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Dr. rer. nat. Hellmuth BrodaCTO EMEA (Europe ME&Africa)
Member, Sun Vision CouncilSun Microsystems Inc., GSO
Sun and Open Source: Sun and Open Source: Strategy and ExpertiseStrategy and Expertise
La Conoscenza Como Bene
Publico Comune Software Dati
Saperi
17-18 Novembre 2003
Centro Congressi
Lingotto, Torino
AgendaOpen Systems, characteristicsOpen Source Software (OSS), pro's and con'sSun's position on OSSOpen Identity and Trust Management
The Liberty Alliance Project
What are Open Systems?``We use state-of-the-art building
blocks for both hardware and software. Our open systems philosophy enables easy integration of third party products to enhance and extend the system’s capabilities.´´
Why Not „Closed Systems“?Why Not „Closed Systems“?Locked into one vendor's offering
Unpublished API's make it difficult for third party extensions and adaptions
Customers depend on one vendor—no best of breed approach possible
Customers are forced to follow the upgrade path and licensing model of the vendor
Characteristics of Open Systems
Defined and published Application Programming Interfaces (API‘s)
No diving down through several layers to access kernel functions directly
No undocumented features, no insider tips&tricks
Modules can be exchanged (integrateability)
System won‘t collapse when the Browser is removed
So… What is Open Source Software?
Software whose license requires that:
The Software is open, viewable at NO CHARGE
Extensible – can be modified by changing or adding features
Freely distributable
Allows for:
Collaborative development
Why Open Source?Ensure customer choice
no lock-in to single vendor for source or support
Fit for use
requirements evolve to “best of breed”based on direct conversations with end users
Innovation
constant code revisions
Build on work of others
don’t do it all yourself
Protection– continued support even if
original vendor end-of-life’s a product
Security– more code reviews by wider
audience
Stability– ultra-fast bug fixes, reuse
stable code
But... OSS needs skilled staff...
Open Source can help with initial software procurement, but can increase maintenance cost
According to Gartner Group, 1999: only 8% of total cost is purchase of software, 92% is installation,support, maintenance, training, operations
May have to hire developers for “must-have” features when there are no volunteer developers
Switching cost can be high if an implementation requires purchase of specialized hardware
Standards are useful only if widely used
And that means: COST!Someone has to underwrite development tools systems supporting community
Developers must donate time and expertise
Someone needs to fund building a deployment system, e.g., bug tracking, version controls
Needs a distribution channel that bridges informal development with stability required for production
Open Source ≠ No Cost
DisadvantagesDisadvantagesHidden costs higher than anticipatedHidden costs higher than anticipatedDevelopment process depends on Development process depends on community interest, no marketing community interest, no marketing push: Waiting until someone will fix a push: Waiting until someone will fix a bugbugSome software might behave Some software might behave unreliablyunreliablyResponsability and Support?Responsability and Support?Documentation and training shows up Documentation and training shows up later and ease-of-use features are later and ease-of-use features are lackinglackingUpgrade cycles are very short as Upgrade cycles are very short as development and bug fixes rely on development and bug fixes rely on the community demandsthe community demandsWe have to count on the mothers that We have to count on the mothers that will continue to feed their sons will continue to feed their sons programming OSSprogramming OSS
OSS – Pro’s and Con’sAdvantagesAdvantages
✔ Zero purchase cost Zero purchase cost ✔ Can be tailored to meet requirementsCan be tailored to meet requirements✔ No corporate product development No corporate product development
process or ISO and QAprocess or ISO and QA✔ No vendor dependencyNo vendor dependency✔ Access to source and debug tools, Access to source and debug tools,
ability to suggest enhancementsability to suggest enhancements✔ No need to manage licences (NO No need to manage licences (NO
legal costs)legal costs)✔ Software is written portablySoftware is written portably✔ Large market of developers and Beta Large market of developers and Beta
testerstesters✔ In-house application development is In-house application development is
not any more depending on vendor not any more depending on vendor software bug fixes thus eliminating software bug fixes thus eliminating potential project development dead-potential project development dead-endsends
Some examples of Open Source Software
LinuxOne of the fastest growing operating systems
Apache Web Server60% of web sites run on Apache
(based upon Netcraft survey http://www.netcraft.com/survey)
SendmailMore then 3 million users
Examples of Free Software
Emacs: Extraordinarily powerful text editor.
Gcc: Full featured GNU ANSI-C compiler collection with support for C, C++, Objective C, Java and Fortran.
Gdb: GNU Debugger, allows to see program execution as well as doing post-mortem analysis.
Gimp: a GNU PhotoShop replacement
Software Licensing Schemata Traditional binary license
“Shrink-wrapped“ allows use of executable
Traditional Source LicenseVery restrictive code access (read only)
Open Source License Royalty-free access to source: use, modification, redistribution
Community Source License Source license with royalty-free access to source under certain conditions (compatibility with community standard). Avoids fragmentation
Bill Joy, Sun co-founder and leader of the BSD open source project
Sun‘s Position on OSS
““Innovation Will Innovation Will Occur---Occur---
It will Usually Occur It will Usually Occur Elsewhere”Elsewhere”
Sun‘s Position on OSSOSS is valid business modelCompany can provide customers access to their product in a way that allows them to improve and customize the software OSS facilitates competitionSun fully supports (and invests in) OSS and LinuxSun is the largest single contributor to OSS
Sun and Open SourceSun recently contributed >8 mio LOC to the SW community (SunSource.net)Brazil – Web app developmentOpenOffice.orgwww.jxta.orgGNOMENetBeans platformSun™GridEngine sun.com/gridware/get.htmlMozilla . . .
http://www.sunsource.net
Is „Free“ Really Free?Is a free puppy that your children bring home really free of charges?
It is wise to consider the total costs (TCO)
The spirit of Free Software
Free not like in free of charge Rather free like in free from chains and fetter
So—What to Use When?When you want to change the radio in
your car—do you need the blueprint? (Open Source)
So—What to Use When?If you have the blueprint will you be able to install your new radio?What you might need is a standard published interface (Open System)
So—What to Use When?But for custom changes you will need the blueprint (Source Code)
Advice for the CEO?“If your employees can dedicatetime to OSS and it is strategic for your company --- use Open Source SW
“If your employees are expensive or should get their job done --- use supported open systems products
Open Source Desktop (JDS)Linux
Operating Environment
GNOME desktopDesktop Applications
StarOffice Personal productivity
MozillaBrowser
Ximian EvolutionCalendar
Architecture of the Java Desktop System
...
Desktop Environment
Instant Messaging
Office Applications
Web Browser
Single Sign-on
SuSE Linux Desktop
JDS 2003Q4
GNOME Desktop 2.2
Java 1.4
GAIM & Sun ONE IM
StarOffice 7
Evolution 1.4
Mozilla 1.4
JavaCard + Server
Java
Operating Environment
Major Components
Mail, Calendar, Contacts
Java Desktop System
The Liberty Alliance Project:Open Identity and Trust Management
Where to Safeguard User's Information
Single IdentityOperator
Health& TravelInsurance
LoyaltyProgram
RetailBank
CarRental
HotelChain
Airline
TravelAgent
Single Point Model Open Federated ModelCredit History
Health HistoryMeal Preferences
Travel History
Insurance RecordsInsurance Records
Travel History
Meal PreferencesCredit History
Health History
Meal Preferences Car Type Preferences
Liberty Alliance solves the identity crisis
The only global body working to define and drive open technology standards and guidelines for federated identity Addresses business, policy and technical issues associated with federated identity Alliance of global organizations working together to enable the deployment of identity-based web services
Enable a broad range of platform neutral identity-based products and services. Deliverable is a set of open specifications.
Standards chosen will be royalty-free
Open Source implementations of interfaces for Single-Sign-On, Federated Identity, . . .
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A Business Alliance to establish an open standard for federated network identity.
Who is the Liberty Alliance today?Over 160 for-profit, not-for-profit and government organizations, representing a billion customers, are currently Alliance membersThe following represent Liberty’s Board Members and Sponsors
To Join Liberty: www.projectliberty.org
