information. In fact informationoverload is a big problem for the businesses. But we need to see that we get the correct andaccurate information for the queries that are given to the system. We need to reduce dataredundancy and data inflexibility.

3. Economic analysis:

Economic is perhaps the most common motivation for the projects. Economic problemsand opportunities pertain to cost. Thus we must analyze to see that our projects are botheconomical and worthwhile. This will in turn increase the efficiency of the system.

4. Control and security analysis:

Controls are installed to improve the system performance, prevent or detect system abusesor crime and guarantee security of data information and the equipment. A system with toofew controls may result in discrepancies between information system and the businesssystem. On the other hand a system with too many controls and checks slows thethroughput of the system.

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5. Efficiency analysis:

Efficiency is concerned with hoe the resources are used with the minimum waste.Efficiency can be defined as output divided by the input. Therefore efficiency problemsand opportunity tend to increase the output and decrease the input or both.

6. Service analysis:Service improvement involves a diverse category. Projects triggered by serviceimprovement provide better service to the business. Improved services tend to increase thesatisfaction of the users.

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3.4 DESIGN

Software design sits at the technical kernel of software engineering and is applied

regardless of the software process model that is used. Beginning once software requirements have

been analyzed and specified, software design is the first of the three technical activities –Design,

Code generation and Test-that are required to build and verify the software. Each activity

transforms information in a manner that ultimately results in validated computer software.

The importance of software design can be stated with a

single word-quality. Design is the place where quality is fostered in software engineering. Design

provides us with representation of software that can be assessed for quality. Design is the only way

that we can accurately translate a customer’s requirements into a finished software product or

system. Software design serves as the foundation for all the software engineering and software

support steps that follow. Without design we risk building an unstable system-one that will fall

when small changes are made; one that may be difficult to test; one whose quality cannot be

assessed until late in the software process, when time is short and many dollars have already been

spent.

Design phase of software development deals with transforming the customer requirements as

described in the SRS document into a form implement able using a programming language.

However, we can broadly classify various design activities into two important parts:

.Preliminary (or high – level) design

.Detailed design

During high level design, different modules and the control relationships among them are

identified and interfaces among these modules are defined. The outcome of high level design is

called the “Program Structure” or “Software Architecture”. The structure chart is used to represent

the control hierarchy in a high level design.

During detailed design, the data structure and the algorithms used by different modules are

designed. The outcome of the detailed design is usually known as the “Module Specification”

document.

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A good design should capture all the functionalities of the system correctly. It should be easily

understandable, efficient and it should be easily amenable to change that is easily maintainable.

Understandability of a design is a major factor which is used to evaluate the goodness of a design,

since a design that is easily understandable is also easy to maintain and change.

In order to enhance the understandability of a design, it should have the following features:

• Use of consistent and meaningful names for various design components.

• Use of cleanly decomposed set of modules.

• Neat arrangement of modules in a hierarchy that is tree-like diagram.

Modular design is one of the fundamental principles of a good design. Decomposition of a

problem into modules facilitates taking advantage of the divide and conquers principle

If different modules are almost independent of each other then each module can be understood

separately, eventually reducing the complexity greatly.

Clean decomposition of a design problem into modules means that the modules in a software

design should display “High Cohesion and Low Coupling”.

The primary characteristics of clean decomposition are high cohesion and low coupling.

“Cohesion” is a measure of the functional strength of a module.

“Coupling” of a module with another module is a measure of the design of functional

independence or interaction between the two modules.

A module having high cohesion and low coupling is said to be “Functional Independent” of other

modules.

By the term functional independence we mean that a

Cohesive module performs a single task or function.

Functionally independent module has minimal interaction with other modules. Functionalindependence is a key to good design primarily due to the following reasons:

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• Functional independence reduces error propagation. An error existing in one module

does not directly affect other modules and also any error existing in other modules does

not directly this module.

• Reuse of a module is possible because each module performs some well-defined and

precise function and the interface of the module with other modules is simple and

minimal.

• Complexity of the design is reduced because different modules can be understood in

isolation as modules are more or less independent of each other.

DESIGN PRINCIPLES:

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies

Modularity

Abstraction

Problem Partitioning and Hierarchy

TOP-DOWM AND BOTTOM-UP STRATEGIES

A system consists of components, which have components of their own; indeed a system

is a hierarchy of components. The highest-level components correspond to the total system. To

design such hierarchies there are two possible approaches: top-down and bottom-up. The top-down

approach starts from the highest-level component of the hierarchy and proceeds through to lower

levels. By contrast, a bottom-up approach starts with the lowest-level component of the hierarchy

and proceeds through progressively higher levels to the top-level component. Top-down design

methods often result in some form of “ stepwise refinement.” Starting from an abstract design, in

each step the design is refined to a more concrete to a more concrete level, until we reach a level

where no more refinement is needed and the design can be implemented directly. Bottom-up

methods work with “layers of abstraction” Starting from the very bottom, operations that providea layer of abstraction are implemented. The operations of this layer are then used to implement

more powerful operations and a still higher layer of abstraction, until the stage is reached where

the operations supported by the layer are those desired by the system.

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MODULARITY

The real power of partitioning comes if a system is partitioned into modules so that the

modules are solvable and modifiable separately. It will be even better if the modules are also

separately compliable. A system is considered modular if it consists of discrete components so that

each component can be implemented separately, and a change to one component has minimal

impact on other components.

Modularity is a clearly a desirable property in a system. Modularity helps in system

debugging-isolating the system problem to a component is easier if the system is modular-in

system repair-changing a part of the system is easy as it affects few other parts-and in system

building-a modular system can be easily built by “putting its modules together”.

ABSTRACTION

Abstraction is a very powerful concept that is used in all engineering disciplines. It is a tool

that permits a designer to consider a component at an abstract level without worrying about the

details of the implementation of the component. Any component or system provides some services

to its environment. An abstraction of a component describes the external behavior of that

component without bothering with the internal details that produce the behavior. Presumably, the

abstract definition of a component is much simpler than the component itself.

There are two common abstraction mechanisms for software systems: Functional abstraction and

Data abstraction.

In functional abstraction, a module is specified by the function it performs. For example, a module

to compute the log of a value can be abstractly represented by the function log. Similarly, a module

to sort an input array can be represented by the specification of sorting. Functional abstraction is

the basis of partitioning in function- oriented approaches. That is, when the problem is being

partitioned, the overall transformation function for the system is partitioned into smaller functions

that comprise the system function. The decomposition of this is terms of functional modules.

The second unit for abstraction is data abstraction. Data abstraction forms the basis for object-

oriented design. In using this abstraction, a system is viewed as a set of objects providing some

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2. An arrow identifies data flow- data in motion. It is a pipeline through which information

flows.

3. A circle or a “bubble” (some people use an oval bubble) represents a process that

transforms incoming data flows(s) into outgoing data flow(s).

]

4. An open rectangle is a data store-data at rest, or a temporary repository of data .

Meaning Comments

= Source or destination May be one customer or a number of

Transaction customer with (orders)

= Data flow May be physically contained in a

Purchase order, invoice, phone call,

Letter, etc.

= Process that transforms May be a clerk computing discounts or a

Data flow cataloged procedure or a combination

of manual and electronic activities

= Data store Can be a card file, a filing cabinet, a

Data base on disk, etc.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS – BASIC SYMBOLS

BOOK INFORMATION FILE

ORDERS CREDIT CHECK CUSTOMER INFORMATION FILE INVOICE

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GENERAL MODEL OF PUBLISHER’S PRESENT ORDERING SYSTEM

DFD describes what data flow (logical) rather than how they are processed, so it does not

depend on hardware, software, data structure, or file organization. The key question that

we are trying to answer is: what major transformations must occur for input to be correctly

transformed into output.

CONSTRUCTING DFD

Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFDs:

1. Processes should be named and numbered for easy reference. Each name should

be representative of the process.

2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally

flow from the source (upper left corner) to the destination (lower right corner),

although they may flow back to a source. One way to indicate this is to draw a long

flow line back to the source. An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a

destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD, it is marked with a short

diagonal in the lower right corner

3. When a process is exploded into lower-level details, they are numbered.

4. The names of data sources and destinations are written in capital letters. Process

and data flows names have the first letter of each word capitalized.

HOW DETAILED SHOULD A DFD BE?

The DFD is designed to aid communication. If it contains dozens of processes and data stores it

gets too unwieldy. The rule thumb is to explode the DFD to a functional level, so that the next

sublevel does not exceed 10 processes. Beyond that, it is best to take each function separately and

expand it show the explosion of the single process. If a user wants to know what happens within a

given process, then the detailed explosion of that process may be shown.

A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data elements that flow in and out.

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A leveled set has a starting DFD, which is a very abstract representation of the system, identifying

the major inputs and outputs and the major processes in the system. Then each process is refined

and a DFD is drawn for the process. In other words, a bubble DFD is expanded into a DFD during

refinement. For the hierarchy to be consistent, it is important that the net inputs and outputs of the

DFD for a process are the same as the inputs and outputs of the process are the same as the inputs

and the outputs of the process in the higher level DFD. This refinement stops if each bubble can be

easily identified or understood. It should be pointed out that during refinement, though the net

input and output are preserved, a refinement of the data might also occur. That is , a unit of data

may be broken into its components for processing when the detailed DFD for a process is being

drawn .So , as the process are decomposed, data decomposition also occurs.

The DFD methodology is quite effective, especially when the required designs is unclear the

analyst need a notational language for communication. The DFD is easy to understand for

communication. The DFD is easy to understand after a brief orientation.

The main problem however is the large number of iterations that often are required to arrive at the

most accurate and complete solution.

Flow chart is a graphic picture of the logical steps and sequence involved in procedure or a

program.

Normally an algorithm is first represented in the form of flowchart and the flowchart is then

expressed in some programming language to prepare a computer program. The main advantage of

this two step approach in program writing is that while drawing a flowchart one is not concerned

with the details of the elements of programming language. Hence, he can fully concentrate on the

logic of procedure. Moreover, since the flowchart shows the flow of operations in pictorial form,

any error in the logic of the procedure can be detected more easily than in the case of a program. .

Once flowchart is ready, the programmer can forget bout the logic and can concentrate only on

coding the operation in each box of the flowchart in terms of the statements of the programming

language .This will normally ensure an error-free program.

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FLOWCHART SYMBOLS

Flow chart uses boxes of different shapes to denote different types of instructions. The

communication of program logic through flowcharts is made easier through the use of symbols

that have standardized meanings. For example, a diamond always means a decision. Only a few

symbols are needed to indicate the necessary options in a flowchart. These symbols have been

standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The functions of these symbols

are.

TERMINAL INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESSING

FLOW LINES DECISION

CONNECTORS

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Various Flowchart symbols.

Terminal: The terminal symbol as the name implies, is used to indicate the beginning (START),

ending (STOP), and pauses (HALT) in the program logic flow. It is the first symbol and the last

symbol in the program logic. In addition, if the program logic calls for a pause in the program, that

also is indicated with a terminal symbol. A pause is normally used in the program logic under

some error conditions or if forms had to be changed in the computer’s line printer during the

processing of that program.

Input/Output: The input/output symbol is used to denote any function of an input/output device in

the program. If there is a program instruction to input data from a disk, tape, card reader, terminal,

or any other type of input device, that step will be indicated in the flowchart with an input/output

symbol. Similarly, all output instructions, whether it is the output on a printer, magnetic tape,

magnetic disk, terminal screen, or any out output device, are indicated in the flowchart with an

input/output symbol.

Processing: A processing symbol is used in a flowchart to represent arithmetic and data movement

instructions. Thus all arithmetic process of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing are shown

by a processing symbol. The logical process of moving data from one location of the main memory

to another is Laos denoted by this symbol. When more than one arithmetic and data movement

instructions are to be executed consecutively, they6 are normally placed in the same processing

box and they are assumed to be executed in the order of their appearance.

Flow lines: Flow lines with arrowheads are used to indicate the flow of operation, that is, the exact

sequence in which the instructions are to be executed. The normal flow of flow chart is from top to

bottom and left to right. Arrowheads are required only when the normal top to bottom flow is not

to be followed. However, as a good practice and in order to avoid ambiguity, flow lines are usually

drawn with an arrowhead at the point of entry to a symbol. Good practice also dictates that flow

lines should not cross each other and that such intersections should be avoided whenever possible.

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Decision: The decision symbol is used in a flowchart to indicate a point at which a decision has to

be made and a branch of two or more alternative is possible. Below figure shows three different

ways in which a decision symbol can be used. During execution, the appropriate path is followed

depending upon the result of the decision.

NO

YES

(a) Two-way branch

0 1 2 3 4 5 OTHER

Connector: Whenever a flowchart becomes complex enough that the number and directions of

flow lines is confusing or it spreads over more than one page, it is useful to utilize the connector

symbol as a substitute for flow lines. This symbol represents an entry from, or an exit to another

part of the flowchart. A connector symbol is represented by a circle and a letter or digit is placed

within a circle to indicate the link. A pair of identically labeled connector symbols is commonly

used to indicate a continued flow when the use of a line is confusing. So two connectors with

identical labels serve the same function as long as flow line. That is, they show an exit to show an

some other chart section, or they indicate an entry from another part of the chart.

LEVELS OF FLOWCHARTS

There are no set standards on the amount of detail that should be provided in a flowchart. A

flowchart that outlines the main segments of a program or that shows less detail is a macro

flowchart . On the other hand, a flowchart with more details is a micro flowchart , or detailed

flowchart.

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FLOWCHARTING RULES

While programmers have a good deal of freedom in creating flowcharts, there are a number of

general rules and guidelines recommended by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to

help standardize the flowcharting process. Various computer manufacturers and data processing

departments usually have similar flowcharting standards. Some of these rules and guidelines are as

follows:

1. First chart the main line of logic, and then incorporate detail.

2. Maintain a consistent level of detail.

3. Do not chart every detail or the flowchart will only be a graphic representation, step by

step, of the program.

4. Words in the flowchart symbols should be common statements and easy to understand. It is

recommended to use descriptive titles written in designer’s own language rather in machine

oriented language.

5. Be consistent in using names and variables in the flowchart.

6. Go from left to right and top to bottom in constructing flowcharts.

7. Keep the flowchart as simple as possible. The crossing of flow lines should be avoided as

far as practicable.

8. If a new flowcharting page is needed, it is recommended that the flowchart be broken at an

input or output point. Moreover properly labeled connectors should be used to link the

portions of the flowchart on different pages.

ADVANTAGES OF FLOWCHARTS

The following benefits may be obtained when flowcharts are used for the purpose of program

planning.

1. Better Communications: since the flowchart is a pictorial representation of a program,

it is easier for a programmer to explain the logic of a program to some other

programmer or to his boss through a flowchart than a programmer itself.

2. Effective Analysis: A macro flowchart that charts the main line of logic of a

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3. software system becomes a system model that can be broken down into detailed parts

for study and further analysis of the system.

4. Effective Synthesis: A group of programmers are normally associated with the design

of big software systems. Each programmer is responsible for designing only a part of

the entire system. So initially, if each programmer draws a flowchart for his part of

design, the flowcharts of all the programmers can be placed together is visualize the

overall system design. Any problem in linking the various parts of the system can be

easily detected at this stage and the design can be accordingly modified. Flowcharts are

thus used as working models in the design of a new programs and software systems.

5. Proper Program Documentation: Program documentation involves collecting,

organizing, storing, and otherwise maintaining a complete historical record of programs

and the other documents associated with a system.

6. Efficient Coding: Once a flowchart is ready, programmers find it very easy to write the

concerned program because the flowchart acts as a roadmap for them. It guides them to

go from the starting point of the program to the final point of the program to the final

point ensuring that no steps are omitted. The ultimate result is an error free program

developed at a faster rate.

7. Systematic Debugging: Even after taking full care in program design, some errors may

remain in the program because the designer might have never thought about a particular

case. These errors are detected only when we start executing the program on a compute.

Such type of program errors are called bugs and the process of removing these errors is

known as debugging.

8. Systematic Testing: Testing is the process of confirming whether a program will

successfully do all the jobs for which it has been designed under the specified

constraints. For testing a program, a different set of data is fed as input to that program

to test the different paths in the program logic. For example, to test the complete logic

of the program for example below, the following set of data is necessary:

(a) Data for a male candidate.

(b) Data for a female candidate who has scored less then 45%.

(c) Data for a female candidate who has exactly scored 45%.

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(d) Data for a female candidate who has scored more than 45% but less than 60%.

(e) Data for a female candidate who has exactly scored 60%.

(f) Data for a female candidate who has scored more than 60%.

(g) And obviously in the end the trailer data having sentinel value.

A flow chart proves to be very helpful in designing the test data for systematic testing of programs.

LIMITATIONS OF FLOWCHARTS

Despite of their many obvious advantages, flowcharts have several limitations which are as

follows:

1. Flowcharts are very time consuming and laborious to draw with paper symbols and

spacing, especially for large complex programs.

2. Owing to the symbol-string nature of flowcharting, any changes or modifications in the

program logic will usually require a completely new flowchart. Redrawing a flowchart is

again so tedious that many companies either do not redo them or produce the flowchart by

using a computer program to draw it. There are several computer programs available that

will read the program’s instructions and draw a flowchart of its logic, but these programs

are fairly expensive to acquire and use a lot of computer time.

3. There are no standards determining the amount of details that should be included in a

flowchart.

Because of such limitations, many organizations are now reducing the amount of

flowcharting used. In its place they are using alternative tools for program analysis like

decision tables, pseudocode.

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3.6 IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING :

The implementation phase of software development is concerned with translating designspecification into source code . the preliminary goal of implementation is to write source code andinternal documentation so that conformance of the code to its specifications can be easilyverified, and so that debugging, testing, and modifications are eased. This goal can be achieved bymaking the source code as clear and straightforward as possible. Simplicity, clarity, and eleganceare the hallmarks of good programs; obscurity, cleverness, and complexity are indications of inadequate design and misdirected thinking.Source code clarity is enhanced by structured coding techniques, by good coding style, byappropriate supporting documents, by good internal; comments, and by feature provided in modern programming languages.

The implementation team should be provided with a well defined set of software requirements, anarchitectural design specification, and a detailed design description. Each team member mustunderstand the objectives of implementation.Unit testing comprises the set of tests performed by an individual programmer prior to integrationof the unit into larger system. The situation is illustrated as follows :Coding & debugging unit testing Integration testingA program unit is usually small enough that the programmer who develop it vcan test it in greatdetail, and certainly in greater detail than will be possible when the unit is integrated into anevolving software product.There are four categories of tests that a programmer will typically perform on a program unit :

1. Functional test.

2. Performance test.3. Stress test.4. Structure test.

1. Functional Test :

Functional test cases involve exercising the code with nomial input values for which expectedresult are known, as wellas boundary values (minimum values, maximum values, & valuesown and just outside the functional boundaries) and special values.

2. Performance Test

Performance testing determines the amount of execution time spent in various parts of the unit, program throughput, response time, and device utilization by the programe unit.A certain amount of performance tunning may be done during testing; however, caution must beexercised to avoid expending too much effort on fine tuning of a program unit that contributeslittle to the over all performance of the entire system. Performance testing is most productive at thesub system and system levels.

3. Stress Test :

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Stress test are those test design to internationally break the unit. A great deal can be learned aboutthe strengths and limitations of a program by examine the manner in which a program unit breaks.

4. Structure test :

Structure tests are concerned with exercising the internal logic of a program and traversing particular execution paths. Some authors refer collectively to functional performance and stresstesting as “Black Box” testing, while structure testing is refer to as “White Box”, or “Glass Box”testing. The major activities in structural testing are deciding which part to exercise, deriving andtest data to exercise those parts determining the test coverage criteriation to be used, executing thetest cases, and majoring the test coverage achieved when the test cases are exercised.

SYSTEM TESTING

System testing involves two types of activities :1. Integration testing2. Acceptance testing

Strategies for integrating software components into a functioning product include the bottom upstrategy, the top down strategy, and the sandwich strategy. Careful planning and scheduling arerequired to ensure that modules will be available for integration into the involving software products when needed. The integration strategy detects the order in which modules must beavailable, and thus exerts a strong influence on the order in which modules are written, debug, andunit tested.Acceptance testing involves planning and execution of functional test, performance test, stress testto verify that the implemented system satisfy its requirement. Acceptance test are typically perform by the quality assurance and/or customer organizations.

Integration testing

Bottom up integration is the traditional strategy used to integrate the components of a softwaresystem into a functioning whole. bottom up integration consists of unit testing, followed bysubsystem testing and followed by testing of the entire system.Unit testing has the goal of discovery errors in the individual modules of the system.A sub system consist of several modules that communicate with each other through well defineinterfaces. Normally a subsystem implement a major segments of the total system. The primary purpose of sub system testing is to verify operation of the interfaces between module of thesystem. Large software system may require several levels subsystem lower level subsystem aresuccively combined to form higher level subsystem.System testing is concerned subtleties in the interfaces, decion logic, control flow, recovery procedures, thgoughput, capacity, timing characteristics of the entire system.Carefull test planning is require to determine the extend and nature of system testing to be performand to establish criteria by which the result will be evaluated.

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Disadvantages of bottom up testing include the necessity to write and debug test are necessary for the module and subsystem and level of complexity that result form combining modules andsubsystem into large and larger units.Top down integration starts with the main routine and one or two immediately subordinatesroutine in the structure. After this top level “Skeleton” has been thoroughly tested, it becomes the

test hardness for its immediately sub ordinates routines. Top down integration requires the use of program stubs to simulate the effort of lower level routines that are called by those being tested.

System integration offers advantages :

1. system integration is distribude throughout the implementation phase. Modules areintegrated as they are developed .

2. Top- level interfaces are tested first and most often .3. The top –level routine provide a natural test harness for lower-level routines.4. errors are localized to the the new modules and interfaces that are being added.

Sandwich integration is predominately top-down, bottom-up techniques are used on some modulesand subsystems . this mix alleviates many of the problems encountered in pure top down testingand retains the advantages of top-down integration at the subsystem and system level.

Automated tools used in integration testing include module drivers , test data generators ,environment simulator , and a library management facility to allow easy configuration andreconfiguration of system elements . automated module drivers permit specification of test cases(both input and expected results ) in a descriptive language . the driver tools then calls the routineusing specified test cases , compares actual results with the expected results , and reportsdiscrepancies.

Some modules drivers also provides program stubs for top down testing . test cases are written for the stub , and when the stub invoked by the routine being tested , the drivers examines the input parameters to the stub and returns the corresponding output to the routine .

Test data generators are of two verities : those that generate files of random data valuesaccordingly to some predefined format , and those that generate test data for particular execution paths. In the latter category , symbolic executors such as ATTEST can sometimes be used to drivea set of test data that will force program execution to follow a particular control paths .

Environment simulators are sometimes used during integration and acceptance testing to simulatethe operating environment in which the software will function . simulators are used in situation inwhich operation of the actual environment is impractical . examples of simulators arePRIME(GAL75) for emulating machines that do not exists , and the Saturn Flight programsimulator for simulating live flight tests .

An automated development library consists of a data base that contains all project documentation ,source code , object code , test cases error reports , etc,in machine readable form . utility programssuch as text editors , compilers report formats , and management information tools allow to andmanipulation of materials.

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2. ACCEPTANCE TESTING :

Acceptance testing involves planning and execution of test , performance test, and stress test inorder to demonstrate that the implemented system satisfies its requirements . it is not unusual for two sets of acceptance test to be run : those developed by the customer .In addition to functional and performance tests , stress test are performed to determined thelimitations of the system . for example a compiler might be tested to determine the effort of symbole table over flow , or a real time system might be tested to determine the effect of simultaneous arrival of numerous high priority interrupts .Typically , acceptance tests will incorporate test cases are developed during unit testing andintegration testing . additional test cases are added to achieve the desired level of functional ,

performance , and stress testing of the entire system . tools of special importance duringacceptance testing include a test coverage analyzer , a timing analyzer , and a coding standardchecker.

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FORM/SCREEN DESIGN

Input & Output design & the Basics of forms design:

INTRODUCTION

Systems design is the process of developing specifications for a candidate system that meet the

criteria established in systems design. A major step in design is the preparation of input and the

design of output reports in a form acceptable to the user.

INPUT DESIGN

Inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data processing. Errors entered by

data entry operators can be controlled by input design. Input design is the process of converting

user-originated inputs to a computer-based format. In the system design phase , the expanded data

flow diagram identifies logical data flows, data stores, sources, and destinations. A systems

flowchart specifies master files (data base), transaction files, and computer programs. Input data

are collected and organized into groups of similar data. Once identified, appropriate input media

are selected for processing.

Input Data:

The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical, and free from errors as

possible. In entering data, operators need to know the following:

1. The allocated space for each field.

2. Field sequence, which must match that in the source document.

3. The format in which data fields are entered; for example, filling out the date field is

required through the edited format mm/dd/yy.

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When we approach input data design, we design the source documents that capture the data and

then select the media used to enter them into the computer.

Source documents:

Source data are captured initially on original paper or a source document. For example, a check

written against an account is a source document. When it reaches the bank, it is encoded with

special magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) so that a reader that is part of the information

system of the bank can process it. Therefore, source documents initiate a processing cycle as soon

as they are entered into the system.

Control documents may be entered into the system from punch cards, from diskettes, or even

directly through the keyboard.

Input Media and Devices:

Source data are input into the system in a variety of ways. The following media and devices are

suitable for operation:

1. Punch cards are either 80 or 96 columns wide. Operators use a keypunch to copy data from

source documents onto the cards. This means that the source document and card design

must be considered simultaneously.

2. Key-to-diskette is modeled after the keypunch process. Like cards, data on diskettes are

stored in sequence and in batches.

3. MICR translates the special fonts printed in magnetic ink on check into direct computer

input.

4. Mark-sensing readers automatically convert pencil marks in predetermined locations on a

card to punched holes on the same card.

5. Optical character recognition (OCR) readers are similar to MICR readers, except that they

recognize pencil, ink, or characters by their configuration (shape) rather than their magnetic

pattern.

6. Optical bar code readers detect combination of marks that represent data.

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7. Cathode-ray tube (CRT) screens are used for online data entry. CRT screens display 20, 40,

or 80 characters simultaneously on a television-like screen. They show as many as 24 lines

of data.

OUTPUT DESIGN

Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the user. A major form

of output is a hard copy from the printer. The output devices to consider depend on factors such as

compatibility of the device with the system, response time requirements, expected print quality,

and number of copies needed. The following media devices are available for providing computer-

based output:

1. MICR readers.

2. Line, matrix, and daisy wheel printers.

3. Computer output microfilm (COM)

4. CRT screen display.

5. Graph plotters.

6. Audio response.

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FORMS DESIGN

Data provide the basis for information systems. Without data there is no system, but data must be

provided in the right form for input and the information produced must be in a format acceptable to

the user. In either case, it is still data-the basic element of a printed form

What is a form?

The data the forms carry come from people and the informational output of the system goes to

people. People read from forms, and spend billions of hours handling forms and filing forms. So,

the form is a tool with a message; it is the physical carrier of data-of information. It also can

constitute authority for action. For example, a purchase order says BUY, a customer’s order says

SHIP, and a paycheck says PAY TO THE ORDER OF. Each form is a request for action. It

provides information for making decisions and improving operations.

Forms are the vehicles for most communications and the blue print for many activities. When a

form is poorly designed, it is a poor (and costly) administrative tool.

Classification of Forms:

A printed form is generally classified by what it does in the system. There are three primary

classifications: action, memory, and report forms.

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THREE CLASSES OF FORMS

CLASS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES

Action 1.Orders, instructs, authorities Application form

2. Achieves results Purchase order

3. Goes from one place (person) to other Sales slip

Shop order

Time card

Memory1. Represents historical data Bond register

2. Data generally used for registration Inventory record

3. Stationary and remains at one place, Journal sheet

Usually in a file Purchase record

4. Serves as control on certain details Stock ledger

Report1. Summary picture of a project Balance sheet

2. Provides information about job or details Operating statement

That needs attention Profit & loss statement

3. Used by a manager with authority Sales analysis

Effect change Trial balance

4. Used as a basis for decision making

Requirements of Forms Design

Form design follows analyzing forms, evaluating present documents, and creating new or

improved forms. Since the purpose of a form is to communicate effectively through forms design,

there are several major requirements:

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1. Identification and wording: The form title must clearly identify its purpose and should also be

identified by firm name or code number to make it easy to

Reorder.

2. Maximum readability and use: The form should be easy to use and fill out. It should be legible,

intelligible, and uncomplicated.

3. Physical factors: The form’s composition, color, layout (margins, space, etc.), and paper stock

should lend themselves to easy reading.

4. Order of data items: The data requested should reflect a logical sequence. Related data should

be in adjacent positions.

5. Ease of data entry: If used for data entry, the form should have field positions indicated under

each column of data.

6. Size and arrangement: The form must be easily stored and filed. It should provide for

signatures. Important items must be in a prominent location on the form.

7. Use of instructions: The instructions that accompany a form should clearly

show how it is used and handled.

8. Efficiency considerations: The form must be cost effective. This means eliminating unnecessary

data and facilitating reading lines across the form.

9. Type of report: Forms design should also consider whether the content is executive summary,

intermediate managerial information, or supporting-data. The user requirements for each type often

determine the final form design.

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Types of Forms

Forms are classified into several categories:

Flat Forms:

A flat form is single-copy form prepared manually or by a machine and printed on any grade of

paper. For additional copies of the original, carbon paper is inserted between copies.

Unit-set/Snap out Forms:

These forms have an original copy and several copies with one-time carbon paper interleaved

between them. The set is glued into a unit (thus, unit set ) for easy handling.

Continuous Strip/Fanfold Forms:

These are multiple-unit forms joined together in a continuous strip with perforations between each

pair of forms.

NCR (no carbon required) Paper:

Several copies can be made by pressing a chemical undercoating on the top sheet into a claylike

coating on the top of the second sheet. The writing (or printing) pressure forms an image by the

coating material. The same process applies to the back of the second sheet for producing a carboncopy on the face of the succeeding sheet, and so on.

NCR paper has many applications in sales books, checkbooks, inventory tickets, and deposit slips.

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User

Online bankingList of accounts

Individualaccount

Dailytransactions

Monthlytransactions

Modify a/c Close a/c

Edit account

Add a new account

DFD FOR ONLINE BANKING



ONLINE BANKING _______________________________________________________________________________

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START

MAIN MENU

NEW A/CLIST OF A/CINDIVIUAL A/CDAILY TRANSACTIONMONTHLY REPORTEDIT A/CEXIT

Switch

(Choice)

Menu open a new account

Mneu displays list of all account

Menu displays an individual account

Menu opens to a daily transaction

Menu opens to check monthly report

Menu opens to edit account

Exit from the execution

STOP

CASE 1

CASE 2

CASE 3

CASE 4

CASE 5

CASE 6

CASE 7



ONLINE BANKING _______________________________________________________________________________

5. CODING

Dim cn As New ADODB.ConnectionDim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.Recordset

Dim rs2 As New ADODB.Recordset

Private Sub Command1_Click()With rsS = 1.AddNew!ACC_NO = Text1.Text!Name = Text2.Text!ADDRESS = Text3.Text!PHONE = Val(Text4.Text)!AGE = Val(Text5.Text)

!REF_NAME = Text6.Text!REF_ADD = Text7.Text!REF_AC_NO = Text8.Text!TYPE_OF_ACC = Combo1.Text!OPEN_BAL = Val(Text9.Text)!PRE_BAL = Val(Text10.Text)!OPEN_DATE = CDate(Text11.Text)!CHQ_BOOK_OF = Val(Text12.Text).UpdateS = 0End With

With rs2.OpenS = 1.AddNew!ACC_NO = Text1.Text!Name = Text2.Text!TYPE_OF_ACC = Combo1.Text!TRANS_BY = "Cash"!TRANS_DATE = CDate(Text11.Text)!CREDIT = Val(Text10.Text)!PRE_BAL = Val(Text10.Text)

.UpdateS = 0End WithEnd Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()Bank_acc.HideBank_dep.Show

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Bank_dep.Height = 3285Bank_dep.Left = 0Bank_dep.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()Bank_acc.HideSearch_load.ShowSearch_load.Left = 0Search_load.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub Command4_Click()cn.CloseUnload Bank_accEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=vb6"cn.OpenWith rsSet .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.Open

With rs1Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End With With rs1rs1.Source = "SELECT MAX(ACC_NO)+1 FROM MAST_ACC"rs1.Opena = rs1.Fields(0)Text1.Text = aEnd With

With rs2Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic

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.Source = "SELECT * FROM trans_acc"End WithEnd Sub

Private Sub Text10_GotFocus()

Text10.Text = Text9.TextEnd Sub

Private Sub Text11_GotFocus()Text11.Text = DateEnd Sub

Private Sub Text12_LostFocus()If Text1.Text <> " " And Text2.Text <> " " And Text3.Text <> " " And Text4 <> " " AndText5.Text <> " " And Text6.Text <> " " And Text9.Text <> " " And Text10.Text <> " " AndText11.Text <> " " And Text12.Text <> " " Then

Command1.Enabled = TrueEnd If End Sub

Dim cn As New ADODB.ConnectionDim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim a As Integer Dim b As Integer

Private Sub Command1_Click()On Error GoTo err rs.Closers.Source = "select * from mast_acc where acc_no=" & Text1.Textrs.OpenLabel3.Caption = rs.Fields("Name")a = rs.Fields("CHQ_BOOK_OF")Bank_chqup.Height = 3765Bank_chqup.Width = 5745Exit Suberr:MsgBox "Error occured!Wrong A/C No.", vbInformation, "Error"EndEnd Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()With rs1 b = 1.Close

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.Source = "SELECT CHQ_BOOK_OF FROM MAST_ACC WHERE ACC_NO=" & Text1.Text

.Open!CHQ_BOOK_OF = !CHQ_BOOK_OF + Val(Text2.Text).Update b = 0

End WithEnd Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()cn.CloseUnload Bank_chqupEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=VB6"cn.Open

With rsSet .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.OpenWith rs1Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs1.OpenBank_chqup.Height = 1650Bank_chqup.Width = 5745End Sub

Private Sub Text1_Change()

End Sub

Dim cn As New ADODB.ConnectionDim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim c As Integer

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Private Sub Combo1_Click()If Combo1.ListIndex = 0 ThenBank_dep.Height = 3900Text3.Text = Datec = 0

Command1.Top = 2880Command1.Left = 5520Command2.Top = 2880Command2.Left = 7200Command1.TabIndex = 4Command2.TabIndex = 5ElseIf Combo1.ListIndex = 1 ThenBank_dep.Height = 5910Text3.Text = Datec = 10Command1.Top = 4920

Command1.Left = 5400Command2.Top = 4920Command2.Left = 7080Command1.TabIndex = 7Command2.TabIndex = 8End If End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()With rs1a = 1.AddNew!ACC_NO = Val(Text1.Text)!Name = Label3.Caption!TYPE_OF_ACC = Label5.Caption!TRANS_BY = Combo1.Text!TRANS_DATE = CDate(Text3.Text)!CHEQUE_NO = Val(Text4.Text)!Bank = Text5.Text!BRANCH = Text6.Text!CREDIT = Val(Text2.Text)!DEBIT = c!PRE_BAL = Val(Text2.Text) + b - c.Updatea = 0With rsa = 1.Close.Source = "SELECT PRE_BAL FROM MAST_ACC WHERE ACC_NO=" & Text1.Text.Open

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!PRE_BAL = !PRE_BAL + Val(Text2.Text) - c.Updatea = 0End WithEnd With

End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()cn.CloseUnload Bank_depEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=VB6"cn.OpenWith rs

Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.OpenWith rs1Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM trans_acc"End Withrs1.OpenBank_dep.Height = 3285Bank_dep.Width = 8550End Sub

Private Sub Text1_LostFocus()On Error GoTo err rs.Closers.Source = "select * from mast_acc where acc_no=" & Text1.Textrs.OpenLabel3.Caption = rs.Fields("Name")Label5.Caption = rs.Fields("Type_of_Acc") b = rs.Fields("PRE_BAL")Exit Suberr:MsgBox "Error occured!Wrong A/C No.", vbInformation, "Error"EndEnd Sub

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Private Sub Deposit_Click()Bank_dep.ShowBank_dep.Height = 3285

Bank_dep.Left = 0Bank_dep.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub Exit_Click()EndEnd Sub

Private Sub IssueChq_Click()Bank_chqup.ShowBank_chqup.Height = 1650

Bank_chqup.Left = 0Bank_chqup.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub MDIForm_Load()

End Sub

Private Sub NewAcc_Click()Bank_acc.ShowBank_acc.Height = 6045Bank_acc.Left = 0Bank_acc.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub Searchbyac_Click()Search_load.ShowSearch_load.Left = 0Search_load.Top = 0End Sub

Private Sub Top10Depositors_Click()Bank_TopSearch.Left = 0Bank_TopSearch.Top = 0Bank_TopSearch.Height = 3690Bank_TopSearch.Width = 5880Bank_TopSearch.Caption = "Top 10 A/C Holders List"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RecordSource = "SELECT ROWNUM ASRANK,ACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM (SELECT

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ACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM MAST_acc ORDER BY PRE_BAL DESC)WHERE ROWNUM<=10"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RefreshSet Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.DataSource = Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.Refresh

End Sub

Private Sub Top20Depositors_Click()Bank_TopSearch.Left = 0Bank_TopSearch.Top = 0Bank_TopSearch.Height = 3690Bank_TopSearch.Width = 5880Bank_TopSearch.Caption = "Top 20 A/C Holders List"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RecordSource = "SELECT ROWNUM ASRANK,ACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM (SELECTACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM MAST_acc ORDER BY PRE_BAL DESC)

WHERE ROWNUM<=20"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RefreshSet Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.DataSource = Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.RefreshEnd Sub

Private Sub Top5Depositors_Click()Bank_TopSearch.Left = 0Bank_TopSearch.Top = 0Bank_TopSearch.Height = 3690Bank_TopSearch.Width = 5880Bank_TopSearch.Caption = "Top 5 A/C Holders List"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RecordSource = "SELECT ROWNUM ASRANK,ACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM (SELECTACC_NO,TYPE_OF_ACC,PRE_BAL FROM MAST_acc ORDER BY PRE_BAL DESC)WHERE ROWNUM<=5"Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1.RefreshSet Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.DataSource = Bank_TopSearch.Adodc1Bank_TopSearch.DataGrid1.RefreshEnd Sub

Private Sub withdrawl_Click()Bank_withdrawl.ShowBank_withdrawl.Height = 2625Bank_withdrawl.Width = 8490Bank_withdrawl.Left = 0Bank_withdrawl.Top = 0End Sub

Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection

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Dim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim a As Integer

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Bank_search.Height = 4950End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()Bank_search.Height = 6825Adodc1.RecordSource = "SELECT * FROM Trans_acc WHERE acc_no= " & Text1.TextAdodc1.RefreshSet DataGrid1.DataSource = Adodc1DataGrid1.RefreshEnd Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()cn.CloseUnload Search_loadUnload Bank_searchEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=VB6"cn.OpenWith rsSet .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.OpenWith rs1Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End WithBank_search.Height = 1560End Sub

Private Sub Text1_LostFocus()On Error GoTo err rs.Closers.Source = "select * from mast_acc where acc_no=" & Text1.Textrs.Open

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Label3.Caption = rs.Fields("Name")Label5.Caption = rs.Fields("Address")Label7.Caption = rs.Fields("Type_of_acc")Label9.Caption = rs.Fields("Pre_bal")Exit Sub

err:MsgBox "Error occured!Wrong A/C No.", vbInformation, "Error"EndEnd SubPrivate Sub Command1_Click()Unload Bank_TopSearchEnd Sub

Private Sub DataGrid1_Click()

End Sub

Dim cn As New ADODB.ConnectionDim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim d As Integer

Private Sub Combo1_Click()If Combo1.ListIndex = 0 ThenBank_withdrawl.Height = 3375Text3.Text = DateCommand1.Top = 2400Command1.Left = 5760Command2.Left = 7440Command2.Top = 2400Command1.TabIndex = 4Command2.TabIndex = 5ElseIf Combo1.ListIndex = 1 ThenBank_withdrawl.Height = 4095If d <= 1 ThenMsgBox ("PLEASE ISSUE A CHECKBOOK")EndElseText3.Text = DateCommand1.Top = 3120Command2.Top = 3120Command1.TabIndex = 5Command2.TabIndex = 6End If End If

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End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()With rs1a = 1

.AddNew!ACC_NO = Val(Text1.Text)!Name = Label3.Caption!TYPE_OF_ACC = Label5.Caption!TRANS_BY = Combo1.Text!TRANS_DATE = CDate(Text3.Text)!CHEQUE_NO = Val(Text4.Text)!DEBIT = Val(Text2.Text)!PRE_BAL = b - Val(Text2.Text).Updatea = 0

With rsa = 1.Close.Source = "SELECT PRE_BAL,CHQ_BOOK_OF FROM MAST_ACC WHERE ACC_NO=" &Text1.Text.Open!PRE_BAL = !PRE_BAL - Val(Text2.Text)!CHQ_BOOK_OF = !CHQ_BOOK_OF - 1.Updatea = 0End WithEnd WithEnd Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()cn.CloseUnload Bank_withdrawlEnd Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=VB6"cn.OpenWith rsSet .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.OpenWith rs1

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Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM trans_acc"End With

rs1.OpenBank_withdrawl.Height = 2625Bank_withdrawl.Width = 8490End Sub

Private Sub Label4_Click()

End Sub

Private Sub Text1_LostFocus()On Error GoTo err

rs.Closers.Source = "select * from mast_acc where acc_no=" & Text1.Textrs.OpenLabel3.Caption = rs.Fields("Name")Label5.Caption = rs.Fields("Type_of_Acc")Label7.Caption = rs.Fields("pre_bal") b = rs.Fields("PRE_BAL")d = rs.Fields("CHQ_BOOK_OF")Exit Suberr:MsgBox "Error occured!Wrong A/C No.", vbInformation, "Error"En Dim cn As New ADODB.ConnectionDim rs As New ADODB.RecordsetDim rs1 As New ADODB.RecordsetDim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim d As Integer

Private Sub Combo1_Click()If Combo1.ListIndex = 0 ThenBank_withdrawl.Height = 3375Text3.Text = DateCommand1.Top = 2400Command1.Left = 5760Command2.Left = 7440Command2.Top = 2400Command1.TabIndex = 4Command2.TabIndex = 5ElseIf Combo1.ListIndex = 1 ThenBank_withdrawl.Height = 4095

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If d <= 1 ThenMsgBox ("PLEASE ISSUE A CHECKBOOK")EndElseText3.Text = Date

Command1.Top = 3120Command2.Top = 3120Command1.TabIndex = 5Command2.TabIndex = 6End If End If End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()With rs1a = 1

.AddNew!ACC_NO = Val(Text1.Text)!Name = Label3.Caption!TYPE_OF_ACC = Label5.Caption!TRANS_BY = Combo1.Text!TRANS_DATE = CDate(Text3.Text)!CHEQUE_NO = Val(Text4.Text)!DEBIT = Val(Text2.Text)!PRE_BAL = b - Val(Text2.Text).Updatea = 0With rsa = 1.Close.Source = "SELECT PRE_BAL,CHQ_BOOK_OF FROM MAST_ACC WHERE ACC_NO=" &Text1.Text.Open!PRE_BAL = !PRE_BAL - Val(Text2.Text)!CHQ_BOOK_OF = !CHQ_BOOK_OF - 1.Updatea = 0End WithEnd WithEnd Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()cn.CloseUnload Bank_withdrawlEnd Sub

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Private Sub Form_Load()cn.Provider = "MSDASQL.1;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=VB6"cn.OpenWith rsSet .ActiveConnection = cn

.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic

.Source = "SELECT * FROM mast_acc"End Withrs.OpenWith rs1Set .ActiveConnection = cn.CursorType = adOpenDynamic.LockType = adLockOptimistic.Source = "SELECT * FROM trans_acc"End With

rs1.OpenBank_withdrawl.Height = 2625Bank_withdrawl.Width = 8490End Sub

Private Sub Label4_Click()

End Sub

Private Sub Text1_LostFocus()On Error GoTo err rs.Closers.Source = "select * from mast_acc where acc_no=" & Text1.Textrs.OpenLabel3.Caption = rs.Fields("Name")Label5.Caption = rs.Fields("Type_of_Acc")Label7.Caption = rs.Fields("pre_bal") b = rs.Fields("PRE_BAL")d = rs.Fields("CHQ_BOOK_OF")Exit Suberr:MsgBox "Error occured!Wrong A/C No.", vbInformation, "Error"EndEnd Sub

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6. CONCLUSION

On the basis of the work contained in the project entitled “ONLINE BANKING”. The following

conclusions are made from the development of project:

This project has achieved the objective of replacing the conventional system of

assessing ONLINE BANKING as could be conducted by the proposed computerized

system.

This package is highly user-friendly, required an optimal minimal input from user

while proving highly relevant and focused outputs.

This project is fully automated and hand written documentation is minimized and

the software is fully implemented.

Unauthorized access to the data is nearly eliminated by providing password

authentication system

This project has made a professional outlook towards problem statement and solving it to the best

and maximum.

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7. FUTURE SCOPE

This application can be used in any organization because each organization is interested inefficient and quick clearance of the ONLINE BANKING of their employees. Because it will

greatly help the departments of the organization to control various activities in the comfort and

time saving environment, with the added advantage of efficient record keeping of a computerized

system.

This application is easily extensible and up gradable according to organization need with little or

no changes. Besides all these things, the system is very useful to the management as it provides

them with the latest information about ONLINE BANKING expenditure of the organization and

help to switch over new rates of providing ONLINE BANKING to the Employees in case of a

change. With a few enhancements in the system it can be made more interactive.

The system can be further extensible by proving facility of feedback which will further help in

improving the system.

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8. OUTPUT REPORT FORMAT

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Visual Basic 6.0, By Garry Cannel, published by TATA McGRAW – HillPublishing Company Ltd., edition- 2004, ISBN 0-07-463557-3

Software engineering a Practioner’s Approach by Roger S Pressmen, published by TATAMcGRAW-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., edition – 1997, ISBN 0-07-052182-4

An Integrated Approach To Software Engineering by Pankaj Jalote, Published by NarosaPublishing House, printed in 1999, ISBN 21-7319-271-5

SAMS Tech yourself Visual Basic 6.0 by Greg Perry, published by Technomedia, edition-2003,ISBN 81-7635-150-4

Mastering Access-2000 by Simson and Robinson, published by BPB publications, edition 1999,ISBN 81-7656-093-6

.

Documents

Online Baking Documaentati